USA > New York > Washington County > Washington county, New York; its history to the close of the nineteenth century > Part 51
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The Second Advent Church was organized January 1, 1851, but the Adventists had held meetings for two years prior to that time. They built their church in 1852 and their Sunday school was organized in 1853.
The West Hebron Classical School was chartered by the Regents of the University of the State of New York, March 22, 1855, and the North Hebron Institute was opened in 1850.
TOWN OF PUTNAM.
This town lies in the extreme north of Washington County and is entirely within the isthmus that separates Lake George from Lake Champlain. Its surface is rocky and mountainous, and its three ranges of hills include the valleys of Charter Brook and Mill Brook. The western range rises abruptly from the waters of Lake George and some of its peaks attain an altitude of 1,000 feet above the level of the lake. The most prominent of these is Anthony's Nose, situated just where Lake George bends sharply to the eastward, on its way to join Lake Champlain. The northern point lies partly in Ticon- deroga, and is the historic Mount Defiance, prominent in the wars of
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the eighteenth century. Another range of hills runs along the eastern part of the town, a short distance from the shore of Lake Champlain, and another range traverses the central part of the town.
On the shores of Lake George are two beautiful bays, Blair Bay and Gull Bay. In the southern part of the town there is a small sheet of water called Mud Pond, which lies three hundred feet above Lake George. About two-thirds of the surface of the town is too rough and rocky for cultivation, but the tillable portions are fertile and productive.
A graphite mine of superior quality was opened in the southern part of the town years ago, and a mill was built to manufacture it into a marketable commodity, but the project did not prove remunerative and was abandoned. Recently, however, there has been considerable interest manifested in the graphite wealth of the town and outside capitalists have done some prospecting among the hills.
The town of Putnam is bounded on the north by Essex County, on the south by Dresden, on the west by Lake George, and on the east by Lake Champlain. It was formerly a part of Westfield, now Fort Ann, and was erected into a separate town, February 28, 1806. It was named Putnam after the famous General Israel Putnam. In 1806 its territory also comprised the present town of Dresden, which was set off in 1822.
The first town meeting was held at the residence of James Burnet April 4, 1806, and following is the list of supervisors and town clerks from that date down to 1900:
Supervisors-1806-10, John Gourly: 1811-12, James Burnet; 1813-15, Robert Cummings; 1816-17, Alex. MeLaughlin; 1818-19, David Congdon; 1820, Alex. Mc- Laughlin ; 1821. David Congdon ; 1822-25, Peter Hutton; 1826-29, Robert Easton; 1830, Alex. Mclaughlin; 1831-34, Alex. Robertson; 1835, Andrew Meiklejohn; 1836, Robert Wright; 1837, Alex. Robertson; 1838-39, James Blair; 1840-41, William Hutton; 1842-43, Williani G. Corbet; 1844-45, John Wright; 1846, John Backus; 1847-48, Alexander Wiley; 1849, William G. Corbet; 1850-51, Robert Paterson, Jr. : 1852-53, D. Williamson, Jr. ; 1854-55, James McLaughlin : 1856-57, John Gourly; 1858-59, James Leidgerwood; 1860-61, Henry Beldin; 1862-63, A. G. Meiklejohn; 1864-65, Anthony Anderson; 1866-67, William McArthur; 1868-69, Arnold Hulett; 1870-71, Thomas Leilley : 1872-73, William McArthur; 1874, Thomas Leidgerwood; 1875-76, Robert P. Graham; 1877-78, Henry D. Easton; 1879-80, William Graham; ISSI-84, George W. Thompson; 1885-86, James Blair; 1887-88, D. E. Higgins; 1889- 90, R. P. Graham; 1891, G. F. Burnett; 1892, George G. Burnett; 1893-97, D. C. Easton ; 1898-1900, John G. MeArthur.
473
GAZETTEER OF TOWNS-PUTNAM.
