USA > Ohio > Clark County > Springfield > 20th century history of Springfield, and Clark County, Ohio, and representative citizens > Part 2
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808
McConkey, Archibald
McConkey. Daniel
311
McCormick. T. J.
747
Mcfiaffey, John
527
JeGary Jacob R.
531
McGregor. Howard
Melntyre. Dr. A. H.
544
McKee. Elza E.
534
MeKenny. James L.
806
Mckenzie, Francis E.
647
Mckinley. Walter
057
Mckinney, Cyrus
Mckinney, Samuel
Mckinnon. Daniel
McLoughlin, Dr. A. C.
541
Mclean, Hon. John
515
MeNemar, R. R.
5925
Mahar. William Y
535
Malone, James B.
Martin, Abraham
...
Ilgaz60 by Google
Hinkle. Saul S ..
Hlirons. John B., M. D. .. 1016
ITiser. Charles LL.
617
Hiser. Daniel B.
617
Hockman. Milton H.
Hodge. Andrew
721
Hodge. Asa W
721
Hodge. J. Milton 721
Hoffman, Martin C. 767
Holt. Hon. George W 5.16
Hopkins. E. B. 893
Horner, W. R. ₹30
Horner. William R.
Houck, Edwin S
534
Houston, Leon LL.
.10.16
Houston. Robert
538
Houston. Thomas F .1016
Houston, William L.
1016
Howett. Daniel
Howett. Joseph R.
IImmbarger. John W
Humbarger. W'm. 915
Hunt, James M.
Hunt, Ralph 571
Ilunt, Dr. Richard 537
Hunt. Maj. William
HIunter. Lemnel
Hunter, William
Hyslop. William W
PAOK
Hatfield, James Hon
578
Hatfield. Nathaniel
578
Hauk, Columbus B.
Hauk. James N.
Haya, Edward A
Hays, Samuel
Heistand, Abraham C. 803
Heistand, Christian L. 881
Hleistand, Dr. C. M.
Helfrich, John E.
597
Helfrich, Michael
5.07
Helman, Cyrus 8 ..
5.37
Hendershott, Dr. Isaac
Hess, John
742
Hess. Thomas M. 742
Hicks, J. William 700
Higgins, Patrick J 534
IIIII. William D.
Hinkle, John
Hinkle, Michael
864
Kelly, John
504
Homan. James
130
Link, A. C ..
5.3.1
Linn, James A
791
Linn, William R
191
Laybourn. Lewla J.
702
Layton. Joseph
510
Layton, John A.
847
12
INDEX
!!
PAGR
Martin, Christian
588
Martin. David
DAS
Neer, William H.
821
Martin. Emanuel J.
5.88
Martin. Oscar T ..
Martin, P. B ..
5330
Neff. Jacob I).
Martin, Paul C.
Martin, William A. 1.4.1
Martz. B. F.
5.9.0
Mason. Gen. Samson
525
Mast, Hon. Phineas P.
886
Mattinson, Thomas
859
Maughan, Patrick L.
0.50
Maughan, Patrick
6.5.8
Maxson, Jesse I.
908
Mellinger. Benjamin F
Mellinger, Harry S.
830
Mellinger, John E.
Mellinger. John II. 830
Merritt, Charles II.
880
Merritt. Edward
880
Michael. Adam
750
Michael, Alexander
1018
Michael, Simon
75.6
Michael. Walter S
1018
Mickle. Charles E
.1010
Miller. Charles D.
957
Miller, Charles R.
956
Miller, Dayton
Miller. Emanuel
.. 1008
Miller, Dr. E. Calvin
Miller, J. J. 530, 535
Miller, John M.
Miller, Joseph
755
Miller. Moses
956
Miller, Oliver IL.
Miller, Oliver J.
702
Miller, Samuel
702
Miller, Seba H. 535
Miller. William
Minulch, Cassius W 783
Minnich, John
Minuich, Peter 811
Minnich, Thomas B 8:44 Milligan. Hou. Melvin L ..... 1029 Mills. John 830
Mitchell, James B
Mitchell. Ross
Mitzel, Jacob 869
Morris. Charles F.
524
Mosher, F. E.
Mower, Jacob Krieder
522
Muff. Stewart A.
.1055
Mumford. Tunis F.
