USA > New York > Schuyler County > Schuyler County, N.Y., the first hundred years, 1854-1954 > Part 2
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Floor and Cab operated Electric Traveling Cranes in capacities from 1 ton to 350 tons.
SHEPARD NILES PRODUCTS
Floor and Cab operated Single I-Beam Electric Hoists for I-Beam Runways Cupola Charging Hoists and Buckets - Hoists for Stationary Mounting Grab-Bucket Monorail Hoists Hot Metal Carriers Floor and Cab Operated Overhead Electric Traveling Cranes Gantry Cranes and Wall Cranes - Jib and Bracket Cranes Ice Plant Cranes and Hand Power Cranes
Other Products
Current Conductor and Collector Material - Shepard T-Rail Track Electric Winches and Car Pullers - Single I-Beam Monorail Switches
Shepard Niles Crane & Hoist Corp. 221 Schuyler Avenue Montour Falls, N. Y.
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VALOIS COMMUNITY CHURCH had a replica of Goodwin's Ferry at North Hector with an unusually fine group of costumed passengers, as their part in the Centennial Parade.
DELBERT E. FOOTE Assistant Vice-President and Manager
Watkins Glen Office
221 N. Franklin St., Watkins Glen, N. Y.
Marine Midland's WATKINS GLEN OFFICE was established in 1911 as the Watkins State Bank. A well-known Watkins Glen merchant, Charles M. Durland, was its president and served until his death in 1929. In 1931 the bank became affiliated with the Elmira bank and was made a branch office in 1939.
Today, Marine Midland Trust Company of Southern New York with resources of over one hundred million dollars serves the entire Southern Tier. Each community benefits through the strength of resources, the wide contacts, the combined knowledge and experience of officers and directors. Yet each office is supervised by an advisory board of local businessmen who know the needs of their community, and is staffed by local people.
MARINE MIDLAND TRUST COMPANY of Southern New York Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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BUILDING THE LEHIGH. RAILROAD
Over 13,000 men labored to lay these tracks through Cayuta, Odessa, Burdett, Hector. Many men emigrated to work here and became permanent settlers. This was in 1890. -Photo, Mrs. Harry Dean
OUR RETAIL STORE AT ODESSA
CONGRATULATIONS, SCHUYLER!
For well over a Quarter of Schuyler's Century, Cotton-Hanlon has been Headquarters for Everything For the Home, as well as Manufacturers of Fine "Cayuta Brand" Products.
COTTON-HANLON The Home Complete PHONE 75 ODESSA, N.Y.
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THE TROLLEY TO ELMIRA
Maiden Trial Trip over Watkins Glen to Elmira road-May 19, 1900.
The Elmira and Seneca Lake Electric Railroad took five years to build and had to be largely iebuilt in 1905 due to flood damage. Cars left Watkins Glen and Elmira every hour. The road discontinued operation January 1923; the same motorman and conductor being on both the first and last cars run. Local men in the picture include Judge O. P. Hurd, Charles Frost, (Watkins Glen); James A. Shepard, Dr. D. C. Clawson, Dr. George M. Post (Montour Falls).
-Photo: property Montour Falls Library
GLEN CHEVROLET CO., INC.
CHEVROLET - BUICK
Sales - Service
OK'd Used Cars
Schuyler County's Leading Dealer
Phone 290
Watkins Glen, New York
MONTOUR NATIONAL BANK IN MONTOUR FALLS
Your needs in banking service efficiently and carefully provided
REGULAR CHECKING ACCOUNTS SPECIAL CHECKING ACCOUNTS CHRISTMAS CLUBS
SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES TRAVELERS' CHEQUES BANK MONEY ORDERS
Member of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Member of Federal Reserve System
CONVENIENT PARKING SPACE
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BUILDING AN EARLY HARD- TOP ROAD in Hector in 1922. These roads were very expensive. Steam powered equipment was used. In 1954 state and county roads are well paved and major attention is given to farm-to-market town roads, where heavy equipment is widening, ditch- ing and grading.
-Glen Mickel photo
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INDUSTRY
While Schuyler County is essentially agricultural, its manufacturing and processing industries have made a steady and healthy growth.
