USA > Ohio > Ohio annals : Historic events in the Tuscarawas and Muskingum Valleys, and in other portions of the state of Ohio > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28
Gc 977.1 M690 827450
INDIANA COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00826 5917
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/ohioannalshistor00mitc
OHIO ANNALS.
HISTORIC EVENTS
TUSCARAWAS AND MUSKINGUM VALLEYS,
AND IN OTHER PORTIONS OF
The State of Ohio.
. ADVENTURES OF POST, HECKEWELDER AND ZEISBERGER.
LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS OF THE KOPHS, MOUND BUILDERS, RED AND WHITE MEN.
Adventures of Putnam and Heckewelder, founders of the State.
LOCAL HISTORY. GROWTH OF OHIO IN POPULATION, POLITICAL POWER, WEALTH AND INTELLIGENCE.
. IN ONE VOLUME, 367 OCTAVO PAGES, ON TINTED PAPER, ENGLISH CLOTH.
EDITED BY BLACK GOLD
C. H. MITCHENER, Of the New Philadelphia (Ohio) Bar.
DAYTON, OHIO: THOMAS W. ODELL, Publisher. 1876.
ENTERED, ACCORDING TO THE ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1875, BY C. H. MITCHENER, IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS.
1
Printed by W. D. BICKHAM, Dayton, Ohio,
.
1
INTRODUCTORY.
GENERAL SUMMARY OF EVENTS-A HISTORICAL PANORAMA OF OHIO.
This volume is dedicated to the Press. Passing over the geological and pre-historic portions, and coming down to the historic column, the State of Ohio presents one of the grandest series of panoramic scenes in history.
SCENE 1. 827450
Post's cabin in 1761-He gets from the Indians fifty steps square for God's farm-He returns in 1762 with Heckewelder, and enters the cabin singing - a hymn.
SCENE IT.
Zeisberger preaching to Netawatwes and the Indians, who give him land for curing small-pox, and privilege to establish mission at Big Spring.
SCENE III.
Heckewelder and twenty-two canoes arrive at Schoenbrunn with Indians, and all go to putting up buildings.
SCENE IV.
Simon Girty at Schoenbrunn urging converts to join the English side in revo- lution.
SCENE V.
Captain White Eyes rebutting Pipe's speech at. Goshocking-Heckewelder rides from Fort Pitt to Coshocton and calms the Delawares.
SCENE VI.
Pipe and the Monseys and Wyandots go over to the British-Return to Salem and drive off missionaries and Indians to Sandusky.
SCENE VII.
Zeisberger and Heckewelder taken to Detroit and tried for treason, while Indians return to valley for corn.
iv
INTRODUCTORY.
SCENE VITI.
Girty over on Monongahela urging the borderers to go and kill the Indians and burn their towns-March of Williamson to Gnadenhutten with his men- Murder of ninety-six Indians.
SCENE IX.
Girty at Sandusky urging Indian warriors to revenge the death of their kindred -Warriors start on their raids to the border.
SCENE X.
Organizing of Crawford's rangers, and march towards Sandusky-Stop at Schoenbrunn-Crawford in a dream sees Ann Charity and her skeletons- His march onward-Indian towns abandoned -- Indians attack and defeat his army-Crawford captured and burned-Army back at Schoenbrunn- Williamson in his dream sees Ann Charity on her return pass Schoenbrunn with her skeletons, guarded with warriors carrying the scalps of Crawford's men-Her appearance at Gnadenbutten-Buries skeletons and scalps- Ann disappears-Great Spirit moves up and down the valley-The ruins 1 for fifty miles-Four hundred Indians repass the Big Spring-God and Mannitto appear; after cursing the valley, dry up the spring and disap- pear to fight it out on another line.
SCENE XI.
Zeisberger and converts in the wilderness among the snows and dangers for seventeen years.
SCENE XII.
Putnam and his men land at Marietta; settlement thereat-Indian treaty- Brandt and his two hundred warriors at Duncan's falls-He is visited by Louisa St. Clair, who conducts him to the governor's house-Seeks her to wife-Is repulsed by the governor, and returns to his camp crazed in love.
