New York in the nineteenth century. A discourse delivered before the New York Historical Society, on its sixty-second anniversary, November 20, 1866, Part 5

Author: Osgood, Samuel, 1812-1880; New-York Historical Society
Publication date: 1867
Publisher: New York, Printed for the Society
Number of Pages: 266


USA > New York > New York in the nineteenth century. A discourse delivered before the New York Historical Society, on its sixty-second anniversary, November 20, 1866 > Part 5


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50 per 1.


1806 ..


26,529,630


127.814 97


481


"


1807 ..


24,959.953


129.155 09


52


1808 ..


25,118,720


135,984 1S


15.5


1809.


24,782,267


139.027 39


56


1810.


25,486,370


129,727 15


51


. .


1811.


26,045,780


176,978 25


1812 ..


26,240,040


174.920 17


1813 ..!


27.650,230


174,727 94


63


. .


1814 ..


23,091,497


214,225 09


26


1815. .!


81,636,042'


197.613 38


$163.372 0S


$961.285 40 411


1816. . |


82,074,200


180.653 91


161.145 50


344,502 54 42


1817.


75.895,785


216.720 44


157.591 27


374,911 71 47


..


1S13 ..


80.251.001


255.710 70


80,251 09


305,704 25 42


1819 ..


79,113,001:


260,140 21


79.113 61


520.453 82 411


..


1820 ..


69,530,753


270.301 19


09.590 75


$39,891 94 49


1821 ..


67,256.070


299.450 30


65.255 07


067.215 57 10! 374,397 75 521


..


1822.


71,285,141.


303,105 61


71.250 14


1823 ..


70.940,820;


351.814 36


70.940 SO


422,755 16 595


..


1824 ..


83,075,676


353,329 8


41.537 84


394.857 73 47


..


1825 ..


101,160,046


336.>68 82


50,550 03


357.148 85 35,


The debt of the city, December 31, 1805, was 833,326,524 50.


67


APPENDIX.


STATEMENT of the Value of Real and Personal Estate in the City and County of New York, with the amount raised by Tar, from the year 1826 to 1866, both inclusivc.


DATE.


VALUE OF REAL ESTATE.


VALUE OF PER- SONAL ESTATE.


TOTAL VALUE REAL AND PERSONAL.


AMOUNT RAISED BY TAX.


1826


$64,504.050


$72.434.981


$107.238,931


$353.759 89


1827


72,617,770


49,549,156


112,211,926'


437,692 02


1828


77,188,880


33,879,653


114.019,533!


485,751 72


1829


76.180.430


35.672,636


111.803,066


507,107 24


1830


87,603.580


37,684,938


125.283,518;


509,178 44


1831


93.594.835


31,966,194


137,560.259


572.101 05


1832.


104,160,605


40,741.723


144,902.325;


665,355 74


1833


114.124.566


42.806,970


166.491,512


971,951 61


1831.


123.249,280


63,299,231


186.518,511


$35,605 49


1835


143,742,425


61.001.2781


218,723,703


965,602 91


1886.


233,782,303


75,758,617


309,500,020


1,055,130 44


1837


190,450.109;


67.297.241


265.747.350!


1,241,972 15


183S.


104.543,359


69.609.582


264.152.941


1,486,993 73


1839


196,940,134


73.920.885!


270.869.019


1,352,826 51


1810.


187.221,714'


65.011,801


252,233.515


1,354,835 29


18-11


186,359,948


64,843,972|


251,194.920


1,394,136 65


18-12


176,513.092


61,292.559


237,805.651


2,031.882 66


1813


164,935.314


64.274.565


229,229,079


1,747,510 59


1844


171.937.591


64,789,652


236.727,143


1,988,118 56


1815


177,207.990


62.787.527


239,995.517


2,096,191 18


1846


181.450,634


61,171,470.


244,952,004;


2,520.146 71


1847


187.815.386


59.837,913


247,153,299


2,581.776 30


1848


193.029,076


61.104.417


254,163.5231


2,715.510 25


1819


197,741.919


58.455.224


256,197,143 286,061,810


3,250.085 02


1851


227.015.856


93,095.001


1952.


253.275.984


9S.490,042


1853


204,637,230


118,994,137 131,721,538 150,022.312


320.110.857 351,765.426 413.631.382 402.021,704 486.998,279 511.740,401


7,075.125 72


1836


310.972.005. 352.955.503


170.744.893 165.216,449 162.8447,904 172.968,192 175.697,637 174.624.306


621.175.252 531.194.200 551.923.122 577.230.958


8. 021,091 31


1858.


