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HISTORY OF FORRY COUNTY, OHIO,
Very Truly. EL Martzof
HISTORY
OF
PERRY COUNTY
OHIO
BY CLEMENT L. MARTZOLFF
PUBLISHED BY WARD & WEILAND NEW LEXINGTON, OHIO
-
COLUMBUS, OHIO PRESS OF FRED. J. HEER 1902
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, AND COPIES RECEIVED AUG. 19 1902 COPYRIGHT ENTRY July 16 - 1902 CLASS Q XXa. No. 3 7 5 89 COPY B.
Entered According to the Act of Congress in the Year 1902
BY CLEMENT L. MARTZOLFF
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
E.a.w. Jan. 14/14
2 7
"A few moments before crossing the far-famed battle field of Montmirail, I met a cart rather strangely lcden; it was drawn by a horse and an ass, and contained pans, kettles, old trunks, straw-bot- tomed chairs, with a heap of old furniture. In front, in a sort of basket, were three children, almost in a state of nudity; behind, in another, were several hens. The driver wore a blouse, was walking, and carried a child on his back. A few steps from him was a woman. They were all hastening toward Montmi- rail, as if the great battle of 1814 were on the eve of being fought.
" I was informed, however, that this was not a removal; it was an expatriation. It was not to Mont- mirail they were going -it was to America. They were not flying to the sound of the trumpet of war - they were hurrying from misery and starvation. In a word, it was a family of poor Alsatian peasants who were emigrating. They could not obtain a living in their native land, but had been promised one in Ohio." - From VICTOR HUGO's "The Rhine."
To my Alsatian grandparents, paternal and maternal, who were among the pioneers of Perry county, and who may have been the ones seen by Victor Hugo, this volume is respect- fully dedicated.
FOREWORD.
Apology for the existence of this book will not be hidden under the multi-repeated quotation, "of the making of many books," etc., or the "filling of a long felt want."
It is written because the author "wanted" to write it.
It is being published because friends have generously subscribed for it.
I believe that there is room for a small volume containing in brief, the main facts concerning the history and industrial development of this county.
We teach our children about happenings in remote ages. in countries of which they know nothing, and allow the occur- rences transpiring before them to pass by unnoted.
Every teacher can testify to the woeful ignorance of the youth, as to local affairs, while every school examiner can truthfully say the same about the teachers.
It is my belief that in this book has been collected much that will prove a source of information and interest to many. The subject is not in any manner exhausted. A vast amount more could have been written, but the aim has been to ex- clude all matter of secondary importance.
To acknowledge, individually, the assistance received from friends, in the way of data, would require more space than can be devoted to it. I am under the deepest obligation to them, and but for their suggestion and aid this volume would not have been possible.
CLEMENT L. MARTZOLFF.
New Lexington, Ohio, June 18, 1902.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Meridian Monuments.
1
Drainage
1
Water Shed.
3
Elevations Above Sea Level.
4
Buckeye Lake.
4
Geological Divisions of the County
5
Drift Region
6
Lake Ohio
8
Pre-Glacial Drainage
8
Terraces
10
Rocks of Perry County as to Structure.
11
Vertical Section of Rocks of Perry County.
16
Vertical Section of Sub-strata at New Lexington Depot.
16
Vertical Section of Strata at Moxahala.
16
Vertical Section of Rocks at McCuneville.
18
Generalized Section of Perry County Strata.
19
Limestones
21
Fossils from the Maxville Limestone.
22
Iron Ores
25
Coals
27
Buried Channels
29
Clays
30 30
Petroleum and Gas
32
Lidey's Rocks
33 33
Bear Dens
33
Why Rush Creek Bottom is Flat.
The Mastodon
Birds of Perry County
Animals
-
Forests
40 41
Big Sassafras
41
Children of the Forest
49
a. Buffalo Trails
50
Pre-Historic Race
34 35 35 39
Saltlicks
High Rocks
VIII
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
b. Monongahela Trail 50
c. Shawnee Run Trail. 51
d. Flint Ridge Trail. 52
€. Scioto Beaver Trail
53
f. Moxahala Trail
53
g. The Last Conflict.
