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760
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
NOTE N, CHAPTER IX., PAGE 300.
The transcripts of Farrett's release to Howe on the 12th of June, and of Lord Stirling's confirma- tion on the 20th of August, in London Documents, i., 60-65, and in N. Y. Colonial MSS., iii., 21, 22, are both dated in 1639. It is difficult to account for these palpable anachronisms. The consideration stated in Farrett's release to Howe and his associates, " their being drove off by the Dutch," could only refer to the events at Schout's Bay, which the Albany Records fix, beyond dispute, as having happened in 1640. Winthrop, ii., page 4, also refers to the occurrence, under date of fourth month [June], 1640. It should be remembered, however, that neither Farrett's nor Lord Stirling's instru- ments, as they appear in the "London Documents," were transcribed from originals, but from cop- ies among the Board of Trade Papers in the State Paper Office in London. The originals (if, indeed, they exist) were not exhibited.
Thompson, in his History of Long Island, ii., 53, has misapprehended the purport of Farrett's pro- test of the 28th of September, 1641, which is quoted at length from Savage's note to Winthrop, ii., page 5. That protest was not made to express Farrett's " disapprobation" of Howe's proceedings at Schout's Bay, which he had himself formally authorized, but to save Lord Stirling's rights against Tomlins, Knowles, and other English "intruders" upon Long Island, who had gone there without his permission. In vol. ii., page 52, Thompson states that Tomlins and Knowles were "principal men in the expedition" with Howe. These persons, however, seem to have had nothing to do at any time with Howe or his associates ; their names do not even appear in the list of persons who afterward settled themselves at Southampton, as given in vol. i., p. 327, 328.
William Alexander, earl of Stirling, was born in Scotland about the year 1580, and soon became distinguished as a poet and dramatist. He was a favorite with James I., who knighted him in 1614, and in 1621 granted him the territory of Nova Scotia. In 1625, Sir William published a pamphlet, entitled "An Encouragement to Colonies," of which an improved edition was issued in 1630, under the title of " The Map and Delineation of New England," &c. He was appointed by Charles I., in 1626, to be Secretary of State for Scotland ; and was created Earl of Stirling in 1633. Lord Stirling is generally stated to have died on the 12th of February, 1640; but, as the Old Style was then used in Great Britain, this means 1641 according to the present system of reckoning the year.
NOTE O, CHAPTER XII , PAGE 418.
The following extract gives a curious picture of ecclesiastical affairs at Manhattan about the close of Kieft's administration. "What religion could men expect to find in a person [Kieft] who, from the 3d of January, 1644, to the 11th of May, 1647, would never hear God's word, nor partake of the Christian sacraments, doing all he could to estrange from the Church all those who depend- ed upon him. His ungodly example was followed, in like manner, by his fiscal, Cornelis van der Hoyckens ; his counselor, Jan de la Montaigne, who was formerly an elder ; the ensign, Gysbert de Leeuw ; his secretary, Cornelis van Tienhoven ; Oloff Stevensen, deacon, and Gysbrecht van Dyck ; besides various inferior officers and servants of the company, to the soldiers inclusive, who all not only no longer frequented the administration of the communion, but also the congregation to hear God's word. During the sermon he allowed the officers and soldiers to practice all kinds of noisy amusements near and about the church, such as nine-pins, bowls, dancing, singing, leaping, and all other profane exercises ; yea, even to such an extent that the communicants, who came into the fort to celebrate the Lord's Supper, were scoffed at by these blackguards. * * * During the preparatory service (proef-pedicatie), the Director Kieft several times allowed the drum to be beat. The clergy- man, Bogardus, having therefore requested that the drum might be beaten somewhat further off, so as not to disturb the hearers, was answered that the drummer must keep on there, as the director had given him orders. The cannon was discharged several times during the service, as if he had ordered it out a-Maying ; so that, for the purpose of interrupting the audience, a wretched villainy happened against God's church. In the new church, which was built in the year 1642, by collections from the congregation, and the roof made tight in the year 1643, preaching was allowed during his time until the year 1647, when the Director Stuyvesant came."-Breeden Raedt, p. 22. The probable authorship of this work is suggested in an article in the International Magazine for December, 1851, page 597, and in a note, ante, page 509.
