Outpost of empires; a short history of Niagara County, Part 24

Author: Aiken, John, 1927-
Publication date: 1961
Publisher: Phoenix, N.Y., F.E. Richards
Number of Pages: 188


USA > New York > Niagara County > Outpost of empires; a short history of Niagara County > Part 24


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26


The state obtained the land by 1885 and the Niagara Reserva- tion was established. The word "reservation" was important to these men. This was not to be just a "park" or a recreation area, but a region "reserved" for the public to enjoy forever.


As early as 1832, a British army officer was afraid that ". . . the beautiful scenery about the Falls is doomed to be destroyed." He Since that time, the mills have gone from Goat Island and the felt that the natural beauty of the area ought to be preserved. Vil- river's edge, the ugly board fences have been torn down, and Ni- lages, red and yellow painted stores, and smoking chimneys would 'agara has been in many ways restored to its early beauty. At spoil the spectacle of Niagara, he said. present, more work is taking place. The Niagara Power Project is


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the most recent. After the most careful engineering studies, a way has been found to use more of the natural power of the great cata- ract than ever before. Yet the beauty of the river and the falls have not been marred. A Niagara Diversion Treaty was signed in 1950 which set up an International Joint Commission of Canadians and Americans. This commission worked to see that the turning aside of water for power purposes would not take away the beauty of the falls. By a system of underwater dams, control gates, and storage pools, the power of Niagara has been harnessed in the interest of man and its beauty preserved for his enjoyment.


Furnaces such as these produce metal alloys.


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY


The authors feel that an extensive bibliography is unnecessary in a book of this type. For those who are interested, the following is a sampling of the more important sources.


GENERAL WORKS. Charles Dow's Anthology and Bibliog- raphy of Niagara Falls (1921) was a valuable guide to other sources. Edward Williams' history of Niagara County in John Hor- ton et al, History of Northwestern New York, 3 vols. (1947) and his Niagara County, N. Y. (1921) were also used. Merton Wilner's Niagara Frontier (1931) and the Standford Publishing Company's History of Niagara County (1878) were consulted, the latter being especially helpful. The Souvenir History of Niagara County, pub- lished by the Pioneer Association of Niagara County in 1902 has much first hand materials from early settlers of the area. Two series deserve mention although they deal with specific rather then general topics. These are the many Publications of the Buffalo His- torical Society and the Occasional Publications of the Niagara County Historical Society.


SPECIFIC WORKS. On geology, William J. Miller's The Geo- logical History of New York State (1924), and A. W. Grabau's Geology of Niagara Falls and Vicinity (1901) were the chief sources.


For Indian cultures, the authors used the various works of Wil- liam Beauchamp. Lewis H. Morgan, and Arthur C. Parker along with the publications by the New York State Museum on the pre- Iroquoian and Iroquoian peoples. G. T. Hunt's Wars of the Iro- quois (1940) and the lengthy article by George Sunderman in the Pennsylvania Archaeologist XVIII:3, 4 (Fall 1948) on Iroquois warfare were the most useful. William Fenton's "Iroquois Suicide" in the Anthropological Papers, Bulletin 128 of the Smithsonian In- stitution provided new insights on the problems of Iroquois culture.


For the war period from 1754 to 1783, the works of Francis Parkman were used both for style and content. The War of the Revolution, 2 vols. (1952) by Christopher Ward was used for the story of the campaigns in Western New York along with G. D. Emerson's The Niagara Campaign of 1759 (1909), Howard Swig- gett's War Out of Niagara (1933) and, of course, the many works of Frank Severance in the Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society.


151


For the period of early settlement, the classic work is Orasmus Turner's Pioneer History of the Holland Land Purchase (1849) . In addition the various volumes in the Occasional Publications of the Niagara County Historical Society provide considerable informa- tion particularly on the local communities within the county. Paul D. Evans, The Holland Land Company (1924), Clayton Mau's De- velopment of Central and Western New York (1944) were useful, along with R. L. Higgins' Expansion in New York (1921). Frank Severance's Recalling Pioneer Days (1922) in the Buffalo Histori- cal Society's Publications has many valuable original accounts of early pioneer life in the area.


The War of 1812. Louis Babcock's The War of 1812 on the Ni- agara Frontier (1927) and the Publications of the Buffalo Histori- cal Society, especially the volume Papers Relating to the Burning of Buffalo and the Niagara Frontier (1906) were useful.