.1023
Mumford, William H
1023
Murdock. Dr. William
538
Nave, Enoch K.
071
Phillips. Lewis
PAOK Piles, James PAGE
Plummer. John L.
Prince, Benjamin F
Pringle, Thomas J.
531
Procter, Joseph R.
Proctor, William
917
Prosser. George
95.0
Prosser, John S.
950
Rabbitts, Charles
Rabbitts. James IL.
Rabbitts. William 8
Rader, Michael
Rader. Philip
895
Rankin, James F
589
Rankin. John
5.80
Rankin. Stacy' B
3.80
Rawlins, George C.
532
Ray. John
Ray. Lewis
1025
Redmond, Harry G.
823
Redmond, Judson
823
Reynolds. Henry
FSB
Reynolds, William W. 935
Rice, Claude F 8.92
Rice, William
691
Paden, James
625
Richards, Edward
782
Paden, W. Q.
825
Paine, Thomas A 084
Parmenter. J. W. 939
Parrish, Orrin
516
Parsons, Israel
25.5
Parsons, John W.
Partington, Charles
Partington, James
41012
Roberts, James H.
Patrie, Charles E
697
Roberts, Reuben M.
Patric, Richard F
Patterson. Charles LI.
Patterson, Malcolm H.
Patton, Dr. William B. Sail
Penmon, Joseph
930
Pearson. William
Pease, Calvin
515
Pierce, Darwin
920
Pierre. Edwin
020
Pemberton. Philip E
Penqnite, James
5.07
Penquite. Samuel LI
Penquite. William
Perrin. John M
784
Rolfes. Frank LL.
Petre, Charles H
Petre, Lewis .
Phleger, Edward
854
Phleger, Edward C.
848
Ruby, Harry W
618
Phleger, John L.
Runyan. George
Runyan. Henry
800
Nave. Jacob. Sr.
071
Pierer. Charles H.
013
Runyan. J. Milton
Nave, Jacob,
671
Neer, Nathan
821
Needham, Dr. Willlam A.
537
Neff, Jacob. Sr.
702
Newberry, W. S.
5.30
Nickelson. Andrew
937
Nickelson. Charles
Nisley, Charles L.
Norton. Percy
.590, 535
Oglevee. J. F
Olinger, C. S. .
8.5.5
Olinger. George W
076
Olinger. Joseph C.
976
Olinger, William H.
978
Otstot, Daniel
78.0
Otstot. Jolın
30031
Otstot. John F.
997
Otstot, William
1031
Otstot, William T.
Owen, Dr. Edward
Overholser. Moses
089
Reynolds. Dr. Jobn H.
580
Richardson, George C.
Ricks, John T.
9-15
Ridgely, Charles T
Ritchie. Charles N.
Ritchle. Edward H. 983
Robbins, Dr. James
538
Roberts, Thomas LI
Robinson, Walter E 595
Rockel, Adam
Rockel. Henry
732
Rockel, Peter
Rocke !. William M.
Rockhill, C. B.
530
Rodgers, A. D.
Rodgers, Dr. John HI
Rodgers. Richard H
Rodgers, Dr. Robert
511
Rodgers, Robert C ..
835
Rogers, William A .. J51Z
Rolfes, Frank IL., Sr
Roller. Charles E
Roller. Sylvanus
83R
Digined by Google
Richards, John A.
Overholser, William H
988
Oxtoby, Henry
Mason, Rodney
525
13
INDEX
PAGE
Runyan, Thomas W
531
Snyder. Fred
Rust. Daniel
1018
Snyder. Henry
.813,
Snyder. John Jacob
Thomas. A. II. ..
Thomas, Hon. John H.
5.10
Thomas. Thomas P.
800
Thomas, William 800
Scarff, John J.
897
Scarff. Willlam N
897
Schaefer. Henry L. 693
Schaefer, Leonard 693
Schaffner. John D.
Schaffner. Peter
Schaus, W. LL.
854
Schuster, C. A ..
018
Selfers. Reuben
Stafford, Robert F.
Todd, William B 758
Steinbarger, George S
1011
Torbert, Hon. James L. ..
.516, 523
914
Seitz. Andrew
.617, 827
Seltz, Henry 828
Seys. Dr. H. H 5-3
Sharon, Joshua D.
Sharp. John 928
Shellabarger, David E.
