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STATE HISTO
7. 11 . 50
NISNO
1846
Y OF WIS
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THE
COUNTY OF FULTON
A History of Fulton County, Ohio, from the Earliest Days, with Special Chapters on Various Subjects, Including Each of the Different Townships; Also a Biographical Department.
THOMAS MIKESELL EDITOR
MADISON, WIS. NORTHWESTERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 1905
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The reproduction of this book has been made possible through the sponsorship of the Fulton County Genealogical Society, Swanton, Ohio.
whipporwill publications Successor 10 Unigraphic, Inc. 4400 Jackson Ave. - Evansville, IN 47715
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F 497 F9 068 1983
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1. FULTON COUNTY ANTIQUITIES 17
The Mound Builders-Their works in Fulton county-General description of mounds-Implements made by the extinct race-Conflicting theories.
2. EARLY JURISDICTION 30 Title to lands-Treaty of 1783-Virginia's claim of sovereignty- The Greenville treaty-The county of Wayne-Representa- tives in first legislative assembly-Under the jurisdiction of Montgomery, Miami, Shelby, Williams, Lucas, and Henry counties-Claims of the Indians-Cessions of territory by the Red Men-Formation of Fulton county.
3. THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE
45
Importance of the question-The origin of the difficulty- Mitchell & Bradley's map-Exception clause in first State con- stitution-The Harris line-The Fulton line-The Wabash and Lake Erie canal-Attack upon official surveying party -. Major Stickney and his connections with the boundary dis- pute -- Removal of the obstreperous Acting-Governor Stevens of Michigan-Dispute finally settled by Congress- Legal phases of the question.
4. SETTLEMENT AND ORGANIZATION
60
Pioneer settlements and mention of early settlers-The "Vis- tula Road"-Organization of the county-Nathaniel Leggett- First county officials-The locating of the seat of Justice- The building of the Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana railroad-History of efforts to establish newspapers-Census of 1860-Character of the population.
3. THE COUNTY'S WAR RECORD.
74
Period of peace-The sectional strife-Opposition to the gov- ernment's policy-First organization of troops-The Four- teenth regiment-The Thirty-eighth, Sixty-seventh, Sixty- eighth, Eighty-fifth, Eighty-sixth, One Hundredth, One Hundred and Eleventh and other regiments of infantry-The Third regiment of cavalry-Field and staff officers furnished by Fulton county.
6. THE LAST FORTY YEARS.
88 Chronological record of events from the close of the war to 1905 -Removal of the seat of Justice to Wauseon-Census of 1900.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
7. POLITICS AND OFFICIAL HONORS. 102
Political history of the county, beginning with 1850, and including a roster of National, State and county officers, brought down to date, with biographical mention of many of the favored individuals.
8. RESOURCES AND EARLY ENTERPRISES 114 Industry and agriculture-Topography and geology of the county -The drift deposit-Agricultural products-Agricultural societies and fairs-Patrons of husbandry-Primitive manu- factures-Statistics cf 1904.
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9. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 126
Early schools and schoolmasters-Description of the primitive schoolhouses-Old-fashioned spelling-schools-School books
. -Statistics concerning the present day schools in the county.
10. BENCH AND BAR 135
List of associate judges under the old Constitution-Early court of common pleas-First session of court in Fulton county -Common pleas judges with sketches-The district court -Prosecuting attorneys-Probate court and judges-Clerks of the courts-Sheriffs-Members of the bar.
11. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 144
Afflictions of the pioneers-The ravages of malarial fever- Sketches of early physicians-County medical society.
12. CLIMATOLOGY 152
From the recorded observations made and kept by Thomas Mikesell-Interesting tables.
13. A CHECK-LIST OF WOODY PLANTS
169
Comments by the editor.
14. YORK TOWNSHIP 1:7
Natural features-The pioneers and their work-First birth and marriage-Church sketches-Village of Delta.
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15. SWAN CREEK TOWNSHIP
182
.
Organization-Natural features-Sketches of early settlers-Cen. terville and Swanton-Church organizations.
16. AMBOY TOWNSHIP 188
Natural features-Sketches of pioneers-Their homes and
schools-Metamora-Churches.
