USA > New York > New York in the nineteenth century. A discourse delivered before the New York Historical Society, on its sixty-second anniversary, November 20, 1866 > Part 5
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1806 ..
26,529,630
127.814 97
481
"
1807 ..
24,959.953
129.155 09
52
1808 ..
25,118,720
135,984 1S
15.5
1809.
24,782,267
139.027 39
56
1810.
25,486,370
129,727 15
51
. .
1811.
26,045,780
176,978 25
1812 ..
26,240,040
174.920 17
1813 ..!
27.650,230
174,727 94
63
. .
1814 ..
23,091,497
214,225 09
26
1815. .!
81,636,042'
197.613 38
$163.372 0S
$961.285 40 411
1816. . |
82,074,200
180.653 91
161.145 50
344,502 54 42
1817.
75.895,785
216.720 44
157.591 27
374,911 71 47
..
1S13 ..
80.251.001
255.710 70
80,251 09
305,704 25 42
1819 ..
79,113,001:
260,140 21
79.113 61
520.453 82 411
..
1820 ..
69,530,753
270.301 19
09.590 75
$39,891 94 49
1821 ..
67,256.070
299.450 30
65.255 07
067.215 57 10! 374,397 75 521
..
1822.
71,285,141.
303,105 61
71.250 14
1823 ..
70.940,820;
351.814 36
70.940 SO
422,755 16 595
..
1824 ..
83,075,676
353,329 8
41.537 84
394.857 73 47
..
1825 ..
101,160,046
336.>68 82
50,550 03
357.148 85 35,
The debt of the city, December 31, 1805, was 833,326,524 50.
67
APPENDIX.
STATEMENT of the Value of Real and Personal Estate in the City and County of New York, with the amount raised by Tar, from the year 1826 to 1866, both inclusivc.
DATE.
VALUE OF REAL ESTATE.
VALUE OF PER- SONAL ESTATE.
TOTAL VALUE REAL AND PERSONAL.
AMOUNT RAISED BY TAX.
1826
$64,504.050
$72.434.981
$107.238,931
$353.759 89
1827
72,617,770
49,549,156
112,211,926'
437,692 02
1828
77,188,880
33,879,653
114.019,533!
485,751 72
1829
76.180.430
35.672,636
111.803,066
507,107 24
1830
87,603.580
37,684,938
125.283,518;
509,178 44
1831
93.594.835
31,966,194
137,560.259
572.101 05
1832.
104,160,605
40,741.723
144,902.325;
665,355 74
1833
114.124.566
42.806,970
166.491,512
971,951 61
1831.
123.249,280
63,299,231
186.518,511
$35,605 49
1835
143,742,425
61.001.2781
218,723,703
965,602 91
1886.
233,782,303
75,758,617
309,500,020
1,055,130 44
1837
190,450.109;
67.297.241
265.747.350!
1,241,972 15
183S.
104.543,359
69.609.582
264.152.941
1,486,993 73
1839
196,940,134
73.920.885!
270.869.019
1,352,826 51
1810.
187.221,714'
65.011,801
252,233.515
1,354,835 29
18-11
186,359,948
64,843,972|
251,194.920
1,394,136 65
18-12
176,513.092
61,292.559
237,805.651
2,031.882 66
1813
164,935.314
64.274.565
229,229,079
1,747,510 59
1844
171.937.591
64,789,652
236.727,143
1,988,118 56
1815
177,207.990
62.787.527
239,995.517
2,096,191 18
1846
181.450,634
61,171,470.
244,952,004;
2,520.146 71
1847
187.815.386
59.837,913
247,153,299
2,581.776 30
1848
193.029,076
61.104.417
254,163.5231
2,715.510 25
1819
197,741.919
58.455.224
256,197,143 286,061,810
3,250.085 02
1851
227.015.856
93,095.001
1952.
253.275.984
9S.490,042
1853
204,637,230
118,994,137 131,721,538 150,022.312
320.110.857 351,765.426 413.631.382 402.021,704 486.998,279 511.740,401
7,075.125 72
1836
310.972.005. 352.955.503
170.744.893 165.216,449 162.8447,904 172.968,192 175.697,637 174.624.306
621.175.252 531.194.200 551.923.122 577.230.958
8. 021,091 31
1858.
365.848.296 878.954,900 308.535,619 406.955.165 $99,551.314 402.196,652.
