USA > New York > New York and its institutions, 1609-1871. A library of information, pertaining to the great metropolis, past and present > Part 39
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Much interest is being manifested in all parts of the coun- try in the great undertaking, as is frequently shown by the numerous letters received from this and adjacent States, to- gether with the visits received from many distinguished citi- zens, all of whom are unanimous in their approbation of this philanthropic enterprise. Delegates from adjacent States have journeyed some distance to examine into the leading features of this Institution, and returned to their own cities to indorse the movement and recommend a like action on the part of their authorities. One has well said :
" The Commissioners deserve the thanks of the community for having added this to the many other noble public chari- ties which are receiving the benefit of their wise and efficient administration. It would be difficult to exaggerate the ad- vantages likely to accrue to the public from a benevolence which, receiving these neglected, vagrant, and degraded boys, shall shield them for a season from the rough blasts of temp- tation, teach them their duty to God and man, impart to them the principles of a noble science, train them to skill in the ap- plication of those principles, and, finally, opening to them a path of honorable usefulness, shall bid them go forth and walk therein. to the honor of God and the benefit of their fellow men !. The very qualities of sagacity and daring, of earnestness and enthusiasm, which, under their former evil training, were likely to render them a pest as well as a terror to the community, will no doubt, in numerous instances, con- stitute a vigorous impulse to push them forward and give them success in their new career of virtue, honor, and usefulness."
CHAPTER X.
NEW YORK INSTITUTIONS ON STATEN ISLAND.
SAILOR'S SNUG HARBOR. (Staten Island.)
SAILORS, though a very useful and industrious class, rank. among the most reckless and improvident of the world Without them the commerce of the world could not be con- ducted ; and while a few of them have always been noted for their intelligence, piety, and thrift, the vast majority have ever been literally afloat-creatures of accident, drifting hither and thither wherever caprice or fancy might carry them They rarely have many friends, except those who participate in their vices, and help to squander their hard earnings. Sailors are proverbially reckless of health, exces- sively given to dissipation and sensuality while or shore, exposed to the vicissitudes of changing climates while at sea ; add to these, then, the danger of other casualties, and their
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SAILOR'S SNUG HARBOR.
Life- long improvidence, and it will be clear that most of them must early become inmates of hospitals, and objects of charity. More than two hundred thousand sailors annually enter the New York harbor, many of whom are in need of medical or surgical aid. To provide for this want the Marine Hospital was established, and the Seaman's Re- treat founded. Still a place of rest where the crippled or worn-out tar might in quietude spend the evening twilight of his career was greatly needed. It remained for a noble hearted bachelor-sailor (more careful and successful than most of his fellows), to establish for these cast-off wrecks of the sea a home, unrivalled in the world in the beauty of its location, and the abundance of its comforts.
Captain Robert Richard Randall, of New York City, by the provision of his will, dated June 1, 1801, bequeathed (certain specific legacies being satisfied) all the residue of his estate, real and personal, to the Chancellor of the State, the Mayor and Recorder of the city, the President of the Cham- ber of Commerce, the President of the Marine Society, the Senior Ministers of the Episcopal and of the Presbyterian Churches of New York, and to their successors in office respectively, to be received by them in trust, and applied to the erection of an Asylum or Marine Hospital, to be called "The Sailor's Snug Harbor," the same to be opened as soon as the income of the estate should, in the judgment of the trustees, be sufficient to support fifty seamen. Mr. Randall's real estate was situated in what is now the First and Fif- teenth wards of the city of New York, and consisted of certain building lots in the former, and of twenty-one acres of land in the latter. The trustees were duly incorporated February 6, 1806. Protractive and expensive suits, brought by the relatives of the testator, prevented the trustees from carrying out his wishes for many years after his decease. The United States' Supreme Court finally decided in favor of the trust in March, 1830. The Asylum was to have been erected on his up-town property, situated south of what is now Union Square, and between Fourth and Sixth avenues, but the unexpected growth of the city, and the consequent in- crease in the value of real estate, induced the trustees to lease the city property and locate the Institution elsewhere. The estate at the decease of the testator was valued at about $30,000, but it is now estimated at about $2,000,000. It may be interesting to know that the colossal retail store of
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NEW YORK AND ITS INSTITUTIONS.