SCENE XIII.
Marmar marches to the Maumee-His defeat-St. Clair renews the fight-His defeat-Indians around Marietta, at the forts, and declare no white man shall plant corn in Ohio-Scenes at Marietta-Wayne comes-Marches to the Maumee, and his victory-Return of peace-Ohio settled by white men.
LAST SCENE.
Death and burial of Putnam and Heckewelder-Tableaux of the great State covered by three million of inhabitants-Owning twenty-three hun- dred million dollars of property-Paying twenty-three million dollars taxes-Riding on five thousand miles of their own railroad, within her borders-Supporting twelve thousand common schools, two hundred col- leges and academies-Three hundred and fifty newspapers and periodicals printed in the State, with two million readers.
In conclusion the editor asks the commendation of the press, by inserting this summary in their papers.
J
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Theory of the geological structure-A molten mass-Sea of fire-Sulphurous gas-Crust and Crevices-Air and Moisture-The first rain enters the crevices-Explosions- Upheavals-Continents - Oceans - Mollusks-Fishes-Plants-Reptiles-Animals- Man-Plains and bottoms-Hills and Mountains -- Names-The water-shed of Ohio- Legends of the Kophs and Israelites. Pages 1-16.
CHAPTER II.
Story of the cave-dwellers-Mound builders in Stark, Tuscarawas, Coshocton, Muskingum, Morgan and Washington-Forts and mounds in Licking and other localities-Legend of the Northmen, Welshmen, &c .- La Salle at the Muskingum two hundred years ago-Ohio part of France-Gist's trip down the Muskingum, 1750-Washington and Gist-Braddock, &c. Pages 17-44.
CHAPTER III.
Capture and captivity of James Smith and John McCullough in the valleys, 1755-1756- Their adventures-Christian F. Post's visit to the Tuscarawas, 1761-Heckewelder, 1762-Traditions of the Lenape, Mengue, Mahiccani-Their first acquaintance with liquor. Pages 45-69.
CHAPTER IV.
Boquet's military expedition into the valleys, 1764-Recovers 206 white men, woman and children. Pages 70-82.
CHAPTER V.
The Moravian Germans settle on the Tuscarawas, 1771-2-Schoenbrunn-Code of Laws- Zeisberger and Heckewelder, 1773-Gnadenhutten-Rev. Jones sets out to convert the heathen-They drive him away with mock devils-Indian feast at New Comerstown- Events there in 1774-Legend of the white woman-Pipe and White Eyes-Settlement near Coshocton, 1776-Netawatwes-Cornstalk-Geo. Morgan-1777-Monsey Conspir- acy-Dunmore's war of 1774-Legend of Abraham Thomas. Pages 83-125.
CHAPTER VI.
Legend of Cornstalk at Gnadenhutten-Erection, investment and abandonment of Fort Laurens-Incidents and adventures thereat-Death of White Eyes, 1778-9-Col. John Gibson kills "Little Eagle"-Forts in Ohio-Number of Indians-Buckskin Cur- rency. Pages 126-145.
CHAPTER VII.
Heckewelder's great ride-Lichtenau settlement, near Coshocton, abandoned-Simon Girty after Zeisberger's scalp-Salem settled in 1780-Indians massacred at Coshocton, 1781-British and Indians capture Schoenbrunn, Gnadenhutten and Salem-Drive off the inhabitants to Sandusky-Trial and acquittal of Heckewelder, Zeisberger and Senseman, as spies. Pages 146-158.
vi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VIII.
Legend of the bloody valley-The Gnadenhutten massacre-Capture and death of Col. Crawford-Ann Charity, the witch-Capture and death of Charles Builderback-David Williamson, 1782. Pages 158-176.
CHAPTER IX.
The ancient Seneca capital, " Tuscarawas"- Gehelemukpechuk, Goshuckgunk, &c. - Fifty miles of ruins along the ancient river-Legend of the " Big Spring"-Story of the white squaw's revenge-Legend of the white captive girl at New Schoenbrunn- Legend of the.Conner family-First settlers in eastern Ohio-Congress gives the val- leys to the revolutionary soldiers, 1785-The Indian fighters, the Zanes, Poes and Wetzells-Logan, the Mingo chief-Sketch of Simon Girty. Pages 177-207.