17. CHESTERFIELD TOWNSHIP 194
Organization and boundaries-The early settlers and their records.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER
PAGE
18. ROYALTON TOWNSHIP
200
Natural advantages-Eli Phillips, Butler Richardson and other pioneers-Church mention-Lyons or Morey's Corners.
19. CLINTON TOWNSHIP
205
Boundaries-Topographical features-First settlement-Progress of the township-City government of Wauseon-Public library-Churches-Cemetery-Social organizations.
20. GORHAM TOWNSHIP
215
Hiram Farwell and other early settlers-The first election-Town of Fayette-Schools.
21.
GERMAN TOWNSHIP
223
Organization- Varied population-Natural features-Nicholas King and other pioneers-Archbold-Churches.
22. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP
228
Erection of township-Creeks-Notable pioneers.
23. FULTON TOWNSHIP
234
Character of country-Pioneer sketches-Early schools Industries-Swanton-First religious organization.
24.
PIKE TOWNSHIP
241
Antiquities and natural features -- Aetna-First settlement-
Sketches of pioneers-Mills, schools and churches.
25.
DOVER TOWNSHIP.
245
Organization-The first settlers-Schools and churches.
BIOGRAPHICAL DEPARTMENT
249
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BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
PAGE
Allen, Joseph O.
249
Allen, William B. 250
Arnsbarger, Charles 230
Arnsbarger, Orlando.
.251
Banister, Fred F
252
Barber, Edwin L.
253
Barber, Herbert A.
255
Barden, John H.
255
Barnes, Oliver P.
256
Baumgardner, John
25
Beatty, George F.
258
Beebe, Arthur
259
Beebe, David L
260
Benner, Louis O.
261
Bennett, Charles E 262
Berkebile, Chancey 264
Biddle, Jacob T.
265
Biddle, James M
265
Biddle, John L.
266
Biddle, Samuel A
268
Biddle, Stillman.
268
Biddle, William L .269
Bishop, Sylvester P. 270
Blackman, Frank G.
271
Blair, Frank T.
272
Blair House, The 329
Blake. Eugene
273
Blake, Wesley A.
273
Blubaugh, Henry
275
Bogart, Charles F. 276
Bolles, Nelson E. 277
Bonnell, Jacob
278
Born, James J.
279
Borton, William 645
Bowser, Noah W
281
Bradley. Schuler 282
Brailey. Charles E 283
Brailey, James S. 285
Brailey, Orra M.
287
Brainard, W. F.
288
Brenner, Leroy S. 288
Briggs, Franklin
290
Briggs, Rufus
291
Brigham, Joel, Jr 292
Brigham, Roy S
294
Brink, Byron
293
Brink, John L.
296
Brinkman. Frederick 298
Brown, Davis
299
Brown, George W 300
Buler, David L ...
302
Burroughs, James F
303
PAGE
Camburn, Frank A
304
Cameron, George W
.305
Camp, Levi B ..
. 649
Campbell, William H
306
Canfield, Arthur B.
307
Carrell, Charles W .309
Castle, Clyde O .. 310
Chatfield, Alfred A.
.310
Clark, Carey A ..
311
Clarke, William R
312
Cooney, Martin
313
Cosgrove, Louie C ..
.314
Cottingham, George L 315
Cottrell, Edward B.
.316
Crippen, Frank R
.317
Croninger, Benjamin F
648
Croninger, William W
.318
Betts, Robert H.
322
Crumrine, David
319
Cunningham, Eli
320
Curtis, Orrin W. 321
Daniels, Albert C
324
Davoll, Edward S
325
Davoll, George R .326
Dennis, Andrew J. 327
Devo, Albert .... 331
Disbrow, Andrew T 332
Disbrow, Caleb E .332
Disbrow, David J. .333
Domitio, Christopher 335
Donovan, Orville A .336
Dowell, Albert
.337
Dowell, Marion. .338
Dowell, William
.339
Drew, Albert N
362
Drum, Peter
.341
Edgar, Albert
.341
Edgar, Elmer
.342
Eldredge, Bert C. .343
Everett, George A.
.314
Everett, Samuel.
.345
Fauble, Robert W
.347
Feltz, Eugene.