In 1856 kerosene lamps costing 1/2c an hour to run, and shedding 4 candle power were sold locally.
Tanneries, grist and flour mills were important industries, now largely departed from the scene; although there are today important feed mills in Odessa, Mecklenburg and Watkins Glen. In 1861 the Beaver Dams Tannery handled 500 hides and used 50 cords of bark in the operation.
In 1869, Watkins Glen started its own manufac- tured gas plant and boasted of street-lights lit even on moonlight nights.
The Civil War drained the county of funds and manpower for a time. But in 1875 steam replaced water power in Odessa's saw mill. In 1879 Watkins had the railroads, box and barrel factory, 2 banks, a carriage manufacturing and 2 Express Companies, a salt plant and a lumber yard. In 1890 over 10,000 workers were working on the railroad thru Cayuta, Odessa and Burdett and Hector. In 1891 the Watkins Water Works went in.
In 1899 U. S. manufactures were 11 billion com- pared with 2 billion in 1849. Population in New York State in 1850-(3,097,394), more than doubled in 1900-(7,168,012) and again doubled in 1950-
(14,830,192). Schuyler County did not increase during this period but furnished young people for the cities and large villages.
Auto repair garages have replaced and then sur- passed the importance of livery stable, blacksmith shop and harness shop combined.
As has been indicated the tourist trade is big business for the villages of this county from post Civil War days on to the present.
As the industrial revolution came into full stride Shepard Niles (as Pneumatic Tool Company) in 1903 and Seneca Engineering (1904) firms were started.
The 8 hour day had not been considered seriously at this time but working conditions were improving.
Incentives for women working in industry, if such were needed, came with the three major wars (Civil. World War I and World War II). With the improve- ment of typewriters and the discovery that women were very adept at using them, the woman typist or typewriter operator became common.
The late 1880's and 90's brought wide-spread use of nationally advertised products such as Ivory Soap. Rough on Rats, W. K. Douglas $3.00 shoes.
Railroads as a major industry are here to stay apparently and Watkins with its 3 freight roads and 1 passenger route has great advantages in this facility. The railroads are the major taxpayers in several towns.
FREUDENHEIM'S FAMILY OUTFITTERS
WATKINS GLEN MONTOUR FALLS SERVING SCHUYLER COUNTY SINCE 1890
COLE AND SON
REXALL DRUG STORE
WATKINS GLEN
KUHN BROS. LIQUOR STORE
ESTABLISHED 1933
35 YEARS OF SERVICE
To OUR SCHUYLER COUNTY FRIENDS & PATRONS
KLOPPEL'S SERVICE STATION WATKINS GLEN
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WATKINS (FRANKLIN STREET) looking north in an 1895 storm. Signs indicated a dentist, the Odd Fellows, Watkins Express, Ingham & Jewell Clothing. Drug Store, Postal Tele- graph, Opera House,
Luggage (Trunks), Salada Tea. Porch of the Jefferson House and tower of an early salt well also are visible. Those hitching posts look dangerously like their 1954 successors, the parking meters!
-Photo from Charles Haight col.
Since 1825 THE
JEFFERSON HOTEL
has served Schuyler County with a year around hotel, informal atmosphere, and a well trained staff.
AAA APPROVED
Since 1832 THE
JEFFERSON DINING ROOM
has served Schuyler County With the finest in food. Recommended by Duncan Hines and Gourmet.
EMMET W. GILSON, Manager-Owner
BILL'S TAXI & HOBBY SHOP SERVING WATKINS GLEN AND VICINITY COMPLETE LINE OF HOBBY CRAFTS
Jefferson Hotel Building, Watkins Glen Phone 276
Compliments
WATKINS EXPRESS
Printing and Publishing
Serving Schuyler County For Over 100 Years
"Clipping Schuyler for nearly 25 years" GENE'S BARBER SHOP Always a place for a good argument WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
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Burton J. Cotton and Howard A. Hanlon set up sawmills in 1923 starting the large lumbering and allied retail business now nationally known as Cotton- Hanlon.
