USA > New York > The centennial history of the Protestant Episcopal church in the diocese of New York, 1785-1885 > Part 4
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pends the preservation of that stronghold for the shelter of them that come after. And as we heed and follow them that have borne the burden and heat of the day, let us so cherish the works that they have left behind for our help and strength, that we may hand them down for the blessing of those to whom we, in our turn, must soon give place.
In grateful remembrance of the past, in hopeful anticipa- tion of the future, in sole dependence upon Him by whose sacred name and presence the Holy City is consecrated, let us walk about Sion, and go round about her, and tell the tow- ers thereof. " Mark well her bulwarks, set up her houses, that ye may tell them that come after. For this God is our God for ever and ever. He shall be our guide unto death."
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PROCEEDINGS AT TRINITY CHURCH.
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APPENDIX A.
Hon. James Duane ; Hon. John Jay, Peter Augustus Jay, Esq., Hon. William Jay; Hon. Rufus King, Hon. John A. King, Charles King, L.L.D .; Hon. David S. Jones, brother of Chancellor Jones above mentioned, and, of another family, Edward R. Jones, Esq .; James F. and Frederic de Peyster, Esqs .; Hon. John Duer; Anthony J. Bleecker, Esq. ; Hon. John C. Spencer ; William H. Harison, Esq .; Hon. David B. Ogden; Nathaniel Moore, LL.D., Clement C. Moore, LL.D., William Moore, Esq .; Hon. Ogden Hoffman and Samuel Verplanck Hoffman, Esq., kinsmen of Judge Hoff- man before mentioned; William Betts, L.L.D .; Floyd Smith, Esq. ; Pierre E. F. M'Donald and Anthony Bleecker M'Donald, Esqs .; Hon. William H. Bell; Charles Nova Scotia Rowland, Esq .; Hon. Luther Bradish ; Hon. Samuel B. Ruggles ; Hon. John A. Dix ; Robert B. Minturn, Esq .; Adam Norrie, Esq .; Charles Tracy, Esq .; Cyrus Curtiss, Esq .; Hon. James Emott ; Orlando H. Meads, Esq. ; Frederick T. Win- ston, Esq.
The Rev. James Milnor, D.D., Rector of St. George's, N. Y .; Rev. Cornelius R. Duffie, Rector of St. Thomas' Church, N. Y .; Rev. Thomas Lyell, D.D., Rector Christ Church, N.Y. ; Rev. Henry J. Feltus, D. D., Rector St. Stephen's, N. Y .; Rev. Reuben Sherwood, D.D., Rector St. James', Hyde Park, and (less generally known, but with whom the writer has a special association as having been baptized by him in St. John's Church, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island) the Rev. Isaac Sherwood, Missionary ; Rev. William Creighton, D.D., some- time Rector of St. Mark's, N. Y., and the first Provisional Bishop Elect of New York; Rev. William Berrian, D.D., Rec- tor of Trinity, N. Y .; Rev. John Mc Vickar, D.D., Prof. of Moral Philosophy in Columbia College ; Rev. Francis Lister Hawks, D.D., sometime Rector of St. Thomas' and Calvary, N. Y .; Historiographer, etc. - the Chrysostom of the American
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CENTENNIAL CHURCH HISTORY.