172.410,031 192.000,1611
5$1.579.971 571.967,045 594.196 .- 13
11,550.072 18
1864.
410.695.455
223.920,405
634,615.590
13,705.092 86
IS65.
427,368.564
151,423.471 257,994,974
608,792.835 736.988,035
16.050.767 83
1866
478.993.0$4
1859
1860
9.759.507 50 11.627.052 25
1861.
9,906,271 19
1862
1863.
207,142.576
78,919,240
Stone, 199 74
1854
330,800,396 336.975,860
5 .~ 43.822 89
1855
8.111.755 09
1857
3,005,762 52
1850
2.924.455 94
3,850,511 00
4,510,886 17
18,202,857 56
68
APPENDIX.
COMMERCE OF NEW YORK. (From the Report of the Chamber of Commerce.)
TONNAGE OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK AND OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATEMENT exhibiting the registered, enrolled, and licensed Tonnage be- longing to the Port of New York, for each year, from 1837 to June 30, 1865, inclusive. (Official.)
REGISTERED.
ENFOILED AND LICENSED.
TOTAL.
T'ons.
95ths.
Tons.
95ths.
Tons.
95ths.
1857
802,356
.. 10
.. 575,068 .. 51 .. 1,377,424
1858.
840,449
.. 08 .. 592,256
.. 33
.. 1,452,705 .. 41
1850.
814,132
.. 24
.. 599,925
44
.. 1,444,360 .. 05
1860.
$38,449
. 51
. . 625,551
. . 47
.. 1,161,001
.. 03
1861.
912,942
. . 79 .. 626,412
. . 44
.. 1,599,855 .. 25
1862.
921,983 .. 03
. . 645,232
57
.. 1,567,215
.. 60
1863.
846,445
. . 79
.. 777,554
24
.. 1,624,000
.. 08
1861.
723,812
.. 49
.. 931,157 .. 85 .. 1,654,970 .. 39
1865.
471,473
.. 00 .. 751,791
.. 50 .. 1,220,264 .. 50
66
new meas .. 192.545
.. 69
. . 200,786 .. 85 ..
893,332 . . 54
STATEMENT Exhibiting the tonnage of American and Foreign Vessels en- tered and cleared from the several districts of the State of Ner York, during the year ending June 30, 1865. (Official.)
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
Districts.
American Vessels. Tons.
Foreign Versuls.
Totol.
Vessels.
TomA.
Tors
10: 4.
Genesee
27,540
92,016
110,356
76,642
92,19;
16 .. 79
Oswego.
213,855
202,604
436.552
156.265
221,299
4. 304
Niagara.
50,075
49,63S
106,070
932
40,603
:. 15
Oswega:chie
..
33, 00:
05.605
....
3.,625
Champlain
51,306
45,:35
103 041
51,727
Cape Vincen".
144,994
$5,601
240,505
144.145
92,199
Dunkirk.
571
1,305
1.576
202
1,5.5
Sag Harbor
..
..
....
....
....
614
New York
774,136
1,301,341
2,075,477
620,150
1,1;3,727
2,102,915
Total State of New York. 1,643. $15
1,204,019
3.577.534
1,46;5,44")
2,092 0'S 3 50M,507
Other States.
1,299,846
1,282,949
2,532,794
1,556,655 1,503,065
3,639,730
--
Total United States. 2,943,661
0,216,907
6,100, GPS 3,025,134 3,503,123
6,020,257
American
Foreign Vc sel :.
Tons.
Tons.
3:5,606
Buffalo Creek.
072.032
SS, 904
00,21
614
.. 61
69
APPENDIX.
ARRIVALS OF SHIPPING AT NEW YORK IN 1865.
FROM FOREIGN POPIS.
Steamers.
Ships. 479
Barks.
Brigs.
Schooners.
451
1,024
1,635
1,070
COASTWISE.
Steamers.
Ships.
Barks.
Brigs.
Schooners.
1,604
85
144
299
5,840
Total, foreign ports
4,662
coastwise.
7,972
Grand total for 1865
12,634
Whole number, 1861
12,825
Decrease
191
ARRIVALS DURING PREVIOU'S YEARS.
Foreign, all Classes.
Consticier,
1863
4,602
7,072
1864
4,841
..
7,984
1863
5,173
....
7,937
1862
5,487
. ...