The single most important source for Canadian-United States relations (1837-38) was Vol. 8 of the Buffalo Historical Society's Publications which has many original documents concerning the Caroline Affair.


The single authoritive work on the Erie Canal having yet to be done, the authors consulted Samuel Hopkins Adams vital little work in the Landmark Series, The Erie Canal (1953), Alvin Harlow's Old Towpaths (1926), and the standard, Noble Whitford's History of the Canal System of New York State (1906) .


The later development of individual communities was studied largely by consulting primary materials. Some of these are avail- able in book form such as Augustus Porter's Autobiography (1848), and Albert H. Porter's Reminiscences of Niagara from 1806-1872 (1872). The several works of Peter A. Porter published from 1896 to 1915 were helpful. Unpublished master theses were also useful. Among those of importance are Alphonso Gavin's History of Ni- agara Falls from 1918 to 1929, (Niagara University, 1955), Margaret Brett's History of Niagara Falls (Niagara University, 1947), and Mary Eames' Growth of Niagara Falls 1855-1892 (Niagara University) .


For the power and industrial development the standard work is Edward Adams' Niagara Power (1927). A. H. Van Cleve's Utiliza- tion of Water Power at Niagara Falls (1903) and Emil Riegel's The Niagara River and Power Development on the American Side (1923) were also useful. Theodora Vinal's Niagara Portage (1947) and the many pamphlets issued by the industries themselves proved valuable. For the development of the area as a recreation center, the


many works of travelers to the region, Edward Williams' history of the county, previously cited, tourists guide books and view books were important materials. Louis Mazzei's unpublished monograph, Development of Hydroelectric Power in Niagara Falls, New York to 1925, (1956) was also helpful.


PRIMARY MATERIALS. The greatest reliance was upon the various newspapers and magazines of the day. Many of the works previously cited include large selections from primary materials, i.e. Dow's Anthology. Diaries and letters were used where available as well as autobiographies, memoirs and materials of a similar type. Reuben G. Thwaites' Jesuit Relations was consulted extensively. Orasmus Turner's History of the Holland Land Purchase contains considerable primary material. The Beers Publishing Company's Atlas of Niagara and Orleans Counties has valuable maps and illus- trations. The collection of maps and reproductions in the office of the Niagara County Historian is excellent. Federal census data was used extensively, state census data less so. The journals of travelers to the area beginning with the reports of the French and continuing through John Bartram, Theodore Dwight and many others have much descriptive material. The files of letters, clippings, and other assorted materials in the Niagara County Historian's Office, plus the artifacts in the Niagara County Museum in Lockport were help- ful. The usual gazeteers, such as those by French and Spafford were also consulted.


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Your History Workshop


Words and terms you should know


spirits


legend


phenomena spectacular exploits


tribute cavern


regal


chasm


Where is it on the map?


Canadian Falls


American Falls


Upper Niagara River Lower Niagara River


Niagara Gorge Whirlpool Rapids


Who's Who in history ?


Sam Patch


William Hill, Sr.


Charles Ellet


Blondin


Joel Robinson


Edward Serrell


Maria Spelterini


Homan Walsh


John Roebling


T. G. Hulett


Charles Stuart


Samuel Keefer


Lord Dufferin


Dr. J. W. Hodge


How carefully did you read?


1. What is the tale of Hinan and the serpent of the falls?


2. What is the story of Lelawala?


3. What purposes did Indian legends serve?


4. What is meant by the term "Niagara Fools?"


5. What were some of Blondin's feats?


6. Who were the people who challenged the whirlpool and rapids of the lower Niagara River?


7. What daredevils challenged the waterfalls?


8. Why did the Maid of the Mist risk the rapids and whirlpool?


9. How was the first bridge built across the gorge?


10. What was the purpose of Hulett's iron basket?


11. What were the first and last bridges to span the gorge?


12. What is the purpose of the Niagara Diversion Treaty?


13. How did mills affect the beauty of the falls?


14. How did the Reservation Movement help preserve Niagara for the future?


Activities to help you understand Part VI


1. Draw a cartoon to illustrate one of the following events : A. Sam Patch and his ladders B. The Great Blondin on the tightrope


C. Hinan throwing bolts of lightning at the serpent


D. Lelawala and Eagle Eye approaching the falls


E. The Maid running the rapids


F. Leach going over the falls in his barrel


G. Beachy's flight over the falls


H. Homan Walsh flying his kite across the gorge.


2. On a large map of the Niagara River locate each of the places mentioned above in "Where is it on the map?" Sketch in the bridges which spanned the gorge.