A. T. Stewart, Esq., corner Tenth street and Broadway, stands on a part of this property, and that an annual ground-rent is paid by this gentleman of about $35,000. The income of the estate is still steadily increasing. In May, 1831, the trustees purchased a farm of 130 acres, to which twenty-one acres were subsequently added, situated on the northern shore of Staten Island, for the sum of $6,000.
The corner-stone of the Asylum was laid with appropriate exercises October 21, 1831, and on the first day of August, 1833, the building was formally opened for the reception of the thirty sailors approved by a committee appointed for that purpose. The main building consists of a central, 65 by 100 feet, three stories above the basement, and of two wings 51 by 100 feet each, two and a half stories high, the parts being connected with corridors 40 feet long by 16 wide, giving a total frontage of 247 feet. The building stands on a graceful eminence ; its front is of marble, with a majestic portico ornamented with eight massive Ionic columns, pre- senting a palatial aspect as seen from the bay. In the rear of the main edifice is a three-story brick, 80 feet square, erected in 1854, in the basement of which are the Steward's office and the great kitchen of the establishment, furnished with an ample supply of steam-kettles. The first floor of this- building contains the dining-rooms, and the other floors con- tain dormitories, which are mostly large, square rooms, con- taining four beds each. This building is connected with the main edifice by a covered passage-way. A little to the right of this stands the chapel, a fine brick, with seating for several hundred persons, and adjoining stands a well-arranged par- sonage for the use of the chaplain. Further back stand the wash-house and the bake-house, each two stories, of brick, and well arranged. Still further to the rear stands the hospital, erected twenty years ago. It is a well-built three- story brick, with heavy granite trimmings, and contains space for seventy-five beds. Sixty-one persons are now in the hos- pital, some of whom have been under treatment thirty years. Our attention was called to grandfather Morris, a colored sailor, one hundred and six years old, who has been in the " Harbor" over a quarter of a century. We hoped to get some. reminiscences of' the Institution from him, but his mind was too much absorbed in better things. He remembers George Whitefield and other eminent, men of the good lang syne. He can only talk of Jesus and Heaven. - Ile expects to make-
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SAILOR'S SNUG HARBOR.
but one more short voyage, and reach in due time the haven where there are no shipwrecks or misfortunes, and where people are all of a color. We were next taken to Captain · Webster, in another ward, who thinks himself one hundred and eight years old, but whom the steward informed us was ninety-six. IIe is buoyant and cheerful, full of conversation and humor, and speaks of a " good hope " also for the life to come.
The "Harbor" contains at this writing four hundred in- mates besides the officers and help. Liberty is granted the inmates to visit friends, and go to the city or elsewhere as they may reasonably desire. The main building contains a reading-room furnished with files of papers and periodicals ; also a library of about a thousand volumes, containing many excellent and solid works which exhibit the wear of much . reading. An indispensable prerequisite to admission is that the applicant has sailed five years under the American flag. This, coupled with disease and poverty, formerly proved suffi- cient, but the late war has so multiplied the number of crip- pled seaman, that the trustees have been compelled to be more cautious in their admissions. Most of the inmates live to advanced years. Their home is well conducted, and the finest of the kind in the world. The buildings are all that could be desired, and the grounds, which are richly cultivated and thickly set with fruit and shade-trees, are as charming as nature and art could well make them. About twenty- three acres, containing the buildings and gardens, are enclosed by a. massive but handsome iron fence, which cost . over eighty thousand dollars. The iron was cast in England, and the fence rests upon a deep and solid foundation, with capped posts of the best granite. Much of the farm is still covered with heavy timber. In the front yard, at a conve- nient distance from the front entrance, stands a white marble monument, erected by the trustees August 21, 1834, to the memory of the founder of the Institution, whose remains were then removed from their first resting-place.
The affairs of the society are managed by the ex-oficio trus- tees named in the will, who annually elect their own officers. The salaried officers are the governor and his assistant, the treasurer, agent, resident chaplain, and physician. These ein- ploy such other help as is needed, with consent of the trustees. The officers are kindly disposed, too indulgent to the inmates if anything, and affable to visitors. The Institution is open
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NEW YORK AND ITS INSTITUTIONS. .
to visitors every day of the week except the Sabbath, and : every unoccupied sailor on the premises is ready with char- acteristic politeness to escort them through the buildings and grounds. The basement of the main edifice is mostly devoted to workshops. Here all who are able carry on the basket or mat making with their own capital, the fruit of which fur- nishes means for travel and for other private uses. Nearly all earn something.