NOTE P, CHAPTER XIII., PAGE 446.
The Dutch Declaration of Independence, on the 26th of July, 1581-the grandest State Paper of that age-abundantly establishes the title of Holland to be called " the mother of free states." The crig-
761
APPENDIX.
inal is given at length in the Groot Placaatbook, i., 26 ; and in Van Meteren, x., 209 ; Bor., ii., 277 ; and other Dutch histories. Not having met with an English version of this remarkable paper, and considering its great importance in developing the progress of human liberty, I venture to translate an extract.
" THE STATES GENERAL of the United Provinees of the Netherlands to all who shall see or read these presents, Greeting : WHEREAS, it is notorious to every one that the prince of a country is es- tablislied by God as a sovereign chief of his subjects, to defend and preserve them from all injuries, oppressions, and violences, as a shepherd is ordained for the defense and protection of his flock ; and that subjects are not created by God for the sake of the prince, to be obedient to him in aii that he commands, whether it be pious or impious, just or unjust, and to serve him as his slaves, but that the prince is made for the subjects-without whom he can not be prince-in order to govern them according to right and reason, and maintain and love them as a father his children, or a shepherd his flock, who risks his person and life to defend and protect them : AND when he does not do this, but instead of defending his subjects, seeks to oppress thein and deprive them of their privileges and an- cient customs, and command them and use them as slaves, he ought not to be deemed a prince, but, a tyrant ; and, as such, his subjects, according to right and reason, can no longer recognize him as their prince, especially when this is done with deliberation and by the authority of the states of the country, but they can abandon him, and, without any impropriety, choose another in his place as chief and lord to defend them." [The Declaration then recites the conditions upon which the Dutch had remained in allegiance, and the grievances they had suffered from the Spanish government.] "WE, THEREFORE, make it known that, from the foregoing considerations, and pressed by extreme necessity, as we have said, we have, with one accord, deliberation, and consent, Declared, and do Declare the King of Spain deposed, ipso jure, from his sovereignty, right, and heritage in these coun- tries, and that we have no longer any intention of recognizing him in any thing touching the prince, or his sovereignty, jurisdiction, or domains in these Low Countries, and that we shall no longer use his name as sovereign, nor shall we permit any one thus to make use of it." * * * "For we have found this to be expedient for the good of the country. And to do this, and all that may result, we give to all those whom it may concern fuli power, authority, and special command. In witness whereof we have hereto set our seal. Given at the Hague, in our Assembly, the 26th day of July, 1581."
NOTE Q, CHAPTER XIV., PAGE 467, 488; CHAPTER XVI., PAGE 549.
The records of the city of New Amsterdam, which were kept in the Dutch language, have recently been translated, by order of the corporation of the city of New York. They form five manuscript volumes, which are referred to as " New Amsterdam Records," and consist chiefly of minutes of the legislative and judicial proceedings of the burgomasters and schepens. Extracts from them have been published by Mr. David T. Valentine, the present excellent Clerk of the Board of Aldermen, in the several annuai volumes which he has prepared, under the title of "Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York." These interesting records have been a great aid in the preparation of this volume. It is obvious, however, that in a generai history of the state, many points of local interest must of necessity be rather glanced at than exhibited at length. A well-written history of the city is much desired ; and it is to be hoped that some competent hand will undertake the grateful duty of giving it to the public.
NOTE R, CHAPTER XX., PAGE 732.