7,14S
1861
5,122
...
6,977
1860
4,451
....
8,445
1859
4,027
. ...
7.809
1858
3,483
. . . .
7,243
1857
3,902
....
6,097
1856
3,869
. ...
6,109
COMMERCE OF NEW YORK FOR THE YEAR 1565.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK FOR THE YEAR ISCS.
THE following statistics of the commerce of the port of New York for the year 1865, showing the imports and exports classified. with a comparison with previous years, have been compiled from the official returns at the Custom House :
FOREIGN IMPORTS AT NEW YORK.
1662.
1563.
1561.
1565.
Dry-Goods
$56,121,227
.. 867,274,547
.. ** 1,389,:32
.. $01.995,155
General Merchandise ..
117,140,$13
..
115,$14.213
.. 144,270,350
.. 130.4,000
Specie
1,330,277
..
1,525,811
.. 2,263,622 .. 2 121,251
Total imports.
$1,4,652,017
. $157,614.577
.. $214.125,:00
.. $_24,742,419
1 70
APPENDIX.
It appears from this statement that the total for the year exceeds the total of any year since the war, because of the very heavy dry-goods imports last year. Our imports of cotton alone have decreased about six millions. We now give, for comparison, the previous years since 1851, classifying them into dutiable, free, and specie. Under the head of dutiable is included both the value entered for consumption and that entered for warehousing. The free goods run very light, as nearly all the imports now are dutiable.
FOREIGN IMPORTS AT NEW YORK.
Duliable.
Free Goods.
Specie.
Total.
1851
$119,502,261
. . $9,710,771 .. $2,049,543 .. $131,361.578
1852
115,356,052 .. 12,105,342
. . 2,408,225 . . 129,842,619
1853
179,512,412
. . 12,156,387 ..
2,120,053 . . 194,037,552
1854
163,491,9 4
.. 15,768,916 . . 2,107,572 . 181,371.472
1855
142,800,661
.. 14,103,946 .. 855,631 . . 157,860,239
1850
193.839,616 .. 17,902,578 .. 1,814,425 . . 213,556,619
1857
196,279,362
.. 21,440,734 .. 12,898,033 . . 230,618,129
1858
128,578,256
.. 22,024,601 . . 2,264,120 .. 152.867,007
1859
213,640,363
. 28,708,732 .. 2,816,421 . . 245,165,516
1860
201,401,683
.. 28,006,4-17 ..
8,852,330 .. 238,260,460
1861
95,326,159
.. 30,353,918
.. 37,088,413 .. 102,768,790
1862
149,970,415 . 23,291,625 . . 1,390,277 . . 174,652,317
1863
174.521,766
.. 11,567,000 .. 1,525,811 . . 187,614,577
1864
204,128,236
.. 11,731,902 .. 2,265,622 .. 218,125,700
1865
212,20S,301
.. 10,410,837
.. 2,123,281 .. 224,742,419
IMPORTS OF DRY-GOODS AT THE PORT OF NEW YORK FOR THE YEAR 1565.
Misil.
Fool. Cotton. Silk. FUI.
1865 ...
. 36,074,555 .. 15,330,04 .. 20,556,261 .. 15,400,002 .. 1, 031,00 .. $1.055.155
THE following statement shows the receipts for duties for the last four years :
RECEIPTS FOR CUSTOMS AT NEW YORK.
1862. 1563.
IS6 1. 15G5.
$52,254,116 72 .. $58,886,034 42 .. 66,937,127 71 .. $101,772,905 94
The annexed detailed statement shows the exports of domestic pro- duce, and specie and bullion, during each month of the last four years :
71
APPENDIX.
EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC PRODUCE.
1862. $149,179,591
1863. .. $164,249,177 . $201,855,989 .. $174,247,454
166.1.
1865.
EXPORTS OF SPECIE AND BULLION.
1862. $59,437,021 ..
1663. IS61. $49,754,066 .. §50,825,621 .. $30,003,633
TOTAL EXPORTS.
1862.
1963.
I.S6.1.
1965.
$216,371,8-13 .. $220,405,034 .. 8272,648,163
.. $208,630,282
BANKING IN NEW YORK.
THE NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE.
OPERATIONS OF THE YEAR 1865-1866 .- AGGREGATE OPERATIONS OF THE THIRTEEN YEARS, 1853-1966.
