USA > New York > Ulster County > The history of Ulster County, New York > Part 9
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Daniel De Bois
Coenraedt Elmendorph Jun'r
Jacobus Schoonmaker
Gysbert Hend'k Krom
Thomas Nottingham
Leonard Hardenbergh
Abraham Van Wagenen
Cornelis New Kerck
Cornelis De Witt
Jacob Rutsen Jun'r
Cornelis New Kerck
Harma Rosekrans Philip Dumon
Petrus Ten Broeck
Lucius Elmendorph
Wilhelmus Van Hooghtyling J'r
Abraham Kiersted
Joghem Schoonmaker Jun'r
James Scott
Wessel Jacobs Ten Broeck
William Krom Jun'r
Totil 60.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE CORPORATION OF KINGSTON UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT JOHN PERSEN
Capt John Persen Lievte. Peter Oosterhout
Ensign Edward Whittaker
Sarja Aarey Newkerk
Sarja Ned Davenport Sarja Jacobus Van Dyck
Corpo Samuel Nights
Corpo Nathan Dubois Corpo Solomon Freer Dromer Andries Van Leven
Samuel Wood
Humphy Davenport Mosas Youman
Jacobus Roosa
Coenradt Elmendorp
Brure Decker John Decker
Jacobus Persen Phillip Hoof Hendricus Oosterhout Daniel Whittaker Samuel Davenport Cornelis Persen
Tobias Winekoop Jacobus Debois Jn'r Samuel Debois William Whittaker Jacobus Whittaker
William Myre
Christian Myre William Legg
John Davenport Jn'r Johanes Schram Corne Longing Dyck
Edward Whittaker Jun'r
Petrus Tappen
Danill Haasbrock
Abraham Hardenbergh
Abraham de Lamatre
Jan Tuenis Oosterhout
Martie Middagh
COLONIAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.
97
Peter Van Leven Nemiah Debois Ricard Davenport Andris Hoof Abra Harcenberge Anthony Sleght John Legg Jn'r
Johannes Humble Godfrey Woolf Jn'r Frederick Row Michel Planck
Jurian Tappen
Robert Bever
Totall 47.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE CORPORATION OF KINGSTON UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. TJRCK VAN KEUREN.
Capt Tjrck Van Keuren Lievten't Abraham Low Ensign Dirck Winekoop Serg't William Swart
Serg't Tobias Van Bueren
Corp'l Petrus Smedes
Corp'l Ephraim Dubois
Corp'l Marynis Van Aken
Drom'r Corn'l Jansen
Willem Eltinge Peter Van Aken
Corn'l Perse
Robert Beever
Thomas Beekman
Mooses Jorck
Evert Bogardus Cornelis Van Kueren
Joseph Chonsalisduck
Cornelis Sleght David De Lamatter Frans Hendrick Nicholas Bogardus Jan Heermans
Jacobus De Ioo
Dirck Teerpen
Maaş Bloemendal
Tuenis Van Steenbergh
Jacobus Eltinge
Hendrikus Slegh
Johannis Felter
Jame Letsin
Peter Vanderline
Hiskiah Dubois Evert Winekoop Jn'r
Abra Lome Jn'r
Tobias Van Steenbergh
Jacobus Van Kueren
Jan Van Aken Johannis Chonsalisduck Jan Perse Jn'r Petrus Low
Willen Krom Petrus Van Aken William Deen Dirck Van Vleet Jn'r
Isaac Van Wagenen
Benjamin Van Vleet
Abra Van Kueren Gerett Freer
Johannis Van Vleet Totil 60.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE CORPORATION OF KINGSTON UNDER THE COMMAND OF
Capt Tjrck Dewitt Left Petrus Bogardus Insi Igenas Dumont Serj't Jury Snyder Serj't William Wells Serj't Petrus Viele
Petrus Eltinge
Cornl De Lametter Jn'r
Johannis Dubois Abra De Lamatter Johans Ba: De Witt
Jacob Turck
Abra Van Steenbergh
Giedeon Van Aken
Thimoteos Van Steenbergh
Jan Lome
:
98
THE COUNTY OF ULSTER.
