USA > New York > Otsego County > Otsego County, New York; geographical and historical, from the earliest settlement to the present time, with county and township maps from origional drawings > Part 2
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First Light Artillery .- This regiment was organized at El- mira, but contained 78 Otsego men. Its first commander was Colonel Guilford D. Bailey who was killed at Fair Oaks while spiking some cannon that had to be abandoned to the enemy. He was succeeded by Colonel Charles S. Wainwright, who was promoted to Brigadier General in 1864. This regiment was in
-
1.8
GENERAL HISTORY
battle at Williamsburg, Manassas, Chancellorsville and other places.
Second Light Artillery: This regiment was organized in New York city, but was largely recruited from the interior of the state, including 150 men from Otsego county. Its battle flag was inscribed with the names of Second Bull Run, Spottsyl- vania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Reams Station and other places.
The Third Light Artillery entered the service as the Nine- teenth Infantry Regiment under Col. John S. Clark and was transferred to the Artillery in 1863 and in this capacity served with great credit under Schofield, being attached to the 23rd corps and afterwards on the Atlantic coast, at Hilton Head, Fort Macon, Kingston, Goldsboro, and Charleston. It con- tained 66 men from Otsego county.
The First Engineer Corps : This was a body of 1, 800 picked men from all parts of the country under the command of Col. E. W. Serrell. Companies G and I contained about 100 Otsego men. It was employed in engineer work in Virginia and the Carolinas, and especially in the siege of Forts Sumter and Wagner in Charleston harbor, where it planted the cannon known as the "Swamp Angel" with which the walls of Fort Sumter were battered down.
THE G. A. R. Posts.
There are twelve G. A. R. posts in the county, namely :
Cooperstown, L. C. Turner Post, No. 26.
Cherry Valley, Emory Upton Post, No. 224. Gilbertsville, W. A. Musson Post, No. 223. Hartwick, H. N. Duroe Post, No. 653. Morris, Geo. Kidder Post, No. 61. Oneonta, E. D. Farmer Post, No. 119. Otego, C. A. Shepherd Post, No. 189. Portlandville, Olcott Post, No. 522. Richfield Springs, Weldon Post, No. 256. Schenevus, Brown Post, No. 15. Unadilla, C. C. Siver Post, No. 124. Worcester, Johnson Post, No. 25.
19
GENERAL HISTORY
VILLAGES AND POSTOFFICES.
The following is a complete list of villages and hamlets of Otsego county. There is a postoffice at each place except where some other place is designated. Thus, Bowerstown (mail Cooperstown. )
Name
Township
Population
Bourne
Exeter
20
Bowerstown (mail Cooperstown)
Middlefield
70
Brighton (mail Richfield Springs) Richfield 48
Burlington .
Burlington . 111
Burlington Flats
Burlington 212
Center Valley
Cherry Valley 107
Chase.
Hartwick. 26
Chaseville.
Maryland 123
Clintonville (mail Milford) .
Hartwick.
Cherry Valley
Cherry Valley 772
Colliersville.
Milford. 130
Cooperstown
Otsego. 2368
Cooperstown Junction
Milford . 115
Decatur.
Decatur . 91
East Springfield
Springfield 190
East Worcester
Worcester 430
Edmeston
Edmeston . 749
Elk Creek.
Maryland. 52
Exeter
Exeter 60
Fly Creek.
Otsego.
238
Garrattsville
New Lisbon 253
Gilbertsville
Butternuts 476
Hartwick.
Hartwick 605
Hartwick Seminary
Hartwick 124
Hope Factory (P. O. Index)
Otsego. 130
Hyde Park (mail Index).
Hartwick
150
Ketchum
Pittsfield. 19
Laurens
Laurens. 233
Lena .
New Lisbon 15
Lentsville.
Middlefield 36
Maple Grove
Morris 44
Maple Valley
Westford.
29
Maryland .
Maryland 227
Middlefield
Middlefield . 243
20
GENERAL HISTORY
Vame
Township
Population
Middlefield Center.
Middlefield.
: 108
Middle Village (mail East Springfield). Springfield
60
Milford. .
Milford
532
Milford Center (mail Portlandville) . . Milford
100
Monticello (P. O. Richfield).
Richfield. 218
Morris
Morris.
553
Mount Vision
Laurens .