Town Clerks-1806-17, George Willey; 1818-19, Truman Clark; 1820, George Willey; 1821, Anthony D. Weich; 1822-23, George Willey ; 1824-25, Abel Comstock ; 1826-28, Alex. Robertson; 1829-31, George Willey ; 1832-33, Daniel Williamson ; 1834, James Blair; 1835-38, George Willey ; 1839, William Hutton; 1840-42, George Willey ; 1843, William M. Wiley; 1844, William E. Woodstock; 1845-47, William G. Corbet; 1848, James Bennett ; 1849-50, James McLaughlin ; 1851-54, William G. Corbet; 1855, George Easton ; 1856-57, D. Williamson, Jr .; 1858, James McLaughlin; 1859-61, I). Williamson, Jr .; 1862, Alex. C. Thompson; 1863-65, D. Williamson, Jr. ; 1866, Wil- liam Mclaughlin, Jr. ; 1867, D. Williamson, Jr. ; 1868-83, Charles W. Williamson; 1884-85, D. A. Higgins; 1886-88, Frank Dedrick; 1889-96, C. W. Williamson; 1897- 1900, G. E. Dedrick.
The territory embraced by this town was composed of two tracts, namely, Turner's Patent and Hutton's Bush. The former lay in the western part of the town, the latter in the eastern part. Hutton's Bush was so named after William Hutton, who was an early settler. It appears that a man named Hodgson came to this part of the country to examine the .land, and returning to Scotland sold the tract to Wil- liam Hutton & Co. Hutton came to America and resided at White- hall for a time before settling upon the tract, which he retained, after a lawsuit with another claimant named John Williams. Hutton, his. lawyer, a man named Dickinson, of Lansingburgh, and William Cockburn, who surveyed the tract, divided it equally; Dickinson taking the northern part, Hutton the center and Cockburn the south- ern part.
The first settlement was made in Putnam, near the center of the town, by Joseph Haskins, a squatter, who built a log house on lot No. 22. He came about 1782, and subsequently acquired a title to his land. After him came William Hutton in 1784, George Easton in 1785, and soon afterwards several others, among whom were: Robert Cummings, Alexander Corbet, Alexander McLaughlin, James Burnet, John Gourlie, Pelatiah Bugbee, William Jones, George Wiley, James McArthur, Luther Gaut, George Rickert, Aaron Backus, Christopher Burgess, Levi Harrington, Asahel Harrington, Abiathar Odell, Samuel Rogers, Philo Rogers, Samuel MeCarl, Dyer Perry, Jonas Odell, Josiah Clark, Leman Bunce, Frederick Dedrick, Jolın Hale, Luke Welch, Ephraim Case, Peleg Durfee, John Butterfield, Ords B. Johnson and John Hale, Jr. These came in between the years 1786 and 1803.
Regarding the early settlement of the extreme northern part of the town there is a curious legend that it was first settled by negroes;
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WASHINGTON COUNTY: ITS HISTORY.
hence the name Black Point. Tradition says that it was once owned by a man known as " Black Prince," and it is stated that a Prince Taylor once lived there, who was the same personage.
Putnam Academy was built in 1854, the land for its site being do- nated by George Easton.
The Free Will Baptist Church of Putnam was organized April 7, 1823, by Elder Sylvester Robinson, assisted by Elder John S. Carter and Deacon Gideon Carter. Elder Carter was the first pastor and officiated until 1825, when he was succeeded by Abraham Shear. This church passed through its share of vicissitudes; in its earlier days Elder Carter joined thé Mormons and the congregation dwindled and grew again several times. The society was not incorporated until 1860, although they had a church edifice as early as 1841. In 1858 a parsonage was built on a site leased from Deacon John Backus.
The United Presbyterian Church of Putnam, N. Y., was not organ- ized until 1803, although they are reputed to have held meetings before the year 1800. In 1803 a meeting was held at the house of William Hutton, under the authority of the Associate Presbytery of Cambridge, and at this meeting a church was organized. For several years, however, the preaching was irregular, but in 1819 they had a regular pastor, Rev. James Miller. The first church building was completed in 1817, and had been eleven years in course of construc- tion. In 1817 this church was replaced by a fine substantial building.
TOWN OF WHITEHALL.
Whitehall is one of the most historic towns in the county. It lies in the northeastern part of the county and is bounded on the east by Hampton, on the west by Fort Ann, on the south by Fort Ann and Granville, on the north and northwest by South Bay, Lake Cham- plain and the Poultney River. On its western side, and along the head of the lake, this town is rugged, but the central and eastern portions are rolling land. It is drained by Wood Creek and the Paw- let River, both of which enter from the south and after a northerly course unite in a single stream which, under the name of Wood Creek, enter the harbor at Whitehall.