Corpo Lukas Dewitt Corpo Peter Dumont Corpo Wilhelmus Houghteling Clark Jarman Pick
Zacryas Hoffman, Ju'r
Phillip Viele Ju'r
Petrus Edmundus Elmendorp
Sam'll Wells
Lenard Herdenbergh
Corne Viele
Jacob Hardenbergh
Corne Marston
Peter Leehonte
John Masten
Jacobus Deyoe
Gerritt Viele
Johans Degrave
Jacobus Dumond
Corne Vankuren
Benja Marten
Jacobus Vanetten
John Maclene
Mattys Merkell
Antony Hoffman
Hendrick Vreligh
Hendr Vankuren
Coenrad Rechtmire
Tuenis Ploegh
Heskia Winekoop
Dirck Shepmoes
Gerrett Davenport
Johanes Wiele
Art Masten
Geritt Van Steenbergh
Coenra Vanburen
Albert Beein
Johanis Masten
Dirck Teepening
John Waters
Christian Derick
Henry Ellis
Frederick Row
Jacob Mauris
Tobias Winekoop
Isaac Wheeler
William Bell
Humph Davenport
Arie Delonga
Peter Burgar
Corne Vandenbergh
Isaac Dubois
Johans Hoghteling
Johans Shepmoes
Jacob Dubois Ju'r
Totl1 61.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE CORPORATION OF KINGSTON UNDER THE COMMAND OF
Capt Hendrick H. Schoonmaker
Leut : John Sleght
Insjn Lawrens Van Gaasbeck
Sarj. Edward Wood
Sarj. Dirck Van Vleet
Sarj. Jacobus De Lametter
Corpo Teunis Swart
Corpo Johannes Snyder Corpo William Oosterhout
Clark Benjamin Sleght
John Ploegh
Peter Winne
Heskiah Schoonmaker
Teunis A. Swart
Hendricus Ploegh Jn'r
Aarent Ploegh
Hendr Krynse Oosterhout
John Wittaker Abra Burhans Cryn Oosterhout
Petrus Krynse Oosterhout Johannis Burhans Jn'r
Poules Pelen
Bowdewine Vanderlip
Jan Peterse Oosterhout Marta Snyder
Zachary Backer
Lawrence Salisbury Aares Van Steenbergh
Abra Post Abra Oosterhout Jan Woolf Johannis Burhans
Teunis Van Bunschote Wilhelmus Demyer Jacobus Van Steenbergh Hendricus Ploegh
Corne Van Kuren, Ju'r
COLONIAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.
99
Teunis Oosterhout Jan Krinse Oosterhout Hendrick Brinck Jacob Brinck Lawrens Swart
Abra Davenport Petrus Oosterhout Cornr Swart Grieg Magriegere Totll 46.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF MARBLETOWN UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. DANIEL BRODHEAD.
Capt Daniel Brodhead Lievt John Dewitt
Ensign John Brodhead
Serjeant Martin Bogart
Serjeant Jacobus Bush
Serjeant Thomas Keator
Corporal Cornelius Van Kampen
Corporal Christopher Davis
Corporal Jacob Keator Drummer Peter Vandenbergh Clerke Ric'd Pick
Lambert Brinck
Hendr Bush
Johannes Van Luven
John Price
Lambert Bush
Andreas Van Luven Jacob Keyser
Moses Depuy
Valentine Smith
Johans Vandermarke
Tuenis Klarwater
Thoms Vandermarke
Frederick Davis
Nicholas Vandermarke
Gysbt Roosa
Thoms More John Kron
Jan Roosa James Algar Hartman Hine
Henry Krom Jn'r
Arien Vandermarke
Lewis Bevier
Jacob Vandermarke
Johanas Kool
Jacob Middagh
Andreas Conterman
Jacobus Tack
Henry Conterman
Isaac Tack
Adam Hoffman
Johannes Jansen Dirck Bush
Abra Constaple
Melgart Ketor
Moses Cantien
Thos Vandermarke
Nicholas Keyser
Augustinus Ketor
William Hine
Hendr Vandermarke Dirck Keyser
John Wood
Samuel Davis
Johannes Elting Anthony Gerrits Jacob Sleyter
Nicholas Sleyter
Nicha Sloyter Jn'r
Johannes Depuy
Richard Lonsberry
William Ennis Augus Vandemarke
Ephaim Chambers
Dirck Keyser Jn'r
Jacob Keyser Jn'r Fredr Schoomker
Samuel Cock Benja Davis Alexander Ennis Andrew Kernith Isaac Van Kampen Samuel Mourits Johans Thomas Johannes Bush James Robinson Mathew Algar Corne Tack Jn'r
Robert Maginnis
Hendricus Van Steenburgh
100
THE COUNTY OF ULSTER.