Wiliem Beeckman was born at Hasselt in Overyssei, in 1623, and is said to have come to New Netherland in the same ship with Stuyvesant in 1647. He had six children by his wife Catharine de Bough, one of whom married Nicholas William Stuyvesant, a son of the director. His descend- ants have, at various times, heid responsible publie trusts in this state, of which they now form one of the most respectabie families. Beeckman remained at Esopus as sheriff until 1672. When the province was recovered by the Dutch in 1673, he returned to the city of New York, or " New Or- ange," of which he was chosen a schepen and burgomaster. In 1679 he was made alderman, in which post he remained until the division of the city into six wards, in 1683 ; after which he was elected several times, until 1696, when he retired. He died in 1707, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. " William" and " Beekman" Streets, in the city of New York, still preserve the name of one of its earliest and most faithful magistrates (ante, p. 548). His original commission as vice-director on the South River (ante, p. 652) is now in the possession of his descendant, James W. Beekman ; and his dispatches to Stuyvesant, large numbers of which are in the Secretary of State's Office, exhibit him as a man of probity and liberal views, and a true friend of religion and education.
762
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
NOTE S, CHAPTER XX., PAGE 742.
" These articles following were consented to by the persons hereunder subscribed, at the goverr,- or's bouwery, August the 27th, Old Style [September 6th], 1664.
"I. We consent that the States General, or the West India Company, shall freely injoy all farms and houses (except such as are in the forts), and that within six months they shall have free liberty to transport all such arms and ammunition as now does belong to them, or else they shall be paid for them.
"II. All publique houses shall continue for the uses which they are for.
"III. All people shall still continue free denizens, and shall injoy their lands, houses, goods, where- soever they are within this country, and dispose of them as they please.
"IV. If any inhabitant have a mind to remove himself, he shall have a year and six weeks from this day to remove himself, wife, children, servants, goods, and to dispose of his lands here.
"V. If any officer of state, or publique minister of state, have a mind to go for England, they shall be transported fraught free, in his majesty's frigotts, when these frigotts shall return thither.
"VI. It is consented to that any people may freely come from the Netherlands, and plant in this colony, and that Dutch vessels may freely come hither, and any of the Dutch may freely return home, or send any sort of merchandise home, in vessels of their own country.
" VII. All ships from the Netherlands, or any other place, and goods therein, shall be received here, and sent hence, after the manner which formerly they were before our coming hither, for six months next ensuing.
"VIII. The Dutch here shall injoy the liberty of their consciences in divine worship and church discipline.
"IX. No Dutchman here, or Dutch ship here, shall, upon any occasion, be pressed to serve in war against any nation whatsoever.
"X. That the townsmen of the Manhattans shall not have any soldiers quartered upon them with- out being satisfied and paid for them by their officers, and that, at this present, if the fort be not capa- ble of lodging all the soldiers, then the burgomasters, by their officers, shall appoint some houses ca- pable to receive them.
"XI. The Dutch here shall injoy their own customs concerning their inheritances.
"XII. All publique writings and records, which concern the inheritances of any people, or the reg- lement of the church or poor, or orphans, shall be carefully kept by those in whose hands now they are, and such writings as particularly concern the States General may at any time be sent to them.
"XIII. No judgment that has passed any judicature here shall be called in question ; but if any conceive that he hath not had justice done him, if he apply himself to the States General, the other party shall be bound to answer for the supposed injury.
"XIV. If any Dutch living here shall at any time desire to travaile or traffique into England, or any place or plantation, in obedience to his majesty of England, or with the Indians, he shall have (upon his request to the governor) a certificate that he is a free denizen of this place, and liberty to do so.
"XV. If it do appeare that there is a publique engagement of debt by the town of the Manhatoes, and a way agreed on for the satisfying of that engagement, it is agreed that the same way proposed snall go on, and that the engagement shall be satisfied.
"XVI. All inferior civil officers and magistrates shall continue as now they are (if they please) till the customary time of new elections, and then new ones to be chosen by themselves, provided that such new chosen magistrates shall take the oath of allegiance to his majesty of England before they enter upon their office.
"XVII. All differences of contracts and bargains made before this day, by any in this country, shall be determined according to the manner of the Dutch.