365.848.296 878.954,900 308.535,619 406.955.165 $99,551.314 402.196,652.


172.410,031 192.000,1611


5$1.579.971 571.967,045 594.196 .- 13


11,550.072 18


1864.


410.695.455


223.920,405


634,615.590


13,705.092 86


IS65.


427,368.564


151,423.471 257,994,974


608,792.835 736.988,035


16.050.767 83


1866


478.993.0$4


1859


1860


9.759.507 50 11.627.052 25


1861.


9,906,271 19


1862


1863.


207,142.576


78,919,240


Stone, 199 74


1854


330,800,396 336.975,860


5 .~ 43.822 89


1855


8.111.755 09


1857


3,005,762 52


1850


2.924.455 94


3,850,511 00


4,510,886 17


18,202,857 56


68


APPENDIX.


COMMERCE OF NEW YORK. (From the Report of the Chamber of Commerce.)


TONNAGE OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK AND OF THE UNITED STATES.


STATEMENT exhibiting the registered, enrolled, and licensed Tonnage be- longing to the Port of New York, for each year, from 1837 to June 30, 1865, inclusive. (Official.)


REGISTERED.


ENFOILED AND LICENSED.


TOTAL.


T'ons.


95ths.


Tons.


95ths.


Tons.


95ths.


1857


802,356


.. 10


.. 575,068 .. 51 .. 1,377,424


1858.


840,449


.. 08 .. 592,256


.. 33


.. 1,452,705 .. 41


1850.


814,132


.. 24


.. 599,925


44


.. 1,444,360 .. 05


1860.


$38,449


. 51


. . 625,551


. . 47


.. 1,161,001


.. 03


1861.


912,942


. . 79 .. 626,412


. . 44


.. 1,599,855 .. 25


1862.


921,983 .. 03


. . 645,232


57


.. 1,567,215


.. 60


1863.


846,445


. . 79


.. 777,554


24


.. 1,624,000


.. 08


1861.


723,812


.. 49


.. 931,157 .. 85 .. 1,654,970 .. 39


1865.


471,473


.. 00 .. 751,791


.. 50 .. 1,220,264 .. 50


66


new meas .. 192.545


.. 69


. . 200,786 .. 85 ..


893,332 . . 54


STATEMENT Exhibiting the tonnage of American and Foreign Vessels en- tered and cleared from the several districts of the State of Ner York, during the year ending June 30, 1865. (Official.)


ENTERED.


CLEARED.


Districts.


American Vessels. Tons.


Foreign Versuls.


Totol.


Vessels.


TomA.


Tors


10: 4.


Genesee


27,540


92,016


110,356


76,642


92,19;


16 .. 79


Oswego.


213,855


202,604


436.552


156.265


221,299


4. 304


Niagara.


50,075


49,63S


106,070


932


40,603


:. 15


Oswega:chie


..


33, 00:


05.605


....


3.,625


Champlain


51,306


45,:35


103 041


51,727


Cape Vincen".


144,994


$5,601


240,505


144.145


92,199


Dunkirk.


571


1,305


1.576


202


1,5.5


Sag Harbor


..


..


....


....


....


614


New York


774,136


1,301,341


2,075,477


620,150


1,1;3,727


2,102,915


Total State of New York. 1,643. $15


1,204,019


3.577.534


1,46;5,44")


2,092 0'S 3 50M,507


Other States.


1,299,846


1,282,949


2,532,794


1,556,655 1,503,065


3,639,730


--


Total United States. 2,943,661


0,216,907


6,100, GPS 3,025,134 3,503,123


6,020,257


American


Foreign Vc sel :.


Tons.


Tons.


3:5,606


Buffalo Creek.


072.032


SS, 904


00,21


614


.. 61


69


APPENDIX.


ARRIVALS OF SHIPPING AT NEW YORK IN 1865.


FROM FOREIGN POPIS.


Steamers.


Ships. 479


Barks.


Brigs.


Schooners.


451


1,024


1,635


1,070


COASTWISE.


Steamers.


Ships.


Barks.


Brigs.


Schooners.


1,604


85


144


299


5,840


Total, foreign ports


4,662


coastwise.