Henry Jansen Thos Bush Fredr Keator
Power Easel Edward Robason John Smith Totll 80.
A LIST OF THE COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE WALL A KILL UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. JOHN BYARD.
Capt John Byard Lievt William Borland Ensign William Keils Serj't John Newkerk Corpo John Miller
Lendert Coll
Celab knep
Cornelius Coll
Robert McCord
Barnat Coll
William fallkne
John Robeson
Ezrail Rodgr
John McNeill
Jeremiah Rodgr
Andraw borland
Robert Buchanan
John borland
James Egar
John McNeill Ju'r
Sojornars Her
James Glispy
Thomas McCollom
Thomas Glispy
John Haves
John Willkine
M kam Clein
William Wilkins
Jury burger
Andraw Graham
Hugh flenign
George Olloms
Benja benot
John North
Patrick Mc peick
John North Ju'r
John Eldoris
Samuel North
Patrick Galasby
James Young Robert Young
Samuel mith
Mathew Young
Jopth Teall
John Andraws
James Craford
James McNeill
Joseph Sutter
James Craford
David Cree
John Craford
Edward Andrews
Alexander Milligan
Samuel Crayford
Nathaneill Hill Alixd kid
Phillip Milsbugh
Archabald Hunter
Cronamas Mingus
James Hunter
Stuffel Moll James Rodgr
Benja Hins (Haines)
James Whit John Manly
John McNeill Senior Mathew Prea William Craford
francius walls
Robert Hughby
Robert hunter James Munall Gors Monull John Munall William Monall
Hendrick Crist Hunas Crist
Lowrance Crist Mattys Milsbigh and his son John Mings Stevanis Crist Jacob bush Hannas Crane
Thomas Neils Robert Neils John Neils Mathew Neils
Endrew Doell
John Wharrey
John Lowry
1
David Gill, Jr.
IOI
COLONIAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.
Nathaniell jojter John Neily ju'r Joseph butteltown Thomas Colman Joseph Shaw pathrick broodrick William Soutter
John butfield
John Mc ye John Jones Joseph knap Isakiah Gaill
John Yong Hendrick Newkerk
Frederick Sanzabus Cornelius walls
Cronamas falter Richard Gatehouse
John boyls Richard boyls John Jameson
John McDonall
James Davis
totll 114.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF HURLY UNDER THE COM- MAND OF CAPT. CORNELIS WINE COOP.
Capt Cornelis Wine Coop Left Antonie Crispel Insin Abraham Ten Eyck
Serje Hendrick Konstaple Corp'l Solomon fer Willege Corp'1 Jacob Vanwagene Drom'r Marynis Chambers Jan Van Duese Clarke
Nicolas Blansjan Lambert Brinck
Tuenis Oostrander Jan Roosa Hendrick Oostrander
Gerret Konstaple Johannis Crospel
Johannis Suylandt Arie Van Etten Gerret Jeo Freer Harmanus Oostrander
Daniel potter Jan Ja : Roosa Abra Roosa
Nicolas Roosa
Benja Clearwater
Jan ter Willege Ju'r
Robert Wieler Wouter Sluyter Evert Sluyter Willem Smit
Jan Van Deuse Ju'r Jan Brinck Johannis Oostrander Ju
Willem Sluyter Ju'r Hendrick Ja: Freer Jan Waters Albert Ja: Roosa Mattheus Nienkerck
Benja Nieukerck Petrus Crispel
Willem Burhans
Jacop Clyn Jacop Oostrander
Totll 60.