Church ; Rev. Edward Y. Higbee, D.D., and Rev. Benjamin I. Haight, D.D., Assistant Ministers of Trinity, N. Y .; Rev. William Walton, D.D., Clement C. Moore Prof. of Hebrew in the General Theological Seminary; Rev. Lewis P. Bayard, D.D., Rector St. Clement's, N. Y .; Rev. John F. Schroeder, D.D., sometime Assistant Minister in Trinity, N. Y .; Rev. E. N. Mead, D.D., sometime Rector St. Clement's, N. Y .; Rev. Henry Anthon, D.D., Rector St. Mark's, N. Y .; Rev. Stephen H. Tyng, D.D., Rector St. George's, N. Y .; Rev. John D. Ogilby, D.D., St. Mark's in the Bowery, Prof. of Eccl. Hist. in the General Theological Seminary, and Rev. Frederick Ogilby, D.D., Assistant Minister Trinity, N. Y. ; Rev. William L. Johnson, D.D., Rector Grace Church, Ja- maica, L. I., and Rev. Samuel Roosevelt Johnson, D.D., Prof. Systematic Divinity, General Theological Seminary; Rev. Alex. H. Vinton, D.D., sometime Rector St. Mark's, N. Y., and Rev. Francis Vinton, D.D., Assistant Minister Trinity, N. Y., and Charles and Elizabeth Ludlow Prof. Eccl. Polity and Law in General Theo. Seminary ; Rev. William Shelton, D.D., Rector St. Paul's, Buffalo, and Rev. Frederick A. Shel- ton, LL.D. Rev. George Jarvis Geer, D.D., Rector St. Tim- othy's, N. Y., Rev. A. T. Twing, D.D., Secretary Domestic Missions ; Rev. Henry E. Montgomery, D.D., Rector of the Church of the Incarnation, N. Y .; Rev. Wm. A. Muhlenberg, D.D., founder of the Flushing Institute, St. Paul's College, Church of the Holy Communion, N. Y., St. Luke's Hospital and St. Johnland; and Rev. Samuel Seabury, D.D., asso- ciated with him in the educational works just mentioned, Rector of the Church of the Annunciation, N. Y., Prof. Bib- lical Learning Gen. Theological Seminary, and Editor of The Churchman from 1833 to 1849.
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PROCEEDINGS AT TRINITY CHURCH.
APPENDIX B.
Rev. Samuel Seabury, D.D., Oxon, Rector of St. Peter's Church, Westchester, N. Y., at the breaking out of the Rev- olutionary War (and, during the war, Chaplain of the King's American Regiment in the city of New York)-for Connecticut.
Rev. Richard Channing Moore, D.D., Rector of St. Stephen's Church, N. Y .- for Virginia. *
Rev. Henry Ustick Onderdonk, D.D., Rector of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn, L. I .- for Pennsylvania.
Rev. Levi Silliman Ives, D.D., Rector of St. Luke's Church, N. Y .- for North Carolina.
Rev. Chas. Pettit McIlvaine, D.D., Rector of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn L. I .- for Ohio.
Rev. Thomas Church Brownell, D.D., LL.D., Assistant Minister Trinity Church, N. Y .- for Connecticut.
Rev. Wm. R. Whittingham, D.D., St. Mark's in the Bowery, Prof. Eccl. Hist. Gen. Theological Seminary, N. Y .- for Maryland.
Rev. Manton Eastburn, D.D., Rector of the Church of the Ascension, N. Y .- for Massachusetts.
Rev. Horatio Southgate, D.D., Presbyter Diocese of New York-Missionary Bishop for Turkey.
Rev. Alonzo Potter, D.D., L.L.D., Prof. Moral Philoso- phy and Belles-Lettres in Union College, Schenectady, N. Y .- for Pennsylvania.
Rev. Henry John Whitehouse, D.D., Rector St. Thomas' Church, N. Y .- for Illinois.
Rev. Wm. Ingraham Kip, D.D., Rector St. Paul's Church, Albany, N. Y .- for California.
* The Rev. Nathaniel Bowen, D.D., consecrated for South Carolina, Octo- ber 8, 1818, is described in his letter of consecration (Journal Gen. Conv., 1853, p. 383) as Rector of St. Michael's, Charleston. He appears however to have been at the time of his election Rector of Grace Church, N. Y. See Berrian's Hist. Trinity Church, pp. 225, 226.
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Rev. Henry Washington Lee, D.D., Rector St. Luke's Church, Rochester, N. Y .-- for Iowa.
Rev. Gregory Thurston Bedell, D.D., Rector Church of the Ascension, N. Y .- for Ohio.
Rev. Arthur Cleveland Coxe, D.D. (sometime Rector Calvary Church, N. Y.), Presbyter Diocese of New York- for Western New York.
Rev. Henry Adams Neely, D.D., Assistant Minister of Trinity Church, N. Y .- for Maine.
Rev. John Freeman Young, D.D., Assistant Minister of Trinity Church, N. Y .- for Florida.