The chaplain was absent when we visited the Harbor, but his praise was in the mouths of many of the inmates. He holds service twice each Sabbath, and offers public prayers twice each day. The By-Laws, which are an excellent code, make it the duty of each inmate to attend all the religious services unless excused by the governor, for sickness or other sufficient cause, yet we were informed that less than half ordinarily attended the Sabbath services. A stricter disci- pline would be a decided improvement. Eighty or ninety of the inmates profess religion, some of whom attend and take part in the Fulton-street prayer-meeting occasionally. The former chaplain was shot on the grounds by one of the old seamen, who afterwards shot himself. The man is now be- lieved to have been guilty of a previous murder, and to have become partially insane from a sense of guilt and an appre- hension that God would not pardon him.
SEAMEN'S FUND AND RETREAT.
(Quarantine Landing, Staten Island.)
S early as 1754, the colonial government of New York established quarantine measures. A tax was imposed upon all seamen and passengers entering the port of New York, and with the fund thus provided, hos- pital buildings were established, first on Governor's and after- wards on Bedloe's Island. The establishment was removed to Staten Island about 1799. The tax thus collected from passengers and seamen was paid into a joint fund, ander the control >of the Commissioners of Ilealth of the city of New York, and called the "Mariner's Fund." The
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THE SEAMAN'S FUND AND RETREAT .- (Staten Island.)
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SEAMEN'S FUND AND RETREAT. .
funds thus created, besides providing the quarantine accom- modations, were disposed of by the Legislature in establishing city dispensaries, assisting the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, etc., etc. The manifest injustice of tax- ing seamen for quarantine purposes, and in distributing their hard earnings among other charities in which they had no special interest, was discovered by commercial men of New York over forty years ago, and an effort was made to abolish this long-standing abuse. The Legislature of 1831 created a board of trustees to collect these funds and employ them exclusively for the benefit of seamen. It was believed at that time that over three hundred and forty thousand dollars had been paid by passengers and seamen into the fund, above what had been used for their benefit, and the money still on hand at that time they were authorized to receive from the State treasury, which amounted to over twelve thousand dol- lars. The first meeting of the board of trustees of the Sea- men's Fund and Retreat was held at the Mayor's office, May 9, 1831, and measures were soon taken to maintain all dis- eased seamen in the Marine Hospital, Staten Island, and in the New York Hospital. After examining several farms on Staten Island, the trustees purchased forty acres of land of Cornelius Corson, fronting on the New York bay, for $10,000. The land contained a farm-house, to which it was proposed to add an additional building for the reception of patients. The new hospital in process of erection on the summit of the elevation was overtaken with a storm so violent as to throw down its brick walls when they were nearly completed. On the 12th of June, 1832, the executive committee reported the completion of the new building, and about the middle of the following month it was occupied. As the accommo- dations continued inadequate, a plan was formed for the erection of the main buildings now in use, which are situated much nearer the shore.
The corner-stone of the present hospital was laid July 4, 1834, by Samuel Swartout, Esq., collector of the port, and president of the board of trustees, assisted by the architect, Mr. A. P. Maybee. The address was delivered by the Rev. John E. Miller, Rev. Henry Chase, pastor of the Mariner's Church, and other clergymen assisting in the services. This hospital consists of a main structure fifty feet square and three stories high, with two wings each seventy-six by thirty- four feet, built of haminered blue stone, trimined with gran-
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NEW YORK AND ITS INSTITUTIONS.
ite, and covered with brazier's copper. The central building and south wing were completed in January, 1836, and the north wing in 1852. The location of the Institution is one of surpassing beauty and commanding prominence, and has been admired by the hundreds of thousands who sail annually through the broad bay. The principal building stands nearly in the center of an arc, the lower point of which ex- tends to the Narrows, and the upper to the entrance of Kill Von Kull. From its windows the eye sweeps over the entire bay of New York, and searches for vanishing objects far out on the boiling Atlantic. Vessels from every quarter of the globe and of every variety and size, bearing the ensign of their own nationality, are constantly passing laden with the . products of many lands. At one view is seen the majestic ocean steamer, leaving its track of foam, and sending billows to the shore on which the smaller vessels rock and gracefully nod obeisance to their passing superior ; and at another, coast steamers, sloops, brigs, schooners, and the playful yacht may be seen to skim, rock, and toy in the breeze and sunlight. A wider and richer view of the commerce of the world can rarely be obtained on any continent. In nothing did the founders of this Institution evince more taste and judgment than in the selection of its location. The invalid sailor who cannot leave his room can still breathe the bracing air of the sea, and look out upon this immense picture of nature and art, which contains more of beauty and attraction for him than all the rest of the world. Ile almost forgets his malady and confinement, while the sight of his chosen ele- ment, decorated with the bright flags, whitened with the sails of a world-wide commerce, is spread out before him.