Gerret Van Wagenen Johans Van Wagenen Aert Van Wagenen Matys Blansyan Ju'r Simon Helm Adam Sjeever Jefta De Lange Crisstoffel Brosie Antonie Crispel Ju'r Johan's Konstaple Andries Van Vliet
Heyman Roosa Jan A Roosa Gysbert Roosa Ju'r Jan Crispel Ju'r Drick Roosa
Ned Wieler Edvart Chammers
IO2
THE COUNTY OF ULSTER.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF ROCESTER (ROCHESTER)
UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. CORNELIUS HOORNBECK.
Capt Cornelius Hoornbeck
Lieut phillip Dubois
Ensign Cornelius B: Low
Serja Johannis Hoornbeck
Serja John Wesbroeck
Serja Harmanis Rosekrans
Corpo Samuel Swarthout Corpo Tuenis Middagh Corpo Manuel Gonsalis
Arien Van Vliet
John Schoonmaker
John Hillmen
Peter Westbroeck
Jacob Kelder
Tobias Hoornbeck
William Kelder
Jacobus Hoornbeck
Felter Kelder
Lowrence Cortreght
Benja van wagenen
Mathew Cortreght
John Robeson
Peter Cortreght
Jacob Dewitt Ju'r
Hendrick Cortreght
John Dewitt
Johannis Ketor
Cornelius Winekoop
Isaac Van Aken
Jacobus Terwillige
Charles Danneson
John Terwillige
Richard Kittle
Jacobus Quick
Benja Roggers
Jacobus Depue
Wessel Vernoy
Joha Hendrickson
Coenradt Vernoy
Joha Krom
Michel Helm Petrus Low
Hendrick Krom
Daniel Schoonmaker
Lawies Bovier Ju'r
Jocham Fra: Schoonmaker
Cornelius Bovier
Johannis Miller
Samuel Bovier Ju'r
Josaphat Dubois
Jacob Bovier
Manuel Gonsalis Ju'r
Jacob Middagh
Abra Middagh
Isaac Middagh
Petrus Oosterhout
Johannis Middagh
Hende Oosterhout Jonathan Westbroeck
Janies Simson Jacob Vandermarke
Geradus Van Inwegen
Benja Coddebeck
William Coddebeck
Johannis Westbroeck Matheus Terwillige Nicklas Low Abra Low Cornelius Low Tacobus Low Johannis Oosterhout
Abra Coddebeck Peter Jemare
Totll 81.
Jacob Vernoy Tuenis Oosterhout Ju'r Kryn Oosterhout Nicholas Ketor
Jeremia Van Derkerke
Benja Hoornbeck Dirck Hoornbeck
Frans Kelder
103
COLONIAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE PALS (PALTZ) UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. ZACHARIAS HOFFMAN.'
Capt Zacharias Hoffman Lievt Benjamin Smedes Ju'r Ensign Zacharias Hoffman Ju'r
Serj's John Teer penning Serj's John Freer Serj's Evert Terwillege Corpo Christian Dujo Corpo Hendrick Deyo Corpo Isaac Lefever
Isaac freer Tuenis Terpening Jan Une Jonas freer
Arie Terwillige William Schoot Cornelius bruyn
William Ja : Decker
Jacob Ja : Decker
Abra Ja: Decker
Isaac Ja : Decker
Benja Ja : Decker
Jacob He : Decker
Abra He: Decker
Abra Terwillige
Isaac Terwillige
Evert Terwillige Ju'r
Robert Cain
John Gream
William Weller
Hendrick Weller
Isaac Haasbroeck
Auguste Van Deermerke
Jacob Ge: Decker James Pinnick Daniel Winfiel
Jacob Haasbroeck Ju'r
Benja Haasbroeck Ju'r
Zacharias Klarwater
Abra Bovier
Mathues Bovier
Jacobus Bovier
Isaac Bovier
Abra Lefever
Nathael Lefever
Benja Haasbroeck
Symon Dubois
Isaac Lefever Ju'r
Peter De : jo
Huge Freer Ju'r
Hendrick Van Wijak
Abra Vandermerke
Lewis Sa : Bovier
William Armstrong Robert Jong Mathew Jong
John Jemeson Robert Hanne
John Magdonel
Johannes Masseker
Totll 94
James Agmodi Simon Lefever Petrus Low
Johannis Low Josia Elting Abra Dujo Cornelius Dubois Jonathan Dubois Josua Smedes Gerett Ja : Decker Stevanis Swart John Robertse Hendr Dubois Mosis Dujo
Manewel ter Willige Johannes Terwillige Hendrick Decker Petrus Terwillige
Thoms Janson Ju'r William Rosekrans Corns Schoonmaker Ju'r Corns Cool Johannis Cool Lewis Pontenere Andrew Grames Robert Greams John Blake James Jonston Salamon Isrel Samuel Sampson Roger Blamles Richard Davis
Lawrence Eldorp Tomas Maccoun John Andrew
104
THE COUNTY OF ULSTER.