348
Fenner, David J
363
Fenton, Charles H
349
Fields, William H
350
Finn, Robert J .351
First, Jacob H
352
Fleming, Frank L 352
Flory, Joseph P 353
Ford, Ansel L
354
Fouty, Stephen
355
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BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
PAGE
Fouty, Theodore
.356
Fowler, William E
357
Fraker, Andrew J .358
Fraker, Mrs. Sarah L .369
Fraker, Thomas H
.370
Frybarger, Samuel .371
Gamber, John J 372
Garman, Philip 367
Gasche, Harman .3.8
Gee, Jobn.
359
Gee, William H
363
Geer, David.
.364
Geer, Francis B.
360
Geiger, Conrad.
365
Lambert, William H
.435
Lathrop, Alba A
439
Laver, John S.
437
Lee, Harmon A .
. .
436
Leininger, Solomon
440
Lenhart, Peter J
441
Lepard, William H 442
Lester, Isaac.
467
Lester, Lee
468
Levy. Aaron .
469
Lindau, August.
470
Livingston, James W.
471
Luke, John
472
McGuffin, George
473
McKimmy, Jacob L
McMannis, William R.
482
Mann, Haulcey
475
Marsh, Luther G.
476
Marzolf, Michael.
445
Matzinger, Jacob J 446
Meeker, George O
443
Merrill, Frank C.
447
Mikesell, Thomas
418
Miles, Hector L.
452
Miley, David R
453
Miley, Thomas ..
455
Miley, William C.
456
Miller, Christopher K
457
Miller, Daniel T
459
Miller, James W
459
Miller, Jay H.
400
Miller, John D
482
Miller, Joseph P. 462
Miller, Robert D
464
Mills, Corwin F
488
Moffitt, John .
465
Montgomery, Alexander Y 465
Moody, Alexander C. .477
Moseley, Hiram L
479
Moyer, F. W
480
Murbach, Casper.
480
Murbach, Jacob R
483
Myers, George W
484
Myers, Lewis J.
485
Nevitt, William
485
Nobbs, James H ..
486
Noble, Augustus .
489
PAGE
Kahle, Miles A.
408
Kanauer, Adam .410
Kelsey, David 411
Kesler, Elias
.412
Kindall, Isaac R
412
King, Elias O
413
Kline, Albert J 414
Kline, Winfield S. 416
Knapp, Frank M 416
Krauss, Jacob.
417
Kuebler, Elmer E
418
Kump, Reuben J
444
Kuney, Aaron.
438
Geyser, William
374
Gigax, Rudolph .385
Gingery, Charles L 655
Givin, Wilbur M
375
Godden, John W .376
Goodwin, Thomas E .879
Gorsuch, Ephraim
394
Gorsuch. Nathan N 877
Gotshall, Solomon
381
Grandy, Fred .
.382
Grandy, Henry R
385
Grandy, John A.
.387
Graves, Marshal T .383
Gray, George
.384
Green, Sylvester 389
Griesinger, George W. .390
Guilford, Conley E ... 892
Gunsaullus, George Z
393
Gype, John
419
Hall, Alfred M 421
Hall, David S 420
Hall, James
424
Hanna, Julius A. 425
Harrison, Alfred D. 427
Harroun, Ezra S ..
426
Hartman, George W 428
Hassan, Alfred F 429
Hatton, Charles W. 431
Hawley, Garrett E.
432
Hayes, George B.
432
Haynes, Edgar E ..
.433
Heffron. Charles H. N 434
Heise, George B .395
Helfrich, Frederick .397
Hill, William. 398
Hinkle, Stephen E 656
Holland, John P
399
Holmes, Elmer W. 400
Holt, Charles C .
401
Hoyt, Montral B
402
Hull, John M
403
Johnson, Amos
658
Johnson, Arby 404
Johnson, George D 406
Johnson, John H 407
Jones, S. M 408
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BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
PAGE
Odell, John
490
Odell, Samuel. 492
Ogle, William S. 493
Oval Wood Dish Company, The, 494
Palmer, John C
495
Palmer, M. C.
657
Patterson, Harrison
.498
Paxson, Josiah C
.499
Percival, William
498
Petersen, William B.
.500
Pfafman, Calvin V
651
Pike, Henry W
.501
Pilliod, Louis N
.504
Plettner, Johannes E
.502
Smith, Albert H.