3. Dramatize a "You Were There" program on one of the events mentioned in exercise number one.


4. Assume it is the year 1875. Write a newspaper editorial de- scribing how Niagara Falls has been commercialized. Urge preservation of its beauty by asking your readers to support the Reservation Movement.


5. Write questions about "Niagara Fools," for example, "This person successfully met the challenge of the gorge. He was born in France. Who was he?"


6. To the section of the "Workshop" called "Books with exciting stories," add a biography about Niagara's bridge builders and daredevils. Read one of the biographies and report to the class. Make your report interesting so others will want to use the list of books you have prepared.


7. Form a panel to discuss one of these topics : A. The Reservation Movement B. Free use of Niagara's water for industrial growth C. State control of the tourist industry


Part 6a


Note. - a = 1st column; b = 2d column. Note. - q. = quoted.


Acetylene Heat, Light and Power Company, 132a Acheson, Dr., 132a


Acheson Graphite, 138a Acheson's commercial furnace, 130b


Advisory Welfare Committee, the, 104a


Africa, in, 107b


Agricultural Products, 109 map Alaska, 10a


Albany, 21a, 25b, 33a, 35b, 49b, 50a, 68a, 70b, 74b, 95b; to, 67b; traders, 25b, 32b, 33a


Albany Company, 88a Albany Land Company, 123a Albany Land Company's agent, the, 123a Albany, the, 83a


Aldrich, Pamela, 74b


Algonkin - Indians, 24a ; tribes, 16a Alleghenies, over the, 40a Allegheny Mountains, 77a Allen, Lewis


- Shorthorn Herd Book, 115a


Allen, Sadie, 146a Allen, Stephen, 124 ab


Allied - cargo-ships, 106a; victory, story of, 107b Allies, the, 106a, 107b


Aluminum Company of America, 129b


Alvord, Dr., 66a


America, 37b, 42b, 96a, 102ab, 103b, 104ab, 105b, 106a; a frontier of, 82a; first railway in, 41b; in, 87a; to, 86b, 125b; workers in, 96a


American - aid, 86a; - born businessmen, 86b; -born workers, 86b, botanists, early, 115b; cargoes and seamen, 60b; citizens, 104a; colonials, 67b; drovers, 65a; Expeditionary Force, 103a; factories, 102b; Fall, 6b; Falls, 121a, 124a, 144b, 150b; fighters, 54b; flag, 57b; fleet, 106b; force, tiny, 57a; forces, 56b; forts, 42b; forts, other, 42b; frontier, 42b; frontier area, 82a; frontier settlements, 60a; frontiers- men, 42a, 54a; history, 141b; Hotel, 90b; indus- try, 106b; invasion, 57b; liberties 96n; life, 88b, 101a; life, loss of, 102a; line, 57a; lines, 57a; merchant ships, 53b, 54a; owners, 133a; Pacific bases, other, 106b; party, 86b, 87a; party mark, 87a; people, 102a, 102b, 104b; pioneers, 42b; rage, 86a; Rapids, 120ab, 121a, 124a, 126a; rein- forcements, 56b; Revolution, 67b, 85b; Salesbook Company, 134a; scientists and engineers, 127b; seamen and goods, British seizure of, 54a; settle- ment, 46a; settlements, 57b, 58a; settlements in Michigan, 66a; settlers, 60a, 65a; ship, 53b, 54a; ships and men, 54a; ships and sailors, 53b; side, 65a, 148a; side of the river, 58a; side of the Niagara River, 57b; soil, from, 53b; soldiers, 53b, 60a; territory, 42b; threats of war, 54a; war history, 103a; war plans, 54b; workmen, 86b; wounded, 56b


Americans, 2a, 8a, 42b, 53b, 54ab, 56b, 57ab, 60ab,


64a, 65a, 85ab, 86ab, 87ab, 102b, 103b, 104a, 120b, 121ab, 133a, 151a; all, 103a; early, 10a; foreign-born, 89a; foreign-born and native-born, 86b; four hundred, 58a; "native," 87a; of German ancestry, 102b; three hundred, 57a Amherst, Lord, 40ab, 41a