CHAPTER X.
Traditions of the Senecas-A legend of slaughter-Sketch of Shingask-Death of his queen at " Tuscarawas"-Legend of Heckewelder's love-Narrow Escape-Delaware barons and lords of the forest on the Tuscarawas-Indian food-Cookery-Dress- Courting and Marriages-Kindness, &c .- The Indian's heaven-Sketch of Black Hoof- Legend of "Three Legs Town, &c. Pages 208-224.
CHAPTER XI.
First settlement at the month of the Muskingum-Marietta-Erection of the North-west territorial government, 1788-Erection of Washington and other counties-Marietta settlers named and described-Indian war-Scenes in the days of her danger-Harmar and St. Clair-First court in Ohio-Indians kill the first settlers in Morgan County- Wayne's victory-Organization of the State-Recapitulation of events in the lives of Rufus Putnam and John Heckewelder, the founders of Ohio-Adventures of Hamilton Kerr, the Indian fighter-Legend of Louisa St. Clair-Joe Rogers, the ranger-Louis Phillippe, Burr and the Mariettians-The Blennerhassetts and Burr, &e .- Zeisberger returns from seventeen years exile-Founds Goshen and dies-Last of the missions and red men in the valleys. Pages 224-271.
CHAPTER XII.
The last Indian war-War with England-Tecumseh's conspiracy-His death-Elliott family-Killing of Robert Elliott-Growth of Ohio by counties for seventy years- Progress of parties and their names-Names of, and votes for all the Governors- Presidential votes since 1852-Increase of wealth by counties for twenty-four years- Coal and its formation-The bible narratives and geology-Members of the three constitutional conventions of Ohio-Newspapers in the valley-First salt works in the Valleys. Pages 272-293.
CHAPTER XIII.
Early settlers in Morgan and Muskingum-Early settlers in Coshocton County-Incident of slavery-Early settlers and prominent men in Stark County-First honses and mills in the valleys-First berths in Ohio-First christian burying grounds in Ohio-Oldest inhabitants in the Tuscarawas valley, and first preachers-Sketches of Christian Deardorff, John Judy, Sr., Philip Correll, Peter Williams, Jacob Blickensderfer, John Knisely, Henry Laffer, Abraham Shane, Walter M. Blake, Alexander McConnell, John Coventry, George Smithour, James Patrlek, Sr .- Death roll of four hundred early settlers-Sketch of Zoar-Model will-Largest land holders-List of carly lawyers and county officers-Elk fight-Wolves and wolf' hunters-Henry Willard's bear fight- John Mizer's catamount fight-John Henry's panther fight-Adam Reamer and the "mad woman"-Canals in Ohio-Railroads in Ohio-Funston, the murderer -- Front men from Eastern Ohio-Governors, U. S. Senators, Supreme Judges-Development of intelligence in Ohio-The newspaper and periodieal press in Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Toledo, Zanesville, and all the county towns in Ohio, &c. Pages 204-358.
LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS.
The legend of fire and water. t
The story of animals, mastodons and elephants in Ohio .. 3
The story of hills and valleys
The legend of the Kophs. 13
The legend of the island Atalantis and Israelites 14
The story of the cave dwellers in Ohio. 17
The legend of the mound builders in the valleys
The ancient race in Coshocton County. 21
The mound and fort builders in Muskingum, &c.
Legend of the Northmen and Welshmen
91
Legend of La Salle at the Muskingum.
Traditions of the Delawares or Lenape, Iroquois or Mengwe, Mohicans or Mahiccani, and Monsey or Minsi. 62
Legend of their first experience under liquor
65
Legend of the White Woman's river. 106
Legend of Cornstalk at Gnadenhutten.
