USA > Ohio > Delaware County > History of Delaware County and Ohio : containing a brief history of the state of Ohio biographical sketches etc. V. 1 > Part 1
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
EN
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02410 4660
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historyofdelawar01olba
HISTORY
OF
DELAWARE COUNTY
AND
OHIO.
Containing a brief History of the State of Ohio, from its earliest settlement to the present time. embrac- ing its topography, geological, physical and climatic features ; its agriculturai, stock-growing, railroad interests, etc. ; a History of Delaware County, giving an account of its aboriginal inhabitants, early settlement by the whites, pioneer incidents, its growth, its improvements, organisation of the county, its judicial and political history, its business and indus- tries, churches, schools, etc. ; Biographical. Sketches ; Portraits of some of the Early Settlers and Prominent Men, etc., etc.
Vil
ILLUSTRATED.
1
CHICAGO: O. L. BASKIN & CO., HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS, 186 DEARBORN STREET. ISSO.
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1620311
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1880, by
O. L. BASKIN & CO., 1
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
CHICAGO: CULVER, PAGE, HOYNE & CO., PRINTERS. 118 AND 120 MONROE STREET.
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PREFACE.
BURING the past six months we have been engaged in compiling the History of Delaware County, and on these pages our historians, W. H. Perrin and J. H. Battle. have traced the tedious journey of the pioneer from homes of comfort and refinement. to the untouched wilds of the West ; we have noted the rising cabins, the clearing of the for- ests, the privations of the early settlements, the heroic fortitude with which the pioneer sur- mounted these obstacles, and the patient toil that has " made the wilderness to blossom like the rose ;" we have marked the coming of the schoolmaster, and that greater teacher. the preacher ; the rise of the schoolhouse and church, and their influence in molding society. This work we have undertaken in the belief that there is a proper demand that the events which relate to the early times should find a permanent record, and with what fidelity to facts. and with what patience of research, we have accomplished the task, we shall leave to the judgment of our patrons, in whose keeping the traditions of that day remain, and for whom the work was undertaken. The scope and necessity of this enterprise have, in some respects. entailed less satisfactory duties upon the historians than fall to the lot of writers of more pretentious works, and yet the work has been one of pleasure. We have availed ourselves of such histor- ical manuscripts as were found, but our chief resource for information has been the traditions which have been handed down from one generation to another. These we have generally been able to verify from other sources, but, in some not essential particulars, we have been obliged to depend upon tradition alone, and may thus have sanctioned some errors. These, we trust? will be found of trifling importance, and we ground our hope of the favorable judgment of the public upon the essential correctness and completeness of this volume as a history of Del- aware County.
Before laying down the pen we desire to thank the citizens everywhere in the county who have so cordially aided us in gathering the materials for this volume, and to acknowledge our indebtedness to the gentlemen who have been associated with us in the various parts of the work ; to Prof. W. G. WILLIAMS, of the Ohio Wesleyan University, Judge T. W. POWELL. Hon. J. R. HUBBELL, Rev. B. W. CHIDLAW, GEORGE W. CAMPBELL, Esq., Dr. S. W. FOWLER, Mr. H. L. S. VAILE, and others whose names appear in the body of the work.
June, 1880.
PUBLISHERS.
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CONTENTS.
PART FIRST.
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
PAGE.
. CHAPTER I .- Introductory, Topography, Geology, Primitive Races, Antiquities, Indian Tribes. 11
CHAPTER II .- Explorations in the West
19
CHAPTER III .- English Explorations, Traders, French and Indian War in the West, English Possession ... 37
CHAPTER IV .- Pontiac's Conspiracy, Its Failure, Bouquet's Expedition, Occupation by the English. 48
CHAPTER V .-- American Exploration, Dunmore's War, Cam- paign of George Rogers Clarke, Land Troubles, Spain in the Revolution, Murder of the Moravian Indians ....... ..... ...