TIIs institution has been organized thirteen years, during which time its aggregate transactions have amounted to $158, 070.314,871.93.
Its transactions for the year ending Oct. 1, 1866, were $29,753,282,- 020.44, being in excess of the year ending Oct. 1, 1865, $2,715,132,- 570.86; 84,800,306.159.52 greater than the year ending Oct. 1, 1904, and $17,024,024.722.65 more than the average for thirteen years.
The association numbers fifty-seven banks, with a capital of $51,- 777,000. Of this number, nine are organized under the banking law - of the State of New York, and the remainder (forty-nine) under the National Banking Law.
At the time of its organization, fifty-two banks composed the asso- ciation, with an aggregate capital of $49, 103,802 ; 832.000, 8% less than its present capital.
The first weekly statement published by the associated banks was on October 15, 1853, and was as follows:
Capital, $49,100,362; Loans and Discounts, SST. 07, 273; Specie, $11,830,172 ; Circulation and Net Deposits, $10,900,212.
1565.
72
APPENDIX.
The statement on October 13, 1866, was:
Capital, $31,770,000; Loans and Discounts, $276,443,219; Specic and Legal Tenders, SS8, 750,424 ; Circulation and Net Deposits, $257,035,895.
The percentage of specie to net liabilities on October 15, 1853, was 24.16 per cent. The percentage of specie and legal tenders, October 13, 1866, was 34.53 per cent.
The circulation of the banks of the association, previous to the passage of the "National Currency Act," averaged about $8,000,000. The smallest amount of circulation reported in the weekly statement was $2,720,666, on March 4, 1865.
The largest amount was in the last statement, October 15, 1866, viz., $28,940,538, an increase of $26,219,872 in nineteen months.
The following banks are the only ones in the city that are not mem- bers of the association :
1. Dry Dock Bank.
2. Bull's Head Bank.
3. New York County Nat. Bank.
7. Manufacturers' National Bank. 8. American National Bank.
9. Croton National Bank.
4. Fifth National Bank. 10. Bowery National Bank.
5. Sixth National Bank. 11. National Currency Bank.
6. Eighth National Bank.
12. Wooster Sherman Bank.
Aggregate operations for thirteen years-October, 1853, to October, 1866. I .- The aggregate exchanges. II .- The aggregate cash balances. III .- The average daily exchanges.
Oct., 1853 to Oct., 1866. . $151,290,133,640 51 ..
Exchanges. Cash Ba'ances Pail. $6,780,211,230 52 1
Average Daily Exchanges. Average Daily Bel.
Oct., 1865 to Oct., 1866 ... 93,541,195 16 . ... 0,172,752 79
The Clearing House is one of the important financial institutions of the City of New York. The amount of labor, time, and expense saved to the banks by this medinin is almost . incalculable. In the first place. over twenty-five hundred accounts on the ledgers of the banks were instantly closed. The daily exchanges formerly occupied the time of one or two bank clerks five or six hours per day, accompanied with freqnent disputes. Now the daily transactions of over one hundred millions are accomplished in one hour, and with perfect accuracy and satisfaction .- J. S. Homane, Bankers' Magazine.
73
APPENDIX.
RELATIVE VALUE OF THE REAL AND PERSONAL ESTATE IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK, AS ASSESSED IN 1865-66.
WARDS.
ASSESSMENTS OF ISCS.
ASSESSMENTS OF 150G.
INCREASE
First
35,249,250
40,077,550
4,828,300
Second
19,986,200
21,295,500
1,309,300
Third
25,722,800
28,559,900
2,537 100
Fourth
9,411,200
9,488,350
77,150
Fifth.
21,217,300
22,182,900
965.600
Sixth
13,416,600
13,731,600
318,000
Seventh
12,417.599
12,562,799
145.200
Eighth
18,391,600
18,866,700
475,100
Ninth
15,940,200
16,295,600
355,400
Tenth .
9,124,600
9,691,800
567.200
Eleventh.
9,460,325
11,042,000
1,581,675
Thirteenth
5,553,400
5,645,700
02,800
Fourteenth.
12,680,300
13,379,800
693,000
Fifteenth.
28,277,000
31,570,800
3.293,300
Sixteenth.
18.867.450
19,807,310
939,800
Seventeenth
18,768.200
22,022.300
3.251,100
Eighteenth
38,387,050
41,004,200
2,617.150
Nineteenth.