300
New Lisbon
New Lisbon 169
North Edmeston.
Edmeston 15
Oaksville.
Otsego. 149
Oneonta
Oneonta. 7147
Oneonta Plains (mail Oneonta)
Oneonta 100
Otego
Otego
658
Otsdawa
Otego. 62
Patent. .
Burlington 23
Phoenix Mills
Middlefield
150
Pierstown (mail Cooperstown)
Otsego
75
Pittsfield.
Pittsfield
73
Plainfield Center
Plainfield
32
Pleasant Brook
Roseboom 127
Portlandville
Milford.
352
Richfield Springs
Richfield. 1537
Roseboom.
Roseboom 226
Salt Springville
Cherry Valley 119
Schenevus.
Maryland 613
Schuyler Lake
Exeter 40€
Snowdon.
Otsego. 27
South Edmeston
Edmeston 206
South Hartwick
Hartwick
63
South Valley
Roseboom 227
South Worcester
Worcester. 150
Springfield. .
Springfield 160
Springfield Center
Springfield. 350
Stetsonville (mail New Lisbon).
New Lisbon. 40
Toddsville
Hartwick. 302
Unadilla .
Unadilla 1172
Unadilla Center
Unadilla.
73
Unadilla Forks
Plainfield 312
Welcome.
New Lisbon 13
Wells Bridge. Unadilla. 165
21
GENERAL HISTORY
Name
Township
Population
West Burlington.
Burlington
110
West Edmeston
Edmeston
222
West Exeter
Exeter. 167
Westford
Westford
167
West Laurens
Laurens 117
West Oneonta
Oneonta.
207
Westville
Westford.
72
Wharton
Burlington
26
Worcester
Worcester.
1020
POLITICAL RELATIONS.
Otsego county forms an assembly district, and with Her- kimer it forms the thirty-third state senatorial district; with Delaware, Schoharie and Ulster it forms the twenty-fourth congressional district, and it is a part of the sixth judicial dis- trict, which includes also the counties of Delaware, Madison, Chenango, Tompkins, Broome, Chemung, Schuyler, Tioga and Cortland.
NEWSPAPERS IN OTSEGO COUNTY.
(Weekly unless otherwise indicated. )
Township
Name
Location
Established
Butternuts
Otsego Journal
Gilbertsville
1876
Cherry Valley Cherry Valley Gazette
Cherry Valley
1818
Edmeston Edmeston Local
Edmeston 1882
Hartwick
Hartwick Review
Hartwick 1902
Hartwick
Hartwick Visitor
Hartwick 1902
Hartwick
Hartwick Sem. Monthly
Hartwick Seminary
1887
Laurens
Otego Valley News
Laurens
1899
Maryland
Schenevus Monitor
Schenevus
1863
Milford
Otsego Tidings
Milford
1889
Milford
*Teachers' Gazette
Milford
1897
Morris
Morris Chronicle
Morris
1864
Oneonta
Oneonta Herald
Oneonta
1853
Oneonta Leader
1902
Oneonta Press
66
1876
Oneonta Spy
66
1887
Oneonta Daily Star
1890
GENERAL HISTORY
Township
Name
Location
Established
Oneonta
*The Oneontan
Oneonta 1893
Otego
Rural Times
Otego
1881
Otsego
Freeman's Journal
Cooperstown 1808
Otsego Farmer
1877
Republican
1828
Richfield
Richfield Springs Mercury
Richfield Springs
1866
+ Richfield Springs Daily
1888
Unadilla
Unadilla Times
Unadilla
1854
Worcester
Worcester Times
Worcester
1876
* Monthly school papers.
+July and August only.
THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM.
The public schools of Otsego county are subject to the general school laws of the state, which date from legislative en- actments of 1853 and 1867. Each township is divided into school districts and each school is under the authority of trus- tees chosen by the parents and taxpayers of the district.
The schools are free of tuition to all pupils of school age (5 to 18 inclusive), provided they attend within the districts in which they reside. Those attending in other districts pay a moderate tuition fee. School text-books are not supplied free unless the district so orders and supplies the means.
The public schools of the county are of four kinds, viz:
1-Rural schools in which only the common English branches are taught.
2-Grade schools in which there are two or more depart- ments.
.