Shellabarger. Ephraim 927
Shellabarger. George 933
Shellabarger, Isaac 959
Shellabarger, Samuel
Sherlo, Garrett 700
Shouvlin. P. J .. 870
Showers. Frank 530
Shroyer. David 808
Sleverling. William H.
Silvers, Eli F.
817
Skillings, Eben
748
Skillings, Lewis 007
Slaughter, George H. 840
Smith. Adolphus H 291
Smith, Amos
Smith. Arthur Z.
Smith, Charles C. 037
Smith. Christian M. 887
Smith. David J. 645
Smith, Ell 503
Smith, Howard 8 740
Smith, J. Quincy 845
Smith, Lewis H.
701
Smith, Oscar L.
701
Sun, Gus
Nmith, Peter
887
Smith, Roger V 535
Smith. Russell 878 Smith, Seth W
Smith, T. A. 878
Snaufer. Jacob 643
Snodgrass, Andrew 784 Snodgrass. Joseph F 783
Snyder. Christian
Snyder. D. L.
843
Taylor. John
Snyder, Eli
Taylor, Lewellen
797
Tehan. George W
PAGE
Thackery, Joseph H.
Thackery, William
Russell, Hugh 008
Russell, Hugh, Sr
Snyder. Samnel 057
Spyder. Steven D
Snyder, William L.
SES
Spence, George A
SST
Thomas, Ilon. William S.
Tindall. Robert A.
789
Tindall, Thomas 754
Tippie, George J
Titus, Harley
Titus, James
P
Stafford. Horace W
535
Todd, James
Stafford, Joseph LL
Todd, Samuel A.
Scott, W. A.
Seitz. Amos
817
Stevans, Dr. W. G ..
763
Toulmin, Harry A
Stewart, Chase
Stewart, Charles F 710
Stewart, David W SLS
Stewart, Earl
5.35
Trout. O. B.
595
Stewart Family 5.61
Stewart. Frank E.
Stewart, James G
535
Stewart, John T. .1009 Tuttle, Caleb
Stewart, Oscar N. 831
Stewart, Perry
SOS
Stewart, Perry H.
Tuttle. Rev. Harvey H. 707
Stewart. Samuel
Tuttle. Isaac
Tuttle, Jacob
Stickney. John
Tuttle. James O.
Tuttle, John
.712 22
Tuttle, Sylvanus
.630,
707
Tuttle. William E
931
Tuttle. William H.
877
Tuttle, W. F
Twichell, Clayton HI
Twichell, Smith S
l'lery, Rev. George
740. 594
T'lery. Isaac
T'Jery. Joseph
I'Jery, Mrs. Mary Ann
740
Underwood, J. B
Vale, William S.
1052
Yan Bird. ...
Van Bird. Silas
S11
Van Horn, Joseph
Verity. Henry
Verity, Luella
Verity. Sarah E
Vinal, Harvey
Voges. Ilerman
157. 749
Volmer, Jaroh
Wady. C. E ..
Waddie. Joseph M.
716
Trout. Philip
Troxell. William
Turner, Edwin B.
779
Tuttle. George
Tuttle. George W 717
Stipp. Abraham
Stipp, Martin L ..
Stockstill, Dr. J. N
Stoner. Adam
Stone, Dr. John C ..
Stotts, Roscoe G., M. D. $41
Stroup. Jesse
Studebaker, Peter
Studebaker, Samnel
Sullivan, John W Sultzbach, Howard 100%
Snitzbach. Joseph
941
Swaidper, John S.
Swan, Joseph R ..
Swartzbaugh. Theodore
Tarbutton, Jesse
Tatman. Joseph
Tateman, Stewart I.
Taylor. Birch R.
Taylor. Daniel R
449
Snyder. Felty
Spence, George
Spence, Mark
Stackhouse. W. LI. OSS
Stafford, Finley
Stafford. George
Troupe, Toppy
Trout. John F
Trout. . Joseph D.
Stewart, William C.
Stickney. Henry
Stickney, William T
PAGE
Digiized by Google
14
INDEX
PAGE
Waddle. William
503
Willis, W. H ..
Yakey, 530
Walhay. William 850
Wilson, LL Blair
Yeazeli. Abraham
Walhay. Wilson 850
Wilson. John H. 618
Wilson, Hugh . 823
Yeazell, Jacob
Wallace. Edward 8 531
Wilson. Michael B. 714
Yeasel. Jobn A.