566
Plummer, Leamon S
.503
Pommert, Samuel J
.504
Pratt, William W
.505
Prickett, Daniel J
660
Putman, Israel R
.507
Raker, John F.
508
Ramsey, William
. 510
Ramsey, William E
.512
Regenold, Charles A
.514
Reigbard, Frank H. .515
Rex, Alfred
.516
Rice, Henry ..
.517
Richards, Henry O.
.518
Richardson, Bernum R
520
Richardson, Elias .
521
Richardson, James S .522
Richardson, Sidney J
.523
Ritchey, Edgar H .
523
Rittenhouse, Henry H
.525
Robinson, Cassius M
525
Robinson, Herbert D .526
Robinson, Marvin E. .531
Roos, G. Scott
.543
Roos, John P.
547
Rorick, Estell H
653
Rorick, John C ..
. 652
Roseborough. John W .575
Ruckman, John
527
Ruppert, Edward W
528
Russell, Amos 1.
529
Russell, George K.
.532
Rychener, Daniel
533
Rychener. J. S
654
Saeger, Daniel H
5:34
Sargent, Oscar M
535
Schafer, John C
650
Schaffner. Jacob H
.537
Schuch, William
.539
Scott, Richard H
540
Seely, Fred K. A.
541
Segrist, John B
542
Wells, Enos.
.619
Segrist. William
542
Wells, John G.
.598
Seward, Charles L
544
Seymour, Gideon
545
Seymour, Jonas H
546
Shaffer, Alfred F.
550
PAGE
Shaffer, Aurelius R
.551
Shaffer, David . 548
Shaffer. George W
.552
Shaw, Everett T .
553
Sheffer, Anthony W
.554
Sheffield, Frederick B
555
Sherwood, James H
558
Shumer, Henry
.556
Siebold, Theodore F.
561
Sindel, Edward C
559
Sindel, Estill L
560
Slater, Frederick A. 562
Smedes, Ira.
564
Smith, Abram H
563
Smith, George W
567
Smith, Gilbert.
.568
Smith, Hiram B
.569
Smith, Walter.
.570
Snellbaker, Jonathan
.571
Snyder, Henry B.
.573
Spaulding, John A.
.573
Spencer, Frank
.577
Spring, Sylvester I
.578
Stair, John .
580
Stair, Josiab
.580
Standish, Rial C
583
Standisb, William H
.584
Stiriz, Jacob G
586
Strong, Charles E
587
Strong, Elijah M
589
Stutesman, Charles H.
590
Swigerd, John.
.591
Tappan, George G
.593
Tappan, Herman M.
594
Taylor, Jesse S.
.595
Taylor, Lucius H
596
Thompson, Addison B.
598
Thompson, Eli
601
Thompson, Ira J
602
Thomson, Alexander
603
Tompkins, Lyman A
604
Vaughan, Edward
605
Vaughan, James C
.606
Venier, Frank
647
Waddell, James H
.608
Walter, Sylvanus
609
Walters. Orlando O
.610
Waltz, Chester R. P.
.612
Watkins, George W
.612
Weber, Michael F.
.614
Weeks. Virgil W
615
Weir. John A.
616
Welch, Elizer B
617
Wheeler, Frank A
650
Whetstone, William W
618
Whiteborne, George R
820
Whitehorne, Julius C.
.621
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BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
PAGE
PAGE
Whitehorne, Myron
Wolcott. Fayette S
635
Wicks, Jonas.
582
Wood, Frank W 637
Wiley, Isaac .
.624
Wright, Charles. 638
Williams, Edward E
. 626
Williams, Jobn
627
Yarnell, Frank 637
Willson, Anson.
628
Yost, Charles E . 639
Willson, Emira 631
Young, Jobn S 640
Winslow, Valentine 6:29
Wise, Jonathan R
632
7.eller, Henry G 612
Witt, Mrs. Clarissa A
633
Zerman, Frank W
.643
Wisman, Oscar J
630
Zimmerman, Simon . 643
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THOMAS MIKESELL.