7,972


Grand total for 1865


12,634


Whole number, 1861


12,825


Decrease


191


ARRIVALS DURING PREVIOU'S YEARS.


Foreign, all Classes.


Consticier,


1863


4,602


7,072


1864


4,841


..


7,984


1863


5,173


....


7,937


1862


5,487


. ...


7,14S


1861


5,122


...


6,977


1860


4,451


....


8,445


1859


4,027


. ...


7.809


1858


3,483


. . . .


7,243


1857


3,902


....


6,097


1856


3,869


. ...


6,109


COMMERCE OF NEW YORK FOR THE YEAR 1565.


IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK FOR THE YEAR ISCS.


THE following statistics of the commerce of the port of New York for the year 1865, showing the imports and exports classified. with a comparison with previous years, have been compiled from the official returns at the Custom House :


FOREIGN IMPORTS AT NEW YORK.


1662.


1563.


1561.


1565.


Dry-Goods


$56,121,227


.. 867,274,547


.. ** 1,389,:32


.. $01.995,155


General Merchandise ..


117,140,$13


..


115,$14.213


.. 144,270,350


.. 130.4,000


Specie


1,330,277


..


1,525,811


.. 2,263,622 .. 2 121,251


Total imports.


$1,4,652,017


. $157,614.577


.. $214.125,:00


.. $_24,742,419


1 70


APPENDIX.


It appears from this statement that the total for the year exceeds the total of any year since the war, because of the very heavy dry-goods imports last year. Our imports of cotton alone have decreased about six millions. We now give, for comparison, the previous years since 1851, classifying them into dutiable, free, and specie. Under the head of dutiable is included both the value entered for consumption and that entered for warehousing. The free goods run very light, as nearly all the imports now are dutiable.


FOREIGN IMPORTS AT NEW YORK.


Duliable.


Free Goods.


Specie.


Total.


1851


$119,502,261


. . $9,710,771 .. $2,049,543 .. $131,361.578


1852


115,356,052 .. 12,105,342


. . 2,408,225 . . 129,842,619


1853


179,512,412


. . 12,156,387 ..


2,120,053 . . 194,037,552


1854


163,491,9 4


.. 15,768,916 . . 2,107,572 . 181,371.472


1855


142,800,661


.. 14,103,946 .. 855,631 . . 157,860,239


1850


193.839,616 .. 17,902,578 .. 1,814,425 . . 213,556,619


1857


196,279,362


.. 21,440,734 .. 12,898,033 . . 230,618,129


1858


128,578,256


.. 22,024,601 . . 2,264,120 .. 152.867,007


1859


213,640,363


. 28,708,732 .. 2,816,421 . . 245,165,516


1860


201,401,683


.. 28,006,4-17 ..


8,852,330 .. 238,260,460


1861


95,326,159


.. 30,353,918


.. 37,088,413 .. 102,768,790


1862


149,970,415 . 23,291,625 . . 1,390,277 . . 174,652,317


1863


174.521,766


.. 11,567,000 .. 1,525,811 . . 187,614,577


1864


204,128,236


.. 11,731,902 .. 2,265,622 .. 218,125,700


1865


212,20S,301


.. 10,410,837


.. 2,123,281 .. 224,742,419


IMPORTS OF DRY-GOODS AT THE PORT OF NEW YORK FOR THE YEAR 1565.


Misil.


Fool. Cotton. Silk. FUI.


1865 ...


. 36,074,555 .. 15,330,04 .. 20,556,261 .. 15,400,002 .. 1, 031,00 .. $1.055.155


THE following statement shows the receipts for duties for the last four years :


RECEIPTS FOR CUSTOMS AT NEW YORK.


1862. 1563.


IS6 1. 15G5.


$52,254,116 72 .. $58,886,034 42 .. 66,937,127 71 .. $101,772,905 94


The annexed detailed statement shows the exports of domestic pro- duce, and specie and bullion, during each month of the last four years :


71


APPENDIX.


EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC PRODUCE.


1862. $149,179,591


1863. .. $164,249,177 . $201,855,989 .. $174,247,454


166.1.


1865.


EXPORTS OF SPECIE AND BULLION.


1862. $59,437,021 ..


1663. IS61. $49,754,066 .. §50,825,621 .. $30,003,633


TOTAL EXPORTS.


1862.


1963.


I.S6.1.


1965.


$216,371,8-13 .. $220,405,034 .. 8272,648,163


.. $208,630,282


BANKING IN NEW YORK.