1:26
Legend of Ogista sacrificing his son 208
Legend of the bloody valley and the witch, Ann Charity. 158 Legend of the Big Spring. 179
Story of the white squaw's revenge 180
Legend of the captive girl at New Schoenbrunn. 182
Legend of the Conner family 184
Legend of Heekewelder's love 210
Legend of the Indian's heaven
217
Legend of Three Leg's town .. 219 Legend of Marietta in the days of her danger. 2.17
Legend of Louisa St. Clair, the governor's daughter 252
Legend of Louis Phillipe at the Muskinguni .. 2256
Legend of Burr and the Blennerhassetts at Marietta. 267
Story of the wolf bitten mad woman.
1
HISTORICAL CORRECTIONS AND ERRORS.
There being a distance of one hundred and sixty miles between the editor and type-setters, he was unable to see revised proofs, consequently errors have intervened. He calls attention to the most prominent for the reader to correct :
On page 14, read "who," after "lawgiver; " page 16, read "the tribes," in- stead of "they ; " page 37, "Whitewoman," should be " Walholding ; " page 56, "present," should be "original; " 63, "between " lead "about ; " 65, read "recover," instead of "receive;" 74, read "and the fact," after " plains; " 147, after "from," read " the scenes of; " 159, after "north-west," read "and ; " 181, read "vowed," for "avowed; " 189, after "preach," put a " period," and omit "quotation marks; " 217, read " 1762" instead of "1792; " 242, read "1781, instead of "1789; " 275, read " valleys," for "counties ; " same page, read " Cal- . lender, a relation of," before the word " General ;" 289, add " Lewis D. Camp- bell, Vice-President; " 291, read " William T. Bascomb," instead of " Josiah Hartzell; " 298, read "south," instead of " north ; " 305, after " valley," read "who came after 1800; " 320, fill first dash, " 1819; " second, "80 odd ; " pages 321 &c., death-roll, in some cases the death may have been in the latter part of the year before, or the forepart of the year after the one given; 324, read "four thousand," instead of "four hundred, " 322, read "1853," instead of " 1653; " read " Saffer " as " Laffer," Kinsey, as Knisely, Trupp, as Trapp, Ne- part, as Neighbor, Langhead, as Laughead, Nugill, as Nugen, &c .; page 346, read "ten per cent.," instead of " six ; same page, read " $10 per head," instead of "$5; " 351, after " Joseph W. White," read " 1863 to 1865 ;" 347, for " mame," read " name ; " 353, read "G. W. Hill," after " B. F. Nelson," &c. ยท
In Appleton's Cyclopedia, of sixteen volumes, which occupied the time and scrutiny of a dozen editors several years, it is stated on page 349, of volume 6, that " British frontiersmen," massacred the ninety odd Christian Indians at Gnadenhutten in 1782. These murderers were Williamson's American bor- derers, aroused to fury by the murders committed by Indians under pay of the British at Detroit, and Simon Girty's band of colonial renegades.
In Evert's Atlas of Stark County, 1875, it is stated that in 1802 there were five thousand Delaware warriors on the Tuscarawas in a distance of eight miles south of Massillon. All the warriors of all the tribes in Ohio did not number five thousand at that time. The Delawares had less than six hundred warriors at Wayne's victory in 1794-the confederated tribes numbering about two thousand. In Harrison's fight with Tecumseh the confederated tribes were less than two thousand. But such errors of fact and the types will occur.
CHAPTER I.
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OHIO.
Before noting the coming of men into these valleys, it may be well to refresh the memory as to the geological structure of Ohio.
Going down the geological column of the globe, especial- ly as regards North America, the geologist observes the evidence of it having been a molten mass, its surface a sea of fire, and the air nought but sulphurous gas. That after a countless period a crust formed, the air cooled over it, and moisture following, the first rain began to wash a young world. 1
The turbid waters seeking an outlet through the crevices in the crust caused explosions and earthquakes, ending in upheavals of igneous rocks into continents, and the subsi- dence of the waters into oceans.
This is the whole story of the action of water in the first, or Eozoic age, when there was no life, according to the elder geologists, but modern discoveries indicate the existence of organized life in that age.