Amherst's scheme to settle Niagara County, 41a


Annin, Joseph, 65b, 68a, 121a


anti-American - activity, 102b; feelings, 103a; party ballot, 87a


anti-Communism, 104a


anti-German feeling, 102b


anti-Germanism, 103a


anti-Masonic - feeling, 83b; feelings, 83a; news- papers, 83a; party, 83b; party's convention, 83b; politicians, 83a


anti-Masons, 83ab


Appomattox - Lee's surrender to Grant at, 91a; Southern surrender at, 90b; surrender of Lee at, 90b


April, 102b; 1682, 32b; in, 35a, 93b; 10, 1810, 62a; 12, 1861, 89a; 1865, 91a; 1917, 102b; 1945, 107b; 15, 1961, 89a


Argonne Forest, the, 103a


Armistice, the, 103a


Asia - from, 4a, 10a; to, 37b; travelers from, 83b


Asian hunters, 10a


Asiastic cholera, 85b


Atlantic Ocean, 4a, 82a


Auburn, 50a


August, 62b, 84a; day in 1895, 129b; heat, 47b; 7, 1679, 32a, 1796, 42b; 17, 1859, 146a; 9-12, 1862, 89b; 1895, 127b; 26, 1895, 129a, 129b; 26, 1927, 98b; 1945, 107b; 6, 1951, 146b


Austria, 106a Avon ferry landing, 50a


Ayrshire cattle, the, 115a


Bailey, T. B. Baker family, 78a Bakers, the, 78a Baldwin apples, 117a Baltimore convention, 83b


Baptist Church, 78b Barge Canal, the, 135a


Barker, 7a Barker, David, 61a Bartlett pear tree, 116b Barton, Major Benjamin, 65b, 68a, 121a


Barton's Frontier House, 66a Bartram, John


- Travels, 115b Batavia, 49b, 50a, 73a, 82b, 83a Batavia-Fort Niagara Road, 73a Bath Island, 121ab, 123b, 126a Battle of Bunker Hill, 72a Battle of La Belle Famille. 39a


Battle of Queenston Heights, 57ab "Battle of Ridgeway," 91a


Bay, Georgian, 24a Bay, Green, 32a Bay, Irondequoit, 34a


Beach, Philip, 73a Beach, S. A., 117a


Beachy, Lincoln, 146b, 147a


Beechwater, 73a


Belgium, 102a; in, 60b


Belknap, 92a Bell Aircraft Company, 110a


Bell Airo-space, 138b Belleau Wood, 103a


Bellevue, 67a Bellevue Land Company, 67a Bergholtz, founding of, 70a


Bergholtz Creek, 70a Bering Strait, 10a


Bible, the, 85a Big Four, Republican, 93a, 102a


"Big Ditch," the, 121b, 122ab


Big Tree, 47b, 48 ill .; Council, 47ab; Treaty, 8a, 47b, 49b


Bing, the (cherry), 118b


Black Rock, 68a, 72a


Blondin, 145b, 146a


"Bloody 8th," the, 90ab


Board of Health, 103a Boston, 124a; lumber company, 72b; policeman, a, 146a Boughton, 73b


Boundary Waters Treaty, the, 140b Braddock, 37b Brant, Joseph, 42a Brébeuf, Jean de, 19ab, 20a, 23b Brewer, John, 61a


Brindle (cow), 58b


Britain, 37b, 42b; and France, war between, 42b; war with, 54a


British-and American fighters, 54b; and Indian at- tacks, 58a; and Indian trap, 39b; armies, 54b; Army, 40a, 67a; army engineer, 41b; army offi- cer, a, 150a q .; attacks, 54b; cannon, 54a; can- nons, 56b; charge, 57a; colonies, thirteen, 67b; deserters, 54a; Empire, 120b; fleets, 53b; forces, 56b, 60b; fort, 56a; forts, 40b; general, 37b; Government, 40a, 41a; grip on Niagara, 41a; guns, 39a; hands, 38b, 57b; hopes for victory, 53b; in Canada, the, 86a; in Niagara, the, 42a; king, 41b, 42a; lines, 37ab; musket fire, 57a; muskets, 57b; navy, 53b, 54a; officer, 39b, 59b; Parliament, 41a; portage traffic, 41a; Portage Master, 121a; redcoats, 72a; reinforcements, 57a; rule, 85b; sailors, 53b; seizing of American seamen and goods, 54a; soldier, 86a; soldiers, 38b, 39ab, 72a; soldiers, cannons, and trenches, 56b; the, 2a, 7b, 8ab, 38b, 40ab, 41ab, 42ab, 53b, 54ab, 55a, 56ab, 57ab, 58ab, 60ab, 61b, 62b, 64a,