THE NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE.


OPERATIONS OF THE YEAR 1865-1866 .- AGGREGATE OPERATIONS OF THE THIRTEEN YEARS, 1853-1966.


TIIs institution has been organized thirteen years, during which time its aggregate transactions have amounted to $158, 070.314,871.93.


Its transactions for the year ending Oct. 1, 1866, were $29,753,282,- 020.44, being in excess of the year ending Oct. 1, 1865, $2,715,132,- 570.86; 84,800,306.159.52 greater than the year ending Oct. 1, 1904, and $17,024,024.722.65 more than the average for thirteen years.


The association numbers fifty-seven banks, with a capital of $51,- 777,000. Of this number, nine are organized under the banking law - of the State of New York, and the remainder (forty-nine) under the National Banking Law.


At the time of its organization, fifty-two banks composed the asso- ciation, with an aggregate capital of $49, 103,802 ; 832.000, 8% less than its present capital.


The first weekly statement published by the associated banks was on October 15, 1853, and was as follows:


Capital, $49,100,362; Loans and Discounts, SST. 07, 273; Specie, $11,830,172 ; Circulation and Net Deposits, $10,900,212.


1565.


72


APPENDIX.


The statement on October 13, 1866, was:


Capital, $31,770,000; Loans and Discounts, $276,443,219; Specic and Legal Tenders, SS8, 750,424 ; Circulation and Net Deposits, $257,035,895.


The percentage of specie to net liabilities on October 15, 1853, was 24.16 per cent. The percentage of specie and legal tenders, October 13, 1866, was 34.53 per cent.


The circulation of the banks of the association, previous to the passage of the "National Currency Act," averaged about $8,000,000. The smallest amount of circulation reported in the weekly statement was $2,720,666, on March 4, 1865.


The largest amount was in the last statement, October 15, 1866, viz., $28,940,538, an increase of $26,219,872 in nineteen months.


The following banks are the only ones in the city that are not mem- bers of the association :


1. Dry Dock Bank.


2. Bull's Head Bank.


3. New York County Nat. Bank.


7. Manufacturers' National Bank. 8. American National Bank.


9. Croton National Bank.


4. Fifth National Bank. 10. Bowery National Bank.


5. Sixth National Bank. 11. National Currency Bank.


6. Eighth National Bank.


12. Wooster Sherman Bank.


Aggregate operations for thirteen years-October, 1853, to October, 1866. I .- The aggregate exchanges. II .- The aggregate cash balances. III .- The average daily exchanges.


Oct., 1853 to Oct., 1866. . $151,290,133,640 51 ..


Exchanges. Cash Ba'ances Pail. $6,780,211,230 52 1


Average Daily Exchanges. Average Daily Bel.


Oct., 1865 to Oct., 1866 ... 93,541,195 16 . ... 0,172,752 79


The Clearing House is one of the important financial institutions of the City of New York. The amount of labor, time, and expense saved to the banks by this medinin is almost . incalculable. In the first place. over twenty-five hundred accounts on the ledgers of the banks were instantly closed. The daily exchanges formerly occupied the time of one or two bank clerks five or six hours per day, accompanied with freqnent disputes. Now the daily transactions of over one hundred millions are accomplished in one hour, and with perfect accuracy and satisfaction .- J. S. Homane, Bankers' Magazine.


73


APPENDIX.


RELATIVE VALUE OF THE REAL AND PERSONAL ESTATE IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK, AS ASSESSED IN 1865-66.


WARDS.


ASSESSMENTS OF ISCS.


ASSESSMENTS OF 150G.


INCREASE


First


35,249,250


40,077,550


4,828,300


Second


19,986,200


21,295,500


1,309,300


Third


25,722,800


28,559,900


2,537 100


Fourth


9,411,200


9,488,350


77,150


Fifth.


21,217,300


22,182,900


965.600


Sixth


13,416,600


13,731,600


318,000


Seventh


12,417.599


12,562,799


145.200


Eighth


18,391,600


18,866,700


475,100


Ninth


15,940,200


16,295,600


355,400


Tenth .


9,124,600


9,691,800


567.200


Eleventh.


9,460,325


11,042,000


1,581,675


Thirteenth


5,553,400


5,645,700


02,800


Fourteenth.


12,680,300


13,379,800


693,000


Fifteenth.