In 1841, the brick building on the hill, first erected, was fitted up for the treatment of insane patients, and a suit- able enclosure thrown around it. An oven for baking and a large wash-house were also added the same year. In Septem- ber, 1842, the granite edifice situated on the north-east corner of the grounds, since occupied by the resident physician, was erected.
An association of ladies, styled "The Mariner's Family Industrial Society," was incorporated April 6, 1849, having for its object the.relief of the destitute families of seamen. By an act of Legislature, passed March 17, 1851, a board of trustees were created for its management, consisting of New York City officials and the Board of Councillors of the
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SEAMEN'S FUND AND RETREAT ..
Mariner's Family Industrial Society. In June, 1852, the corner-stone of the Asylum, ordered by the Legislature the previous year, and which had been contemplated in the legis- lation of 1847, was laid. The plan was to provide a suitable building for the use of such "destitute, sick, and infirm mothers, wives, sisters, daughters, or widows of seamen, as gave satisfactory proof that they had paid the hospital tax for the term of two years."
Its location is on the south side of the farm, at the highest point of the rise from the bay, and about fifteen hundred feet from it. The building is a square brick structure five stories high, with accommodations for sixty inmates. The five acres of ground connected with it are finely cultivated, producing an ample supply of vegetables and fruit. The view from the upper windows is rich and varied. The eye sweeps over three cities, the Bay from Coney Island to the Palisades, over much of Staten Island, Long Island, and New Jersey. The Legislature, by act of April 12, 1854, directed that ten per cent. of certain receipts of the Trustees of the Seaman's Fund and Retreat should be paid to the trustees of this Asylum, which arrangement still continues.
The Seaman's Retreat has been favored with wise and pious officers. In 1851, a Temperance Society was organized by the Superintendent, and during the six years following, 3,200 seamen signed the total abstinence pledge. Prayer- meetings have been held weekly most of the time for many years. The published report of the Institution for 1869 declared that more than one hundred seamen had given evi- dence of conversion during the last three years. Besides the services of. a regular chaplain, the Institution is occasionally visited,by Pastor IIelland and Pastor Hedstrom, who min- ister to the Scandinavian sailors in their own language. These services are often seasons of thrilling interest ; the ser- mon being supplemeuted by the prayers and exhortations of the sailors, and not unfrequently attended with the tears and sobs of the impenitent. Many who have entered the Retreat in quest of physical remedies only have found to their great joy the balm of the soul, and returned to their occupation with" aspirations and hopes hitherto unknown As our for- eign mission work in the past has been greatly retarded by the dissipation and impiety of sailors representing Christian countries, may we not hope for the day when their conse- crated energies shall make them rank among its most potent
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NEW YORK AND ITS INSTITUTIONS.
auxiliaries ? The conversion of a humble sailor often sets in motion a series of moral influences which sweep around the world, and may never, never cease their vibrations. How powerful the motive to labor for this class of persons! Some of its surgeons have been men of remarkable piety. Thomas C. Moffatt, M.D., who expired December, 1869, and who was . the fourth physician to fall a victim of ship-fever contracted in discharge of duty, was a most amiable and saintly man. During the fifteen years that he had the medical charge of the Hospital, his religious influence was as marked as his pro- fessionaÎ. Skillful as he was in prescribing for an enfeebled body, he was no less wise in administering to a disordered soul. His labors in the chapel, at the prayer-meeting, and temperance meeting ; his tender, thoughtful, and affectionate treatment of all his patients, had so won the confidence and love of all, that when the long procession came to take the last look at his remains, many brave hearts broke down with. emotion, and turned away to weep. Few in his position have, in so eminent a mariner, exemplified the excellence of the Christian religion.
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The Institution is provided with the current periodicals of the day, and has a circulating library of about a thousand volumes. The inmates are for the most part expected to recover. Incurables are transferred to Sailor's Snug Harbor, or to other Institutions if possible ; if not they are provided for here. Fifty-six thousand disabled seamen have been admitted into the Institution since its establishment in 1831, most of whom have been cured and returned to the sea.