23,070.940
37,636,050
14,565,110
Twentieth.
18,177,900
18,990,910
813,010
Twenty-first.
35,322,250
42,704,950
7,382.700
Twenty-second . .
19,825,515
24,052,715
4.227,200
Total.
427.450.984
478,993,084
51,512,100
PERSONAL ESTATE.
PERSONAL ESTATE.
PERSONAL ESTATE
Resident
162,982,154
206,609.278
43.627,124
Non-Resident.
18,441,317
51,385,690
32,944,379
Total
181,423,471
257,994,974
76.571.563
Total Real and Personal for 1865 ..
608. 574.155
Total Real and Personal for 1866 .. 736,958.005
Total Increase
128,113,603
Total Valuation for 1865.
.608.574.455
Total Valuation for 1866. . 736.958,055
Increase in 1866
125.113.603
Total Valuation in County 31,958, 58
A. J. WILLIAMSON, ) Commissioners
J. W. ALLEN.
J. W. BROWN,
Tures and Assessments.
Twelfth.
18,177,305
18,381,650
204,375
74
APPENDIX.
This paper, from Colonel Andrew Warner, is important as illustrating the relation of Savings Banks to the property of the city and the credit of the nation.
ABSTRACT OF OFFICIAL REPORTS OF SAVINGS BANKS IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, VIZ .:
Jan. 1.
No. of Bank A.
Open Accounts.
Ainount due Depositors.
Bonds and Mortgages.
Public Stocks.
1855. 1856.
16 16
122,921 132,737
26,111,719 20 28,158,578 25
13,263,515 27 12,937,551 60|
11,424.555 12,835,896 22
715,464 41
1858.
16
154,4.43
32,615,184 53 56,806.426 29
15.750,352 83
1,031 369 74
1660.
17
196,619
43,410.090 8S
16,468,934 76
24.506,582 €1
1,942,501 71
1861.
21
217,964
44.9-5.538 79
18.522.817 42
2,297.000 49
1862.
21
205.169
45 0$5,026 13
17,01 ,330 02
21.615.651 45 2: 925,13 00
2.275.451 54
1503.
·21
229.405
51,035.233 27
17,164,019 90
29.206,917 51
.,710,551 45
1865.
204,290
72.028,554 59
15,6 7.601 10
52.444.159 57
5,249,107 49
1.055. 9 21
1866.
23
299.538
76.989.505 56
16.559,602 51 : 57,300,411 )
0,01 7, 3 38
1 103,713 .3
The first bank established in this city was the Bank for Savings, which commenced operations in Chambers Street, 3d July, 1819.
The Seamen's, the next chartered, in.
1829
The Greenwich.
1833
The Bowery .. 1834
East River.
1SIS
Inst. for Sav. Merch. Clerks. 1845
Dry Dock.
1548
Manhattan.
1850
Broad way
66
Irving.
1851 Mariners' 66
1552
Mechanics' and Traders'
66
1553
Sixpenny
٤٠
.1-51
Bloomingdale
1551 German ..
1569
Citizens'
66
1560 Atlantic
Franklin.
1563
Harlem
1803
Market.
1503
Peoples'
INVESTMENTS.
Surplua.
1.957,283 02
:20.421 29
1859.
16
169,997
15.400.206 80
11.9$3. 574 94 15,85% -60 01
1864.
209,570
02,174.623 97
16,1-1,279 68
41,700.235 10
1850
Emigrant Industrial.
1851
1852
Rose Hill
1:59
Union Dime
75
.
APPENDIX.
II. HEALTH OF THE CITY.
DEATHIS IN 1865 : GENERAL SUMMARY.
Total number of deaths reported in
Total number of adults 10.032
1565, was ..
24.843 Total number of children .. 11.504
Divided thus :
Total number of declared per-
White persons. 24,421
SOUS.
Colored persons 422
From which dedue: :
Premature births
5,1
Male adults.
5,4:3 Suicides, various
Male children
7,902 Casualties.
Drowned
1-5
Total males 13,335
Sunstroke
11
Burned or Scalded.
lui
Female adults.
.4,606 Killed or Murdered.
7
Female children
6,902 Heat, effects of.
3
Poison.
12
Total females 11,505
To.al .. 1,201
Total ..
