USA > Ohio > Richland County > History of Richland County, Ohio : (including the original boundaries) ; its past and present, containing a condensed comprehensive history of Ohio, including an outline history of the Northwest, a complete history of Richland county miscellaneous matter, map of the county, biographies and histories of the most prominent families, &c., &c. > Part 1
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1800
Glass
Book
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT
HISTORY
OF
RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO:
(INCLUDING THE ORIGINAL BOUNDARIES.)
ITS PAST AND PRESENT
CONTAINING
A CONDENSED COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF OHIO, INCLUDING AN OUTLINE HIS- TORY OF THE NORTHWEST ; A COMPLETE HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY ; ITS TOWNSHIPS, CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, SOCIETIES, INDUSTRIES, STATISTICS, &c .; A HISTORY OF ITS SOL- DIERS IN THE LATE WAR; PORTRAITS OF ITS EARLY SET- TLERS AND PROMINENT MEN ; MISCELLANEOUS MATTER ; MAP OF THE COUNTY ; BIOGRA- PHIES AND HISTORIES OF OUR PA- TRONS AND THE MOST PROMI- NENT FAMILIES, &C., &c.
COMPILED BY A. A. GRAHAM. ·
ILLUSTRATED.
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78762-1 Cil
MANSFIELD, OHIO: A. A. GRAHAM & Co., PUBLISHERS. 1807-1880.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1880, by A. A. GRAHAM & CO., In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
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PRINTERS 18 &120 MONROE ST
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PREFACE.
T' THE origin of this book lies in the fact that something over twenty-five years ago, Gen. R. BRINKERHOFF then a young lawyer, who had recently come into the county and made it his home, conceived the idea of preserving the annals of its early history. He had married the daughter of one of its earliest and best-known pioneers, and, as his associations brought him in contact with the men and women of those days, he felt that a record of their trials, their deeds of valor, their bravery and their fortitude, ought to be preserved for the instruction of the generations that would follow them. To subdue the forest with its vast growth of trees, its wild animals, and wilder men, required courage, persistence and heroism. Only the men and women who possessed these qualities could hope for success, hence only this class come to stay. They fought their way to victory, and are entitled to a historic record as the founders of a free country and a free people.
Recognizing these facts, Gen. BRINKERHOFF resolved to do his part in preserving the history of the pioneers of Richland County. With this object in view, he began to gather information in regard to pioneer times. In 1855, he became the editor of the Mansfield Herald, and soon began to publish the facts he had collected. He requested corrections and additions, and also printed a series of inter- rogations to call out further information. Then many of the earliest pioneers were living, and could tell him their personal experiences and recollections in regard to the events of " long ago," in Richland County, and could give him history that could not at present be gathered. By these means, he preserved the early annals of the county, that otherwise would be now irretrievably lost. His efforts called out others, who from time to time sent him their reminiscences. These, with his own, as they were pub- lished, were gathered into a scrap-book, and thus preserved in their order, under appropriate headings. At his suggestion, another individual, the Rev. JAMES MCGAW, was induced to take an interest in the enterprise. Mr. McGaw traveled over nearly all the southern part of the county in search of the his- tory of different localities, sending to Gen. BRINKERHOFF, the results of his labors, who published them in his paper.
The massacre of the ZIMMER, (commonly but erroneously known as the Seymour), and Ruffner families, furnished Mr. McGAW the plot of a pioneer story, which he successfully carried out. It was published first in the Herald as a serial, and afterward in book form, under the title "Pioneer Times in Richland County." It is a thrilling narrative of fact and fiction, illustrative of early days here. It was not intended to be a history, and was written simply as a story. It is now quite rare.
Gen. BRINKERHOFF followed the threads of local history, publishing in the Herald the items he gathered. In 1861, the great war broke over the land, at once putting an end to all such work. After its close, he gathered the scattered fragments, and upon the establishment of the Ohio Liberal, by him in 1873, again began the publication of early remniscences, many of which he had written while in the army.
A pioneer society, also, had been formed, and meetings held, where the subject of a county his- tory was occasionally broached, but no decisive steps taken, as no one appeared who understood the compilation of such a volume. The American Centennial of 1876 revived the question of such works, and gave an impetus to their compilation, that is now practically being carried out all over the United States. On the 4th of July of that year, by request of the President of the United States, cen- tennial addresses were delivered in many of the counties in the country by competent persons, gen- erally those who had made local history a study. In this county, Gen. BRINKERHOFF delivered the historical address. It was published in the county papers, and in pamphlet forni.