Index 1


65b, 67b, 72a, 85b, 88a, 120b, 121a; trade, 41b; trade route, 41b; traders, 7b, 37b; trenches, 39b; troops, 56b; troops, more, 57a; warship, 53b. Britisher, 64a Brock, General Isaac, 54b, 56ab, 57a


Brock's-cannons, 56a; regulars, 56b; soldiers, 56b; spies, 56a; troops, 56b Brooklyn, 133a Brooklyn Bridge, the, 148b


Brown, Esek, 73b


Brown's Lockport Hotel, 73b, 74b


Brown, General Jacob, 60b


Brown's sawmill, Amos and Andrew, 76a


Brown's tavern, 73b


Brulé, Stephen, 4b, 5ab, 6ab, 7a, 16b, 17a, 18ab Brulé's-appearance, 18b; report, 18b; second visit, 18a


Brush Electric Light Company, 126a


Bryan, William Jennings, 96b Bryan's election, 96b Bryant, Walter, 124a


Buchanan, W. O., 147a


Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 49a


Buffalo, 8a, 49b, 70a, 71a, 72b, 74b, 82ab, 84ab, 85b, 91a, 95b, 96ab, 98b, 99ab, 100ab, 105a, 115a, 121b, 122a, 124ab, 125ab, 127ab, 128a, 134b; in banks in, 84b; land speculator, 84b; police, 99a; to, 66b; toward, 60a Buffalo Avenue, 131a; plant, the, 134b


Buffalo Creek reservation, 49a


Buffalo Village Band, 82a Bull Moose ticket, 102a Bunker Hill, Battle of, 72a Burbanks (peaches), 118a Bureau official, 105a Burger, George, 70b, 71a Burt, village of, 61b Bush, William, 89b Butler, Colonel John, 42a Butler's Rangers, 42a


Cabinet, the, 100b


Campbell's tavern, 64b


Canada, 4ab, 21b, 22b, 25a, 38b, 39a, 53b, 54ab, 55a, 56a, 57b, 60b, 61b, 62b, 66a, 67a, 85ab, 86ab, 87b, 88ab, 91a, 99b, 103b, 120a, 133b, 134ab, 140a, 141a, 144b, 146a, 149b, 150b; another invasion of, 57b; back to, 86a; cholera to, 85a; eastern, 24b; friends in, 54b; from, 32a; Governor of, 34a, 37a; invasion of, 56a, 91a; many in, 28b; markets in, 61a; rebellion in, 85b; second attack on, 57b; the British in, 86a; to, 32b, 83b, 88b; trouble with, 91a


Canada's Patriot's War, 85b Canadian-border, 54b; farms, Mackenzie's promise of, 85b; home, in a, 148a; Masons, 82b, 83b; shore, 145b; side, 42b; side, from the, 148b; soil, 57b Canadians, 151a; French, 85b; 87b; two, 61a


Canal Commissioners, 92a


Canal Company, the, 125b


Canal, Erie, 8a, 62b, 66b ill., 69b, 70b, 71b, 72b, 73ab, 75a, 76ab, 78b, 82a, 82 ill., 84b, 84 ill., 86b, 116a, 121b, 122b, 123a, 124a; water, 139a


Canal, Grand Erie, 61b Canal Ring, 92ab


Canal Superintendent, 92a


Canal Superintendent's gang, 92a


Canal, the Barge, 135a


Canandaigua, 50a, 68ab, 78a, 82b, 121a; constable, 82b; for, 69a; to, 67b


Canton, Ohio, 146a


Captain De Troyes, 34b, 35a


Captain Matthew Webb, 146a


Captain Montressor, 65a


Captain Pouchot, 67a


Captain Wool, 56b, 57a


Carbide and Carbon Chemicals, 138a


Carborundum, 130b, 131ab, 132a, 140b, 142b; prod- ucts, 131a; samples, 130b Carborundum's research department, 131b