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HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, OHIO
CHAPTER I
FULTON COUNTY ANTIQUITIES
B EFORE the white man, the Indian; before the Indian-who? The archaeology of any county forms one of its most inter- esting chapters. Who the ancient dwellers were, what they did, what lives they led, are all questions of conjecture now. Their history appears only in their silent monuments, as silent as the race, the fact of whose existence they perpetuate. The relics they left are the only key that we possess of their lives, and these give a history whose antiquity seems almost Adamic. The principal remains left consist of earthworks, mounds and parapets, filled with the rude implements of the people who built them, and with the bones of these lost portions of humanity. From their proclivities to build these earthworks, these people are known as " Mound Builders," the only name that now fits their pecu- liar style of life. The mounds erected by them are of all sizes and shapes, and range in height from three or four feet to sixty or seventy feet. In outline, they are of equal magnitude, though none of great height were ever known to exist within the confines of Fulton county. What have been discovered are generally small in size and irregular in outline. They have in nearly all instances been much reduced in height, as the hand of modern man demands them for practical purposes.
The more pretentious earthworks are very generally distributed from western New York, along the southern shore of Lake Erie, through Michigan, to Nebraska. thence north from this line to the southern shore of Lake Superior. From this line they extend south to the Gulf of Mexico. Mounds occur in great numbers in Ohio, Indiana. Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida. They are found in less numbers in western New York, the Carolinas, Penn- sylvania, Virginia, Michigan, Iowa and portions of Mexico. In choos-
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HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY
ing this vast region, extending from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains, and from the great lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, the Mound Builders took possession of the great system of plains, con- trolling the long inland water courses of the continent. Along the broad levels drained by this vast river system, the remains of pre- historic man are found. It is authoritatively stated that there are not less than thirteen thousand mounds and inclosures in the State of Ohio. Archaeologists have no difficulty in locating the places which were most densely populated, by reason of the irregular distribution of the works. It is interesting to note that in the selection of sites for these earthworks the Mound Builders were influenced by the same motives apparently, which governed their European successors. It is a well established fact that nearly every town of importance in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi and their tributaries is located on the ruins left by this ancient people. The sites selected by the Mound Builders for their most pretentious works were on the river terraces, or bottoms, no doubt because of the natural highways thus rendered available, besides the opportunities for fishing and the cultivation of the warm, quick soil, easily tilled.
The earth mounds are classified as sepulchral, sacrificial, temple or truncated, mounds of observation, symbolical or animal-also known as emblematic-and mounds of defense. The first named, sepulchral, are the most common of any. Emblematical or symbolical mounds are not known to have existed in this county. If they ever did exist here, all traces of them have been obliterated by that leveler of sav- age country, the plow. Sepulchral mounds were devoted to the pur- pose of burial and were generally pyramidal in form and usually contained layers of clay, ashes, charcoal. various soils and one or more skeletons, often very many. Sacrificial mounds are usually stratified, the strata being convex layers of clay and loam, the layers alternating above a layer of fine sand. They also contain ashes, igneous stones, charcoal, calcined animal bones, beads, implements of stone, pottery and rude sculpture. They also have altars of burned clay or stone, resting in the center of the mound upon the original earth, on which the people offered sacrifice, employing fire for the purpose. Mounds of observation-sometimes termed defensive- are found upon prominent elevations. They were, doubtless, alarm posts, watch-towers, signal stations, or outlooks. They commonly occur in chains or regular systems and still bear traces of the beacon fires that once burned upon them. In addition to the division of mounds already made, some add monumental or memorial mounds, not numerous, supposed to have been erected as memorials to the distinguished dead among the Mound Builders.
Scarcely any of the few small mounds in Fulton county have been properly opened. The examinations have rarely been systematic, and hence much has been lost. Commonly the plow has been run over the mounds, regardless of the history a careful search would reveal, until almost all traces of their existence have been obliterated. This ruthless leveling of the mounds has not been perpetrated, however,
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FULTON COUNTY ANTIQUITIES
merely to gratify the iconoclastic propensities of the plowmen, but their cupidity moved them. They wanted the corn the mounds would produce. Running the plow-share through the mounds was not a very successful method of obtaining a knowledge of their contents.