Wallace. Ira W. 718
Wallace, Thomas D.
Wilson. William S.
Yeazell. William M.
Weaver, Joseph
Winger Hon. Amaziah
611
Winger, Jacob
612
Welgel, Benjamin F 887
Welty. J. Jerome 135
Wise. Charles F
West, David E.
Wise, John U.
708
West, Louis
Wine. Lewis 708
Wheeler, Ebenezer 665
Witmeyer, W. W
Wheeler, Elliott D. 605
Wood. Albert
Wood. Isaiah
725
White, Charles R 518
Wond James J.
1051
White, Fletcher 530
Wolf, Amos
White, William 517,
Wickham, Henry
Wildman, Alvin E
900
Wildman, Edward
803
Zimmerman, George
Wildman. John
Zimmerman, John L.
Zimmerman, Samuel
Zinn, Gold W.
316
Willis. F. W
530
Xanders, William
Zinn, Peter S.
-
-
Digiized by Google
Zeller. John M ..
Zerkle, Samuel S. JOBS
Ziegler, George L ...
Zimmerman. Albert L. 535
Wray. William
505
Wren Co .. The Edward 1040
Wren, James K.
Wildman, William
9.03
Wilkinson, John A.
709
PAOK
PAGE
Weaver. Hon. Walter L 2.00
Young. Charles Adam 841
Young, Charies Addison
Young, Dr. LL U
Young Jacob
Young, John 811
Young.
.emue
745
Young. I.utber EL
535
Wheeler. John
005
Wraight. Henry G 530
Wray, Filmund
505
Xanders. Enos W
Yeazell, George 577
Walker, Willis S 53.0
Wilson, Michael 714
Yeazell. Joseph Milton
Yeazell, William
5.12 Winwood. Dr. Benjamin 945
Illustrations
PAGE
American Seeding Co.
162
Amphitheatre-Fair Grounds
Ansted & Burk Company's Plant. 171
Arcade Building. Springfield 403
Black Opera House
192
Bookwalter Block, Springfield
405
Bretney Tannery. Springfield
102
Bridge Across Mad River 08
Buckingham Block, Springfield 408
Bushnell Block. Springfield
520
Bushnell School, Springfield
Center Street M. E. Church, Springfield 488
Central Engine House. Springfield
Chillicothe Street, So. Charleston 22%
Champion Chemical Company's Plant 184
Champion Works, International Harvester Co. 212 City Building. Springfield 150 City Hospital, Springfield 434 Clark. Gen. George Rogers
Clark County Children's Home 434
Clark County Court House 150 Clark County Infirmary
Clark Memorial Home for Aged Women 200 Clark County Historical Society Building 119 Country Club, Springfield County Officers' Building 15.0 Crowell Publishing Co's Building, Springfield 408
East Side Main Street, New Carlisle 340 Elmwood School. Springfield
Factory Street Engine Honse, Springfield 118 Fairbanks Buildings and Lagonda Bank, Springfield 520
Friends' Meeting House. Selma
First Congregational Church, Springfield 5.02 First Baptist Church. Springfield 489
First Lutheran Church, Springfield
First Presbyterian Church. Springfield
148
Old Saw Mill
270
Fons Manufacturing Company's Plant
Foos Gas Engine Co., Springfield 174
Gen. Whiteman's Old Stone House, Clifton 214 Gotwald Bullding. Springfield
Harmer. Gen. Josinh
68
Harrison. Gen. William LI.
PACK
High School Building, Springfield
520
High Street M. E. Church, Springfield
118
High School, So. Charleston
House Built by John Paul
241
High School, Plattsburg 350
Hotel, Catawba
340
Jesse Boyd Hotel
Jefferson School, Springfield
Johnson Bullding ( Wren's Store) Springfield
520
Judge Halsey Property, Springfield
88
Kelly Piant, Springfield
King Bullding. Springfield 408
Knights of Pythias Home
Lagonda Club, Springfield
45.4
Masonic Building. New Carlisle
340
Masonic Home. Springfield
431
Mast, Foos & Co., Plant, Springfield
102
Metallic Casket Co. .