In the Indian wars between the Iroquois and the Hurons and other tribes of Canadian Indians, Lake Champlain and the Hudson River were a natural military highway, for long ages before the white man
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GAZETTEER OF TOWNS-WHITEHALL.
saw their waters; and when England and France were battling for supremacy in the new world many of their expeditions traversed the same route. These operations have been detailed at length in the car- lier pages of this work, and to them the reader is referred for the full- est and best information relating thereto.
The first settlement in Whitehall was made by Major Philip Skene, a half-pay officer of the English army. He settled here, along with about thirty families who accompanied him. This was in the year 1761. After settling his colony he went to the West Indies and brought back a number of negro slaves. On his return he found that about half of his settlers had abandoned their land, and the remainder were greatly discontented. But it seems he was not discouraged by this state of affairs, for he spent his own money in improvements and secured a royal patent for 25,000 acres of land on March 13, 1765. He vigorously prosecuted the work of establishing his colony upon a per- manent basis, made extensive improvements, and with his negroes and some discharged soldiers, built a sloop to ply upon the lake, which greatly facilitated transportation. He also built a sawmill and a grist- mill at the falls on Wood Creek, and erected a stone mansion for him- self. But his energy is, perhaps, best illustrated in his work of opening up a road from Whitehall to Salem.
Whitehall was at first called Skenesborough, taking its name from its enterprising founder. "Skene's barn;" a massive stone building, was erected by him, but it has long since disappeared. The keystone to the arch of the gateway to this structure was placed in the wall of the old Episcopal church when it was erected in 1837.
When the Revolutionary War broke out Major Skene was in Eng- land, and it being currently reported that he was favorable to the King's cause, the Americans determined to break up his settlement. So, on May 13, 1775, Captain Herrick, with a party of volunteers, marched into Skenesborough and took it without opposition. Skene's son, fifty settlers and twelve slaves were taken prisoners. Soon after this General Schuyler occupied Skenesborough as his headquarters, and it was held by the patriots for more than two years. When Bur- goyne came in 1777 he occupied the Skene mansion, and Skene acted as his host. After the war Skene's lands were confiscated.
Among she early settlers in the town we mention Zebulon Fuller, Daniel Brundage, Elisha Martin, Levi Stockwell, Zebulon Tubbs, Robert Wilson, Josiah Farr, John Connor, James Burroughs, Silas
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WASHINGTON COUNTY: ITS HISTORY.
Childs, Nathaniel Earle, Jeremiah Burroughs, Joseph Daniel, Samuel Wilson, William Gordon, John Gault, Gideon Taft, Cornelius Jones, Thomas Wilson, William Higley, Levi Falkenburg, Joel Adams, Thomas Lyon, George Douglass, Samuel Hatch, Rufus Whitford, Simeon Hotchkiss, John Cogswell, Stephen Knowles, Joseph Bishop, Thomas McFarren, Ephraim Thomas, Andrew Law, Enoch Wright, Lemuel Bartholomew, Stephen Parks, Silas Baker, Isaac Warner.
Skenesborough was erected into a township March 13, 1765, but there is no record of municipal organization until 1778. In that year the first town meeting was held and Daniel Brundage and Levi Stock- well were elected supervisors and James Burroughs town clerk. In 1779 Daniel Brundage was again elected supervisor, in 1780 Levi Stockwell. Silas Childs served in 1782-3, and James Burroughs and Silas Childs in 1784. In 1786 the name of Skenesborough was changed to Whitehall.