Then came the ages of time classed as :
The Silurian, or age of Mollusks;
The Devonian, or age of Fishes;
The Carboniferous, or age of Plants and Trees;
The age of reptiles; the age of animals, and last the age of man. Omitting the eras, periods, and epochs, in Ohio is found peat and alluvium in the age of man : beaches, terraces, iceberg drift, glacial drift, forest bed and clay in the strata belonging to the age of animals; in the age of reptiles, strata wanting: in the carboniferous age, coal,
-
2
conglomerate rock, limestone, minerals; in the Devonian age, water-lime, saline rock, shale, and all the rocks found in the Niagara, Clinton and Cincinnati groups; as known to geologists, making twenty-four kinds of strata, repeated many times as in the coal veins. These, as all others, show the action of water as the master force in their formation and deposition, demonstrating the great fact that the sea covered Ohio, sometimes partially, and sometimes entire, sufficiently long to produce all these stratifications, each in turn, and the several series collectively in their turn.
Colonel Whittlesy, of the first geological corps of Ohio, many years ago, estimated the stratas to extend in depth 3566 feet, since which time, by the aid of science, this depth has been increased, but when it is considered, as claimed by some, that each inch of coal counts 2,000 years, it is beyond computation, or human comprehension, to fix the period of all these formations and deposits.
Taking an expanded view of the continents, the geolo- gists find at the bottom of the column minerals, rocks, and limestone, and in the waters, mossy, spongy debris, shells, and coral. Higher up they find in addition sandstone and the ores, and in the waters plants and fishes. Ascend- ing still they find in addition (to gold, silver, iron, and lead,) marble, slate, tin and copper, and in the waters reefs of coral, fossil fishes, and sharks, of great dimensions. Ascending still they find strata of all the rocks and miner- als, including dead forests, and plants, converted to .coal. Also clay beds, shale, shell beds, fossils, lignite, cement, marl, buhr and building stone, sedimentary sand and gravel, with evidence that mammoth animals roamed over the land, and monsters of the deep swam in every sea long before the age of man.
3
THE STORY OF ANIMALS.
Among animal and reptile remains found in North America and Europe are mammoths, mastodons, tapirs, carnivores, reindeer, the dinothere-a combination of ele- phant and whale-two-horned rhinoceros, tigers, lions, bears, hyenas, four times their present size. The ichthyo- saurus, forty feet in length with paddles like a whale, and eyes the size of a man's head-the iguanodon, a gigantic reptile, body as large as an elephant-the megalosaurus, a monster reptile seventy feet long-the teleosaurus, a slen- der reptile, thirty feet, jaws opening six feet-the hadro- saur, a species of kangaroo, twenty feet long-the cimolia- saur, a monster serpent forty feet, are some of the issue of land and water in the ages before man, whose remains have been found by geologists in Europe and America.
In Ohio, the mastodon and elephant roamed. Near Massillon, Ohio, there was dug up in the year 1832, as stated by a gentleman in the Clearfield Banner of that year, two large tusks, measuring each nine feet six inches in length, and eight inches in diameter, being two feet in girth at the largest ends. The outside covering was as firm and hard as ivory, but the inner parts were decayed. They were found in a swamp, about two feet below the surface, and were similar to those found at Big-bone lick, Kentucky, the size of which animal, judging from the bones found, was not less than sixty feet in length. Each tooth of the creature found in Kentucky weighed eleven pounds.
In December, 1868, a Mr. Kennon, of Fairview, Ohio, on the edge of a creek, five miles from the Muskingum River, and ten miles south-east of Zanesville, found a bone of the foreleg, and tooth of a mastodon. The tooth weighed seven pounds and four ounces, and the bone of the leg, or knee, was over two feet in length, and thirty inches in circumference. They were found projecting out
4
of the bank, about four feet below the surface of the land, and near the water. From calculations made at the time, these remains were judged to have belonged to an animal twice the size of a full-grown elephant, and were exhibited by the finder to the junior publisher of this book, and other persons in Cambridge, Ohio, at the time, and taken to the home of Mr. Kennon for preservation.