In the spring of 1879, the compiler of these pages, who had then had about five years' contin- uous experience in writing and compiling county histories and State gazetteers, came on a visit to
PREFACE.
Mansfield, and, while here, met Gen. BRINKERHOFF, and learned of his efforts to gather the history of the county. Having a practical knowledge of the preparation of such volumes, he saw the opening presented here, and immediately entered. Gen. BRINKERHOFF freely gave all his collected material, became an earnest and efficient helper, and, with Dr. WILLIAM BUSHNELL, MANUEL MAY, E. W. SMITH, REUBEN EVARTS, Dr. J. P. HENDERSON, and many others, took, from the beginning, an active interest in the enterprise. To the General's collections, as well as those of others, much of the accuracy of the volume is due.
The work was commenced about one year ago. It was thought best to include an outline history of Ohio, as histories of the State are quite rare. Over one hundred pages of the book are devoted to this subject, giving in as condensed a form as possible the narrative of the growth of Ohio.
Mr. N. N. HILL, Jr., a resident of Mansfield and a very accurate, careful writer, was engaged to assist in writing and compiling the history. For this purpose he visited nearly every township in the county, and gathered its local history. To his persevering efforts, much of the detailed history is due. Mr. Hill made the drawing from which the picture " the first cabin in Richland County " was made.
Agents to canvass the county, and to gather the history of families, were secured, and sent into the county. Each township was kept separate, and the history of each family properly condensed and prepared for press. In some instances, the agents have gathered longer biographies than was necessary (noticeably the case in Worthington and Monroe Townships, the compiler not having time to revisit and rewrite their biographies. Only the facts are aimed to be given, and are all that should appear in any history. The compiler does not hold himself responsible for the statements made in any biography. Each one was written at the dictation of the persons whose history it preserves, or by competent persons who knew the family, and who only can be held responsible.
In this volume, the aim has constantly been to give the simple narrative of facts as they occurred. History is simply a narrative of events. In works of this character, it is impossible to obtain that accuracy of detail desirable. The memory of no one is infallible, and in this book the larger part is obtained from the recollection of those who passed through the scenes here recorded. Often such persons came to the compiler and desired to correct their statements ; asserting they had forgotten some valuable part, or unconsciously and unintentionally made a slight error. All statements were verified as far as it was possible to do so ; and, where any discrepancy arose, two or three statements were obtained, compared , and the proper one determined.
To all those who have in any way contributed their aid in gathering and compiling these annals, the compiler desires to return his grateful acknowledgments. No one is more sensible than he of errors that may have crept into the work ; and none will accept kindly criticism more cheerfully. He expressly desires to extend his thanks to Dr. WILLIAM BUSHNELL, Dr. J. P. HENDERSON, Mr. REUBEN EVARTS, THOMAS B. ANDREWS, Hon. S. S. BLOOM, Mr. JOHN WARD, Gen. R. BRINKERHOFF, Mr. H. R. SMITH, Mr. W. W. DRENNAN, Col. R. C. BROWN, and to others. To Dr. GEORGE W. HILL'S valuable collections, which are frequently noticed in this work, and who has in manuscript form one of the best county histories extant ; to Miss ROSELLA RICE, Mr. JOHN Y. GLESSNER, for the use of the Shield and Banner files, also to Mr. GEORGE U. HARN, for the Herald, to the Liberal for its columns, to the Mansfield Call, to Mr. A. L. GARBER, for his aid, and use of the Bellville Star. Also to the Shelby Times and News, the Plymouth Advertiser, the Shiloh Review, and to other papers, who have all spoken a good word, and freely given their aid. In addition to these mentioned, many persons, in all parts of the county, and, indeed, in other parts of the State, gave valuable material, for all of which, and to whom the compiler sincerely desires to return his acknowledgments. Especially to Mr. HENRY NEWMAN, of Williams County, who visited Mansfield, that he might give the early history of the county, being the only survivor of its earliest days. Thanks are also due to all the County officers, as well as to all officials who possessed records that could throw any light on past events, and whose use was cheerfully and freely given.