Cayuta was selected as a permanent mill site because fine state highways and the Lehigh Railroad provided easy means to bring in logs and ship beau- tiful and useful finished lumber. Logs and lumber are imported from Africa, Central and South America, Mexico, the Philippines, India and Japan as well as from the deep swamps of our Southlands, the Rocky Mountains, Canada and our own Northeast. This plant is one of the largest lumber manufacturing and processing plants in the East handling a large portion processed by Schuyler County men and women, although plants are run also in the South and East Coast.
To provide a perpetual future source of raw materials and labor opportunity, 20,000 acres of forest land in or near this county have been bought and managed.
In 1928 Cotton-Hanlon established the "Home Complete" retail building business in Odessa to reach the thrifty and industrious potential customers of this area. This had become a million dollar business of its own, meeting the modern desire for ample display space and easy parking.
Thirty-one years' success in this enterprise stems from management, alertness to take advantage of favorable economic situations, excellent sources of responsible labor and complete road and rail trans- portation facilities.
Visitors are cordially welcomed at both Cayuta and Odessa thus providing a real opportunity for both county and out-of-county residents.
Shepard Niles Crane and Hoist Corporation of Montour Falls began in 1903 as Havana Bridge Company with capital of $4,900. James Shepard left the farm, started inventing pneumatic cylinder hoists and cranes so rapidly the management couldn't keep up with him. When electricity became available, that was used for power and in 1926 and 1929 they bought Niles Crane Works of Philadelphia, and the patents for electric motors from General Electric to round out the business now grossing 5 to 8 million dollars, a weekly pay roll of $42,000. to 525 people.
The employees started the Shepard Relief Hospi- tal and the company has contributed $115,000 to date for what now is known as Schuyler Hospital.
A recent report shows installation all over the American Continents, Hawaii, the Philippines, Eur- ope and Puerto Rico. Sydney Buckley now is presi- dent of Shepard-Niles.
Taxation trends are clear in the Shepard-Niles statements that 15c of each sales dollar was for taxes or 50c in taxes for every dollar paid in wages. Federal taxes and unemployment benefits exceeded a million dollars a year with New York State taking nearly $100,000 and real estate taxes nearly $20,000. at present.
The Seneca Engineering Company now in its 50th year in 1954 was started by George F. Barton and since 1949 directed by George T. Barton, his son. They employ 25 and design structural steel for build- ings, bridges, and crane runways in many parts of the United States. They have offices in the former Montour House, now the M & M Club.
African mahogany logs imported at Cayuta Cotton-Hanlon plant
Southern swamp lands - a source of timber for import at Cotton-Hanlon's
In 1882 the Watkins Oil Well Company, drilling on the site of a spring well known to Indians for medicinal properties, discovered the salt deposit which is the basis for Schuyler County's salt industry. This well also led to the founding of the Glen Springs Sanitarium. The layer of salt is up to 300 feet thick and 1,800 feet down.
The first producer of salt was the Glen Salt Company in 1893, forerunner of the Glen Branch of International Salt which purchased the interest in 1904. J. F. Luhr is general manager and Francis Mead, superintendent. The International Salt claims to be the largest salt company in the world.
In 1898 the present Watkins Salt Company was founded with Warren W. Clute, Sr. as general man- ager. Since completion of wells, buildings and ma- chinery in October 1899 the Watkins Salt Company on the south shore of Seneca Lake has been in continuous operation 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
In 1907, a reorganization brought Mr. Clute in as president and general manager, positions which he held until his death in 1938 when his son. Warren W. Clute, Jr. took over. The Watkins Salt Company has grown to be one of the largest independently- owned salt companies in the country.
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Continuous improvement and expansion have been necessary. In 1930 a complete modernization plan was begun including new buildings, new vacuum pans and machinery. This phase was completed in 1933. Recently a new administration building was completed.
Success in this highly competitive field can only be achieved through application of up-to-date meth- ods and planned efficiency and the maintenance of an even high quality product. The Watkins Salt Com- pany feels its independent status facilitates successful progressive moves. Good relations with its 130 employees also is a contributing factor.
The salt works employed many Italians who came to the county and also helped take up the slack after . the Chemung Canal ceased operation and the rail- roads had been built.