Following is a list of the supervisors of the town since that date:
Supervisors-Daniel Earll and John Adams; 1787, Jeremiah Burroughs; 1788- 91, Cornelius Jones; 1792, Thomas Lyon ; 1793, Daniel Earll: 1794-97, Jeremiah Bur- roughs : 1798-99, Nathaniel Earle: 1800-1814, Daniel Earll; 1815, Daniel Earll; 1816- 20, Melancthon Wheeler; 1821-23, Daniel Earll: 1834-40, George Barney; 1841-42, Elisha A. Martin : 1843-44, Dennis Jones ; 1845-48-49, John H. Boyd; 1846-47, Philan- der C. Hitchcock; 1850, Daniel S. Wright; 1851-52, Oliver Bascom; 1853-54, Olif Abell; 1855-56, Alwyn Martin; 1857, Randolph C. Johnson; 1858-59, Julio T. Buel ; 1860-61, Taylor Manville ; 1862-63, Samuel Benjamin; 1864-65, Oliver Bascom; 1866, A. H. Tanner; 1867-69, Elisha A. Martin; 1870-71, George Brett; 1872, S. T. Cook; 1873-74, George Brett; 1875-77, Warren F. Bascom; 1878-So. S. C. Bull; 18SI, Augus- tus P. Cooke; 1882-83, James Spencer; 1884-85, Thomas A. Lillie; 1886-88, A. J. Long; 1889-93, Rufus R. Davis; 1894-98, Charles J. Barker; 1899-1900, Evander M. Finch.
Town Cierks-1786, Isaac Banks; 1787-91, B. Richardson; 1792-93, Asa Noyes; 1794-97, George Ackley; 1798-1802, Gideon Taft; 1803, George Ackley; 1804-7, Gideon Taft; 1808-15, Nathaniel Hall; 1816-21, Nathan Hall; 1822, Justin Smith: 1823-25. Nathan Hall; 1826-30, Gideon Taft; 1831, Julian G. Buel; 1832, Gideon Taft: 1833, James G. Caldwell; 1834-35, Edward W. Parker; 1836-40, Gideon Taft; 1841-44, Andrew Anderson ; 1845-47, Robert Doig; 1848-49, Henry Gib- son ; 1850-54, Iloratio N. Parker; 1855-56. Franklin Bascom; 1857, D. L. Falkenbury; 1858, Albert G. Bristol; 1859, D. L. Falkenbury; 1860, George Hall; 1861-67, Charles C. Rich; 1863-71, Heman C. Allen ; 1872, J. F. Clark ; 1873, James M. Wood; 1874-77, Lewis K. Pierce; 1878. E. J. Baldwin; 1879-80, O. A. Manville; 1881, F. A. Hotch- kiss; 1882, O. A. Manville; 1883, E. P. Newcomb; ISS4, O. A. Manville; 1885, E. W. Clark; 1886-88, P. W. Barry; 1889-92, R, A. Chapin; 1893, C. J. Barker; 1894-97. George D. Cull; 1898-1900, A. H. Taft.
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GAZETTEER OF TOWNS-WHITEHALL.
The East Whitehall Methodist Episcopal Church is the oldest relig- ious organization in Whitehall and one of the oldest of this denomin- ation in the county. In 1788 Samuel Wigdon was appointed to the Champlain Circuit; in 1791 meetings began in the houses of residents and in 1796 a church organization was formed under the celebrated Lorenzo Dow, who was the first pastor. In 1801 this church was in- cluded in the Brandon Circuit and in 1822 the Whitehall Circuit was formed. In 1826 a church edifice was erected.
VILLAGE OF WHITEHALL.
The very early history of this village is inwoven in that of the town and has been noticed in connection therewith. Up to 1790 there was little growth, the hamlet, as it then was, containing less than a dozen houses. A postoffice was established in 1796, but even then the pop- ulation was inconsiderable and the growth for many years appears to have been slow because the locality was reputed to be unhealthy.
When the War of 1812 broke out Whitehall again became a supply station and, to some extent, a strategic point. Government store- houses were built and fortifications upon the hill were mounted with artillery, while barracks were constructed for the troops garrisoned there. It was the rendezvous of the little army raised to resist Pro- vost's advance on Plattsburg in 1814, and after the victory of McDonough on September 14, 1814, his squadron with the prizes anchored in East Bay a short distance below the village, where they remained, side by side, until they decayed and sank at their moor- ings. In 1814 entrenchments and a magazine were erected upon Taft's Island below the village; of these there can scarcely be said to be a trace remaining.
