USA > Ohio > Washington County > Marietta > History of Marietta and Washington County, Ohio, and representative citizens > Part 1
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WASHINGTON COUNTY COURT HOUSE,
HISTORY OF MARIETTA
WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO AND
AND
REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.
EDITED AND COMPILED BY MARTIN R. ANDREWS, M. A.
DOUGLAS PUTNAM PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, MARIETTA COLLEGE.
" History is Philosophy Teaching by Examples." 1700-1900
PUBLISHED BY BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, GEORGE RICHMOND, PRES. ; S. HARMER NEFF, SEC'Y. ; C. R. ARNOLD, TREAS. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 1902.
Preface.
I N' preparing this history of Washington County, we have kept in view the fact that since any former history was written a generation has passed away. The 19th century has been completed with all its records. It is therefore fitting that a history, which extends over parts of three centuries, should devote a larger proportion of space to the first half of the 19th century; to that period, when the various elements of our population were blend- ing into one people.
In the early part of the last century, the great lessons to be learned were not how to repress a savage foe, but how to make our county a productive economic unit in our State and nation. We have, therefore, devoted much space to a description of the attempts to establish various forms of industry and of the long struggle to secure lines of commerce by water and land. In this, as well as in the history of political contests, we have given the story as far as possible in the very words of contemporaries. Washington County is very fortunate in having within her borders many persons who have carefully preserved manu- scripts, newspapers, and other documents bearing upon the early history. From these we have copied very freely. In these records, we believe, the descendants of those who took an active part in making the history of Washington County in the 13th and 19th centuries have no reason to be ashamed of the story.
It is impossible to name all the kind friends who have assisted us in the preparation of this work. Mr. Archer B. Hulbert, who has already won distinction in the historical field, contributed the first and second chapters and assisted in the compilation of some of the others. For the revision of the chapter about the bench and bar, we are indebted to Mr. J. A. Gallaher; for the history of the early judiciary, to Mrs. Lillian T. Wood: for the chapter on the press, to Mr. George M. Cooke: and for the chapter on Marietta in the past two decades, to Mr. John W. Lansley. Mr. S. J. Hathaway has carefully revised his elaborate military history, which he prepared 25 years ago, and has brought it up to date, adding a concise history of the Spanish-American War. We are indebted to Mrs. Bertha G. Ballard. for a sketch of Belpre: to Mr. John D. Hollinger, for a description of Adams township; to Mr. A. D. Hopper for a description of Matamoras: and to Miss Virginia V. Dodge. for many items concerning both the early and the later history of Waterford township and the town of Beverly.
The biographical department, over which the historical editor had no supervision, will in his opinion prove hereafter the most valuable part of the whole book. Could we have such complete biographies of all the men who came to the Muskingum before 1.00 it would be worth many times the cost of this volume. The biographies prepared in this volume have been carefully revised by friends or relatives and their pages will increase in value as the years pass by.
November, 1902.
THE AUTHOR.
NOTE .-
All the biographical sketches published in this volume were sub- mitted to their respective subjects or to the subscribers, for whom the facts were primarily obtained, for their approval or correction before going to press; and a reasonable time was allowed in each case for the return of the typewritten copies. Most of them were returned to us within the time allotted, or before the work was printed, after being corrected or revised; and these may therefore be regarded as reasonably accurate.
A few, however, were not returned to us; and, as we have no means of knowing whether they contain errors or not, we cannot vouch for their accuracy. In justice to our readers, and to render this work more valuable for reference purposes, we have indicated these uncor- rected sketches by a small asterisk (*), placed immediately after the name of the subject. They will all be found on the last pages of the book.
BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING CO.
Table of Contents.
CHAPTER 1.
PREHISTORIC (Archer B. Hulbert).
13
The Old West- - Its Primeval Rivers, Forests and Animals-The Mound-Builders --- Mounds of Mar- jetta-The Great Battle Ground of America-The Hunting-Grounds of the Iroquois- Weakening of the Iroquois Confederacy-The Story of the Delawares, Shawanese and Wyandots-Notes.
CHAPTER II.
THREE FLAGS IN THE WEST (Archer B. Hulbert). 30
French Explorations and Establishment of Frontier Forts Arms of the King of France French and English Character Contrasted -French and Indian War-Pontiac's Rebellion -- The Revolutionary War in the West-Massacre of Gnadenhutten-Note.