Other remains of animals of like huge dimensions have been found in these valleys, and elsewhere in the state. Professor Newberry says that in Cuyahoga County numer- ous portions of the skeletons of elephant and mastodon have been found in the gravel and sand of the Cleveland plateau. In other parts of Ohio they are found in the forest-bed and in the overlying portions of the drift, as well as in the peat marshes that belong to the present geo- logical epoch. Hence it may be concluded that the ele- phant and mastodon continued to inhabit portions of what is now Ohio from the time when the ancient soil accu- mulated.
Professor Gilmore says :
"In the summer of 1870, a partial skeleton of a mastodon was found in a swamp in Auglaize County, Ohio. The bones were found in natural juxtaposition and in such shape as to leave no question that the animal was mired and died in the place where he was found. The lower halves of the legs were nearly upright, and in proper rela- tive position, though somewhat sprawled. The bones of the feet were perfectly preserved, together with the distal portion of the lower shaft bones. The upper ends of these bones were somewhat decomposed. The bones of the body and head lay in a crushed and fragmentary condition, about eighteen inches from the surface. Ribs, tusks, ver- tebra and teeth were in proper place, and the latter were well enough preserved to identify the specimen as an adult and rather large individual of mastodon giganteus. The legs being thrust in the mud were best preserved. The body exposed to the air decomposed rapidly, and let the
5
bones fall to the surface of the bog, where they were but partially protected. The overlying peat has been formed since the deposition of the skeleton. The swamp had been cut by some farmers in making a broad ditch, and before drainage had become so firm as to be sparsely covered by trees. There can be no question, however, that the creature lived and died long after the deposition of the drift on which the marsh deposits rest."
THE STORY OF FISHES.
Of fish, the remains of twenty different species have been found in the Ohio coal measures and corniferons limestone. In the waverly group of stone in Southern Ohio, in sedi- ments of the carboniferous age have been found large fish beds; and in Lucas, Delaware, Cuyahoga, Medina, Portage, Summit, Jefferson, Warren, and many other connties, in- cluding those of the Muskingum and Tuscarawas valleys, fossil remains of fish, salamanders, and sharks have been found in the shales, coal, and limestone rocks, some of which have been traced back by geologists to their re- spective Carboniferous and Devonian seas, in accordance with the stratas in which found, these stratas serving with comparatively unerring correctness, to indicate the corner stones of geological time.
It is claimed that the oldest fish remains found in America are those in the carboniferous limestone of the Devonian age, but in Europe fish remains reach down to the Upper Silurian limestones, which in Ohio, are the Cin- cinnati group, and therein will yet be found these remains.
It is supposed that the first submergence of the Eozoic continent resulted in the deposit of the group of Lower Silurian limestone, which after standing countless ages, the Lower. Silurian sea was withdrawn, and succeeded by land surfaces without stratification. Afterward the land was again submerged, the sea reaching nearly as far as before. In the advance, continuance and retreat of the
6
tvaters of the second submergence, the Upper Silurian strata was deposited, made up in part of the Clinton, Ni- agara, and Helderberg limestones, from the remains of animals that inhabited the Upper Silurian sea. When the waters again retreated to the ocean basins that have always been sea, and remained millions of years, they again came back in the Devonian submergence, and were filled by hordes of monsters more formidable than the sharks of our day. When the Devonian retreat of seas took place, all the group of great scale armored and bucklered fishes departed, never to return, but when the next or carbo- niferous submergence took place sharks abounded in great numbers, and reigned as monarchs of the ocean world, while along the shores and in the lagoons of the coal measures, after the retreat of the carboniferous seas, were found the " ganoids," a small glittering scale armored fish which abounded in great numbers. Also amphibeans, many of which were aquatic, and carniverous salamanders not unlike those of this day, but of great dimensions. Some were slender, snake-like without limbs, and from which is traced a connected chain from the ganoids through the amphibeans up to reptiles of our day, for after the re- treat of the carboniferous sea, all the space between the Mississippi and Atlantic was left dry land, and never since entirely submerged, and along the lakes and rivers of the Canadian continent, the ganoids of the coal period have continued to exist to the present time.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.