In an 1893-94 Schuyler County Directory there were listed 267 carpenters & builders, 160 livestock dealers, 155 grape growers, 99 school teachers (31 men), 74 raspberry growers, 73 dressmakers, 60 painters & paper hangers, 60 blacksmiths, 47 general storekeepers, 45 apiarists, 42 hotel keepers, 39 physicians, 35 clergymen, 34 grocers, 30 agricultural implement dealers, 27 saw mill operators, 19 produce dealers, 23 wagonmakers, 15 laundresses, 15 railroad agents, 15 harness makers, 15 carriage & wagon makers, 14 shingle mill operators, 14 fruit basket makers, 13 milliners, 13 barbers, 10 stenographers & typewriters (1 man). These occupations listed have nearly gone out: Cooper 6, crockery 6, driving park 1, fish culturist, grain cradles, hair workers, horsetrainers 6, iron founders 5, millwrights 6, opera houses 2, tan- ner of furs, stump puller 1, tobacco growers 10, weil digger 1, kiln for china 1.
That year listed 1 junk dealer, 1 lecturer, 8 livery stables, 2 mineral springs, 2 taxidermists, 5 telephone exchanges, 7 printers, 5 photographers, 8 milk dealers. 1 loan agent, 7 liquor dealers, 2 inventors, 1 gas worker, 1 electric light worker, 5 dentists, 6 confec- tioners, 7 cider millers, 1 boiler worker and 7 auction- eers.
Unknown were dealers, manufacturers or repair- ers in automobiles, gasoline, radio, television, motor- cycles, tractors, combines, hay balers, motel and cabin operators, professional firemen and baby sitters.
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A CENTURY OF PROGRESS in Health and Medicine was portrayed by Watkins Glen Senior 4-H Club, one of six community 4-H floats in The Centennial Parade.
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Your Schuyler County Insurance Agents
PELLET & JAMES AGENCY ESTABLISHED 1871
WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
HAVENS INSURANCE AGENCY
210 W. FOURTH ST.
WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
"Best Wishes for another 100 Years of Progress"
RICHARD H. SMITH COMPLETE INSURANCE SERVICE
ODESSA, N. Y .
MILDRED A. PIPER
COMPLETE INSURANCE SERVICE
113 12th St., Watkins Glen, N. Y.
HARRY B. HOWARD
GENERAL INSURANCE AGENCY
BURDETT, N. Y .
VerNooy Building Watkins Glen
BERT C. CATE
MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Phone 2821
116 N. Catherine St., Montour Falls
ISLEY & SON INSURANCE SERVICE
PHONE 310
WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
Home Office: Montour Falls, N. Y.
JOHN E. HODGE AGENCY
E. C. COOPER & CO., INC.
FRANK B. MILLEN
Surety Bonds - Fire Insurance Automobile Public Liability and Property Damage
GENERAL INSURANCE
"Quality Insurance-Courteous Service"
PHONE 11
134 Durland Pl., Watkins Glen Telephone 164
105 S. Catherine St., Montour Falls Telephone 4141
WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
FOR SAVINGS IN INSURANCE
SEE
E. N. ANGUS
"77 years of fire insurance"
FARMERS' RELIANCE MUTUAL INSURANCE Co.
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TYRONE VILLAGE 75 Years Ago (About 1878) The old school is on the bend of the hill to the left, the Methodist Church steeple may be seen. All the id the huge square house just behind them belonged to Charles Willis, State Senator, at the close of the The mills, which ran by water power, included a grist flour mill and a grape basket factory which mportant local industry. The hilltop above the village was nearly clear then, but like most steep sloped has reverted to woodland.
-Picture from Mrs. Ruth Caywood
AUTO PARTS AND ACCESSORIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
NEUER'S GULF SERVICE FRANKLIN ST. WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
SCHUYLER COUNTY LAUNDRY
THIRD ST. WATKINS GLEN, N. Y. PHONE 20
LAUNDRY - - LINEN SUPPLY - DRY CLEANING
TEOLA RESTAURANT WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
FOR THE PAST 17 YEARS KNOWN AS A GOOD PLACE TO EAT FOR QUALITY, QUANTITY, & 'RIGHT PRICES'
SCHUYLER SUPPLY CORPORATION PHONE 328 WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.