Carney, James, 72a


Carney, John, 77a


Caroline-burning of the, 88a; the, 85 ill., 86ab; the blazing, 86a


Carter and Company, 133b


Carter and Crume, 134a


Carter, John R., 133b


Cassady grape, a, 117b


Castner Electrolytic Alkali Company, 132b


Cataract Construction Company, 127ab


Cataract Hotel, 90b


Cataract House, 69b


Catholic-Church, 19a; priest, 30a


Catholics, Irish, 88b


Cattaraugus County, 115a


Cavelier, Robert, 28a


Cayuga Creek, 69b; 70ab; settlement, 69b


Cayuga Island, 6b, 30b, 69b, 98b Cayuga Lake, 50a


"C. C. C.," the, 105b


Cedar Mountain, 89b, 92b


Central America, into, 10a


Central Milling Company, 126a


Central Powers, 102b


"Cereal Machine Company," 134b


Chairman of the Power Authority, 142b


Chambers, William, 61a


Champlain, Lake, 16a


Champlain, Samuel de, 16ab, 17ab


Charleston harbor, 89a Charlotte (village), 61b; woolen mills, 61b Charlotteville, 61b


Chateau-Thierry, 103a


Chaumonot, Joseph, 19ab, 20a


Chautauqua County, 115a Chemung River, 46a Chicago's lead, 122a


China, 106b; mainland of, 106b; to, 16a


Chippewa, Ontario, 60b Christian Island, 24ab


Christianize the Neuters, 18b, 23b


Christmas-a week before, 58a; 1813, 60a; Eve, 1678, 30a; trees, 123b


City of Niagara Falls, 67a, 70a


City of North Tonawanda, 73a


Civil War, the, 82a, 89a, 91ab, 93b, 101a, 17a, 122a, 123a, 124b, 125a


Civil Works Administration, 105b


Civilian Conservation Corps, the, 105b


Church, 96b Clark, B. Wheaton, 117b


Clark, Lott, 88a, 123a


Clark's cases, 88a


Cleveland, Grover, 93a, 95b, 96a, 108a


Clinton, Governor DeWitt, 69a, 80ab, 82a


Coggswell, William, 64b


Colcord, Harry, 146a


Cold Harbor, Virginia, 90ab


Cold Spring, 73a


Cold War, the, 101a, 108a, 110a


Cole, Levi, 76ab


Cole's tavern, 76b


Collector of Customs, 93a


Colonel Dudley Donnelly, 91b, 92a


Colonel Ezekiel Jewett, 82b-83a


Colonel Jewett's part, 85a


Colonel John Butler, 42a


Colonel John Murray, 58a, 64b


Colonel Jonathan Mabee, 75b


Colonel Lewis T. Payne, 90b, 122a


Colonel Peter A. Porter, 90ab


Colonel Thomas W. Miller, 104a


Colonel Timothy Ellsworth, 93a


Colonel Winfield Scott, 57a, 60b


Colorado, to, 134b


Columbus, 28a


Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 38a, 40b


Communism, 108a


Communists, 104a


Company of Niagara Falls, 42b, 95a


Comstock, Darius, 122b


Comstock's land, 122b


Comstock, Nathan, 73ab, 115b


Concord grape, a, 117b, 118a


Confederate lines, 90b


Conference for Progressive Political Action, 104a


Congress, 54ab, 93a, 101b, 102b, 105b, 106b, 140ab, 141a; member of, 88a


Congressional district, 101b Congressman Peter B. Porter, Niagara, 54b


Congressmen, 54a Connecticut, 50a, 67b, 68a, 78a; family, 67b Constitution, the, 87a


Constitutional Union party, 88b


Conti, Fort, 32b, 34a Cook, E. W., 89b


Index 2


Cooke, Isaac, 87a Cooke, Lemuel, 64a Cookes, the, 65b Cooper, James Fenimore -The Spy, 65b Cornplanter, 47b Cortland (apple), 117a Council of Big Tree, 49a County Sheriff (Niagara), 102b Creek, Bergholtz, 70a