28,277,000


31,570,800


3.293,300


Sixteenth.


18.867.450


19,807,310


939,800


Seventeenth


18,768.200


22,022.300


3.251,100


Eighteenth


38,387,050


41,004,200


2,617.150


Nineteenth.


23,070.940


37,636,050


14,565,110


Twentieth.


18,177,900


18,990,910


813,010


Twenty-first.


35,322,250


42,704,950


7,382.700


Twenty-second . .


19,825,515


24,052,715


4.227,200


Total.


427.450.984


478,993,084


51,512,100


PERSONAL ESTATE.


PERSONAL ESTATE.


PERSONAL ESTATE


Resident


162,982,154


206,609.278


43.627,124


Non-Resident.


18,441,317


51,385,690


32,944,379


Total


181,423,471


257,994,974


76.571.563


Total Real and Personal for 1865 ..


608. 574.155


Total Real and Personal for 1866 .. 736,958.005


Total Increase


128,113,603


Total Valuation for 1865.


.608.574.455


Total Valuation for 1866. . 736.958,055


Increase in 1866


125.113.603


Total Valuation in County 31,958, 58


A. J. WILLIAMSON, ) Commissioners


J. W. ALLEN.


J. W. BROWN,


Tures and Assessments.


Twelfth.


18,177,305


18,381,650


204,375


74


APPENDIX.


This paper, from Colonel Andrew Warner, is important as illustrating the relation of Savings Banks to the property of the city and the credit of the nation.


ABSTRACT OF OFFICIAL REPORTS OF SAVINGS BANKS IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, VIZ .:


Jan. 1.


No. of Bank A.


Open Accounts.


Ainount due Depositors.


Bonds and Mortgages.


Public Stocks.


1855. 1856.


16 16


122,921 132,737


26,111,719 20 28,158,578 25


13,263,515 27 12,937,551 60|


11,424.555 12,835,896 22


715,464 41


1858.


16


154,4.43


32,615,184 53 56,806.426 29


15.750,352 83


1,031 369 74


1660.


17


196,619


43,410.090 8S


16,468,934 76


24.506,582 €1


1,942,501 71


1861.


21


217,964


44.9-5.538 79


18.522.817 42


2,297.000 49


1862.


21


205.169


45 0$5,026 13


17,01 ,330 02


21.615.651 45 2: 925,13 00


2.275.451 54


1503.


·21


229.405


51,035.233 27


17,164,019 90


29.206,917 51


.,710,551 45


1865.


204,290


72.028,554 59


15,6 7.601 10


52.444.159 57


5,249,107 49


1.055. 9 21


1866.


23


299.538


76.989.505 56


16.559,602 51 : 57,300,411 )


0,01 7, 3 38


1 103,713 .3


The first bank established in this city was the Bank for Savings, which commenced operations in Chambers Street, 3d July, 1819.


The Seamen's, the next chartered, in.


1829


The Greenwich.


1833


The Bowery .. 1834


East River.


1SIS


Inst. for Sav. Merch. Clerks. 1845


Dry Dock.


1548


Manhattan.


1850


Broad way


66


Irving.


1851 Mariners' 66


1552


Mechanics' and Traders'


66


1553


Sixpenny


٤٠


.1-51


Bloomingdale


1551 German ..


1569


Citizens'


66


1560 Atlantic


Franklin.


1563


Harlem


1803


Market.


1503


Peoples'


INVESTMENTS.


Surplua.


1.957,283 02


:20.421 29


1859.


16


169,997


15.400.206 80


11.9$3. 574 94 15,85% -60 01


1864.


209,570


02,174.623 97


16,1-1,279 68


41,700.235 10


1850


Emigrant Industrial.


1851


1852


Rose Hill


1:59


Union Dime


75


.


APPENDIX.


II. HEALTH OF THE CITY.


DEATHIS IN 1865 : GENERAL SUMMARY.


Total number of deaths reported in


Total number of adults 10.032


1565, was ..


24.843 Total number of children .. 11.504


Divided thus :


Total number of declared per-


White persons. 24,421


SOUS.


Colored persons 422


From which dedue: :


Premature births


5,1


Male adults.


5,4:3 Suicides, various


Male children


7,902 Casualties.


Drowned


1-5


Total males 13,335


Sunstroke


11


Burned or Scalded.


lui


Female adults.


.4,606 Killed or Murdered.


7


Female children


6,902 Heat, effects of.