CHAPTER IL.
MOVEMENTS OF THE PIONEERS. 47
Depreciated Currency and Impoverished Public Credit Bounty Lands -Ohio Company of Associates Work of General Rufus Putnam and Rev. Manasseh Cutler -Ordinance of 1787 Landing at the Mouth of the Muskingum Industry and Courage of the Pioneers Other Near-by Settlements-Notes.
CHAPTER IN.
WAR WITH THE INDIANS.
St. Clair's Defeat-Massacre at Big Bottom Belpre and Beverly-Forts at Marietta and Harmar- Far- mers' Castle and Fort Frye-Ohio Company Affairs at Low Ebb Joseph Kelly. General Wayne's Successful Campaign-Dawning of a Brighter Era for Ohio Colonists-Capture and Escape - Reminis- cences of War Times and of Later Years The Inchans in Ohio- Letters of General Putnam-List of the Pioneers at the Forts During the Indian Troubles Pioneers Killed by the Indians.
CHAPTER V.
POLITICS IN EARLY TIMES.
9-
Washington County Created Governor St. Clair with a Legislature on His Hands-Chillicothe vs. Mar- ietta -A State Constitution-Slavery- Despair of the Federalists and Exultation of the Republicans- Harman Blennerhassett-Local Questions Cease to be the Point of Difference Between Political Parties The Era of Good Feeling -- New Questions.
CHAPTER VI. 119
POLITICS FROM 1820 TO 1860.
Democrats and Whigs Slavery-Underground Railroad -- Campaign of 1840 - Newspaper Extracts Pertaining to the Politics of the Period-Celebration in Marietta-Rotation in Office Contests of 1836 and 1840-Campaign Songs of 1840-Washington County Colonization Society-Anti-Abolition and Anti-Slavery Meetings-Public Sentiment in 1837 The Ohio Kidnaping Case -Later Views of the Ohio Kidnaping Case.
CHAPTER VII.
145
EDUCATION
Early Teachers and Schools -- The First School Houses Improvements in School Houses Agitation for Better Educational Facilities The First Schools - Examiners of Common Schools Educational Notices-School Directors Teachers' Institutes Washington County School Association Minutes Witham Slocomb --- Township High Schools-Other Means of Education Washington County Bible Society-The Marietta Library Association -The Marietta Lyceum First Mechamcs' Lyceum-A Hint on Home-Training -Sabbath-Schools -Society for the Promotion of Temperance -Marietta Female Seminary-Art-Schemes for the Betterment of Mankind Edward Postlethwayt Page Washington County Children's Home-History of Children's Homes.
8
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VIII.
HIGHER EDUCATION. 186
Early Academies-The Marietta Infant School- Institute of Education-Manual Labor Association- The Marietta Collegiate Institute-Marietta Female Seminary-Marietta College-Historical Sketch of Marietta College-Teachers and Educators-Artists.
CHAPTER IX.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. 1788-1830. 213 Mills-Clothing-Saltt- Boat-building-Marietta in 1809-Imports from the East-Steam Mill-In- dians-Trade Stimulated by the War of 1812-Withdrawal of Specie to the East-Hard Times-Search for Silver-The Scotch Immigration-Change of Method in Taxing Land-Improvements-Temperance Movement-A Change in the Population of the County-Humane Society-Agricultural Society-Grand Circus Hunt Wool and Wolves Phenomena-General LaFayette-Steamboat Building-The First Steamboat up the Muskingum-Navigation of the Muskingum .- Navigation of the Ohio-The Town in 1826-Marketing-Ministerial Lands-Washington County Agricultural Society-Marietta Fair-Rail- road to Ohio-Baltimore and Ohio Railroad-Health of Marietta -Silk Culture -- The German Immigra- tion.
CHAPTER X.
FORTY YEARS OF ADVERTISEMENTS. 244
CHAPTER XI.
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT 270
Improvement of the Muskingum-Railroad History-Navigation of Duck Creek-County Court House -Old Establisbed Business Houses-Marietta Post Office-City Hall-Marietta Township in 1833- Washington County in 1834-Wolves-Emigrant Association Public Spirit Roads and Turnpikes- Improvement in Horses-Rapid Transit in 1839- Passing of the Stage Coach.
CHAPTER XII.