Creek, Buffalo, reservation, 49a


Creek, Cayuga, 69b, 70ab


Creek, Eighteen Mile, 7a, 60a, 92b, 139a


Creek, Four Mile, 38a


Creek, Gill, 6b Creek, Johnson, 76b


Creek, Tonawanda, 7a, 60a, 70b, 72ab, 73a, 74b, 121b; reservation, 49a


Creek, Twelve Mile, 7a, 61b, 62a, 77b Creek, Wood, 49b Crosier, William, 77a


Crume and Sefton Manufacturing Company, 134a


Culpepper, Virginia, 89b Curtiss, Gideon, 78a Curtiss, Gideon's brother, 78a


Curtiss, Gilbert, 78a


Custodian of Alien Property, 104a


C. W. A., the, 105b Czechoslovakia, 106a Czolgosz, Leon, 99b, 100b q. Czolgosz's whereabouts, 100b


Dallion-Father Joseph, 18b; 19a; Friar, 19b Damson, the (plum), 118b Danish cabbage, 118b Davis, Charlotte, 61b Davis, George, 61b Day, Horace, 124b, 125ab, 139b, 140a; dreams of, 142b


Day's-Canal Company, 125b; hydraulic canal, 125b De Lery's stone house, 37a De Troyes, Captain, 34b Dearborn, General Henry, 54b, 57b Debs, Eugene V., 104a


December, 30a, 58b; dawn, 64b; morning, 58a; 1813, 64b; 1813, 72a, 121a; 1892, 127b; 7, 1941, 106b; 13, 57b; 18, 1813, 58a; 19, 1813, 59b; 29, 1837, 85, 86a; of 1933, 105b Delaware Park, 98b


Democrat-a, 93b; Woodrow Wilson, 102a


Democratic, 87a; candidate, the, 108b; convention, 89a; governor of New York, 92b; leader, 101b; minority, 93a; newspapers, 92a, 93a; party, 88a; scandals, 108b; stranglehold on big business, 108b Democrats, 92ab, 93a, 95b, 96ab, 101b, 102a, 105a, 108a Denonville, 34b, 35a, 37a


Denonville, Fort, 34ab Denonville, the Marquis, 34ab


Denonville's-army, 34a; peace proposal, 35a; war with the Senecas, 34a Deputy Superintendent of Public Works, 135a Detroit, 40b, 41a, 54b, 104b-105a; at, 56a, 62a


Deveaux, Samuel, 69b


Deveaux School, 69a Development and Founding Company, 135ab Development Company of America, 135a


Devil's Hole, 41b; ambush at, 41b; Massacre at, 41ab; Seneca ambush at, 41a; station, 99a


Devon breed, the, 115a


Dewey, Thomas E., 108a


DeWolfe's wagon shop, 64b


Dongan, Thomas, 33ab; a Scottish friend of, 33b


Donnelly, Colonel Dudley, 89b, 90a


Donovan, State Commissioner, 95b


Dr. Alvord, 66a


Dr. Ambrose Thomas, 69b


Dr. Thomas's house, 69b


Dr. Charles McBurney, 100ab


Dr. Edward Acheson, 130ab, 132a


Dr. Herman Mynster, 100a


Dr. Isaac Smith, 73b


Dr. J. W. Hodge, 149b


Dr. Matthew Mann, 100a


Dr. Myron Orton, 77a


Dr. Park's train, 100a


Dr. Roswell Park, 100a Dr. Timothy Page, 76a


Dr. Warner, 62b


Du Pont, 142b


Du Pont's black powder, 74a


Du Pont Company, the, 133a Dufferin, Lord, 150b


Durfee, Amos, 86a


Durham, the, 114b


Dutch-bankers, 47a; goods, 20b, 21ab; guns, 23b; muskets, 21b; settlements in New York State, 21b; the, 21ab, 22ab, 25b; trade, 21b; trade goods, 21a; traders, 21b, 37a; traders, English and, 35b; trading companies, 22a


Dutchman, a young, 33a


E. I. du Pont de Nemours-Corporation, the, 133a, the, 138b


Eagle Eye, 144b Eagle Hotel, 69b Eagle Tavern, 69a, 85b


East-areas of the, 60b; in the, 20b, 62a; the, 96b, 121b


East Branch of Twelve Mile Creek, 61b


Eastern Woodland Indians, 10b


Eastman family, John, 61b


Eastmans, the, 62a


Edison, Thomas A., 127b, 130a


Eighteen Mile Creek, 7a, 60a, 61ab, 75b, 92a, 139a Eighteenth Amendment, 103b




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