Nearly three-quarters of a century have come and gone since the little band of surveyors under Gen. JAMES HEDGES began their labors in this part of Ohio, and measured the present domain of Richland County. Closely following them came JACOB NEWMAN, who built his humble cabin near the Rocky Fork, and began the life of a pioneer almost alone in this wilderness. In a year or two, others followed, attracted by the reports of the rich land in this part of Ohio. Different parts of the county,
PREFACE.
then attached to Knox, became settled, and, though checked by the war of 1812, and the Indian troubles of that day, emmigration went on steadily and surely.
To record the events of this lapse of time, has been the aim of this book. The PAST, like the PRESENT, has been full of important events, and fraught with a deep interest to the descendants of these pioneers of the PAST, whose sons and daughters of the PRESENT enjoy the fruits of their labors.
While the compiler and his assistants do not arrogate to themselves accuracy beyond criticism, yet the narrative will be found in a large measure correct. The compilation and arrangement of these annals has necessitated the careful examination and digestion of a labyrinth of facts, incidents, dates and narratives, enveloped in the PAST, entering so largely into the PRESENT of the community in whose interests these pages were written.
To all the Patriarchs of the PAST, and to the representative men and women of the PRESENT, without whose aid these annals could not have been written, the readers of these pages owe a debt of gratitude time can never repay. Without their aid, the history would have been unwritten and un- preserved.
At, Graham
COMPILER.
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. PAGE.
CHAPTER I .- Introductory, Topography, Geology, Primitive Races, Antiquities, Indian Tribes. 11
CHAPTER II .- Explorations in the West.
19
CHAPTER III .- English Explorations, Traders, French and Indian War in the West, English Possession .. 37
CHAPTER IV .- Pontiac's Conspiracy, Its Failure, Bouquet's Expedition, Occupation by the English. 48
CHAPTER V .- American Exploration, Dunmore's War, Cam- paign of George Rogers Clarke, Land Troubles, Spain in the Revolution, Murder of the Moravian Indians ... 52
CHAPTER VI .- American Occupation, Indian Claims, Early Land Companies, Compact of 1787, Organization of the Territory, Early American Settlements in the Ohio Valley, First Territorial Officers, Organization of Counties ... 60
CHAPTER VII .- Indian War of 1795, Harmar's Campaign, St. Clair's Campaign, Wayne's Campaign, Close of the War 73
CHAPTER VIII .- Jay's Treaty, The Question of State Rights and National Supremacy, Extension of Ohio Settlements, Land Claims, Spanish Boundary Question. 79
CHAPTER IX .- First Territorial Representatives in Congress, Division of the Territory, Formation of States, Marietta Settlement, Other Settlements, Settlements in the Western Reserve, Settlement of the Central Valleys, Further Set- tlements in the Reserve and elsewhere. 85
CHAPTER X .- Formation of the State Government, Ohio a State, The State Capitals, Legislation, The "Sweeping" Resolutions 121
CHAPTER XI .- The War of 1812, Growth of the State, Canal, Railroads and Other Improvements, Development of of State Resources .. 127
CHAPTER XII .- Mexican War, Continued Growth of the State, War of the Rebellion, Ohio's Part in the Conflict ..... 132 CHAPTER XIII .- Ohio in the Centennial, Address of Edward D. Mansfield, LL. D., Philadelphia, August 9, 1876 ...... ..... 138
CHAPTER XIV .- Education, Early School Laws, Notes, Insti- tutions and Educational Journals, School System, School Funds, Colleges and Universities. 148
CHAPTER XV .- Agriculture, Area of the State, Early Agri- culture in the West, Markets, Live Stock, Nurseries, Fruits, Etc .; Cereals, Root and Cucurbitaceous Crops, Agricultural Implements, Agricultural Societies, Pomological and Hor- ticultural Societies .. 151
CHAPTER XVI .- Climatology, Outline, Variation in Ohio,
Estimate in Degrees, Amount of Variability .. 163
HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY. PAGE.