Rev. Wm. Henry Augustus Bissell, D.D., Rector Trinity Church, Geneva, N. Y .- for Vermont.
Rev. Charles Franklin Robertson, D.D., Rector St. James' Church, Batavia, N. Y .- for Missouri.
Rev. Daniel Sylvester Tuttle, D.D., Rector Zion Church, N. Y .- Missionary Bishop for Montana Territory, etc.
Rev. Abram Newkirk Littlejohn, D.D., Rector of Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, L. I. (Presbyter of the Diocese of New York when the Diocese of Long Island was estab- lished)-for Long Island.
Rev. Wm. Croswell Doane, D.D., Rector of St. Peter's Church, Albany (Presbyter of New York when Albany be- came a distinct Diocese)-for Albany.
Rev. Benjamin Henry Paddock, D.D., Rector Grace Church, Brooklyn, L. I .- for Massachusetts.
Rev. John Henry Hobart Brown, D.D., Rector St. John's Church, Cohoes, N. Y .- for Fond du Lac.
Rev. Wm. Stevens Perry, D.D., President Hobart College and Rector Trinity Church, Geneva, N. Y .-- for Iowa.
Rev. George Franklin Seymour, D.D., Dean Gen. Theo. Seminary, and St. Mark's in the Bowery Prof. of Eccl. Hist. -for Springfield.
Rev. John Nicholas Galleher, D.D. (sometime Rector Zion Church, N. Y.), Presbyter Diocese of New York-for Louisiana.
Rev. Leigh Richmond Brewer, Rector of Trinity Church, Watertown, N. Y .- Missionary Bishop for Montana.
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PROCEEDINGS AT TRINITY CHURCH.
Rev. John Adams Paddock, D.D., Rector St. Peter's Church, Brooklyn, L. I .- Missionary Bishop of Washington Territory.
Rev. William David Walker, in charge of Calvary Chapel, N. Y .- Missionary Bishop for North Dakota.
The Bishops of the Diocese of New York have been chosen from that Diocese.
Rev. Samuel Provoost, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church, N. Y.
Rev. Benjamin Moore, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church, N. Y.
Rev. John Henry Hobart, D.D., Assistant Minister Trin- ity Church, N. Y.
Rev. Benjamin Tredwell Onderdonk, D.D., Assistant Min- ister Trinity Church, N. Y.
Rev. Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright, D.D., D.C.L. (Oxon), Assistant Minister Trinity Church, N. Y.
Rev. Horatio Potter, D.D., Rector St. Peter's Church, Albany (prior to the setting off of Albany as a Diocese).
Rev. Henry Codman Potter, D.D., Rector Grace Church, N. Y.
At two o'clock in the afternoon the bishops, clergy, and lay delegates, to the number of several hundred, were enter- tained at luncheon at the Assembly Rooms on Broadway and Thirty-ninth Street, by the Assistant Bishop, who was aided in receiving his numerous guests by Generals Webb and Wilson, and by Messrs. Vanderbilt, Morgan, Gibbs, Camp, and Whit- taker, who acted as stewards. Two hours were agreeably spent at the tables in the spacious hall, and in listening to a number of delightful after-dinner speeches from the host, from Bishops Coxe and Doane, and from several prominent clergymen and laymen.
PROCEEDINGS AT ST. THOMAS' CHURCH.
PROCEEDINGS AT ST. THOMAS' CHURCH.
At eight o'clock in the evening of the same day, Divine Service was held in St. Thomas' Church, when a very large congregation was present. The order of service was as fol- lows :
I. Hymn 4. " Hosanna to the living Lord."
2. Lord's Prayer and Versicles.
3. Psalm cxxxii. " Memento Domine."
4. Lesson, Isaiah, xii.
5. Deus Misereatur.
6. Apostles' Creed.
7. Collects for the Day, for Peace, and for aid against perils. "The Grace," etc.
8. Hymn 190. " Glorious things of Thee are spoken."
9. Historical Sketch, by Dr. DeCosta.
IO. Anthem. " How beautiful upon the Mountains."