3-Union free schools, graded, supplied with apparatus, charts, ete, and employing a number of teachers.
4-High or Academic schools subject to the Regents of the University of New York and enjoying certain advantages by virtue of this relation.
Any Union Free School may, upon application and inspec- tion, become a regents or high school. In order to do this it must maintain an academic department, must have at least $250 worth of reference books, a microscope and other apparatus for scientific instruction. All public schools receive money from the state to assist in the purchase of reference books and ap- paratus.
23
GENERAL HISTORY
COMPULSORY EDUCATION LAW.
Every child in proper mental and physical condition shall attend school as follows:
Between 8 and 12 years of age: As many days annually as the school is in session from the first of October to the first of June.
Between 12 and 14: At least eighty consecutive school days; also when not legally employed.
Between 14 and 16: When not legally employed.
THE OLD ACADEMIES.
Previous to the establishment of the present public school system of the state, Otsego county was the seat of numerous private institutions of learning, among the most noted of which were the Cherry Valley Academy, the Gilbertsville Academy, the Cooperstown Seminary, the Unadilla Academy and the Hartwick Seminary. The Unadilla and Gilbertsville Acade- mies have both, within the past few years, been consolidated with the public schools of their respective towns. The Cooperstown Academy, originally a Methodist institution, after various changes in ownership, was discontinued, and the building, which for many years was a summer hotel, was burned in 1893. The Cherry Valley Academy was discontinued in 1895, and the Hart- wick Seminary, a Lutheran institution, founded by John Christopher Hartwick in 1797, and liberally endowed by him, alone remains.
RAILROADS.
The railroads in or adjoining Otsego county and which con- tribute to its prosperity, are as follows :
The "Delaware and Hudson" system, which extends from Albany to Binghamton and to the coal regions of Pennsylvania, with northern extension to Rouse Point and other branches.
The "New York, Ontario and Western," with its "New Berlin Branch," from Sidney to Edmeston.
The "Unadilla Valley" road from New Berlin to Bridgewater.
The "Delaware, Lackawanna and Western" road with a branch from Richfield Junction to Richfield Springs.
GENERAL HISTORY
The "Ulster and Delaware" road from Kingston on the Hudson to Oneonta.
The "Cooperstown and Charlotte Valley" road connecting with the "Ulster and Delaware road at West Davenport.
The "Oneonta, Cooperstown and Richfield Springs"electric road, which is to connect with the New York Central at Mo- hawk and Herkimer.
The "Unadilla Valley Railroad Company" is extending its line from New Berlin to Oneonta via Morris and the Butter- nuts valley, also northward from Bridgewater to Utica.
THE ALBANY AND SUSQUEHANNA RAILROAD.
The construction of this important road opened Otsego county, previously isolated, to the trade and commerce of the world. But it was undertaken before the value of such an improve- ment was generally appreciated. The discussion and legislation that led to its accomplishment extended over a period of many years, and it was only after a hard struggle that the means were obtained and the work begun.
The first man who advocated the building of railroads in the county was Jacob Dietz of Oneonta, who in 1827 published arti- cles on the subject in the "Freeman's Journal" of Cooperstown. . In 1832 several roads were chartered but never built. In 1845 a charter was obtained for a road from Binghamton to Schenec- tady, traversing the county, but this also failed. Finally in 1851 (April 19th) the present Albany & Susquehanna road was chartered, and after 13 years of agitation and controversy the public interest was sufficiently aroused, the means pro- vided and the work begun. This was in 1863. The road was completed from Albany to Cobleskill in the summer of 1864, to Oneonta in August, 1865, and to its terminus at Binghamton in January, 1869.
Among the most active promoters of this great work were : Richard | Franchot of Morris, who was the first president of the road, Jared Goodyear of Colliersville, Eliakim R. Ford and Harvey Baker (the energetic contractor), of Oneonta, and Arnold B. Watson of Unadilla. In 1870 the "Delaware & Hudson Canal Company" * obtained a lease of the Albany &
* The Delaware and Hudson canal extends from Honesdale, Penn., via Port Jervis, to Eddyville, near Kingston, N. Y., and was built chiefly for the transportation of coal. The railroad system of this company has superceded the canal, which is now out of use except a small portion near Rondout.