"XVIII. If it do appeare that the West India Company of Amsterdam do really owe any sums of money to any persons here, it is agreed that recognition, and other duties payable by ships going for the Netherlands, be continued for six months longer.
"XIX. The officers military, and soldiers, shall march out with their arms, drums beating, and coulours flying, and lighted matches ; and if any of them will plant, they shall have fifty acres of land set out for them ; if any of them will serve as servants, they shall continue with all safety, and be- come free denizens afterwards.
"XX. If at any time hereafter the King of Great Britain and the States of the Netherland do agree that this place and country be redelivered into the hands of the said states, whensoever his majestie will send his commands to redeliver it, it shall immediately be done.
"XXI. That the town of Manhattans shall choose deputyes, and those deputyes shall have free voyces in all publique affairs as much as any other deputyes.
763
APPENDIX.
" XXII. Those who have any property in any houses in the fort of Aurania shall (if they please) slight the fortifications there, and then injoy all their houses as all people do where there is no fort.
" XXIII. If there be any soldiers that will go into Holland, and if the Company of West India in Amsterdam, or any private persons here, will transport them into Holland, then they shall have a safe passport fromn Colonel Richard Nicolls, deputy governor under his royal highness, and the other con- missioners, to defend the ships that shall transport such soldiers, and all the goods in them, from any surprizal or acts of hostility to be done by any of his majestie's ships or subjects. That the copies of the king's grant to his royal highness, and the copy of his royal highness's commission to Colonel Richard Nicolls, testified by two counmissioners more and Mr. Winthrop, to be true copies, shall be delivered to the Honourable Mr. Stuyvesant, the present governor, on Monday next, by eight of the clock in the morning, at the Old Miln, and these articles consented to and signed by Colonel Richard Nicolls, deputy governor to his royal highness, and that within two hours after, the fort and town called New Amsterdam, upon the isle of Manhatoes, shall be delivered into the hands of the said Colonel Richard Nicolls, by the service of such as shall be by him thereunto deputed by his hand and seal.
"JOHN DE DECKER, NICHOLAS VARLETT, SAMUEL MEGAPOLENSIS, CORNELIS STEENWYCK, JACQUES COUSSEAU,
OLOFF S. VAN CORTLANDT,
ROBERT CARR, GEORGE CARTWRIGHT. JOHN WINTHROP, SAMUEL WILLYS, JOHN PYNCHON, THOMAS CLARKE.
" I do consent to these articles,
" RICHARD NICOLLS."
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GENERAL INDEX.
Abenaquis, attacked by the Mohawks, 704, 732, 733.
Academy contemplated at New Amsterdam, 516, 539 ; asked for by the people, 640, 641 ; estab- lished at New Amsterdam ; Curtius rector of, 656 ; Luyek rector of, 694 ; its high reputation, 694 ; children sent to it from Fort Orange, South River, and Virginia, 694.
Achter Cul, or Achter Kol, 313 ; see Hackinsack. Admiralty, the Dutch, 450.
Adquidneeke, 332 ; see Rhode Island.
Adriaensen, Maryn, at Rensselaerswyck, 244, 343 ; one of the Twelve Men, 317 ; counsels Kieft to attack the savages, 350 ; attacks savages at Corlaer's Hook, 351, 352 ; quarrels with Kieft, and is sent to Holland, 357 ; returns and settles at Weehaken, 357.
Africa, colonists allowed to trade to, 540, 656.
Agents, sent by the New England Commissioners
to Manhattan, 551; their conduet there, 552, 554 ; on Long Island, 555.
Agency, New York Historical, 759.
Agheroense, Indian interpreter at Fort Orange, 408.
Agriculture, beginning of, by colonists in New Netherland, 150, 151.
Ahasimus, or Horsimus, purchase of, 202; land near sold to Planck, 279.
Ailleboust, Governor of Canada, imiprisons Iro- quois, 645 ; allows the Dutch commercial priv- ileges, 646.
Albania, New Jersey so named, 745.
Albany, second title of Duke of York, 735; Fort Orange named, 744; the Half Moon near site of, 31 ; Treaty at, 81, 744.