54
The White Man's Foot. 57
1. The Last of His Race. 58
j. Treaty of Fort Stanwix. 58
58
Under the Lilies of France.
59
In the Province of Quebec.
62
Boutetorst County
63
In the County of Illinois
63
First White Man in Perry County
64 65
Land Surveys
Scioto Land Scheme.
68 70 77
The Heroes of the Forest
78
The Evolution of Perry County
82
Village Settlements
84
Organization of the Townships.
93
Section Sixteen
96
Churches
a. Lutheran and Reformed.
99
b. Presbyterians
100
C. Dunkers 101
d. Baptists 101
€. Methodists 102
f. Bible Christians 103
g. Disciples 103
lı. United Brethren
103
i. Mennonites
104
j. Catholics
104
Schools
107
(1. Madison Academy 112
b.
St. Aloysius' Academy
113
Mills 113
Oil Works 114
98
Zane's Trace
Refugee Tract
Under the Banner of St. George
IX
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
The Old Salt Kettle.
115
McCuneville Salt Works
115
Tobacco Houses
116
Lime Kilns
117
An Old Time Pottery
118
Blast Furnaces
119
Coal Mines
122
Oil Wells
123
The Inventor of the Revolver
124
Perry County in War 125
Perry County in Congress. 129
The Removal of the County Seat 130
133
Underground Railroad
135
Morgan's Raid
136
Population of Perry County 141
141
Col. James Taylor. 142
144
The Knight of the Pen. 146
a. Biography of MacGahan, by Judge M. W. Wolfe. 150
b. Funeral and Burial of MacGahan. 159
c. The Article that Caused the Russo-Turko War. 163
d. Poem, by Col. Taylor 170
Jeremiah M. Rusk.
173
William Alexander Taylor
175
James M. Comley
178
Gen. Philip H. Sheridan
181
a. Sheridan's Ride
184
Rev. Father Zahm 189
Dr. Isaac Crook. 188
The Oldest Woman in Perry County 191
Perry County's First Historian 192
Poem, "Beauty of Our Hills" 195
Public Buildings
Constitutional Conventions
Stephen Benton Elkins.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
Portrait of Author
Lidey's Rock
Frontispiece Opposite 32
The Big Sassafras
32
The Stone Fort
42
The Wilson Mound
44
The Roberts Mound
66
44
Earth Works, North of Glenford.
66
46
Flint Implements, One-fourth Size
66
48
Hematite Objects, One-third Size.
66
48
Ceremonials, Gorgets, Banners, Stones, etc ..
50
Pipes Attached to Antlers of Deer
52
An Indian Grist Mill.
66
52
A Scene on the Moxahala
54
Where Ebenezer Zane is Buried.
76
A Scene in New Lexington in 1873
86-
Peter Overmeyer
66
78 %
Old Lutheran Cemetery at Somerset.
98
An Old Time Meeting House
98
Bishop Fenwick Discovering a Catholic Family in Perry County
101 °
The New Home in the Woods of Perry Co.
76
Church at Chapel Hill.
106
Old Stone Church.
106
Madison Academy
112
Old Salt Kettle
112
McCuneville Salt Works
66
114
Old Tobacco House
114 -
Remains of a Maxville Lime Kiln.
66
116
An Old Time Pottery
116
A Ghost of Departed Industry-Baird Furnace.
118
A Model Coal Mine - Congo
66
118
Coal Tipple at Congo. 86
66
122 .
In the Corning Oil Field.
66
122
Monument to 31st O. V. I., New Lexington. ..
66
124
66
66
Power House at Congo ..
XII
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
Old Court House at Somerset
Opposite 134
Old Court House at New Lexington. 66
136
Old Temple of Justice-The New Court House. 136
Old Perry County Infirmary .. 138
A Station on the Underground 138
Stephen B. Elkins
144
The Knight of the Pen
146
Birthplace of MacGahan.
158
The Resting Place of Bulgaria's Liberator
..
158
A Grubber
174
Jeremiah Rusk
172
Where Uncle Jerry Rusk was Born
66
174
Col. W. A. Taylor.
178
Gen. James M. Comley
180
The Hero of Cedar Creek.