52
CHAPTER VI .- American Occupation, Indian Claims, Early Land Companies, Compact of 1787, Crganization of the Territory, Early American Settlements in the Ohio Valley, First Territorial Officers, Organization of Counties ... 60
CHAPTER VII .- Indian War of 1795, Harmar's Campaign, St. Clair's Campaign, Wayne's Campaign, Close of the War .. 73
CHAPTER VIII .- Jay's Treaty, The Question of State Rights and National Supremacy, Extension of Ohio Settlements, Land Claims, Spanish Boundary Question 79
CHAPTER IX .-- First Territorial Representatives in Congress, Division of the Territory, Formation of States, Marietta Settlement, Other Settlements, Settlements in the Western Reserve, Settlement of the Central Valleys, Further Set- tlements in the Reserve and elsewhere. 85
CHAPTER X .- Formation of the State Government, Ohio a State, The State Capitals, Legislation, The "Sweeping" Resolutions .. 121
CHAPTER XI .- The War of 1812, Growth of the State, Canal, Railroads and Other Improvements, Development of of State Resources 127
CHAPTER XII .- Mexican War, Continued Growth of the State, War of the Rebellion, Ohio's Part in the Conflict ..... 132 CHAPTER XIIA .- Chio in the Centennial, Address of Edward D. Mansfield, LL. D., Philadelphia, August 9, 1876. 138
CHAPTER XIV .- Education, Early School Laws, Notes, Insti- tutions and Educational Journals, School System, School Funda, Colleges and Universities .. 148
CHAPTER XV .- Agriculture, Area of the State, Early Agri- culture in the West, Markets, Live Stock, Nurseries, Fruits, Etc .; Cereals, Root and Cucurbitaceons Crops, Agricultural Implementa, Agricultural Societies, Pomological and Hor- ticultural Societies. .. 151
CHAPTER XVI .- Climatology, Outline, Variation in Ohio, Estimate in Degrees, Amount of Variability. 163
PART SECOND. COUNTY HISTORY.
PAGE.
CHAPTER I .- Introduction, Physical Geography of the County, Railroad Elevation, Soil and Timber, Cuyahoga Shale and Sandstone, The Drift, Berea Grit, Huron Shale, Calcareous Concretions, etc. 165
CHAPTER II .- Earliest History, Prehistoric Races, Their An- tiquity, Relics, Fortifications; The Delawares, Indian Treaties, Withdrawal of the Indians, Pioneer Settlements, The Carpenter, Byxbe and Pugh Colonies, Other Settle- menta 180
CHAPTER III .- Life in the Wilderness, Pioneer Incidenta, Early Improvements, Modern Innovations, Building of Towns and Villages, Old Settlers' Association ... 197
CHAPTER IV .- Organization of the County, The Courts, For- mation of Townships, Political Parties and Their Effect, Vote of the County from 1861 to 1879, Care of the Poor ...... 200
CHAPTER V .- The Professions, Pioneer Lawyers and the Courts, The Bar of the Present, Medical, Some of the Early Systems, Old Practitioners, Modern Doctors, The Medical Society. 219
CHAPTER VI .- Early Church History, Pioneer Preachers. First Schools, Statistics, Academies and Seminaries, The University, Reform School, Watering Places, The News- papers .. 233
CHAPTER VII .- Railroad History, The First Railroads iz the World, Railroads in the United States, Internal Im- provements in Ohio, Her First Railroad, The Railroads of the County, Projected Railroads.
CHAPTER VIII .- Agriculture, Societies, Advancements in Geoponics, Care of Animals, Tiling, Fruit and Forest Cuit- ure, Meteorological.
CHAPTER IX .- War History, The Revolution, Pioneers of 1812, Mexican Struggle, The County's Fart in the Late War, Great Men 277
CHAPTER X .- Delaware Township, Introduction. Stratford. Settlement, Founding of the City, The War Period, Growth of Business, Society, The Byxbe Family. .....
.310
CHAPTER XI .- Delaware City, Extensions, Population, Fi- nance, Internal Improvements, City Organization, Fire Department, Newspapers, Cemeteries. 232
CHAPTER XII .- Delaware City, Educational, High Schools and Seminaries, The Wesleyan, Biographical, Female Col- lege, Commercial Schools.
CHAPTER XIII .- Delaware City, The Churches, Advance of Religion, The Presbyterian, Other Churches, Freemasonry, Other Secret Societies. 3:3
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CONTENTS.
PAGE.