Albany Records, 759.
Albert "the Trumpeter," sent to West Chester, 508.
Alckmaer, siege of, 442.
Alford, William, his deposition about Stuyve- sant's declarations, 555.
Allegiance, oath of, required, 291 : of colonists at Rensselaerswyck, 531.
Allerton, Isaac, at New Plymouth, 160 ; comes to Manhattan, 365 ; chosen one of the Eight Men, 365 ; sent to ask assistance from New Haven, 370 ; his house in New Amsterdam, 517; in- forms Stuyvesant of Cromwell's expedition, 533 ; complains of Jacquet, 633.
Alrichs, Jacob, Director of New Amstel, 631 , wrecked near Fire Island, 632 ; at New Amstel, 632 ; Elder of church at, 633; reseues ship- wrecked Englishmen, 651 ; death of wife of, 661 . insists upon conditions, 662 ; complains of Stuy- vesant, 663 ; interview with Utie, 664, 665 , death of, 670.
Altona, Fort Christina so named, 631 ; Hudde commandant at, 633 ; Stuyvesant at, 651 ; Beeckman at, 663; Maryland Commissioners at, 697 ; condition of, 699; surrendered to the City of Amsterdam, 716; Charles Calvert at, 717; transferred to Hinoyossa, 717 : surrender of, 744.
Amboy, or Ompoge, purchase of, 537. America, name of, 3, note.
Amersfoort, or Flatlands, first purchases at, 265 ; represented in the Nine Men, 474; Flatbush near, 536 ; its incorporation proposed, 569 ; sends delegates to Convention, 571 ; delegates forbidden to appear again, 575; loyalty of, 579 : municipal government of, 580 ; church service at, 581, 615 ; Hegeman schout of, 693 ; repre- sented in Convention, 722 ; loyalty of, 727 ; rep- resented in General Assembly, 729 ; letter of States General to, 730.
Amidas, Philip, in North Carolina, 5.
Amsterdam, City of, 20; Hudson sails from, 25 : Trading Company formed at, 60 ; inhabitants of, 103; Chamber of West India Company at, 135 ; cosmopolitan, 147 ; classis of, 273 ; burgli- ership in, 192, 453 ; Stadt Huys of, 457 ; bank of, 463 ; orphan-house of, 513 ; sides with West India Company, 539; New Amsterdam to re- semble, 540, 541 ; colony of on South River, 629-633 ; children from orphan-house of, 653 : alters conditions, 661 ; desires to retransfer New Amstel, 670, 682 ; appoints Hinoyossa di- rector, 682 ; modifies its conditions, 697 ; en- courages a Mennonist colony at the Horekill, 699, 699 ; obtains cession of the whole of the South River, 714, 715 ; government established there, 717 ; its colonists reduced by the En- glish, 744.
Amsterdam, Chamber of West India Company.
New Netherland assigned to its care, 148 ; see. West India Company.
Amsterdam Fort, begun on Manhattan, 165, 166 , see Fort Amsterdam.
766
INDEX.
Amsterdam Trading Company formed, 60 ; char-
ter to from the States General, 62, 63 ; applies for further charter, 80, dissolved, 89.
Anchor Bay, 57.
Andiatarocté, Indian name of Lake George or Saint Sacrement, 422 ; see Saint Sacrement. Annie's Hoeck, 334 ; settlement at, destroyed, 366. Anthony, Allard, schepen of New Amsterdam, 548; signs letter to New England agents, 553 ; sent as agent to Holland, 559 ; a burgomaster of New Amsterdam, 597 ; sent as commissioner to English villages, 597.
Apokeepsing, aboriginal name of Pokeepsie, 75. Apoquinimy Creek, treaty at, 697; chosen by Hinoyossa as the site for capital, 717.
Appeal, right of, denied by Kieft, 411, 417 ; by Stuy- vesant, 472 ; granted by States General, 503. Archipelago, 56, 296.