66
182
Early Home of General Sheridan.
186
Priest and Scientist - Father Zahm
66
186
Catherine Cavinee
..
190
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY, OHIO.
Meridian Monuments.
Persons visiting the New Lexington Fair have no doubt noticed the two granite monuments situated about the middle of the grounds. Some have the idea that they mark the geographical center of the county. This is not the case. The westward one was planted by Philander Binckley about thirty years ago. to cor- respond to the true meridian. On account of the variation of the magnetic pole, it was found necessary in 1898 to again locate it. The County Commission- ers contracted with John Avery to place the new monu- ment.
He planted it at the south end of the line bearing north 30 degrees, west. 627.8 feet distant from the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of Section No. 5, Tp. No. 15, Range No. 15.
The geographical latitude is 39 degrees, 44 min- utes north. The geographical longitude is 5 degrees and It minutes west from Washington. The variation of the Magnetic Meridian from the True Meridian is 28 minutes to the north.
Drainage.
Buckeye Lake and three rivers receive the waters of Perry county. These rivers are the Scioto, the Muskingum and the Hocking. Walnut Creek. a tribu- tary of the Scioto has one of its sources in the western part of Thorn township. The Big Swamp originally discharged its waters into the Licking river, and is
2
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
therefore a part of the Muskingum basin. The prin- cipal stream emptying into Buckeye Lake is Honey Creek. All four of the drainage systems, as far as Perry county is concerned, have their sources in Thorn township. Walnut Creek flows toward the west. Honey Creek to the north. Jonathan or the Moxahala to the east and Rushcreek to the south. Hopewell township is drained by Jonathan and Rushcreek. Mad- ison is drained by Jonathan. The principal tributaries of north Jonathan Creek are Turkey Run and Buckeye Creek in Clayton. The remainder of that township fur- nishes the sources of small streams that flow into the east branch of Rushcreek or the south fork of Jona- than. The northeastern part of Reading is drained by Hood's Run into the Moxahala. The western part is traversed by tributaries of Rushcreek, while the east branch of Rushcreek gets the southern part. Harrison township is mostly in the basin of the south fork of the Jonathan, as is Bearfield with the exception of the south side where Sundaycreek has its origin. A branch of Wolfe Creek, in Morgan county also rises in the southeast of Bearfield. The east branch of Rushcreek and the south fork of the Moxahala get the waters of Pike. Jackson has many feeders for east Rush- creek. Little Mondaycreek has its beginning in this township at the Gordon Cross Roads, where the Lex- ington and Logan road crosses the old Monongahela Indian trail. Mondaycreek is aptly named. Both streams of that name receive her entire drainage. Big Mondaycreek and the west branch of Sunday- creek get Saltlick's rainfall. Big Mondaycreek has also a tributary in Coal. Indian Creek rises in the eastern part of that township and flows into Sunday- creek over in Athens county. Pleasant throws her
3
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
waters into the south fork of the Moxahala and to Sundaycreek. Monroe is entirely drained by the last named stream.
Water Shed.
The Perry County Divide extends in an irregular line from the northwest to the southeast. It begins in Thorn township separating the streams that flow into Buckeye Lake and Jonathan's Creek from Rush- creek and Big Walnut. Somerset is situated on it. Passing through Clayton township it sweeps to the east toward McLuney. The C. & M. V. Tunnel cuts it east of New Lexington. Then turning toward the west again it completes a horse-shoe by circling south of New Lexington. The T. & O. C. railroad tunnels it about a mile south of the county seat. It continues westward as far as Bristol. This place occupies the summit of a ridge from which five streams have their sources .- Turkey Run of Rushcreek, South Fork of Jonathan, Little Mondaycreek. Big Mondaycreek and a branch of Sundaycreek. The water-shed south of Bristol turns toward the northeast, forming the ridge between the South Fork of Jonathan and Sun- daycreek. Passing south of Moxahala the T. & O. C. R. R. has made through it the longest tunnel in Perry county. The dividing ridge leaves the county at Porterville. It is 114 miles long and passes through nine townships: Thorn. Hopewell. Reading, Clayton, Harrison, Pike, Saltlick, Pleasant and Bearfield. Its average elevation is about 450 feet above Lake Erie and about 1,000 feet above sea level.