24, $13 Total number of deaths from disease ..:. ,452
Total
21,543
N. B .- Age for division of adults and children, 20 years.
F. A. BOOLE, City Inspector.
LETTER FROM DR. ELISHA HARRIS.
To REV. S. OSGOOD, D. D.
DEAR SIR: The population of the City of New York. according to the Census of 1790, was, at the beginning of the I .- t decennium of the 18th century, 33,131. In the year 1800, the Census returned 60,459, which showed an increase of 83 per cent. upon the city's population in 10 years. The next decennial period-the first of the present century -there was an increase of 59 per centum ; but during the succeeding four years, a brief period of war, there was a decrease amounting to 1 per centum, or a retrogression of nearly 10,000 in the total population. Since that period there has been a steady and rapid increase in the pop- ulation, until the commencement of the war of the Rebellion.
In a retrospective estimate of the state of the public health, tho Mortuary Record is a trustworthy index, if we note the nature and
390
Total. 24,543
Malformations
76
APPENDIX.
fatality of each great epidemic visitation. The following statement. in columns of population, deaths, and death-rates on population, are authentic :
Total percentage : of the increase in Total population' Total mortality population in the | of the city. previous years. that year.
Death-rate estimate! Lumber Jeatis i. lowa! population.
1814
Decrease of about 0.1 in three years.
95,519
1,901
20;
1820
Increase in six years 30 per cent.
123,706
3,522
281, Two epidemic .
1825
Increase in five years 34 per cent.
166,086
4,920
23}
1830
Increase in five years 19 per. cent.
197,112
5,522
28, One epidemic.
1835
Increase in five years 30 per cent.
268,089
7,096
261
1840
Increase in live years 17 per cent.
312,710
8,469
277!
1845
Increase in five years 16 per cent.
371,223
9,652
26
1855
Increase in ten years 50 per cent.
620,810
24,418
Including 1) epidemics of cho.ern, 9, 0 Filled.
1805
Increase in ten years 10.53 per et.
726.354
25,767
The accuracy or inaccuracy of the census returns need not be mon- tioned here. But we cannot fail to note the marked increase in the death-rate, year by year, for nearly twenty years past. This ceras. 1 increase of mortality must not be assumed to indicate a decrease in the expectation and length of life in the more favored classes of the populo- tion. There is reason to believe that all this increase of the death-rehe is caused in particular classes of inhabitants. he is found to be mais's in those classes from which the paupers are derived, viz. : the ignorant and poor classes. Methods of classification, and analysis of cases of a th at the various periods of life, are now so employed in the Berean as to set forth, after a year or two, the actual conditions under which occur all the great excesses of mortality in the different classes and occupations, and at the several periods of life. Already we know that, as regards periods of life, the excess of mortality is in children under five years of age. The chances of life after that early period, are as good in New York as in most maritime cities.
TT
APPENDIX. ·
London, Paris, and Liverpool are the chief great capitals with which the increase and movement of population, the physical influences of com- merce and the trades, and the rates of mortality in New York can be justly compared ; yet none of those cities feels so greatly the influence of a foreign and unacclimated element in the population.
In London, with a population, now, of 3,067,000 and upwards upon 121 square miles, the death-rate, for twelve or fourteen years, has not varied much from 233 per 1,000 annually. In Paris the death-rate is, year by year, about 1 in the 1,000 higher than that of London.
Liverpool last year had a death-rate of 863 per 1,000 inhabitants. The city of Dublin, last year, had a death-rate of 28 per 1,000.
In the thirteen chief cities of Great Britain, the average rate is a little more than 24 per 1,000 annually. England and Wales suffer yearly a loss of 223 lives to every 1,000 inhabitants.
Austria, in 1853, buried 34 out of every 1,000; in 1538, 813; and in 1863 317, to the 1,000 of her population.
France, in the same years, lost ouly 22, 24], and 221 to the 1,000 respectively.
Most of the countries of Europe have, for years, been increasing their population at the rate of about 1 per cent. per annum. The most rapidly growing capitals have increased at a much more rapid rate, but even London has less than half the average rate of population growth which New York has.
The standards of life-endurance in Europe are not high standards, though in cities they have risen to nearly double the length of European city lives two hundred years ago. Even in the notorious Parish of St. Giles, in London, a district has been so renovated the past ten years that the chances of life have more than doubled.