A LIST OF THE FOOT COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE PRESENK OF TEE HIGHLAND UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. THOS. ELLISON.
Capt Thomas Ellison
Lievt George Harrison
Ensign John Young Serjent David Davis
Serjent Patrick McCloghry
Serjent Mosas Garitson
Corpo Jacobus Bruyn Jur
Corpo James Stringham
Corpo Jonathan Hazard Clark Charles Clinton
John Umphrey
Johannis George
James Gamble
Jeremiah Tomkins
John Gamble
Isaac Tomkins
Cornelius McClean
William Watts
John Umphry Ju'r
Josiah Elsworth
James Umphry
James Elsworth
Peter Mulinder
Anthony Preslaer
Robert Burnet Archibald Beaty Arthur Beaty
John Nicoll Ju'r
David Olliver
Alexander McKey Robert Sparks
Mathew Davis
Jevriah Quick
Alexander Falls
Thomas Quick
Alexander Denniston
Jacob Gillis
James Young David Bedford
James Clark
William Coleman
Peter Miller
Joseph Sweezer
George Waygant
Thomas Coleman
William Ward
William Ward Ju'r
John McVey John Jones Patrick Broderick
William Smith Ju'r
Joseph Shaw Calab Curtis William Sutten
Tobias Waygate Jerry Mause
Thomas Johnston
Casparis Stymas
John Monger
James Luckey
Thomas Williams
Robert Banker Thomas Fear
Frederick Painter
Mosas Elsworth John Marie
Jonathan Owens
Andrew McDowell Daniel Coleman
Tot 86
Joseph Butterton Samuell Lukey John Markham John Read Joseph McMikhill David Umphrey
John Mattys Kimbergh
James Edmeston
Jeremiah Foster Charles Beaty Amas Foster John Clark Lodewick Miller James Nealy Robert Feef
Joseph Simson
Jonathan Tomkins
105
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
CHAPTER VII
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
O recount the connection of the people of Ulster County, through their representatives, with the great events of the world's history, is one of the duties of the local historian. Unfortunately it is a field of inquiry in which those of the present generation are not as a rule well informed, and unfortunately, the pages of a local history are too limited for a general review of the politics and the wars of Europe which affected the American Colonies. Substantially the first of the series of events which culminated, in 1760, in the final overthrow of the occupa- tion of Canada by the French and practically of the domination of France on the North American continent, was what is known as the War of 1744, which involved England, France, and Spain; the capture of Havana and the West India Islands by England, the devastations by the French and of the Indians along the northern frontiers of New England, and the threatened invasion of the province of New York. True it is, as Bancroft wrote, "the little conflicts in America are lost in the universal conflagra- tion of Europe."
It was not until 1746 that the province of New York began to make preparations for engaging in the pending conflict; its territory had not been invaded, thanks to the English alliance with the Six Nations, who, under their treaty of peace with the Abenaqui and the tribes in its alliance, held those nations to the line of the Housatonic, east of which the in- vaders might slay and burn without their interfering with treaty obli- gations, while on the west side farmers ploughed their fields in sight of the blazing dwellings of their neighbors. By the indiscreet act of passing the boundary line and capturing and burning Fort Massachusetts on the border of New York, the warriors of the Six Nations were released from their obligations and were ready for the fray-their territory had been invaded. The success which had attended the colonial troops of Massa- chusetts and Rhode Island in the capture of Louisburg, aroused the King of England to further aggressive action. "His most gracious Majesty
106
THE COUNTY OF ULSTER.