II. Address by the Bishop of Western New York.
12. Hymn No. 176. " The Son of God goes forth to war."
13. Addresses by the Bishops of Albany and Long Island.
14. Hymn 202. " The Church's one foundation."
15. Benediction.
16. Hymn 430. " Alleluia ! Song of Sweetness."
We are here this evening, dear brethren, said the RT. REV. HENRY C. POTTER, D.D., LL.D., in accordance with the order taken by the Convention of the Diocese of New York at its session in the year 1883, by which action it was provided that the centennial anniversary of the Diocese of New York should be commemorated on this, the first day of the Convention of this year, by Divine Service and a sermon in Trinity Church in the morning, and by an assemblage in the evening with addresses appropriate to the occasion, and with the reading also of an historical essay. In accordance with this order, the historical essay will now be read by the Rev. B. F. DeCosta, D.D., the Rector of the Church of St. John the Evangelist in this city.
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THE CENTENNIAL OF THE DIOCESE OF NEW YORK.
ONE hundred years have passed away since the organiza- tion of the Diocese of New York, and now, standing upon the threshold of a second century, we pause to glance at the suc- cession of memorable events forming the body of our eccle- siastical history.
To understand the real character of an ecclesiastical or- ganization, it is needful to know something of the religious condition of society during the period out of which it grew ; since a Church, like a plant, is governed in its special develop- ment by the soil and atmosphere. At the outset, therefore, attention must be directed to the Colonial period.
The Church in New York was founded during a period that has received very inadequate treatment. Valuable studies have been made, but the Colonial period still awaits its historian, and we must content ourselves for the present with such approaches to the subject as the specialist may from time to time offer.
The circumstances that attended the founding of the Church in New York are not thoroughly well known. The origin of this Diocese bears little resemblance to that of any other. Indeed, we should hardly expect to find the beginnings of any two dioceses alike. The old Eastern Dio- ceses, like those of the Middle and Southern States, each had a peculiar origin. In New England the Church grew up amidst persecution, while in Virginia, for instance, the weight of the government was on her side. In Pennsylvania, under the Charter, the Church was barely tolerated. In New York, however, while religious liberty was enjoyed after the Dutch submission, the progress of the Church was obstructed. The issue, at the outset, was with a somewhat moderate Reformed religion, more or less friendly. It was with a later and openly hostile political ecclesiasticism that Churchmen were called to strive.
Coming to the Colonial period we find to our deep regret that many valuable manuscript records have passed out of.
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sight. Besides, many important publications of that period were of a fugitive character, and are difficult to collect. Still, notwithstanding the loss of much material, some points are clearer than is often supposed.
Prior to the English occupation of New York, the Book of Common Prayer was probably used in English families, but the Church Services first appear in 1663.
The first English Governor was Colonel Nicolls, one of the Commissioners sent over to take possession of New Neth- erlands. King Charles had given the Commissioners special Instructions with respect to Massachusetts, granting liberty to all, whatever religion they might profess,* and those for Connecticut took a similar ground. These applied equally to New York. But in some "Private Instructions," which made it optional with the Commissioners to go to New York and deal with the people there first, the King enters quite fully into the subject of toleration, warning them against using any oppression in seeking to advance the Church, cau- tioning them with respect to those who might have no more than a pretended zeal for Common Prayer and the discipline of the Church of England, and advising them that they might dispense with "wearing the surplesse," which " may conven- iently be foreborne att this tyme."} No one can affirm that
* The language was, " Such who desire to use ye Book of Common Prayer may be permitted soe to doe wthout incurring any penalty, reproach or disad- vantage in his interest, it being very scandalous that any man should be debarred ye exercise of his religion," etc .- N. Y. Col. Docs., III., 54.
+ For their guidance in New York, the King says : "And that you may not give any umbrage or jealousy to them in matters of religion, as if you were at least Enimyes to formes observed amongst them, you shall do well to frequent their Churches and be present at their devotions, though wee doe suppose and thinke fitt that you carry with you some learned and discreet Chaplaine, orthodox in his judgment and practice, who in your own familyes will reade the Booke of Common Prayer and perform your devotion according to ye forme established in the Church of England, excepting only in wearing the surplesse which having never bin seen in those countryes may conveniently be forborne att this tyme, when the principal busynesse is, by all good expedients, to unite and reconcile persons of very different judgments and practice in all things, at least which con- cern the peace and prosperity of those people, and their joint submission and obedience to us and our government."-N. Y. Col. Docs., III., 58.