As soon as the war was over the village began to grow and some good buildings, for that day, were erected. Among them were Anthony Rock's hotel, Henry Wiswell's block, the Bellamy House, James H. Hooker's store and Captain Archibald Smith's store, both of which had brick fronts and these were the first brick buildings in the village. James H. Hooker also had a sawmill and a gristmill and there was also a fulling mill and a stave mill in the village at that time.
In 1820 Whitehall became an incorporated village. In 1822 the Champlain Canal was opened between Fort Edward and Lake Cham-
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WASHINGTON COUNTY: ITS HISTORY.
plain and in the same year The Whitehall Emporium, the first news- paper of the village was established. In 1824 the Marquis de Lafayette visited Whitehall and was received with all the display and hospitality the village could command. He came from Burlington on the steamer Phoenix.
Whitehall is largely indebted to the steamboat navigation upon Lake Champlain for its commercial prosperity. The navigation of the lake terminates at this point where its carriers are met by the Delaware & Hudson Railroad and the Champlain Canal. The first steamer to ply upon the lake was the "Vermont," which was built at Vergennes about the year 1810.
This vessel plied between Whitehall and St. Johns, but was sunk by an accident in 1817. The " Phoenix " was built in 1816 and owned by · the Champlain Transportation Company. She was destroyed by fire in 1819. The "Champlain " was also owned by this company and was built in 1816, but was burned in Whitehall harbor in 1817. The "Congress " was built in 1819 and ran upon the lake until worn out. In 1822 a second " Phoenix " was put on the lake, but an engine, too strong for her, brought about her ruin. Others beside the Champlain Transportation Company embarked in the carrying trade and the "Franklin," the "Winooski," the "Burlington," the "Whitehall," " Francis Saltus," "Canada," and other steamers were put upon the lake and the transportation business continued to grow until it has attained its present proportions.
The Northern Transportation Company was established in 1857 and the Whitehall Transportation Company in 1867. Further information on this subject will be found in the article relating to Henry G. Bur- leigh, who was a potent factor in the carrying trade on the lake for many years.
The port of Whitehall first received official recognition in January, 1849, when it was included in an act of Congress, as such, and on March 2, 1849, President Polk issued a proclamation extending cer- tain privileges to the "Port of Whitehall." On March 16, 1850, the laws relating to Whitehall were revised and consolidated by an act which also gave it incorporation with its present limits, but the char- ter was again amended in the years 1853, 1859, 1869 and 1876.
The village records are obtainable only as far back as 1861.
Following are the names of the presidents of the village from that date :
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GAZETTEER OF TOWNS-WHITEHALL.
1861-67, A. H. Hall; 1868, W. J. Smith; 1869, A. Martin; 1870-72, D. G. Perei- val; 1873, James Doren; 1874, W. F. Bascom; 1875, N. Z. Baker; 1876-77, E. A. Martin : 1878-81, Martin Sawyer; 1882, William G. Stufflebean; 1883, Elisha A. Mar- tin; 1884, Roland E. Bascom; 1885, W. G. E. Wood; 1886, James Spencer; 1887, Warren F. Bascom; 1888-89, James Doren: 1890-94, Oscar F. Davis; 1895, Edward P. Newton; 1896-97, E. F. Horton; 1898-99, Horace A. Stevens; 1900, Nathan E. Foote.
The names of the village clerks for the same period are :
1861-63, A. J. Long; 1864, Walter Warner; 1865-67, W. A. Wilkins; 1868-69, T. S. McLachlin; 1870, T. A. Patterson; 1871, Charles Farmer, Jr. : 1872, William P. Lamb; 1873-81. D. C. Smith; 1882, James H. Burdett; 1883-84, D. C. Smith; 1885, George D. Cull; 1886, T. A. Patterson: 1887-88-89-91, Charles J. Barker; 1890, Sey- mour A. Conery ; 1892-93, Oliver B. Bascom; 1894-97, Augustus R. Stevens; 1898, Howard S. Macy ; 1899-1901, Augustus R. Stevens.
The falls of Wood Creek furnish a natural water power of large force and are located favorably for Whitehall, being not only within the village, but closely adjacent to the navigable waters of the lake. After the mills, already mentioned, had been displaced by the canal, a clothing mill was started by a man named Millard. In 1848 this mill was purchased by William Wait, who refitted it and began the manufacture of ingrain carpets. It was burned down in 1864. , This fire was quite extensive and involved a serious loss to Whitehall, con- suming not only this important industry, but also Cozzens' grist and sawmills, the sash and door factory of Crampton & Abell, and the foundry and machine shop of M. V. B. Bull.