having been pleased to set on foot an expedition for the reduction of Can- ada," reads the act of the Colonial Assembly of July 5, 1746, authorizing the expenditure of Forty Thousand Pounds "for carrying on an expedi- tion against Canada," and asking the enlistment of volunteers to whom a bounty of six pounds each (about $14.40) was offered. Some enlist- ments appear to have been made in New York prior to the passage of the act, and some may have been made in Ulster. Of record only is the roll in 1746, without date of day or month:
"MUSTER ROOL OF CAPT. JOHN HASBROUCK'S COMPANY OF MILITIA, LIEUT. COL. JOHANNES HARDENBERG'S REGIMENT, IN GENERAL SCOTT'S BRIGADE, AT OR NEAR THE WHITE PLAINS:
Capt. John Hasbrouck, Present fit for duty.
Lieut. John Hunter,
Lieut. Jacobus Rosekrans, on command, with Col. Lasher.
Serg't James Hugg,
Present fit for duty.
Serg't David Etkins
Serg't Joseph Chambers 66
€6
Corp'l Samuel Lewis
Corp'l Jonathan Westbrouck 66
66 66
Corp'l Johannis Rosa
Private Stephen Nottingham ¥
6¢
James Robinson 66
Isaac Newkirk, Discharged.
Pieter Mowris, Present fit for duty. 66
Daniel Johnson,
William Conner,
Cornelius D. De Witt, 66
Peter Hendrickson, on command with Col. Lasher.
Henry Harp, sick, present,
Henry Oosterhout, Present fit for duty.
Thomas Crispell "
Abraham Middaugh, Discharged,
John Present fit for duty.
John Depuy
Johannes Keyser, 46
Jacob Shaw Craft, "
66 66
Henry Kittle,
66
Cornelius Sluyter, sick, present,
Pieter Thompson, present fit for duty, Jacob Harley
Thomas Shurley, Discharged,
Cornelius Coneway,
William Benson, Present fit for duty,
Ghysbert Vab Demerke, Discharged.
Thyrn Oosterhoudt, Present fit for duty.
James Termon,
66
66
Petrus Oosterhoudt
Hewitt Boice.
سم
107
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
John Sluyter, on command with Col. Lasher, William Sluyter, Present fit for duty,
James Phoenix,
66
Frederick Hymes,
66
66
Loderick Selie,
66
Gideon Dean, on command with Col. Lasher,
Pieter Frere, Discharged,
Benjamin Stanton, Present fit for duty,
Pieter Degarimo, sick, present,
Pieter Van Vlerke, Discharged,
William Wheeler, Unfit for duty
Hendrick Wessmiller, Unfit for duty,
James Malony, Present fit for dutv,
Hendrick Krom, Absent with leave,
Hugy Lacy, Lister in the train of artillery,
John Jeffers, 66 66
David Burns,
John Crisby, 66
66
66
Dirick Sluyter, Deceased, John Hyneson.
It should not be inferred that this company included all the enlistments from Ulster; it is simply the only return on file. This explanation will also apply to lists at later periods.
Nothing more than a petty warfare followed the arrangements for the reduction of Canada. Pending formidable aggressive movement in that direction, the war was closed by the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle in 1748, and the disbandment of the provincial forces followed in September of that year.
But peace was of short continuance; the opposing interests of France and England were inimical to peaceful relations; another factor was the Indians. Briefly summarizing the situation: By the treaty of Aix la Chapelle the "subjects of France, inhabitants of Canada," were not to "disturb or molest in any manner whatever" the Five Indian Nations which were the "subjects of Great Britain," nor the "other American allies" of the government ; the boundaries between the English and French possessions, along the rivers St. Lawrence and Mississippi, were left entirely undetermined, and no provision was made for the removal of the fort, which the French had erected at Crown Point, on Lake Champlain, and at Niagara. Securing from the Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, and Oneidas the declaration that they were "independent tribes" and not the "subjects of Great Britain," the French resumed the policy of connecting the St. Lawrence with the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of forts along that river to Detroit and down the Ohio to the Mississippi. This policy was
Cornelius Krom,
108
THE COUNTY OF ULSTER.