4
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
Elevations Above Sea Level.
Feet.
Corning, Depot
722
McLuney. Depot
Moxahala, Depot 905
821
New Lexington, Depot.
856
New Lexington Court House.
946
New Straitsville. Depot
792
Rendville. Depot
742
Summit LaRne's Gap. Shawnee
909
Somerset, Court House
1.159
Maxville, Limestone
Roseville, Depot
783
Gore (near county line ) . 763
Monday Creek Station ( on county line. 689
Winona Furnace (on county line) 743
Great Coal Vein at New Straitsville.
Buckeye Lake.
Buckeye Lake, formerly known as Licking Reser- voir. is the only body of water of which our county can boast. It now contains about thirty-six hundred acres. It is partly natural and partly artificial. The natural part consisted of three or four little lakes of pure clear water, well stocked with fish. Situated as it is along the line of the Terminal Moraine, there is no doubt that it is the result of the great ice sheet that came down from Canada long ago.
When Christopher Gist encamped upon its shores in 1751, he named it the Buffalo Lick, or the Great Swamp. The first settlers, about the year 1800, found wild plums and red thorn-berries growing along its shores in profusion. The center of the original lake was quite deep with a cranberry island floating upon its surface.
In the year 1825, when the Ohio Canal was dug, quite a good deal of the surrounding land was flooded
5
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
to enlarge the lake that it might become a feeder to the canal. At Millersport is what is known as the "deep cut." It is about three miles long.
Buckeye Lake is one of the prettiest little sheets of water in the State. Its banks are shaded with trees that bend over it, and its placid surface, glinting in the sunlight, is a pleasing contrast to the "rock ribbed" hills. Here the Isaac Waltons and the Nimrods dis- port themselves and the man can leave the harass- ments of business and hie himself to this little "Touch of Nature." and lull himself into sweet forgetfulness.
Geological Divisions.
The great line extending throughout the State from north to south and dividing the Carboniferous from the Sub-carboniferous regions, passes in an irregular path through a portion of our county. It strikes our county near the Hopewell-Thorn boundary and its course is approximately south till it reaches the northwest corner of Jackson. Here it sweeps north, east and then south. Junction City is its east- ern extremity. It then continues in a southwesterly direction leaving the county at the southwest corner of Section 18 in Jackson township. East of this line are found the coal measures. None are found west of it.
Our strata rise to the northwest at the rate of about thirty feet to the mile. It follows then that rock lying three hundred feet beneath the surface at a given elevation in the southeast of the county, would appear on the surface, at the same elevation. ten miles northwest. For example, McCuneville and Maxville have approximately the same altitude. At M:Cuneville the Sub-carboniferous or Maxville lime-
6
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
stone, is one hundred and ten feet beneath the creek bed. At Maxville the lime appears in the bed of the creek.
The Sub-carboniferous lime as its name implies underlies all our coal measures. When the Maxville lime makes its appearance on the tops of the hills, it is useless to look for coal there. So, the line we have described. theoretically marks the out-crop of the Sub- carboniferous lime on the tops of our hills. (See Map.)
Drift Region.
Our county may also be divided into two other geological divisions, viz: the Glaciated or Drift Re- gion and the Non-glaciated. North of the Great Lakes is the Laurentian Highland. This highland was once a lofty range of mountains. It was then, with them, just as it is with high mountains today. On their snow-capped summits. ice was formed and it pitched in frightful avalanches to the valleys below, carrying with it masses of rock, from their deep scarred sides. Glaciers, or river-like fields of ice were thus pushed out further and further toward the southland, taking with them the granite, which they ground and pol- ished with their tremendous weight. This vast river of ice passed. in many places over the soft bed-rock and we can yet see the grooves and scratches on its surface.
The climate must have been somewhat cooler in that time. than now. or the glacial sheet could not have come so far south. But finally it reached a point where it began to melt. As it receded toward the north, it left scattered over the land, millions upon millions of tons of granite boulders, many of immense size. peb- bles and earth. The pebbles and earth mixed with
7
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
lime and other rock gathered in its journey, constitutes the soil in the entire "Drift Region." It is very fer- tile and is known as "Till."