TOWNS AND TOWNSHIPS OF THE COUNTY. 291
Adams Township-The Town of Lowell Aurelius Township-Barlow Township -- Belpre Township The Town of Belpre Decatur Township-Dunham Township Fairfield Township-Fearing Town- ship-Grandview Township-The Town of New Matamoras- Independence Township-Lawrence Township-Liberty Township-Ludlow Township-Marietta Township-Muskingum Township-New- port Township-Palmer Township-Salem Township-Warren Township-Waterford Township-The Town of Beverly-Watertown Township-Wesley Township.
CHAPTER XIII.
TOWN AND COUNTY SOCIETIES 348 Historical Societies-Agricultural Societies-Fraternal and Secret Organizations-Civic and Industrial Societies.
CHAPTER XIV.
HISTORY OF THE CHURCHES. 354
Report to the Ministerial Trustees-Baptist Churches-St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church-The Cen- tral Christian Church-The Christian Union Church -- Congregational Churches-St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church-St. Luke's Evangelical Lutheran Church Methodist Episcopal Churches-The African Methodist Episcopal Church -The Wesleyan wethodist Church-The First Presbyterian Church-The First Unitarian Society in Marietta-The Universalist Society -- The First United Brethren Church.
CHAPTER XV.
THE PRESS (George M. Cooke). 398
BANKS AND BANKING.
CHAPTER XVI. . ..... 410
9
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVII.
THE OIL INDUSTRY (II. E. Smith) 415 The History since Cow Run-Operations in Each Township - Drilling-Shooting -- Pumping Acci- dents-Operation-Leasing -Capital Invested in Washington County The Future Prospects.
CHAPTER XVIII.
CIVIL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY
423
Establishment-Statistics of the Population-Changes in Extent County Seat -- Court House- Infirm-
ary-Our Early Judiciary-Roster of County Officials.
CHAPTER XIX.
BENCH AND BAR. 436
PHYSICIANS OF WASHINGTON COUNTY
CHAPTER XX. 460
Attempts to Control the Practice of Medicine-The Twelfth Medical Society Personal Sketches.
CHAPTER XXI.
LATER HISTORY OF THE OHIO COMPANY
474
CHAPTER XXII.
REMINISCENCES BY COL. JOSEPH BARKER. 480
Sketch of Colonel Barker's Life -- The Early Courts-Store Supplies-Ship-building -- The French Emi- grants-Indians Dissatisfied-Scarcity of Food Why the Indians did not Keep the Treaty of Harmar Building of the Block-bouses- Big Bottom Massacre -. Wolf Creek Mills-Provisions for Delense -- Indian Alarm-The Garrison at "The Point"-Indian Troubles-First Enlistment of Men for the Indian War-Cultivation of Land Encouraged- Belpre-Upper and Lower Settlements- Reminiscences of Prominent Persons of the Early Settlements.
CHAPTER XXIII.
REMINISCENCES BY HON. GEORGE M. WOODBRIDGE 506
Sketch of Mr. Woodbridge's Life-A Watch Night Meeting of Fifty Years Ago-Early Floods in the "Ohio Basin" -- Revolutionary Record A Report of the Early Burials in Waterford Township- Some Distinguished Visitors During the Past Century Recollections of Some Men of Former Years Some Early Recollections Mound Cemetery-Monument to Mark the First Landing of the Pioneers-The Old Court House-Corn Husking Times-A Hunt in 1832 The Past-The First Sunday-school -- A Genuine Pioneer-Defense of the Pioneers and Their Successors.
CHAPTER XXIV.
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MARIETTA IN THE PAST TWO DECADES (John Il'. Lansley). 538
Commercial Growth Prior to 1880-The Awakening-Annexation of Harmar-Water Works-Paid Fire Department-Electric Light Plant-Street Paving and Sanitary Sewers-Electric Street Railway- Telephone Companies-Railroads-Natural Gas- Increased Activity in the Oil Industry-Building Operations Enlivened-Growth in the City's Business-Suburbs New Public Buildings-Bridge Across the Ohio-New Projects-Improvement of the Ohio-Tax Levies and Valuations in Marietta for the Past Decade-Roster or City Officials.
CHAPTER XXV.