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CENTENNIAL CHURCH HISTORY.
the English were not in this respect considerate of the feel- ings of the people.
With the English garrison came a chaplain, and, as the few Churchmen then in the city had no place of worship, it was arranged that after the Dutch had finished their morning worship the chapel should be used for the services of the Church. So far as we learn at present, these were the first public services of the kind known to have been performed on this island. The name of the chaplain is not given. In 1664 Nicolls framed what are known as the Duke's Laws, which were approved by an extemporized convention of the people of Long Island, held at Hempstead, there being no Assem- bly. New York was held by the Duke in feudal style. These laws sought to provide for public worship, for which all inhabitants were to be taxed, while nothing is said about Episcopacy or Common Prayer, the right of non-Episcopal ordination being recognized.
Nicolls continued Governor until 1668, when he left with the good wishes of the people. Colonel Francis Lovelace be- came his successor, by favor of the King, winning the appoint- ment from the Duke of York. He is described as of a gen- erous, upright and noble mind, while, in his Proclamation of November 28, ordering a day of humiliation and prayer, he expressly condemns the prevailing sins of profanity, impiety and intemperence. The King had given the Duke of York power to make the laws, and though Nicolls accepted help in forming a code, Lovelace ruled without regard to the people. He expressed the Duke's approval of the Lutherans, who sent to Germany for a minister. Lovelace carried out the Duke's well-known policy of toleration. He continued Governor until the war broke out between England and Holland.
In 1673 the colony changed hands, Colve gaining the au- thority ; but when the war was over the English again took possession. A new patent was issued to the Duke of York, July 1, 1674. Edmund Andros, a stiff Churchman, was com- missioned by the Duke as Governor. Andros brought no new instructions of a radical character, being simply enjoined to permit all persons, of whatsoever religion, to live in
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peace .* The Duke himself was disabled by the Test Act and was averse to distinctions.
With Andros came the Rev. Charles Wolley, fresh from the University of Cambridge, having been appointed Chap- lain to the forces by the Duke of York. This individual does not appear to have met with much success, and the ex- tent of his ministrations is not known. At London, in 1701, he published a Journal of American experiences.t In 1702 he was made a freeman of New York. The Labadist Brothers, who visited New York in 1679, heard him preach on the Fif- teenth Sunday after Trinity, and described him as a young man who read his sermon out of a book, and " who thought he was performing wonders." ¿ Governor Andros, testified that he was " unblamable in his Life and Conversation." His disposition was genial and he was fond of society. It is said that he gave the Dutch valuable help in building their new church, in which course he had the encouragement of Andros himself. Indeed, the English and Dutch lived on the best of terms, while Chaplain Wolley was dependent upon his Dutch brethren for the accommodation which he enjoyed for his own services.
In 1680 Govenor Andros was called home, leaving Anthony Brockhalls commander-in-chief, being followed eventually by Dongan.
Prior to 1683, there seems to have been a vacancy of two years in the Chaplaincy, but when, on August 25, 1683, Don-
* " You shall permit all persons of what Religion soever, quietly to inhabitt wthin ye precincts of yor Jurisdiccon, wthout giveing ym any disturbance or disquiet whatsoever, for or by reason of their differing in matters of Religion : Provided they give noe disturbance to yr publique peace, nor doe molest or disquiet others in ye free exercise of their religion."-Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York, Vol. III., p. 218.
+ A Two Years Journal in New York, and parts of its Territories in America. Reprinted by Gowers, New York, 1860. The Rev. Nicholaus Van Renselaer, ordained deacon and priest by the Bishop of Salisbury, came over with Andros, intending to serve the Dutch Communion, which would not receive him. He was of a bad character and died soon after.
# See their Journal in the Memoirs of the L. I. Hist. Soc., Vol. I., p. 148. This volume also contains a sketch showing the appearance of the chapel at that time.