CHAPTER XIV .- Liberty Township, Prehistoric Races, Their Relics; Early Settlement, Indians, Pioneer Improvements, Mills, Bridges, etc .; Civilization, Villages .. 412
CHAPTER XV .- Berkshire Township, Its Physical Features, Settlement of the Whites, Pioneer Industries, Progress of Civilization, Educational, The Villages .. 428
CHAPTER XVI .- Berlin Township, Descriptive, Early Settle- ment, The Indians, Pioneer Journeys, Incidents of Drake's Defeat, Life in the Woods, Churches, etc .. 451
CHAPTER XVII .- Orange Township, The Morton Colony, Other Settlements, Early Militia, The War of 1812, Frontier Privations, Roads, Educational and Religious .. ..... 468
CHAPTER XVIII .- Scioto Township, Descriptive, The Pio- neers, Early Christianity, Modern Religion, Schools, War Record, The Villages 482
CHAPTER XIX .- Concord Township, Physical Features, Set- tlement, Early Industries, Religion and Education, Sul- phur Springs, The Haunted House, Villages. 491
CHAPTER XX .- Radnor Township, The Welsh Pioneers, Their Language, Indians, Educational, "The Seven Churches" of Radnor, Sunday-School History, Delhi and Other Towns 502
CHAPTER XXI .- Marlborough Township, Its Early Settle- ment, Pioneer Days, Facts and Incidents, Progress of Civilization, Educational, Christianity, Old Forts, The Towns 512
CHAPTER XXII .- Troy Township, Description and Topog- raphy, Early Times, The First Settlers, The Mains, Early Industries, Churches, etc .; Political. 523
CHAPTER XXIII .- Oxford Township, Topographical and Do- scriptive, Early Settlements, Frontier Privationa, Educa- tion and Religion, Villages 537
CHAPTER XXIV .- Thompson Township, Description, The Pioneers, Their Settlement, Improvements, Christianity and Education, Political, Hamlets, Etc ... 543
CHAPTER XXV .- Brown Township, Introduction, The Salt Reservation, Indians, Coming of the Palefaces, Privations, Marriages, Deaths, etc .; County Charities, Towns .. 551
CHAPTER XXVI .- Kingston Township, Description, Settle- ment, Virginia School District, Religious and Sunday- school History, Education, Politics. 560
CHAPTER XXVII .- Porter Township, Introductory, Pioneer Settlements, Frontier Sufferings, Industries, Schools, Churches, etc. 575
CHAPTER XXVIII .- Trenton Township, A Change of Name, Descripcion, Early Settlement, Improvements, Progress of Civilization, The Railroad. 587
PAGE.
CHAPTER XXIX .- Harlem Township, Topography, Military Lands, Colonization, Jonathan Thompson, An Incident, Mills, Roads, etc .; Towns. 593 CHAPTER XXX .- Genoa Township, Physical Features, Inci- dents, Settlement, Pioneer Industries, Church Annals, Schools, Maxwell Corners .. 601
PART THIRD.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Berkshire Township.
678
Berlin Township.
697
Brown Township.
SOS
Concord Township.
741
Delaware Township.
613
Genoa Township
Harlem Township.
837
Kingston Township.
817
Liberty Township.
Marlborough Township
Orange Township.
706
Oxford Township.
785
Porter Township.
819
Radnor Township.
750
Scieto Township.
720
Trenton Township
827
Thompson Township.
800
Troy Township
770
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PORTRAITS.
Bartholomew, Major
423
Carpenter, James.
171
Hayes, President R. B.
135
Hius, R
225
Leonard, George.
369
Money, Nicholas ..
177
Money, James W.
513
Potter, Israel.
549
Powell, T. W.
315
VIEWS.
Delaware County Court House ...
207
Delaware County Jail.
243
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3 1833 02410 4660
HISTORY OF OHIO.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY -TOPOGRAPHY - GEOLOGY -PRIMITIVE-RACES - ANTIQUITIES -INDIAN TRIBES.
THE present State of Ohio, comprising an extent of country 210 miles north and south, 220 miles east and west, in length and breadth -- 25,576,969 acres-is a part of the Old Northwest Territory. This Territory embraced all of the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and so much of Minnesota as lies east of the Mississippi River. It became a corporate existence soon after the formation of the Virginia Colony, and when that colony took on the dignity of State government it became a county thereof, whose exact outline was unknown. The county embraced in its limits more territory than is com- prised in all the New England and Middle States, and was the largest county ever known in the United States. It is watered by the finest system of rivers on the globe; while its inland seas are without a parallel. Its entire southern boundary is traversed by the beautiful Ohio, its western by the majestic Mississippi, and its northern and a part of its eastern are bounded by the fresh-water lakes, whose clear waters preserve an even temper- ature over its entire surface. Into these reservoirs of commerce flow innumerable streams of limpid water, which come from gien and dale, from mountain and valley, from forest and prairie-all avenues of health, commerce and prosperity. Ohio is in the best part of this territory-south of its river are tropical heats; north of Lake Erie are polar snows and a polar climate.
The territory comprised in Ohio has always re- mained the same. Ohio's history differs somewhat from other States, in that it was never under Ter- ritorial government. When it was created, it was made a State, and did not pass through the stage incident to the most of other States, i. e., exist as a Territory before being advanced to the powers of
a State. Such was not the case with the other States of the West; all were Territories, with Terri- torial forms of government, ere they became States.