THE WAR OF 1812 ( Seymour JJ. Hathaway)
551
Cause of the War-Attitude of the Federalists-Situation in Washington County-Why the Draft was Resorted to-Battle of Tippecanoe-Expedition of General Hull-Surrender of Hull -- Call for Troops Expedition of Gen. Edward W. Tupper Companies from Washington County-Siege of Fort Erie- Perry's Victory-Proctor and Tecumseh Defeated by Ilarrison- Battle of New Orleans and Treaty of Peace-Rolls of Washington County Companies-Biographical Sketches of Officers.
IO
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE CIVIL WAR (Seymour J. Hathaway) 569
Causes of the War-Leaders, North and South -- Political Campaign of 1860-Position of the People of Washington County as to the War The Union Blues Respond to the Call for Troops-The Militia System of Ohio-Appeal to the Governor for Aid -- Camp Putnam Established-Governor Dennison's Plan of a Campaign Successful-M. & C. Railroad Guarded Grim-visaged War-The First Great Call to Arms -- First Three Years' Company from the County-Camp Tupper Established-Military Com- mittee Appointed-Beginning of Governor Tod's Administration-First Volunteer Killed in Battle -- Shiloh-Washington City in Danger Parkersburg Threatened The Draft-Camp Marietta Estab- lished-Corinth, Antietam and South Mountain-Department of West Virginia Established at Marietta Emancipation- Union League Chancellorsville -Gettysburg-Vicksburg-The Morgan Raid- Buf- fington's Island-The Militia-Chickamauga -- Ohio National Guard-Atlanta Campaign-March to the Sea Shenandoah Valley-Battle Year, 1864-1865-Celebration of the Fall of the Rebellion.
CHAPTER XXVII.
THE CIVIL WAR-Continued (Seymour J. Hathaway) 613
Women's Work in the War Union Soldiers' Relief Association-Soldiers' Aid Society of Harmar-The Marietta Military Hospital -Short Sketches of the Military Organizations from the County-Battery C, First West Virginia Light Artillery - Battery H, First Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery-Battery K, First Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery-Battery K, Second Ohio Heavy Artillery-Company L, First Ohio Vol- unteer Cavalry-Company H, Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry-Company B, Ninth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry-Company F, Second Virginia Volunteer Cavalry-Company F, Eighteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry -- Companies A, F and G, Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteers -Companies B and F, Thirty-ninth Ohio Volunteers - Sixty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry-Company F, Seventy-third Ohio Volunteers-Seventy- seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry-The Silver Grays-The "Pony Section"-One Hundred and Forty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry-Biographies of Officers of the War of the Rebellion.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE CIVIL WAR Continued (Seymour J. Hathaway) 732 Roll of Honor-The Soldiers' Monument.
.
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN AND PHILIPPINE WARS ( Seymour J. Hathaway). 853 Spanish-American War- Philippine War-Gen. Harrison Gray Otis.
CHAPTER XXX.
SKETCHES OF PIONEERS. 860
The First White People in Ohio-Gen. Rufus Putnam Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL. D. Gen. Benjamin Tupper -Commodore Abraham Whittle-Col. Robert Oliver Maj. Haffield White-Col. Ebenezer Sproat Col. Return Jonathan Meigs-Arthur St. Clair-Ichabod Nye-Mrs. Rebecca Ives Gillman Mrs. Mary Lake -- Isaac and Rebecca Williams-Col. William Stacy-Maj. Anselm Tupper-Col. Benja- min Tupper - Gen. Joseph Buell-Rev. Daniel Story John Mathews-Ephraim Cutler-David Putnam- Nahum Ward.
BIOGRAPHICAL.
895
Martin RAndrews
history of marietta
And Washington County, Ohio
CHAPTER. I.
PREHISTORIC
THE OLD WEST-ITS PRIMEVAL RIVERS, FORESTS AND ANIMALS -THE MOUND-BUILDERS- - MOUNDS OF MARIETTA-THE GREAT BATTLE-GROUND OF AMERICA-THE HUNTING- GROUNDS OF THE IROQUOIS-WEAKENING OF THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY-THE STORY OF THE DELAWARES, SHAWANESE AND WYANDOTS-NOTES.
THE OLD WEST.