CHAPTER XVII .- TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY .- The Divide- The Water-Courses-Soil-Surface Deposits-Gold-Iron `Ore-Geological Structure-Economic Geology .... 165
CHAPTER XVIII .- ARCHEOLOGY .- Mound-Builders-Mounds Classified-Mounds and Earth-Works in Richland County- Relics-Copper and Stone Implements-Axes, Mauls, Ham- mers, etc .- Mortars and Pestles-Plates, Thread-Sizers, Shuttles, etc-Wands and Badges-Paint Cups-Pipes ........ 176
CHAPTER XIX .- AGRICULTURE .- Agricultural Societies- Their History and Progress-The County Society, its Exhibitions and its Several Grounds-The Bellville Fair- The Plymouth Fair-Horticulture and the Horticultural Society-Its Influence on the Growth of Fruit Culture in the County-Statistics of Agriculture, Taxable Property, etc ... 193
CHAPTER XX .- INDIAN TRIBES IN THE COUNTY .- Wyandots or Hurons-Ottawas-Delawares-Shawanees-Greentown -Jeromeville-Captain Pipe-Thomas Armstrong-Other Chiefs-John M. Armstrong, his Education, Marriage, Work and Death-Indian Villages-Manners-Customs- Food-Hunting-Marriage Ceremonies-Religion-Feasts at Greentown and Jeromeville-Removal. 200
CHAPTER XXI .- FIRST WHITE MAN IN THE COUNTY .- James Smith and his Captivity-Major Robert Rogers and his Rangers-The Old Sandusky Trail-Girty and other White Renegades-Moravians and Their Missionaries-Craw- ford's March through the County-Captivity of Christian Fast-Explorers and Hunters. 213
CHAPTER XXII .- THE SURVEYORS .- Ordinance for the Sur- vey of the Northwest Territory-Ranges-Townships- James Hedges-Maxfield and William Ludlow-Jonathan Cox-Descriptions of the Surveyors' Field-notes, etc ......... 220
CHAPTER XXIII .- DIVISION INTO TOWNSHIPS .- Wayne County -Fairfield County-Knox County-Richland County At- tached to Knox-Madison Township-Green Township- Richland County-Act for Organization-County Seat- First Division of the County-Madison, Green, Jefferson and Vermillion Townships-Troy and Mifflin-Worthington and Montgomery-Blooming Grove, Springfield and Wash- ington-Orange-Milton-Franklin-Leepsic, Name chang- ed to Perry-Monroe-Plymouth and Sandusky-Hanover -Clear Creek-Sharon-Auburn-North Bloomfield- Vernon-Congress-Formation of Crawford County-Ash- land County-Morrow County-Jackson Township-
Butler-Weller-Cass. 227
CHAPTER XXIV .- EARLY SETTLEMENTS AND THEIR EXTEN- SION .- The Territory of Richland County-First Settler
CONTENTS.
PAGE,
and Settlement-The Newmans and Brubakers-The New- man Cabins-Pole Cabins-Catharine Brubaker-First Saw-Mill-Arrival of Michael Newman-The Fountain Cabin-Early Settlers on the Black Fork-First Grist-Mill -Laying out a Town-Jacob Newman-Michael and " Mother " Beam-Second Settlement in the County-The McCluer Settlement-First Roads-Settlements in 1809- Settlements in 1810 and 1811-Opening of the County by the Army in 1812-Settlements in 1814 and 1815-Wagon Trains and other means of Transportation-Taverns and Towns-Social Matters-Ring Fights-Wood-Choppings, Quiltings, Corn-Huskings, etc .- Wolf Pens-First Temper- ance Society-The Irish Schoolmaster-Fourth of July and Militia Musters-Ax Presentation-Agricultural Sta- tistics-Health-Congressmen from Richland. 233
CHAPTER XXV .- THE GOOD OLD DAYS .- Cabins and their Furniture-Early Educational Facilities-Clothing and its Manufacture-Superstitions-Salt-Hominy Blocks-Meal -Distilleries-Whisky and Its Use-Singing, Spelling and Dancing Schools-Camp Meetings-Modes of Emigration -Emigrants' Trials-Observance of the Sabbath-Mar- riages-Deaths-Incidents-Mills and Milling-Flat-Boats on the Black Fork-Militia Drills - Pioneer Jokes- Johnny Appleseed's Nurseries-Old Indian Landmarks ...... 248
CHAPTER XXV1 .- THE PIONEER SOCIETY .- The Meeting at Hemlock Falls-The Organization at Bellville-The Organ- ization in 1869-Constitution-The Centennial Meeting- The Meeting in 1879-General Brinkerhoff's Address-A List of the Pioneers. 260
CHAPTER XXVII .- " JOHNNY APPLESEED." 269