Ohio's boundaries are, on the north, Lakes Erie and Michigan ; on the west, Indiana; on the south, the Ohio River, separating it from Kentucky; and, on the east, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. It is situated between 38° 25' and 42º north latitude; and 80° 30' and 84° 50' west longitude from Greenwich, or 3º 30' and 7º 50' west from Washington. Its greatest length, from north to south, is 210 miles; the extreme width, from east to west, 220 miles. Were this an exact out- line, the area of the State would be 46,200 square miles, or 29,568,000 acres ; as the outlines of the State are, however, rather irregular, the area is estimated at 39,964 square miles, or 25,576,960 acres. In the last census-1870-the total num- ber of acres in Ohio is given as 21,712.420, of which 14,469,132 acres are improved, and 6,883,- 575 acres are woodland. By the last statistical report of the State Auditor, 20,965,3713 acres are reported as taxable lands. This omits many acres untaxable for various reasons, which would make the estimate, 25,576,960, nearly correct.
The face of the country, in Ohio, taken as a whole, presents the appearance of an extensive monotonous plain. It is moderately undulating but not mountainous, and is excavated in places by the streams coursing over its surface, whose waters have forced a way for themselves through cliffs of sandstone rock, leaving abutments of this material in bold outline. There are no mountain ranges, geological uplifts or peaks. A low ridge enters the State, near the northeast corner, and crosses it in a southwesterly direction, emerging near the inter- section of the 40th degree of north latitude with
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HISTORY OF OHIO.
the western boundary of the State. This " divide" separates the lake and Ohio River waters, and main- tains an elevation of a little more than thirteen hundred feet above the level of the ocean. The highest part is in Richland County, at the south- east corner, where the elevation is 1,390 feet.
North of this ridge the surface is generally level, with a gentle inclination toward the lake, the ine- qualities of the surface being caused by the streams which empty into the lake. The central part of Ohio is almost, in general, a level plain, about one thousand feet above the level of the sea, slightly inclining southward. The Southern part of the State is rather hilly, the valleys growing deeper as they incline toward the great valley of the Ohio, which is several hundred feet below the general level of the State. In the southern counties, the surface is generally diversified by the inequalities produced by the excavating power of the Ohio River and its tributaries, exercised through long periods of time. There are a few prairies, or plains, in the central and northwestern parts of the State, but over its greater portion originally existed im- mense growths of timber.
The " divide," or water-shed, referred to, between the waters of Lake Erie and the Ohio River, is less elevated in Ohio than in New York and Penn- sylvania, though the difference is small. To a per- son passing over the State in a balloon, its surface presents an unvarying plain, while, to one sailing down the Ohio River, it appears mountainous. On this river are bluffs ranging from two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet in height. As one ascends the tributaries of the river, these bluffs diminish in height until they become gentle undu- lations, while toward the sources of the streams, in the central part of the State, the banks often become low and marshy.
The principal rivers are the Ohio, Muskingum, Scioto and Miami, on the southern slope, emptying into the Ohio; on the northern, the Maumee, Sandusky, Huron and Cuyahoga, emptying into Lake Erie, and, all but the first named, entirely in Ohio.
The Ohio, the chief river of the State, and from which it derives its name, with its tributaries, drains a country whose area is over two hundred thousand square miles in extent, and extending from the water-shed to Alabama. The river was first dis- covered by La Salle in 1669, and was by him nav- igated as far as the Falls, at Louisville, Ky. It is formed by the junction of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, in Pennsylvania, whose waters
unite at Pittsburgh. The entire length of the river, from its source to its mouth, is 950 miles, though by a straight line from Pittsburgh to Cairo, it is only 615 miles. Its current is very gentle, hardly three miles per hour, the descent being only five inches per mile. At high stages, the rate of the current increases, and at low stages decreases. Sometimes it is barely two miles per hour. The average range between high and low water mark is fifty feet, although several times the river has risen more than sixty feet above low water mark. At the lowest stage of the river, it is fordable many places between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. The river abounds in islands, some of which are exceed- ingly fertile, and noted in the history of the West. Others, known as " tow-heads," are simply deposits of sand.
The Scioto is one of the largest inland streams in the State, and is one of the most beautiful riv- ers. It rises in Hardin County, flows southeast- erly to Columbus, where it receives its largest affluent, the Olentangy or Whetstone, after which its direction is southerly until it enters the Ohio at Portsmouth:" It flows through one of the rich- est valleys 'in the State, and has for its compan- ion the Ohio and Erie Canal, for a distance of ninety miles. Its tributaries are, besides the Whet- stone, the Darby, Walnut and Paint Creeks.