It must be next to impossible for one in this day to realize what a tangled wilderness this West was a century an la half ago. "The thing which puzzles us," writes W. H. H. Murray, "is not the past, but the future; not the door which has been shut, but the strange door which has never been opened. * * * For who, though knocking with rellened knuckles against it, may start even an echo?" True words, indeed : yet were the task put to us. it is to be seriously doubted if we of 11- trained imagination could not draw a truer pic- ture of this land as it will appear a century hence than we could conjure up of the land as it appeared a century ago. Suppose the latter picture could be true to the dense growth of bush and tree. the wallowing's of the phonging
buffalo, the ways of the will animals tunneled through the tangled maze of bush and vine- true, in short, to the groundwork, would it faithfully picture the tangled tops of the giant trees, where a more intricate network of Na- ture's handiwork might have been seen than en the ground? Who, but one acquainted with primeval forests, can picture the straggling branches of the giant trees reaching out into the ethereal battle ground to a last death grap- ple with its hoary rivals, hoth weighed down by luxuriant masses of moss and tangled vine ? Records of early pioneers affirm that when this forest was first invaded by the woodman's ax it was found to be one thing to cut a tree's trunk, but quite another thing to dislodge its top from the network of forest overgrowth. from which giant trees have been known ti hang suspended in mid air after their trans-
1
14
HISTORY OF MARIETTA AND WASHINGTON COUNTY.
were severed. Felling of trees often began at difference would be discoverable in such riv- the top : boys were sent up to strip the branches ; ers as have been bound in loeks and dams, and before the trunk was cut. Where are the trees , deepened by the dredge. Such was the rapid- the like of which Washington found on the Ohio near the Great Kanawha with a diameter of over 14 feet ?
What a sight the woodland rivers must have been! Think of the plunder of the for- ests which the Wabash and Kentucky at flood- tide must have carried on their boiling bosoms. Picture the gigantic gorges of forest trees, blocked in their wild course down the Alle- ghany and piled in monstrous and grotesque confusion from bank to bank, forcing even the river itself to find a new course through the forests. And so the vistas seen on our rivers to-day could not have been so beautiful in the old days: perhaps they were never visible on the lesser streams. For the continuous falling of the solid walls of trees which lined both banks must have well- night roofed our smaller streams completely over, and the venturous trapper in his canoe must have found the fear of falling trees added to his other fears. When Gen. Moses Cleave- land attempted to ascend the Cuyahoga in a boat from Lake Erie, the great quantity of fall- en trees compelled him to desist from the un- dlertaking. An early pioneer to Kentucky, in giving directions to prospective voyagers down the Ohio River, warns them against rowing at night, as the noise of the oars would pre- vent them hearing the "riffling" of the water about the rocks and sunken logs which made river traveling, especially on swift streams, dif- ficult and dangerous.
Nor have our rivers always held the posi- tion in respect to size which they relatively hold to-day. It is doubtful if one who knew the swift Monongahela would recognize the placid. turbid, faithful river which bears that name to-day. As though these streams of ours recog- nize in some way that they must needs con- form to the state of civilization which they see about them, and may not run wild and free as when amenable only to the caprice of a savage aborigine! Of course the greater
ity of the current of many of our streams that the time now made by swift packets is more than double the time taken by canoes in the days before slackwater navigation. With the damming of these streams local history, in all our States, has lost many landmarks well known in the earliest days of navigation. On the Alleghany River, as on the Susquehanna on the eastern side of the mountains, rocks upon which the Indians inseribed their hieroglyphics are now so embedded that these inscriptions are visible only at low tide, and indeed in some cases are never seen above the surface of the water. Of all streams the majestic Ohio, alone, moves on much as of old: and, though many islands have passed from sight. there is hardly a mile in all her course which does not recall, in name. the days when that river was the great high- way through the hunting ground of the Iro- quois and of the race of "men who wore hats" who came upon its tides to found the empires which today exist along its sweeping shores. And yet the Ohio is soon to undergo great changes which will materially alter its aspect. Surveys for dams are being made, which, when completed. will give a minimum depth of six feet between locks.
The animal life of the forests one can faney. perhaps, with more accuracy than any other characteristic, for the deer and turkey, the wolf and buffalo of that day have their antitypes in ours. And yet here one might fall short. for few recall the vast flocks of pigeons which swarmed above the primeval forest, even dark- ening the heavens as though a cloud had passed, and blighting the trees in which they spent a night. An early traveler in the West has left record that from a single hollow tree several wagon-loads of feathers have been ex . tracted.
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