New York should have its own standard, and, with its healthful climate, and great advantages, the motto of its sanitary government should be EXCELSIOR.
In the Fifteenth Ward of this city, with a dense and well-mixed population, the present standard of life, in that ward, has, for six years, averaged nearly twice as high as the average of the city. The mean death-rate in the ward has been but 17 per 1,000. And in this e; i- demic year, life has been more secure in that ward than ever before, the deat .. ^~ having thus far been as 16 per 1,000 annually.
Let ine express the belief that, unless sanitary science and social im- provements are delusions, New York will, at some future day, contain a population of 2,000,000, and the metropolitan district 4.000,000, with a death-rate not exceeding 16 per 1,000 annually, -but half the present rate !
Our war has demonstrated the wonderful cudurance and vitality of
78
APPENDIX.
the American man. The metropolis of our country can get present the healthiest of all the crowded populations; for all the resources of sanitary science and medicine have become tributary to social progress in the civilization and Christianity of our day.
With highest regard, I remain, very truly yours,
E. HARRIS.
BUREAU OF RECORDS AND VITAL STATISTICS
METROPOLITAN BOARD OF HEALTH, November 19th, 1866.
MORTALITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK IN 1864 AND 1865.
YEAR.
156-1.
1503.
Total
25,645
24,843
Decrease .... sop
Males.
13,662
13,335
60
... 027
Females
11,983
11,50S
6:
. .415
Men
5,959
5,433
. . 626
Women.
5,114
4,600
..
.50%
Adults.
11,073
10,039
1,03!
Children.
14.572
14,804
Increase.
... 232
under 1 year
6,058
6,217
. . .. 15?
Ratio to 1,000 living in 1804, 23.7; in 1863, 25.1 ; decrease, 1.4.
These returns indicate the city to have been entirely free from any epidemic or even endemic, and the general health to have been unusually good.
A TABLE, showing the total DEATHS from 1850 to 1866, also the number of ADUITS, CHILDREN, and CHILDREN under one year of age who died in the same period.
Year.
Deaths.
Adults.
Children.
1
Children unier ly sr.
1851
21,748
13.073
0,991
1852
20.298
$.002
12.201
6,351
1853.
21,137
S.124
13.003
6.661
J$54
26,953
10.081
16.271
7.551
1-55
21.478
7.280
14.180
6,771
1856.
20,102
1557
21,775
7,558
11,217
6,905
1855.
22,196
S.081
14.105
7.109
2859.
21.645
8,152
13,443
6.599
1560
22.710
8,752
13 958
6.057
1861
22,117
8,503
13,614
6,180
1862.
21,244
8,618
12.620
5,720
1863
25,196
10.596
14,600
6,11S
1864
25,645
11.073
14.572
6,058
1865.
24,843
10.039
14. 504
6.217
14.960
0.497
79
APPENDIX.
CHOLERA MORTALITY DURING SIX YEARS.
Year.
January. February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
Total for elx months.
1861.
22
21
15
23
29
66
176
1862.
18
22
34
26
32
65
199
1863
49
27
23
36
60
69
267
1864.
51
30
3S
58
54
111
34S
1865
41
46
37
40
45
141
350
1866
55
33
45
90
84
196
598
Total. .
236
190
195
272
301
651
1,84S
The number of deaths in the Cholera Hospitals is stated to have been :
100
In the Red House Hospital.
32
Total
141
DEATHS IN THE CITY BY WARDA.
The following table shows the number of deaths from cholera in this city, by wards, from May 1 to December 1, 1866, inclusive, showing the rate of those deaths to the 10,000 inhabitants living :
Wards.
Total .....
ceDrus of ING5 ...
Total population (in wards,)
Total casca of cholora to
Rate of population to square
pitais.
com a sent to cloudera hos-
Total chakra deaths, in
1 cholira hospital ences)
Total storthe. (inci sive of
First ..
14
9.552
14
41,010
37
Second
1
3,267
135,477
Fourth
25
17,052
F.fth
12
0.1
19.754
451
151,951
125
5.
Seventh
19
36,501
1-5.512
11
Tenth ..
13
31,55,
196,510
Eleventh
13
54.013
5,195
Twelfth.
10
113
1.5,5 %)
87
Fourteenth.
3
41.9.2
69 953
1.5
Sixteenth.
70.563
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