The line marking the southern extremity of the ice region is known as the "Terminal Moraine." It ex- tends in a general easterly and westerly direction throughout the United States. In Ohio its trend is northeast and southwest. This "Terminal Moraine" passes through Perry county. In Thorn township can' be found evidences of the ice. The boulders or "nig- ger heads" can be found lying promiscuously about. The fertility of its soil is dependent upon the "till," which is often found to be 90 feet in thickness.
It is a coincidence that the "Terminal Moraine" in . Perry county is practically the same line that divides the Carboniferous from the Sub-carboniferous areas. (See Map.) There are some exceptions and these have been designated as "drift loops." (See Map), These "loops" may have been caused by subsequent erosion and drifting of streams. There is no doubt but that our streams have not always had the same course that they have now. The "Drift" extended much farther in Perry county than most people sup- pose. The finding of a granite boulder, weighing al- most a ton, in Section 16, Jackson township occasioned some surprise. Such a rock could not have been car- ried by water.
This Ice Sheet scraped out the Great Lakes, to- gether with the thousands of smaller ones in the north- ern part of the United States. The natural part of Buckeye Lake is a remnant of the weakened power of the glacier. What a pity that the ice did not cover all of Perry county. Its fertility throughout would then have been equal to Thorn township.
8
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
Lake Ohio.
Prof. G. Frederick Wright, Oberlin, O., who has obtained a world-wide reputation, as authority on gla- cial phenomena, says that at one time, when the ice began breaking. it formed a dam at Cincinnati, to the height of about 550 feet. This would cause the water to back up the trough of the Ohio and its tributaries, to the height of the dam. It is estimated that this dam covered an area of 20,000 square miles. During the summer months the dam would break and the floods would sweep down the valley with terrible velocity. It is interesting to note that the northern tributaries of the Ohio have their sources in the glaciated region. This accounts for the presence of glacial pebbles along many of our streams, beyond the ice covered tract. There are evidences of streams that then existed and poured a vast volume of water and deposited "till" on their ancient shores. The channels of these old streams are now known as "gaps." This Lake Ohio extended into Perry county. Prof. Wright's map marks Logan as the northern limit of the lake, on the Hocking river. Judging from this level, the lake reached to Maxville on Little Mondaycreek, to near Shawnee and MeCuneville on Big Mondaycreek, and to Corning on Sundaycreek. It must have backed up a considerable distance on Jonathan's Creek, at least to the Perry county line.
Pre-Glacial Drainage. By George W. DeLong.
Scientists have found much evidence that the pre- glacial drainage of a large portion of the state of Ohio was very different from its present drainage.
9
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
For our present discussion we need to note only a few of these changes. There seems to be very good reasons to believe that the Muskingum river flowed from Dres- den by way of Hanover, Newark, the Licking Reser- voir and Thurston, and joined the Scioto north of Circleville.
The Hocking river flowed north from Rock-bridge, Hocking county, and joined the Muskingum near Canal Winchester. Northern Perry county was in- cluded in this pre-glacial drainage area.
All the upper streams of the North Branch of the Moxahala, including Turkey Run flowed to the north- west and discharged their waters into the Muskingum at some point near the present Licking Reservoir.
The South Branch of the Moxahala, which was joined by Buckeye Creek at Darlington, flowed along the present line of the C. & M. V. R. R., from that point to Zanesville, and, having joined its waters with that of the Licking river, united with the Muskingum at some point north or west of Zanesville. The differ- ent branches of Rushcreek flowed approximately along their present courses and joined the Hocking near Lancaster.
When the great ice-sheet came down from the north, carrying with it a large amount of drift and till, the streamis described above were dammed up in their courses and lakes formed at Zanesville, in Thorn and Hopewell townships in Perry county, and at Lan- caster.
The waters of the Lake at Lancaster found an out- Ict over the low ridge at Rock-bridge and joined the southern half of the Hocking.
The lake at Zanesville found an outlet in the low
10
IHISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
ridge near the Muskingum and Morgan county lines and thus turned this stream to the south.