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gan came over as Governor, he brought out Dr. John Gordon to serve in that office, and for his own convenience he took with him an English Jesuit priest named Harvey, the Gov- ernor being a Roman Catholic. Gordon does not appear to have served for any considerable time, and was succeeded in June, 1684, by the Rev. Josias Clarke ; who, in turn, received his discharge October, 1686.
On coming to New York, Governor Dongan did not receive any special Instructions concerning religious liberty, those given to Andros in 1674 being sufficient .* Yet during his administration, and before the reception of his second Instruc- tions, the use of Common Prayer obtained in some parts of Long Island at least. In 1685, the opposition became so very strong that Mr. Eburne agreed to modify his course. At a town meeting held at Setauket about this time, the subject was discussed, resulting in an agreement, which dispensed with the book, except in certain cases. The feeling ran so high that Mr. Eburne's salary seems to have been withheld, when he made an appeal to the Governor + though it does not appear how the case was settled. }
In 1686, the Duke of York being in the second year of his reign as James II., sent out a new and full set of Instructions,
* See Instructions, N. Y. Col. Docs., III., 331.
+ N. Y. Doc. Hist., Vol. III., p. 218.
# For his knowledge of this important and interesting issue, the writer is in- debted to a paper preserved in the records of Brookhaven, which were searched for him by Mr. Richard M. Bayles, of Middle Island. The following is a copy of the Document :
" Mr. Samuell Eburne the minister of this Toune, being at a toune meeting held by Mr. Justice Woodhull his Warrant Elected by a vote to be minister of this toune and Parrish & it being proposed unto him by the Toun in Regard of some tender consciences that he would omitt the ceremonies in the booke of Common Prayer in the publick worshipe, the sd mr. Samuell Eburne hath pro- mised & by the presents covenant and promise to and with the Inhabitants and Parrishoners of this Toune, that according to their desire with regard of their ten- der consciences to Omitt and not use the aforesd ceremonies neither in his Publick worshipe or administracon of the Sacraments excepting to such persons as shall desire the same. In Wittness whereof the sd Samuell Eburne hereunto set his hand.
" Witness my hand
" SAMUELL EBURNE, Minister."
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dated May 29, 1686, in which Instructions he gave particular directions concerning ecclesiastical affairs, recognizing the Church as an Establishment.
In these Instructions the Archbishop of Canterbury, in- stead of the Bishop of London, is invested with the ecclesi- astical jurisdiction, the King having had a misunderstanding with the latter. Sanscroft himself was displaced, and the supervision was then exercised by the Bishops of Durham, Rochester and Peterborough, until it returned to the See of London.
Speaking of ecclesiastical affairs, Dongan, the Roman Catholic Governor, says: " Every town ought to have a Min- ister. New York has, first, a Chaplain belonging to the Fort of the Church of England ; secondly a Dutch Calvinist ; thirdly a French Calvinist ; fourthly a Dutch Lutheran- there bee not many of the Church of England; few Roman Catholic ; abundance of Quakers-Ranting Quakers ; preach- ers, men and Women especially ; singing Quakers; Sabbata- rians ; Anti-Sabbatarians; some Anabaptists, some Inde- pendents, some Jews ; in short of all sorts of opinions there are some, and the most part of none at all."* While "The Great Church, which serves both the English & the Dutch, is within the Fort which is found to be very inconvenient therefore I desire that there may bee an order for their build- ing an other, ground already being layed out for that purpose, and they wanting not money in store where with all to build it." He also says : " As for the King's natural-born-subjects that live on Long Island & other parts of Government I find it a hard task to make them pay their ministers."+ At this
* Cadillac, in his Memoir on Acadia, 1692, says of New York: "There may be in the toun five hundred men capable of bearing arms, but they could [mus- ter] three thousand men in a short time. Here it must be remarked that there are a great many Quakers or Tumblers who are non-combatants. The Dutch Church is in the fort. The garrison consists of 60 men. The population is composed of Calvinists, Lutherans, Anabaptists, Jews, Quakers, Abadiens, French Protestants and some Catholics. Each sect has its Church and freedom of relig- ion." He adds, "there are about forty English families."-N. Y. Col. Docs., IX., 548.
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