CHAPTER XXVIII .- INDIAN TROUBLES .- War of 1812-Alarm of the Settlers-Block-Houses-Greentown Indians and their Removal-James Copus-His Influence over the In- dians-Burning of the Indian Village-Capt. Armstrong -The Killing of an Indian by Morrison and McCulloch- The Jones Tragedy-Search for the Murderers of Jones- The Killing of Ruffner and the Zimmers-Sketch of Ruff- ner-Battle on the Black Fork and the Murder of James Copus-Removal of the Copus Family-Mrs. Sarah Vail- Killing of Two Indians near Mansfield. 272
CHAPTER XXIX .- WAR OF 1812 .- War Preparations in the State-Condition of the Frontier-Hull's Surrender-Dis- position of Troops-Erection of Block-Houses-Sketch of General Beall's Life-Organization of his Army-Scarcity of Supplies-Beall's March-Camp Council-Meeting Among the Troops-General Harrison Arrives-His Speech -General Beall's Difficulty with General Wadsworth- Arrested, Court-Martialed and Acquitted-His Brigade Dis- banded-The Expedition of General Crooks and Colonel Anderson-The Statement of Jolin F. Rice regarding the Battle on Lake Erie and Death of Tecumseh. 286
CHAPTER XXX .- THE MEXICAN WAR .- First Troops raised in the County-McLaughlin's and Ford's Companies-Let- ter of Dr. William Smith-Second Year of the War- George Weaver's Company-Its Part in the Conflict ......... 295
CHAPTER XXXI .- RAILROADS .- The Mansfield & New Haven, and Monroeville & Sandusky Roads-First Train in May 1846-Arrival of the First Train in Mansfield, and its Ap- pearance-The Roadbed-Breaking Ground at Mansfield- The Depot-Grain Trade-Oxford & Huron Road-The Mansfield & Sandusky Road-The Columbus & Lake Erie
PAGE.
Road-Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Road-Baltimore & Ohio Road-The Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Road -Springfield & Mansfield Road-The Bellefontaine Road -- Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago, or the Pennsylvania Road-The Atlantic & Great Western, Name Changed- The Mansfield, Coldwater & Lake Michigan Road-The. Telegraph-The Telephone. 302 CHAPTER XXXII .- THE WAR OF THE REBELLION .- Com- mencement of the War-First News in Mansfield-Public Meetings-Major Mclaughlin and the First Company- Departure for Columbus-Miller Moody's Company-The 15th and 16th Regiments in the Field-Their Return- Captain M. R. Dickey's Company-Captain A. C. Cum- mins' Company-Other Companies-Return of the Three- Months Men 313
CHAPTER XXXIII .- FIRST THREE-YEARS TROOPS .- Re-enlist- ment of Three-Months Men-Unsuccessful attempts of Captain Beekman's Company to enter the Three-Months Service and their Return-Organization of Companies in the County-Thomas Ford Commissioned to Raise the 43d Regiment-Camp Mordecai Bartley-The 15th Regiment- Departure of the 22d-Roster of the 32d-Its Life in the Field 323
CHAPTER XXXIV .- THE 15TH REGIMENT .- Roster-Organi- zation-Life at Camp Bartley-Leaves for the Front-Life in the Field-Sent to Texas-Muster-Out and Return-The 2d Cavalry-Its service in the War .. 331
CHAPTER XXXV .- THE SHERMAN BRIGADE .- Earliest Steps -Mr. Sherman's Arrival in Mansfield-Note-Interview with R. Brinkerhoff-Commencement of Recruiting-Will- iam Blair Lord-Captains Gass, McIlvaine, Ayers and Others -Selection of Camp Buckingham-Arrival of Major R. S. Granger-His Former Life, Character and Standing-He Pnts the Camp Under Military Discipline-Organization of the 64th and 65th Regiments-The Cavalry and Artillery- Senator Sherman's Letter to the Brigade-Quartermaster Brinkerhoff Detached from the Brigade-The Brigade's Departure for the Front-Its Disintegration as a Brigade- Rosters and Histories of the 64th, the 65th, the Cavalry and the Artillery 338
CHAPTER XXXVI .- WAR HISTORY CONCLUDED .- The 102d and its Organization-Death and Burial of Major McLaugh- lin-War Meetings-Bounties-Departure of the 103d-Its Roster-Its History in the Field-Its Discharge-The 120th -Recruiting to Avoid a Draft-Draft-Camp Mansfield Established-Drafted Men in Camp-120th Regiment Organized-Roster -- History in the Field-Consolidation with the 114th-Drafted Men in Camp Mansfield-Their Departure-Other Calls for Troops-Militia-Sanitary Fair -Ohio National Guard-163d Regiment-Close of the War-Return of Troops .. 355