INTERNATIONAL TRUCKS
PLYMOUTH & DESOTO CARS
C MCCORMICK-DEERING FARM EQUIPMENT
ZENITH SALES
SERVICE
€ INSTALLATION
SCHUYLER RADIO AND TELEVISION 225 W. MAIN ST. PHONE 2261 MONTOUR FALLS
Burch's
Through the years the place to shop in Schuyler County
"THE BOYS AT THE JEFFERSON BAR" JIM AND JOHN
HI-LITES SERVING THE ADVERTISING NEEDS OF RURAL SCHUYLER COUNTY ODESSA NEW YORK
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THERE'S GOLD IN THEM THAR HILLS!
Our sheriff, Dana T. Burt, stands at the head of the Caleb Hayes gold mine shaft in the town of Orange between Sugar Hill and Six Nations. The sheriff can remember as a boy seeing men let down the shaft in a big basket. The depression marks the covered shaft. Pumps were to pump water from the mine. The gold proved too scarce for profit. Now golden maple syrup is made at Supervisor Lloyd Webb's farm in these parts. The mining lasted from 1885-91. Coal mining was attempted also at Woodward's Hill.
-Photo, Woodward Studio
GLEN MOUNTAIN HOUSE - on property now State Park.
This backed up to the High Bridge across the Glen, across which one could walk through Mr. Freer's ceme- tery to the Glen Springs Hotel. It took four horses to control the stage on its trip up from the railroad or boat, or down from the upper station. This hotel burned in the early 20th century. I'd like the room with the cupola on the right, thank you.
-Photo, William Kelly
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AGRICULTURE
Farmers were getting organized when Hon. Charles Cook in 1863 reported 22 cows milked at an average of $41 per cow from sale of products on his cheese farm. The Schuyler County Sheep Growers had annual Sheep Shearing Festivals each May. Horse shows displayed the best in equestrian form. Two agricultural societies ran fairs. And by 1873 the Granges were being organized in Schuyler County to promote better farm living.
The year 1865, when Cornell University was organized, the crops grown, and investments in farm machinery were vastly different than today. In '65 the census reports 51,970 lbs. of tobacco from the town of Dix, (about half the county total ); 7,731 tons of hops, 176 acres of flax, 16,149 1bs. of honey, besides 110,221 bushels of potatoes and 72,032 bushels of winte: wheat from Schuyler County. The county farms valued at $7,724,992 had tools and implements valued at only $273,480 to plow and work 41,6991/2 acres.
One thousand seven hundred seventy neat cattle ready for slaughter, 1,079,913 lbs. of pork and 24,822 lambs helped provide the county's 18,441 citizens with meat.
Two hundred forty thousand two hundred fifteen 1bs. of wool were shorn and dogs killed 303 lambs in 1865. The dog problem is not a new one.
Domestic manufactures of cloth in 1865 amounted to 1,723 yards fulled cloth, 3,508 yards flannel, 3,933 yards linen, 16 yards cotton.
Much work was done by beasts of burden which outnumbered the cows; in 1874 amounting to 6,160 horses, 1,408 oxen, 109 mules and 7,435 cows. Home churns turned out 917,682 pounds of butter that year, and 24,510 pounds of cheese. Only 44,659 gallons of milk were sold.
The hay requirements were large for all this livestock.
With extension of railroads there was a wider and steadier market for farm produce, but in the late 19th century the closing of the Chemung Canal cut the market for hay for tow animals.
As time went on sheep numbers declined, bean acreage climbed and then declined, poultry numbers increased and dairy animals declined in numbers. Tree fruits declined, to be concentrated in relatively few large farms near Seneca Lake.
Early agricultural organizations swapped informa- tion. With transportation bringing in world and nation-wide competitive markets, farmers soon felt the need for additional scientific leadership provided by the Extension Services of land grant colleges such as Cornell. In Schuyler County this resulted in the Farm Bureau organization in 1917. Men like C. L. Frost, M. O. Disbrow, Frank Carney, Frank Waugh, C. E. Titus, Guy Caywood, Lee Bale, Walter Ganung, J. E. Sackett and E. C. Love gathered to plan improv- ed farm programs. By 1918 they organized tractor demonstrations and worked for better roads. They held field tests and result demonstrations.