Archives of Holland, England, and France, docu- ments obtained from, 759.
Aressick, purchase of, 202.
Argall, Captain Samuel, 17, 51 ; in Acadia, 52, 53 ; his alleged visit to Manhattan, 54, 754, 755 ; his complaint against the Dutch, 140; his designs on the South River, 249.
Argenson, Governor of Canada, executes Mo- hawks, 650.
Armenperal, on the Sprain River, 329.
Armenveruis purchased by Corssen, 232 ; pur- chase confirmed, 485.
Arminians, or Remonstrants, 104-111.
Arminius, 104-106.
Artists, eminent, in Holland, 460.
Ashford, on Long Island, 671, 703, 726; see Se- tauket.
Aspect of Holland, 456, 457.
Assembly, General Provincial, meets at New Am- sterdam, 728; its proceedings, 729-731.
Assyreoni and Charistooni, the Dutch so called by the Mohawks, 376.
Atkarkarton, name of Esopus, 536. >
Atonement, Indian, for blood, 316, 348.
Atotarho, chief of the Iroquois confederation, 84. Atrocities against Indian prisoners, 389.
Baas, meaning of the Dutch phrase, 261, note. Bachtamo, god of Esopus savages, 731.
Backer, Joost Teunissen de, his case, 490, 511.
Backer, Schepen Jacob, a commissioner at Heem- stede, 728 ; a delegate from New Amsterdam to General Assembly, 728.
Backerus, Domine Johannes, succeeds Bogardus, 468; writes to fugitives at New Haven, 482 ; asks his dismission, 494 ; forbidden to read pa- pers from pulpit, 504 ; sails for Holland, 507, 508, 512.
Bakers, regulations for, 517.
Baltimore, Cecilius Lord, his grant of Maryland, 252 ; sends colonists to, 253 ; his authority ab- rogated, 559; designs of, on the South River,
663 ; his title discussed, 666-669 ; his demands from the West India Company, 685; obtains a confirmation of his patent, 697; appeals to Charles II., 701; his son Charles visits New Amstel and Altona, 717; Nicolls' opinion of his right to South River, 744.
Baltimore, George Lord, visits Virginia, 251. Baly, Mr., at Oost-dorp, 627.
Bank of Amsterdam, 463.
Baptism, number of children for, 508; difficulty re-
specting form of, in Liturgy, 642. 643, 656, 681. Baptists persecuted at Flushing, 626.
Barlow, Arthur, in North Carolina, 5. Barende-gat, or Barnegat, De Vries at, 228.
Barent, Govert, armorer at Fort Amsterdam, 490. Barentsen, Peter, superintendent of Indian trade,
152; treats with Sequin chief, 168; returns to Holland, 169.
Barneveldt, John van Olden, advocate of Holland,
24, 39, 61, 105; takes part with the Remon-' strants, 107; his death, 111.
Bassett, Robert, at Oost-dorp, 627.
Battery, the, commanding situation of, 165, 166, treaty at the, 409.
Baxter, George, appointed English secretary, 337, goes with expedition to Staten Island, 386; to West Chester, 387; one of the patentees of Gravesend, 411 ; sent with letter to Eaton, 428; continued as English secretary by Stuyvesant, 466 ; influences English at Gravesend to side with Stuyvesant, 509, 518 ; one of Stuyvesant's arbitrators at Hartford, 519, 521 ; arrests Van Dincklagen, 526 ; opposes Stuyvesant, 568; 3 delegate at New Amsterdam, 569, 571 ; draws up Remonstrance of Convention, 571-573 ; signs letter to Amsterdam, 566 ; removed from magis- tracy at Gravesend, 596 ; hoists British flag at, 597 ; is arrested and imprisoned at New Am- sterdam, 598 ; escapes, 620 ; his fraudulent con- duct at Gravesend, 620; goes to New England, 620 ; in London, 725.
Baxter, Thomas, contracts for palisades for New Amsterdam, 550 ; turns pirate, and is arrested in New England, 565.
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