Of the works examined in this county, those most worthy of men- tion are situated on the farm of the late Hon. D. W. H. Howard, in section nine, Pike township. These mounds were explored during the summer of 1892, through the efforts and under the direction of Hon. W. H. Handy, to whose excellent article upon the same we are in- debted for the information here given concerning them. And much credit is also due to Mr. Howard, upon whose farm and in whose orchard most of them are situated. During all of his life he jealously guarded these mounds against vandalism, permitting no one to in any manner interfere with them, further than to cultivate the ground. The mounds are located on the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section nine, in Pike township, and are built on a high ridge, containing five or six acres of land, and follow the highest outer elevation of the bluff with three exceptions.
These mounds are in a group, twelve in number, of which eleven are located and clearly identified and the site of the twelfth is plainly indicated. One of them is built on the northern edge of the bluff, and a distinct, well-defined terrace appears on the north side of the mound. Another one is located in the public road, near by, and has been almost entirely obliterated. The others, while their outlines are somewhat indistinct, can be easily seen. The soil is a top-dressing of light sand, mixed, however, at a depth of six or seven inches with gravel. Long years after these mounds were built they were exposed to the winds and rain, and consequently they have lost much more by erosion than they have gained by decaying vegetation or otherwise. Beside, they were cultivated more or less for many years. The first excavation was made of a mound about thirty-five feet in diameter, and about ten feet from the center small pieces of charcoal were found. The soil was composed of six inches of mould, eighteen inches of white sand, with yellow sand mixed with some gravel at the surface. At about the center, two altars were uncovered, one a circle and the other a parallelogram, the circle lying directly south of the other, and being four feet in diameter, while the parallel- ogram was about four by six feet. On the circular altar were found some remnants of human bones that had been partially burned, among them being a jaw bone containing four teeth. On the other were found the bon'es of many different animals, these also being par- tially burned. Very near the original surface. but with the baked earth covering him. immediately under the circular altar was found the skull and a portion of the skeleton of a man, lying on his face with head to the west. The part of the skull above the nasal bones was well preserved, and compared with the skull of an Indian, found intrusively buried in a neighboring mound, was a distinctly different type of man.
It was noticeable that the burned sand of the altars was as dry
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HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY
as the dust that blows in the street, while the original soil under the altars, and which had not been burned, was found to be moist. The ground of which the altars were composed had never been disturbed since the fires went out. This was demonstrated to a certainty, as no digging could ever have been done without disturbing the strata, and it had never been disturbed. The baked sand. the red burned ground, and the charcoal, were in as perfect layers as if placed there by the hands of a mason. The mound mentioned as being located in the public road is, as stated above, entirely obliterated, but in an early day Col. Howard found in its center a circle of stones about four feet in diameter, containing within the circle about a bushel of char- coal and ashes. The stones were what are known as "nigger-heads."
Nearly all of these mounds were opened and examined by Judge Handy, and the report of two of them we will give in the Judge's own language. Of the one he calls Mound No. 7 he writes: "Sandy soil, light yellow sand: about eighteen inches from surface found longest thigh bones yet discovered. No traces of fire-no disturbance of soil heretofore-bones crumbled on exposure-highest of the mounds-found near center skeleton with his head to the north, lying on his back and limbs extended-near him found skeleton No. 2. with his head to the east and lying on his face. Both being large men -bones crumbled and could not be preserved-teeth perfect. We entered Mound No. 6 from the south. Soon after we commenced work here we discovered that the soil of this part of the mound had been disturbed. After digging about ten feet to the north and about fourteen inches below the surface, we found an iron tomahawk. English made. Close by we found the skull and part of the skele- ton of an Indian lying on his side with his feet to the south. His arm was extended to the tomahawk. Going west of this. we soon came to ground that had never been disturbed. Here we found an altar, eight feet and seven inches in diameter. and round. We cut the dirt away from this and cleared the mould from the top, and save a portion that had been cut off by the digger early in the morning. we had the altar as it stood when the last fires went out many cen- turies ago. This altar had upon it. partially burned. animal and human bones. We found many pieces of human skulls, both of grown people and children : parts of the bones of the arm and the lower limbs ; the hip bone, ball and socket of a child : most of them charred ; some of them having a bluish tint : the charred bones of many animals all in the red burned sand on the altar. The altar was nearly level on the top. It was built up. commencing at the bottom, as follows : Yellow sand about eighteen inches, but fire had burned the life out of this; soil burned red, three inches: charcoal. two and one-half or three inches ; red burned soil, four inches ; sand and mould, six inches.
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