CHAPTER XXXVII .- A CHAPTER OF TRAGEDIES .- Murder at Millsborough-John Welch Kills His Wife-The Bowland- Barker Affair-A Negro Killed-Return J. M. Ward-The Murder of Hall and the Peddler-Ward's Confession-The Steingraver Murder-Killing of Mock by Pool-Murder of Mrs. Lunsford-A Boy Kills his Brother-Murder of Will- iam Finney-The Killing of Alfred Palm-How Mansfield Treated her Thieves and Blacklegs. 366
CHAPTER XXXVIII .- THE MANSFIELD BAR .- The First Courts of the County-The First Grand Jury-The Early
o
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Lawyers of Mansfield-The Visiting Lawyers-The Presi- dent Judges-General Mclaughlin-General Robert Bent- ley-Thomas A. Ford-Mordecai Bartley-Judge Brinker- hoff-L. B. Matson-Milton W. Worden-General Brinker- hoff's Review of the Mansfield Bar 377
CHAPTER XXXIX .- THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF RICHLAND COUNTY .- The Old Block-Houses as Court Houses-The First Brick Court House-The Present Court House-The Jails, Infirmary, etc. 384
CHAPTER XL-A LIST OF THE COUNTY OFFICERS FROM 1813 TO 1880 .. 391
CHAPTER XLI .- BLOOMING GROVE TOWNSHIP -Organization -Physical Features-Settlers and Settlements-Pioneer Incidents and Adventures-The Stoner and Foulks Fami- lies-Mills-Schools and Churches-Trucksville-Rome- Shenandoah. 393
CHAPTER XLII .- BUTLER TOWNSHIP .- Organization-Topog- raphy-Early Settlers-Churches-Schools-The Village of Lafayette-Mills-The Grange-A Wolf Hunt. 40I
CHAPTER XLIII .-- CASS TOWNSHIP -Its Erection-Bounda- ries and Physical Features-Settlements-Indians-First Methodist Church-Schools and School Teachers-Towns- Old Salem-London-Planktown-Shiloh-Its Early Set- tlers-Buildings-Schools and Churches-The Shiloh Re- view 404
CHAPTER XLIV .- FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP-Organization and Topography-Agriculture, etc .- Indian Occupation-Roads -First Settlers and Settlement-First Hotels-Distillery- The Lead Mine-Bear Ilunting-"Shining" for Deer -A Snake Story-First Elections-Mills-Schools and Churches. 413
CHAPTER XLV .- JACKSON TOWNSHIP .- Organization-Name -Topographical Features-Hunting Grounds-Archæolog- ical-First Settlements-Judge McClure-First Road- Uriah Watson -- First Cabin-White Hunters-Early Set- tlers-Public Meetings-Town Ilall-Schools-Churches ... 419 CHAPTER XLVI .- JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. - Description - Streams-Timber - Organization -Early Officers-Reduc- tion to its Present Limits-List of Voters-First Settle- ment-Indians' Final Farewell-Pioneer List of 1869- Bellvillo-Newspapers-Bangor-Early Schools-Religion -Churches-Societies-First Orchards-Distillery-Birth -Marriage-Mills-Tornado-Stories-Bushong Murder - The Ilermitess-Soldiers of 1812. 426
CHAPTER XLVII .- EARLY HISTORY OF MADISON TOWNSHIP AND MANSFIELD .- Madison Township-Its Formation, Physical Features and Population-Survey-Early Settlers. Mansfield-Its Location and Survey-Established on the Rocky Fork-Name-First Settlers-First Cabin-First White Child-Pioneer Matters-A Number of First Things -General Crooks-The Block-Houses-John M. May-The Sturges Firm-Indians-What Rev. James Rowland and other Pioneers Say-Early Hotels, etc .. 413
CHAPTER XLVIII .- THE CITY CHURCHES .- The First Preshy- terian-The Congregational-The Associate, Associate Re- formed and the United Presbyterian-The Methodist Episco- pal Church-The First Baptist and Central Baptist Churches -English Lutheran-Church of Christ-St. John's- Reformed Presbyterian-St. Paul German Lutheran-St. Peter's Catholic-Grace Episcopal-African Methodist Epis- copal-Church of God-Believers in Christ. 464
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