The Muskingum River is formed by the june- tion of the Tuscarawas and Waldhoning Rivers, which rise in the northern part of the State and unite at Coshocton. From the junction, the river flows in a southeastern course about one hundred miles, through a rich and populous valley, to the Ohio, at Marietta, the oldest settlement in the State. At its outlet, the Muskingum is over two hundred yards wide. By improvements, it has been made navigable ninety-five miles above Mari- etta, as far as Dresden, where a side cut, three miles long, unites its waters with those of the Ohio Canal. All along this stream exist, in abundant profusion, the remains of an ancient civiliza- tion, whose history is lost in the twilight of antiq- uity. Extensive mounds, earthworks and various fortifications, are everywhere to be found, inclosing a mute history as silent as the race that dwelt here and left these traces of their existence. The same may be said of all the other valleys in Ohio.
The Miami River-the scenes of many exploits in pioneer days-rises in Hamlin County, near the headwaters of the Scioto, and runs southwesterly; to the Ohio, passing Troy, Dayton and Hamilton. It is a beautiful and rapid stream, flowing through
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HISTORY OF OHIO.
a highly productive and populous valley, in which limestone and hard timber are abundant. Its total length is about one hundred and fifty miles.
The Maumee is the largest river in the northern part of Ohio. It rises in Indiana and flows north- easterly, into Lake Erie. About eighty miles of its course are in Ohio. It is navigable as far as Perrysburg, eighteen miles from its mouth. The other rivers north of the divide are all small, rapid-running streams, affording a large amount of good water-power, much utilized by mills and man- ufactories.
A remarkable feature of the topography of Ohio is its almost total absence of natural lakes or ponds. A few very small ones are found near the water-shed, but all too small to be of any practical value save as watering-places for stock.
Lake Erie, which forms nearly all the northern boundary of the State, is next to the last or lowest of America's "inland seas." It is 290 miles long, and 57 miles wide at its greatest part. There are no islands, except in the shallow water at the west end, and very few bays. The greatest depth of the lake is off Long Point, where the water is 312 feet deep. The shores are principally drift-clay or hard-pan, upon which the waves are continually encroaching. At Cleveland, from the first sur- vey, in 1796, to 1842, the encroachment was 218 feet along the entire city front. The entire coast is low, seldom rising above fifty feet at the water's edge.
Lake Erie, like the others, has a variable sur- face, rising and falling with the seasons, like great rivers, called the " annual fluctuation," and a gen- eral one, embracing a series of years, due to mete- orological causes, known as the "secular fluctua- tion." Its lowest known level was in February, 1819, rising more or less each year, until June, 1838, in the extreme, to six feet eight inches.
Lake Erie has several excellent harbors in Ohio, among which are Cleveland, Toledo. Sandusky, Port Clinton and Ashtabula. Valuable improve- ments have been made in some of these, at the d expense of the General Government. In 1818, the first steamboat was launched on the lake. Owing to the Falls of Niagara, it could go no farther east than the outlet of Niagara River. Since then, however, the opening of the Welland Canal, in Canada, allows vessels drawing not more than ten feet of water to pass from one lake to the other, greatly facilitating navigation.
As early as 1836, Dr. S. P. Hildreth, Dr. John Locke, Prof. J. H. Riddle and Mr. I. A. Lapham,
were appointed a committee by the Legislature of Ohio to report the "best method of obtaining a complete geological survey of the State, and an estimate of the probable cost of the same." In the preparation of their report, Dr. Hildreth examined the coal-measures in the southeastern part of the State, Prof. Riddle and Mr. Lapham made exam- inations in the western and northern counties, while Dr. Locke devoted his attention to chemical analyses. These investigations resulted in the presentation of much valuable information con- cerning the mineral resources of the State and in a plan for a geological survey. In accordance with the recommendation of this Committee, the Legislature, in 1837, passed a bill appropriating $12,000 for the prosecution of the work during the next year. The Geological Corps appointed consisted of W. W. Mather, State Geologist, with Dr. Hildreth, Dr. Locke, Prof. J. P. Kirtland, J. W. Foster, Charles Whittlesey and Charles Briggs, Jr., Assistants. The results of the first year's work appeared in 1838, in an octavo volume of 134 pages, with contributions from Mather, Hildreth, Briggs, Kirtland and Whittlesey. In 1838, the Legislature ordered the continuance of the work, and, at the close of the year, a second report, of 286 pages, octavo, was issued, containing contribu- tions from all the members of the survey.
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