25
GENERAL HISTORY
Susquehanna Railroad for 99 years, paying at first 7 per cent and now 9 per cent interest on the par value of its stock. It added also other lines to its system and the whole is now called the "Delaware & Hudson Railroad."
AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES.
According to the census of 1900 there were in Otsego county 5,634 farms having a total of 612,224 acres, of which 470,787 acres were improved. The value of farms and farm property was as follows:
Land and improvements except buildings $9,487,540
Buildings.
$7,350,970
Implements and machinery $1,223,000
Live stock $3,414,454
Total
$21,475, 964
The value of farm products for the year 1899 was. $4,261.749
Expenditures for labor and fertilizers $719,210
Net Earnings .. .$3,542,539
Dividing the net earnings by the number of farms gives $628.77 as the average return to the farmer for his own labor and capital.
FARM PRODUCTS OF . OTSEGO COUNTY FOR THE YEAR 1899;
CENSUS OF 1900.
Acres
CEREALS
Oats
25,539
Quarts 1,002,190
Corn
9,769
414.450
Buckwheat
5,251
99,220
Barley
857
7,530
Rye
772
11,160
Wheat
320
5,620
HAY
Tons
Hay and grain cut
for hay
149,789
183,014
Forage
(cornstalks, etc.)
6,639
33,507
Potatoes
6,396
753,613
Onions
20
4,837
Bushels
VEGETABLES
26
GENERAL HISTORY
Acres
Bushels
Beans
176
2,119
Peas
52
1,133
Miscellaneous Vegetables 951
HOPS & TOBACCO Hops
7,038
Pounds 4,115,300 580
FRUITS
Apples
Trees 331,659
Bushels 446,046
Pears
11,110
6,683
Peaches & Nectarines
914
660
Plums and Prunes
7,040
583
Cherries
2,425
313
Apricots
15
Acres
Quarts
BERRIES
and other small Fruits
153
292,370
Number
Value
LIVE STOCK
Cattle
87,707
Horses
14,321
Sheep
29,966
Swine
14,156
Mules
30
Asses
8
Goats
13 $3,414.454
DAIRY PRODUCTS Gallons of Milk 25,865,122
Gallons of Cream sold 2,158
Pounds Butter made 2, 412, 218
Cheese made (?) 62,001 $1,793,836
POULTRY
Number
Chickens, including Guineas
221,310
Turkeys
4,993
Ducks
2,353
Geese
911
Value of Poultry, June 1, 1900
$94,279
Value of Poultry raised in 1899
$111,494
Doz. of Eggs produced in 1899 Fleeces shorn
16,643
Pounds of Wool
121,534
Swarms of Bees June 1, 1900
4,321
Pounds Honey produced in 1899
79,360
.
1,651,250
WOOL
BEES & HONEY
Tobacco
1
27
GENERAL HISTORY
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES.
The Otsego county Agricultural Society holds a fair an- nually at Cooperstown. Fairs are also held annually by local societies at Morris, Oneonta, Richfield Springs and Schenevus.
PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.
This organization has fifteen local societies or granges in Otsego county. Its objects are educational, financial and social. It insures farm property, advocates good roads, and has been influential in the establishment of free rural mail delivery. Meetings are held every two weeks for the discussion of topics pertaining to the interests of farmers. The state gives to each grange, on application, an agricultural library of 100 volumes. The membership in Otsego county numbers 665 and consists of farmers and their families. The first grange in this county was organized at Elk Creek in 1886 and since that date W. H. Chamberlain of Elk Creek has been county deputy and secretary.
SUMMER RESORTS.
The high altitude and salubrious climate of Otsego county render it an attractive region for summer residence. Richfield Springs has long been a favorite health resort, and Coopers- town, with its surroundings, famous as the scene of the "Leath- erstocking Tales," will never lose its charm while "Glimmer- glass" invites the wanderer to its placid waters. But while these two places are most noted there are many others where summer dwellers find coolness, health and rural beauty. With its increased railroad facilities, which already link together its most attractive spots, Otsego county, with its fifty-three vil- lages, so long isolated from the outer world, is now accessible from all directions, and no small portion of its prosperity is due to its easy communication with the great cities to which it sends its abundant dairy and other products and from which it receives in summer many seekers of rural peace and pleasure.
THE OTSEGO SOCIETY.