In 1837 W. W. Cook erected a steam sawmill and planing mill, which were burnt in 1842 and rebuilt in 1843-4. They were subsequently burned down again and the present mills erected. Mr. Cook also had a planing mill on Canal street, which was burned down. D. G. Per- cival built a planing mill and O. F. Blunt began to operate it in 1852. It subsequently passed into the hands of Manville, Hall & Co., and later back to Mr. Percival. The Ames sash, door and blind factory was built about 1868, and the steam sawmill of Polly, Osgood & Co. was put in operation in 1873. In 1867 D. P. Nye started up a flour mill and soon after a foundry. The principal industries of Whitehall at present are : The Champlain Silk Mill, the Burdett & Havens Lum- ber Company, the Whitehall Lumber Company, Alexander William- son's Sash, Door and Blind Factory.
The old National Bank of Whitehall was chartered as the Bank of Whitehall in 1829, and opened its doors for business in 1831. It be-
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WASHINGTON COUNTY: ITS HISTORY.
came a national bank under its present name May 4, 1865, with a capital of $100,000. The Merchants National Bank of Whitehall was chartered as the Bank of Whitehall in 1873, and changed to a national bank, with its present name, March 12, 1875, with a capital of $150,000.
Comparatively early in its history Whitehall set about introducing pure water into the village, and in 1828 a public aqueduct was con- structed. As the population increased the supply of water thus pro- vided proved insufficient and reservoirs have been added, from time to time, to keep up an adequate supply.
A splendid armory, for the Ninth Separate Company, was com- pleted in Whitehall in the year 1900.
The First Presbyterian Church in Whitehall had its inception in the efforts of General John Williams, who collected timber and other ma- terials for a church building in 1805-6. Upon his death his son, Colonel John Williams took up the project and erected a church. The first Presbyterian body that existed in Whitehall was an Asso- ciate Reformed Church, organized in 1810 by Rev. Alexander Proudfit of Salem, but the movement died out. On September 18, 1819, the present church was organized by Rev. Samuel Blatchford, D. D., as " The First Presbyterian Church in Whitehall." They did not have a regular pastor until 1822, when Rev. John R. Coe was installed. In 1842 the church building was enlarged and improved, and in 1848 a new church was completed. The present pastor is Rev. Charles McGinnis.
The First Baptist Church in Whitehall came into historical notice in 1838, when the members met at a private residence and effected a temporary organization, which may be considered as the start of the present church. The body was formally organized July 15, 1840, and in 1841 the church was admitted into the Union Association. In 1846 they purchased the church building erected by the Episcopalians in 1837, and occupied it until 1874, when it was burned down, but a new church was completed and dedicated in 1876. The present pastor is Rev. Noah Richards.
The Methodist Episcopal Church in Whitehall was organized in 1822, by Rev. Philo Ferris. They worshiped in private houses until about 1832, when they built a church, which was improved in 1848 and again in 1863. Rev. W. C. Chapman is the present pastor.
Trinity Episcopal Church came into existence about 1834, under
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GAZETTEER OF TOWNS-WHITE CREEK.
Rev. Palmer Dyer, and their church building was erected in 1837. In 1843 they built their second church and sold the first to the Baptist congregation. In 1866 they erected the present church. The pres- ent incumbent is Rev. James B. Mead.
The Church of Our Lady of Angels; Catholic, was inaugurated in 1841, when a church was built, but the congregation held services for some time prior to that date, the first of which were conducted by Rev. Fathar Mailloux, in the house of Antoine Renois. In 1867 the church property was taken by the village for street purposes, and the congregation, which had grown very large, divided into two sections, according to their language; part being English and part French. The English speaking members formed the "Church of Our Lady of Angels;" and, in 1868, a new church was projected, which was dedi- cated by Rt. Rev. J. J. Conroy, Bishop of Albany, November 24, 1870. The pastor at that time was Rev. J. J. McDonnell. The present .pas- tor is Rev. Thomas McLoughlin.
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