inimical to the interests of England; self-interest as well as self-defence demanded that the construction of the forts should be anticipated if pos- sible-if not, that their occupation by the French should be resisted. Virginia organized what was known as the Ohio Company, for the osten- sible purpose of securing the Ohio Valley, and gave patent to Christopher Gist to make treaties with the Indians and select locations. The Senecas, the Lenapes and the Shawanoes, whose territory was thus invaded by the opposing civilizations, did not regard these movements with favor. Looking over the situation the ruling Senaca chief remonstrated : "Where," he asked, "lie the lands of the Indians? The French claim all on one side of the river, and the English all on the other." He retired dissatisfied. The French went on with their forts; Virginia demanded that they give reason "for invading the British possessions"; the French commander knew no law but the orders of his general; the casus belli which Virginia sought was supplied; war followed, and the campaign and defeat of Braddock followed, but the end was not reached.
Meanwhile the Lenape, or Delawares, had some grievances to settle. They had been defrauded of their lands by the famous "walking pur- chase," and by the purchasers of the Minisink lands who had made them drunk and refused to pay them when they became sober. The Esopus chiefs joined in the complaint as parties in interest ; the borders of New Jersey and New York, as well as the wildernesses of Pennsylvania, were filled with the protestations of disfranchised proprietors ; the Five Nations gave them encouragement. No sooner had the frost reddened the maple leaves and hardened the yellow corn in the husk, than, with their allies, painted black for war, in bands of two or four, they moved eastward and the line of the Delaware and the Susquehanna became the scene of the carnival which they held with torch and tomahawk during many coming months; the French and Indian War of 1754 was inaugurated, not to cease so long as the flag of France waved in Canada ; not to cease until it was determined whether America should be Catholic or Protestant- whether Catholic France or Protestant England should rule-the avant courier of the American Revolution, the abolition of sectarian rule, the enthronement of a nation that should know "no King but God." It practically terminated in 1760, September 5th, with the surrender of Montreal to the English. On that day French power in Canada ceased, although the formal treaty of peace and the cession of Canada to England
109
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
was not concluded until the signing of the Treaty of Paris, February 16th, 1763.
In local history the general history of the war has only incidental place-its local events and the men who participated in them, principally its militia, are properly the field of review. The French forces came not upon the borders of the county-the invaders were the Lenape and their allies who carried fire and tomahawk and made its southwestern frontiers a weary burden. A paper endorsed "Observations on the State of Ulster and Orange counties, sent to the General Assembly in March, 1756," presumed to have been written by Colonel Thomas Ellison, recites : "The southern part of Ulster County, is in general a settled country, and the settlements and improvements generally made by poor people. * By the frequent and repeated incursions of the Indians on that part of Pennsylvania adjoining to these counties, and afterwards on some parts of these counties, the people have been kept in frequent and almost perpetual alarm whereby the inhabitants have been in continued military duty so as to be rendered incapable of taking care of their private affairs for the support of their families, and the hardships attending these mili- tary duties in watching and ranging the woods has been so great that the people are distressed and almost worn out with fatigue. An extent of country on the west side of the Wallkill of 15 miles in length and 7 or 8 in breadth is now abandoned by the inhabitants." * For the pro- tection of the exposed frontier, Gov. Hardy, in the summer of 1757, had block houses erected covering a distance of thirty miles, or from Mom- baccus (Rochester) to Maghaghkamik, where they connected with the block houses of New Jersey extending along the border of that province. The block houses were garrisoned by detachments from the militia and specially enlisted companies of which there is of record only one under command of Capt. James Clinton.
The enrollment of the militia regiments, and of the companies of volun- teers in the service of the Province during the war, is very imperfect. In 1757, the regiment which had existed for many years was divided, and two regiments constituted, the first under the command of Colonel Johan- nis Hardenbergh, whose associate field officers are not of record so far as ascertained, and the second under command of Colonel Thomas Ellison, who has been met on the rolls of 1738 as Captain of the most southerly company of the Ulster regiment of that period. Colonel Ellison's (sec-
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