The grounds also contain a handsome cemetery, situated on an eminence at the western end of the grounds. Here the hardy tars find a resting place by the side of their com- rades when the storms of life are past.
HE END.
..
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Testimonials for Headley's Sacred Heroes & Martyrs.
Rev. HENRY WARD BEECHER, Pastor Plymouth Church, Brook- lyn, Editor of Christian Union, says : The favorable reception of Mr. Headley's "Sacred Mountains" doubtless suggested the preparation of the present volume, which is a com- mentary, in an expanded form, upon the lives of prophets, priests, kings and apostles. The author has endeavored, with the aid of modern research and scholarship, to develop the fragmentary records contained in the Scriptures, into something like a connected narrative. After reading these bio- graphical commentaries, for such they are, it is with a fresh interest that the Bible itself is opened. and oftentimes familiar, but hitherto uninteresting texts, are found to possess an unexpected sig- nificance ; while local inci- dents, which before were HEwey want Beesten meaningless, have acquired a fresh and individual char- acter.
Rev. Bishop E. S. JANES, of New York, says: In my judgment this is a very valu- able work. Mr. Headley wields a very graphic pon. The young will find the book exceedingly interest- ing and very instructive. I commend it cordially.
E. S. James.
Rev. PHILLIP SCHAFF, D.D., Church Historian, Editor Lange's Commentary, and Professor in Union Theological seminary, says: The Sa- cred Heroes and Martyrs of the Bible are a noble theme for the well- known de: criptive powers of the author. and well calculated to inspire Ph. Schaff the reader with enthusiasm for the highest and most enduring order of greatness. The book is a valuable contribution to our popular religious literature.
Rev. JOSEPH CUMMINGS, D.D., President Wesleyan University, says : Whoever leads men with a proper spirit to the study of the scenes, incidents, and characters of the Bible, renners a great service to the cause of religion. We consider this to be the great merit of Mr. Headley's new work, and we recommend it as worthy of general attention and favor.
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Rev. R. W. PATTERSON, D. D., Pastor 2d Presb. Church, Chicago, says : The '. Sacred Heroes and Martyrs," by J. T. Headley, is written in the author's best style, and is highly interesting and instructive. I trust it may obtain a wide circulation. It will serve to strengthen the faith and courage of many readers. The Heroes and Martyrs set before us in the Scripture record, are the great heroes and martyrs of the Church ; and their characters and acts, and even their imperfections, if studied in the light of Mr. Head- R. M.Patterson, ley's graphic sketches, can hardly fail to help others in following them who, through faith and patience, in- herit the promises.
Rev. E. J. GOODSPEED, D. D., Pastor 2d Baptist Church, Chicago, says : Our old favorite who wrote so graphically of the Sacred Mountains, J. T. Headley, has given us another volume of a similar character, upon Sacred Heroes and Martyrs. He has availed himself of all the modern advances in scholarship and knowledge of the Word of God. to clothe with vivid- ness and reality the characters of Scripture forever sacred in the veneration of mankind. His gorgeousness of imagery revels, and is at home, among the mighty men and sublime landscapes of the ancient past. A soberer pen would fail to reproduce the men and their surroundings in jast pro- portions and coloring. We welcome, therefore, and heartily commend this noble volume, with its fresh illustrations, clear type and handsome binding, hoping that our dear old Bible, ever new because so hunian and yet Divine, and hence adapted to our profoundest necessi- ties, may become yet more thoroughly understood and universally read.
E.g. Goodsfind
Rev. DANIEL STEELE, D.D., President of Genesee College, N. Y .; says: It gives me great pleasure to thank you for the service which you have done to Christian lit- erature by the publication of " Headley'> Sacred Heroes and Martyrs." I deem this work the crown- ing effort of its distinguished author, and one on which his reputation in the future will chiefly rest. For the most enduring literary fame is that which is connected with the Word of God which abideth forever. I hailit as one of the most favorable signs of the times that our greatest writers are turn- ing their attention to the Bible and are investing its grand themes with the halo of their genins. Mr. Headley wields a magical pen. Ilis " Napoleon and his Marshals," read in my co.lege days, gave me impressions so vivid, that they have never been erased from my memory. The descriptive power of this writer, the charm of his style, and the life-like pictures portrayed by his pen. render him an especial favorite with the roung.
Daniel Suele,
F 8515.79
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