By 1920 cooperative seed purchasing was insti- gated and G.L.F. cooperative facilities encouraged.
1921 saw the farmers working on milk marketing by cooperatives, forming a herd testing association and resolving to urge construction of a building for use of county organizations, especially farm organiza- tions.
In 1921 the Farm Bureau appointed a committee to receive funds for milk and other foods to send to a starving Europe, indicating production sufficient to share food with other less fortunate world citizens. Fun was not forgotten, for that same year the Bureau voted to send a baseball team to Cornell's Agricul- tural Field Day.
Reading Grange's Centennial Float depicted a good old fashioned husking bee. Only a picture in full color could do justice to this beautiful float by an enterprising Grange.
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SHEEP SHEARING fifty years ago in Odessa was done by new mechanical hand powered shears owned and operated by John and "Sherm" Sterling. This father-son team did a lot of shearing. In their day there were some 30,000 sheep in Schuyler County, while in 1950 we had only 6,795.
-Photo from Jack Ash collection
The story wis as a lad "sherm" looked down a rifle barrel to see the bullet come out. The eye was blinded and his brain so affected his left side partially paralized. His lef arm always hung limp and useless & he limped.
In 1922 there was a drive to get lime on the county's lands. That same year the Farm Bureau worked hard to get agriculture taught in Watkins Glen High School. (In 1948 the Extension Service had a survey which led to development of an agri- cultural course at Odessa, after some lapse without such teaching ).
Occasionally less important matters seemed to come up, for in July 1922, the Farm Bureau com- mittee discussed a communication from a J. Coryell in regards to permits for shooting robins.
The Agricultural Experiment Stations and Ex- tension Service have kept the farm production upward in quality and labor efficiency. Yields per animal or per acre have mounted. Marketing has become of major importance this past decade with opening of fluid milk marketing outlets, a lamb marketing pool handling 8,391 head averaging $18 in 1953, and a Fruit Growers' Cooperative handing 1,700 tons of grapes for juice and 80 tons of cherries for freezing, and exploring marketing methods for peach growers. This latter employs 12 regular and 65 seasonal men. Dairy herd owners benefit from Dairy Herd Improve- ment (including owner-sampling) and the Artificial Breeding Cooperative.
Recent "action agencies" in the U.S.D.A., such as Soil Conservation and P.M.A. are used by county farmers to make necessary adjustments in a changing world.
The State and Federal Governments bought lands in Orange, Hector and Cayuta for forestry and graz- ing. This had effects on county population.
Some significant 1950 census figures for Schuyler County: At present there are 1,118 farms and a drop this century of 40% in acreage tilled. Contrasts in yields per acre are shown below:
1854
1950
Hay
.9 Ton
1.75 Tons
Oats 20.1 Bu.
40 Bu.
Wheat 9.4 Bu.
26 Bu.
Corn silage None
8.7 Tons
Corn grain 30 Bu.
64 Bu.
Dairy cows numbered 4,773 in 1950 compared with 7,676 in 1855. Milk production is nearly four times as great per cow in 1954 as a century ago.
Sheep in 1855, 48,918; in 1950 only 6,795 but not declining in last six years.
Poultry numbers more than doubled in a century to 175,000 in 1950.
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John Boyce's steam thrashing rig at Odessa was typical of mechanization which started decline in numbers of farm population, for fewer hands could turn out more food. Mechaniz- ation makes farming so expensive to get into that a young farmer has a problem to get started unless he in- herits the family farm. This was about 1906.
-Photo from Jack Ash collection
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ST. ANTHONY OF PADUA Minor Seminary and Preparatory School. The Franciscan Friars of the Assumption Province converted the former Glen Springs hotel into a school in 1949. The initial enrollment was thirty-four students and the present enrollment is one hundred twenty-three. The first class was graduated in 1953.
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AIR MAP OF TYRONE AND LAMOKA LAKE
This map is part of a complete 1938 air mapping used in Soil Conservation, PMA and other farm planning programs. Fields can be measured accurately, wet spots seen, types of cover and erosion results and dangers observed. One tax assessor found lands never in the tax rolls from air mapping. There are now more summer residents at the shores of the lakes than in the village and on farms of Tyrone township.
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