The natives of Otsego county, however far they may roam, never forget the old home and do much to perpetuate the mem-
28
GENERAL HISTORY
ory of it. Those who dwell in and near New York city have organized a society containing now 66 members, the purpose of which is thus set forth in its constitution : "The society is organized for the purpose of establishing a closer intimacy among the present residents of New York city and vicinity who have come from the county of Otsego, and for the purpose of cultivating social intercourse among its members."
The society was organized February 26, 1901, with the Hon. Silas B. Dutcher of Brooklyn, a native of the town of Springfield, as president and Edwin J. Johnson esq. of Brook- lyn, a native of Richfield, as secretary.
OTSEGO LAKE, COOPERSTOWN, N. Y.
PART II-THE TOWNSHIPS
Burlington
Area, 27,217 Acres.
Population, 1,263.
PLAINFIELD
1 MILC
-
EXETER
Creep
harion
* Dunder
on
Rock
EDMESTON
Burlington Flats.
BURLINGTON
· Burlington
. West, Burlington.
vernuts Cr.
OTSEGO
Patent .
HARTwick
NEW
LISBON
BURLINGTON was formed from the township of Otsego in 1792 and was then much larger than at present, Pittsfield and Ed- meston having since been set off from it. The surface consists chiefly of hilly uplands and ridges extending north and south, which at various points, attain an eleva- tion of 400 feet above the valleys. The principal streams are Butter- nuts and Wharton creeks.
The early settlers of the township came mostly from Ver- mont, but some from Massachusetts and Connecticut. In 1787 came the five Angel brothers, Jonathan, William, Joseph, James and Thomas, and in 1789 Captain Gad Chapin, and Perez Briggs. In 1790 came Alexander Parker, Deacon Benjamin Herrington with his four brothers, Elijah, Francis, Richard and Elisha; the four Johnson brothers, Elisha, Harris, Ira and John, and the three Church brothers, Amasa, Willard and Cady. About this time came Jedediah Peck, a leading citizen who represented the county in the state legislature from 1799 to 1804. He is honorably remembered as the author of the bill establishing the public school system of the state. Other hon- ored names in the early days were Jeremiah and Elisha Pratt, Samuel Gardner, Lemuel Hubble, Uriah Balcom and Zacheus Flint.
30
BURLINGTON
Other respected families of the olden time, whose names have been perpetuated, are those of Deacon Albert Bolton and his son Daniel, Colonel David Gardner, Dan Mather and his son Andrew A. Mather, Lemuel Bolton and his family of ten children, Capt. Elisha Parker, a soldier of the Revolution and Roswell Kelsey.
Caleb Clark, formerly president of the First National Bank of Edmeston, approaches his ninetieth year at his home in West Burlington, or with his grandchildren in Oneonta, with a cheerfulness that is an explanation of his long life.
Burlington is a prosperous agricultural town. The lead- ing industry is dairying, the milk being mostly sent to the local cheese factories, or to the Borden condensery at Edmeston.
VILLAGES: There are three villages in this township, viz: Burlington (population 111), Burlington Flats (population 212), and West Burlington (population 110). Wharton and Patent are rural postoffices.
SCHOOLS: Number of districts 13. Teachers, 14. Chil- dren of school age, 214.
CHURCHES: There are six churches in the township, viz: At Burlington, Baptist and United Presbyterian ; at West Burlington, Episcopal and Methodist; at Burlington Flats, Baptist and Methodist.
Butternuts
Area, 26,008 Acres.
Population, 1,698.
I MILE BUTTERNUTS was formed South \ N MORRIS from Unadilla in 1796. Its surface is a hilly upland ris- ing from the Unadilla river, Maple which bounds it on the west, Grove in a series of steep bluffs to Creek Gilbertsville BUTTERNUTS/ the height of 500 or 600 feet. Butternuts Creek flows south- west through a deep valley Butternut near the center of the town. OTEGO A large number of smaller UNADILLA streams flow through valleys among the hills, dividing the ridges and giving to the region a peculiarly broken appearance.