3


Poison.


12


Total females 11,505


To.al .. 1,201


Total ..


24, $13 Total number of deaths from disease ..:. ,452


Total


21,543


N. B .- Age for division of adults and children, 20 years.


F. A. BOOLE, City Inspector.


LETTER FROM DR. ELISHA HARRIS.


To REV. S. OSGOOD, D. D.


DEAR SIR: The population of the City of New York. according to the Census of 1790, was, at the beginning of the I .- t decennium of the 18th century, 33,131. In the year 1800, the Census returned 60,459, which showed an increase of 83 per cent. upon the city's population in 10 years. The next decennial period-the first of the present century -there was an increase of 59 per centum ; but during the succeeding four years, a brief period of war, there was a decrease amounting to 1 per centum, or a retrogression of nearly 10,000 in the total population. Since that period there has been a steady and rapid increase in the pop- ulation, until the commencement of the war of the Rebellion.


In a retrospective estimate of the state of the public health, tho Mortuary Record is a trustworthy index, if we note the nature and


390


Total. 24,543


Malformations


76


APPENDIX.


fatality of each great epidemic visitation. The following statement. in columns of population, deaths, and death-rates on population, are authentic :


Total percentage : of the increase in Total population' Total mortality population in the | of the city. previous years. that year.


Death-rate estimate! Lumber Jeatis i. lowa! population.


1814


Decrease of about 0.1 in three years.


95,519


1,901


20;


1820


Increase in six years 30 per cent.


123,706


3,522


281, Two epidemic .


1825


Increase in five years 34 per cent.


166,086


4,920


23}


1830


Increase in five years 19 per. cent.


197,112


5,522


28, One epidemic.


1835


Increase in five years 30 per cent.


268,089


7,096


261


1840


Increase in live years 17 per cent.


312,710


8,469


277!


1845


Increase in five years 16 per cent.


371,223


9,652


26


1855


Increase in ten years 50 per cent.


620,810


24,418


Including 1) epidemics of cho.ern, 9, 0 Filled.


1805


Increase in ten years 10.53 per et.


726.354


25,767


The accuracy or inaccuracy of the census returns need not be mon- tioned here. But we cannot fail to note the marked increase in the death-rate, year by year, for nearly twenty years past. This ceras. 1 increase of mortality must not be assumed to indicate a decrease in the expectation and length of life in the more favored classes of the populo- tion. There is reason to believe that all this increase of the death-rehe is caused in particular classes of inhabitants. he is found to be mais's in those classes from which the paupers are derived, viz. : the ignorant and poor classes. Methods of classification, and analysis of cases of a th at the various periods of life, are now so employed in the Berean as to set forth, after a year or two, the actual conditions under which occur all the great excesses of mortality in the different classes and occupations, and at the several periods of life. Already we know that, as regards periods of life, the excess of mortality is in children under five years of age. The chances of life after that early period, are as good in New York as in most maritime cities.


TT


APPENDIX. ·


London, Paris, and Liverpool are the chief great capitals with which the increase and movement of population, the physical influences of com- merce and the trades, and the rates of mortality in New York can be justly compared ; yet none of those cities feels so greatly the influence of a foreign and unacclimated element in the population.


In London, with a population, now, of 3,067,000 and upwards upon 121 square miles, the death-rate, for twelve or fourteen years, has not varied much from 233 per 1,000 annually. In Paris the death-rate is, year by year, about 1 in the 1,000 higher than that of London.


Liverpool last year had a death-rate of 863 per 1,000 inhabitants. The city of Dublin, last year, had a death-rate of 28 per 1,000.


In the thirteen chief cities of Great Britain, the average rate is a little more than 24 per 1,000 annually. England and Wales suffer yearly a loss of 223 lives to every 1,000 inhabitants.


Austria, in 1853, buried 34 out of every 1,000; in 1538, 813; and in 1863 317, to the 1,000 of her population.


France, in the same years, lost ouly 22, 24], and 221 to the 1,000 respectively.


Most of the countries of Europe have, for years, been increasing their population at the rate of about 1 per cent. per annum. The most rapidly growing capitals have increased at a much more rapid rate, but even London has less than half the average rate of population growth which New York has.


The standards of life-endurance in Europe are not high standards, though in cities they have risen to nearly double the length of European city lives two hundred years ago. Even in the notorious Parish of St. Giles, in London, a district has been so renovated the past ten years that the chances of life have more than doubled.