The lake in northern Perry county found an outlet in the low ridge east of Mt. Perry and having united with Buckeye Creek at Fultonham joined the south branch at Darlington and this formed the present Moxahala River which drains so large a portion of Perry county.
The Moxahala turned to the east at Darlington and after cutting its way through the hills, joined the Muskingum some miles below Zanesville. In time the outlets of these lakes cut canons in the ridges over which they flowed and thus the lakes were drained.
Terraces.
We quote from Prof. G. Frederick Wright. Ober- lin. "Almost without exception, the streams flowing southward from the glaciated area show marks of former floods from fifty to a hundred feet higher than any which now occur. Gravel deposits from fifty to a hundred feet higher than the present flood plain, line the valley of everyone of these streams, not only where they lie in the glaciated region, but through much of their course after they have emerged from the glaciated into the unglaciated region." This can be noticed in Thorn township, along the valley of Jonathan Creek. Has anybody in Thorn township ever noticed it? It is in these terraces that the so- called palaeolithic implements have been found, which show that man lived here before the ice came. Gold is often found in these terraces. It is called "Drift Gold." Some of it was discovered along the Licking river several years ago.
11
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
Rocks of Perry County as to Structure.
I. Massive Rock. As Granite.
2. Crystalline Rock. As Flint.
3. Stratified Rock. As Sandstone or Shale.
4. Fossiliferous Rock. As Limestone.
5. Sedimentary Rock. As Sandstone.
6. Conglomerate Rock. Pebbles cemented to- gether.
7. Decomposed Rock. Crumbled.
8. Concretionary Rock. As kidney iron ore.
Massive rocks are such as have been produced from within the crust of the earth in a molten condition. Most of them consist of two or more minerals. Their chemical constituents are silica, magnesia, lime, potash, soda, magnetic iron and phospate of lime. Igneous or Eruptive, is another name for massive rocks.
The granite found in the drift region, is a repre- sentative of the massive rock in Perry county.
Crystalline rocks are those that are formed mainly by chemical deposits. They are frequently found in- terstratified with other kinds. They are being formed constantly by mineral springs, or in the bottom of in- land seas and lakes. The most common Crystalline rock in Perry county is Flint or Chert.
Stratified Rocks are such as lie in lavers one over the other. Perry county rocks are all classed among the stratified except those brought in by the ice sheet. The strata of the county lie in much the same way as they did when they were deposited on the old sea floor or the bed of the inland sea. They have not been dis- turbed by orogenic agencies and the faults that may be found by borings can be accounted for, in other ways.
Fossiliferous Rocks contain fossils. The word
12
HISTORY OF PERRY COUNTY.
"fossil" etymologically means "dug up." For many years it included anv mineral substance, but its mean- ing is now restricted to include the remains of plants and animals preserved in rocks. Our Fossiliferous Rocks are shales and limestones.
Fossils are formed by the decay of animal cells and the mineral constituent taking the place of the organic matter. Our limestones are particularly fertile in fos- sils. They consist of shells of various forms of sub- marine life. Our shales have also an abundance of fossils. The imprint of leaves and stems of trees are especially plentiful. Sometimes the track of a bird is found. Even sandstone contains them in places. They do not occur frequently, however, as there is not suf- ficient plastic material in sandstone to hold the fossil intact. The writer is the possessor of a beautiful fossil in sandrock. It contains four fern leaves. Even the midrib is plainly visible. The fossils found in the coal measures of the county are best known. Many beautiful specimens have been discovered. Impressions of fern leaves, branches and trunks of trees, are of frequent occurrence. They are mostly to be found in the slate over the coal. In the shales that often accompany some of the lighter coal measures of the county may be found excellent fossils of plant life. About a mile cast of Junction City the writer found the fossiliferous stem of a plant, fifteen feet in length and was not able to get it all for the road workers had destroyed some of it. The Junction City High School pupils afterward found another one, a part of which they placed in their cabinet of collections. Another Perry county fossil is yet to be mentioned. But it is an alien. It was brought in by the glacial drift. Scat- tered throughout the drift region, especially in the
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