Gilbertsville, formerly called Butternuts, is the only village in the township. The following graphic description of it is abridged from a sketch published in the local paper, the "Ot- sego Journal." "The village is located in a beautiful valley. On the west a high hill rises abruptly. Downward through the hills extends a deep ravine into which a little brook flows, in springtime rushing down with the violence of a mountain tor- rent and in summer rippling gently over the stones on its way through the heart of the village. Toward the east the valley stretches away for some distance. Through this valley flows the Butternuts Creek on its winding course. This stream is spanned in three places at roads leading directly into the village by iron bridges. On the hill just south of the village are situ- ated the fine residences of Thos. Swinyard and N. C. Chapman, who make Gilbertsville their summer home. The site of the village was included in the Patent of 35,000 acres of land granted by the state to Lewis and Richard Morris as indemnity for property destroyed during the Revolution. The name But-
.
32
BUTTERNUTS
ternuts was derived from the descriptions in the Morris and Wharton Patents,. all beginning at 'Three Butternut Trees' growing from one stump or root. The Messrs. Morris divided their Patent by lot. General Jacob Morris received from his father, Lewis Morris, a tract of 5,000 acres.
"Abijah Gilbert of Warwickshire, England, came to Amer- ica in 1786, spending the winter with relatives in New Jersey. It was here he met Richard and Lewis Morris and purchased a tract of 1,000 acres for which he paid 571 pounds, 8s. Sd. before seeing the wilderness that was to become his home. The orig- inal tract included the portion where Gilbertsville now stands, reaching away through the Butternuts valley and back on the hills bounding the village. In 1787 Gen. Jacob Morris made his first expedition into the region accompanied by Mr. Gilbert, and the settlement of the village began in the same year.
"The second settler was Joseph Cox, also of Warwickshire, England. The third settler was a woman, Betsy Nichols, and the first wedding that which celebrated her marriage with Joseph Cox. Mr. Cox introduced the making of English cheese, still quite an industry in that section. Dairying is the principal occupation at the present time.
"In those early days the timber being so abundant was of comparatively little value. The main object of work was to clear the land for crops. The fourth immigrant was John Marsh, an energetic young pioneer from Connecticut. He brought a yoke of oxen of great service in logging. In 1791 Mr. Gilbert returned to England and in the following spring brought his family to the log cabin home in America.
"Two sons of Abijah Gilbert, John Y. and Joseph T., who had been attending school at Schenectady, came to the settle- ment in 1799. About the same time came also William Musson and Samuel Cotton, with whom Mr. Gilbert formed a business partnership under the name of Musson, Cotton and Gilbert. This firm established a store on the Musson farm in 1806. Religious services were held for some time in Mr. Gilbert's barn, and the first religious society was formed in 1797."
Edward Thorp was a pioneer north of the village. His son Henry was a member of Assembly in 1873. Charles Root, the father of Major Charles P. Root, was an early settler in the east- ern part of the township. The Shaw brothers, Deacon Samuel, Col. David and William came from Massachusetts in 1796.
33
BUTTERNUTS
Other pioneers who are honorably remembered were Capt. John Bryant, and the brothers, Levi and Thomas Halbert. Levi Halbert was the first teacher in the town. The first su- pervisor was Lewis Franchot (1796-'98), and the first town clerk Hezekiah Dayton (1796-1805).
GILBERTSVILLE HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOLS: Number of districts, 15. Number of teachers, 15. Children of school age, 320.
The Gilbertsville High School occupies the substantial stone building formerly used by the Academy. It is under the control of the Regents of the University of the State, and grants Regents' diplomas. It provides a classical course of four years. It is well supplied with apparatus, maps, and anatomical models. Pupils have access also to the excellent village library. The faculty of the school consists of a principal and four assistants.
CHURCHES: At Gilbertsville, Baptist, Episcopal, Meth- odist, and Presbyterian.
NEWSPAPERS: The "Otsego Journal," published at Gilbertsville. Established, 1876.
Cherry Valley
Area, 24,058 Acres.
Population, 1,802.
I MILE
MONTGOMERY Co.
Sala Springville
SPRINGFIELD
CHERRY
-v
MIDDLEFIELD
Charg Bailey
VALLEY
Co
Center
Valley
SCHONARIE
ROSEBOOM
CHERRY VALLEY town- ship was organized in 1789 and then comprised all that portion of the county east of Otsego Lake and the Susque- hanna river, and including the whole of the present town of Springfield, but with the increase of population it was repeatedly subdivided until eight townships had been formed from the original one. The highest elevations
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