New York should have its own standard, and, with its healthful climate, and great advantages, the motto of its sanitary government should be EXCELSIOR.


In the Fifteenth Ward of this city, with a dense and well-mixed population, the present standard of life, in that ward, has, for six years, averaged nearly twice as high as the average of the city. The mean death-rate in the ward has been but 17 per 1,000. And in this e; i- demic year, life has been more secure in that ward than ever before, the deat .. ^~ having thus far been as 16 per 1,000 annually.


Let ine express the belief that, unless sanitary science and social im- provements are delusions, New York will, at some future day, contain a population of 2,000,000, and the metropolitan district 4.000,000, with a death-rate not exceeding 16 per 1,000 annually, -but half the present rate !


Our war has demonstrated the wonderful cudurance and vitality of


78


APPENDIX.


the American man. The metropolis of our country can get present the healthiest of all the crowded populations; for all the resources of sanitary science and medicine have become tributary to social progress in the civilization and Christianity of our day.


With highest regard, I remain, very truly yours,


E. HARRIS.


BUREAU OF RECORDS AND VITAL STATISTICS


METROPOLITAN BOARD OF HEALTH, November 19th, 1866.


MORTALITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK IN 1864 AND 1865.


YEAR.


156-1.


1503.


Total


25,645


24,843


Decrease .... sop


Males.


13,662


13,335


60


... 027


Females


11,983


11,50S


6:


. .415


Men


5,959


5,433


. . 626


Women.


5,114


4,600


..


.50%


Adults.


11,073


10,039


1,03!


Children.


14.572


14,804


Increase.


... 232


under 1 year


6,058


6,217


. . .. 15?


Ratio to 1,000 living in 1804, 23.7; in 1863, 25.1 ; decrease, 1.4.


These returns indicate the city to have been entirely free from any epidemic or even endemic, and the general health to have been unusually good.


A TABLE, showing the total DEATHS from 1850 to 1866, also the number of ADUITS, CHILDREN, and CHILDREN under one year of age who died in the same period.


Year.


Deaths.


Adults.


Children.


1


Children unier ly sr.


1851


21,748


13.073


0,991


1852


20.298


$.002


12.201


6,351


1853.


21,137


S.124


13.003


6.661


J$54


26,953


10.081


16.271


7.551


1-55


21.478


7.280


14.180


6,771


1856.


20,102


1557


21,775


7,558


11,217


6,905


1855.


22,196


S.081


14.105


7.109


2859.


21.645


8,152


13,443


6.599


1560


22.710


8,752


13 958


6.057


1861


22,117


8,503


13,614


6,180


1862.


21,244


8,618


12.620


5,720


1863


25,196


10.596


14,600


6,11S


1864


25,645


11.073


14.572


6,058


1865.


24,843


10.039


14. 504


6.217


14.960


0.497


79


APPENDIX.


CHOLERA MORTALITY DURING SIX YEARS.


Year.


January. February.


March.


April.


May.


June.


Total for elx months.


1861.


22


21


15


23


29


66


176


1862.


18


22


34


26


32


65


199


1863


49


27


23


36


60


69


267


1864.


51


30


3S


58


54


111


34S


1865


41


46


37


40


45


141


350


1866


55


33


45


90


84


196


598


Total. .


236


190


195


272


301


651


1,84S


The number of deaths in the Cholera Hospitals is stated to have been :


100


In the Red House Hospital.


32


Total


141


DEATHS IN THE CITY BY WARDA.


The following table shows the number of deaths from cholera in this city, by wards, from May 1 to December 1, 1866, inclusive, showing the rate of those deaths to the 10,000 inhabitants living :


Wards.


Total .....


ceDrus of ING5 ...


Total population (in wards,)


Total casca of cholora to


Rate of population to square


pitais.


com a sent to cloudera hos-


Total chakra deaths, in


1 cholira hospital ences)


Total storthe. (inci sive of


First ..


14


9.552


14


41,010


37


Second


1


3,267


135,477


Fourth


25


17,052


F.fth


12


0.1


19.754


451


151,951


125


5.


Seventh


19


36,501


1-5.512


11


Tenth ..


13


31,55,


196,510


Eleventh


13


54.013


5,195


Twelfth.


10


113


1.5,5 %)


87


Fourteenth.


3


41.9.2


69 953


1.5


Sixteenth.


70.563




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