M. E. Church, Catawba
M. P. Church, Catawba 340
New Sun Theatre, Springfield
10º
New Zimmerman Building, Springfield
520
Odd Fellows' Home, Springfield
Oesterlen Orphans' Home
118
Oll Mill on Buck Creek 270
O. K. House
270
Old Brick House, W. Main St., Springfield 102
Old Cartmell Residence. Pleasant Township Old City Hall. Springfield 39
214
Old Court House
Old Episcopal Church
118
Old Mill at New Carlisle
244
Old Pennsylvania House. Springfield 270
Old Schoolhouse-Hopewell School
Peoples' Home, Plattsburg
3.5.0
Post Office. Springfield
P. P. Mast & Co's Office, Springfield
408
P. P. Mast Plant. Springfield
10%
Presbyterian Church. So. Charleston
3:28
Present Station House, Springfield
Digazed by Google
16
INDEX
RESIDENCES.
PAGE
Battin, Samuel R., Madison Township 118
Bushnell, Mrs. A. S., Springfield 540
Crowell, J. S., Springfield
540
Evans, Milton L., German Township. 981
Foos, William, Springfield
78
Geron, Peter, Moorefield Township 759
Haddix, Frank, Mad River Township 952
Hodge, Asa W., Moorefield Township 720
Mast, P. P., Springfield 78
Mitchell, Ross, Springfield 78
Parmenter, J. W .. Springfield 78
Roller, Charles E., Bethel Township 837
Thresher, John, Lagonda, Springfield 24-4
St. Bernard's Church, Springfield 502
St. Charles' (Catholle) Church, So. Charleston
502
St. Clair, Gen. Arthur
66
St. John's Lutheran Church, Springfield
502
St. Raphael's (Catholic) Church, Springfield
488
St. Raphael's School, Springfield
118
School Building. New Carlisle 340 Selma Special School, Selma 466
Soldiers' Monument, Springfield 150
Sinking Creek Church, Springfield Township 244 Snyder Mill, Springfield Township 270
Springfield Malleable Iron Co.
162
PAGE
Springfield in 1832
98
Stand Pipe, Springfield 38
Town Hall, Catawba 340
Town Hall, Clifton 98
Thomas Manufacturing Co., Springfield
350
Travelers' Rest, Springfield Township 270
United Presbyterian Church, Springfield 488
View in Ferncliff Cemetery, Springfield. 296
View in Snyder Park
View on Little Miami, near Clifton 206
Warder Public Library, Springfield 434
Water Works Pump House, Springfield 528
Wayne, Gen. Anthony
66
Western School. Springfield 38
Wickham Piano Plate Co., Springfield 350
WITTENBERG COLLEGE, FOUR VIEWS OF.
384
Dormitory
Hamma Divinity Hall
Main College Building Zimmerman Library
Y. M. C. A. Building, Springfield 502
Y. W. C. A. Building, Springfield
434
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bigtroco by Google
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Dig zed by Google
history of Clark County.
CHAPTER I.
PREHISTORIC MATTER.
A Tale of the Airly Days-Geological Formation-Limestone Formation-Coal, Oil, and Gas-Glacial Drift-Singular Growth of Timber-Prehistoric Man -Prehistoric Animals-Mounds and Mound-Builders-The Bechtle Mound.
A TALE OF THE AIRLY DAYS.
Oh! tell me a tale of the airly days- Of the times as they ust to be;
"Piller of Fi-er" and "Shakespear's Plays" Is a'most too deep for me!
I want plane facts, and I want plane words,
Of the good old-fashioned ways,
When speech run free as the songs of birds 'Way back in the airly days.
Tell me a tale of the timber-lands -- Of the old-time pioneers; Somepin a pore man understands With his feelin's 's well as ears. Tell of the old log house,-about The loft, and the puncheon flore-
The old fi-er place, with the crane swung out,
And the latch-string through the door.
Tell of the things just as they was -- They don't need no excuse!
Don't teach 'em up like the poets does, Tel theyr all too fine fer use !- Say they was 'leven in the fambily- Two beds, and the chist below,
And the trundle-beds that each helt three, And the clock and the old bureau.
Then blow the horn at the old back-door Tel the echoes all halloo,
And the children gethers home one't more, Jest as they ust to do: Blow fer Pap tel he hears and comes, With Tomps and Elias, too,
A-marchin' home, with the fife and drums And the old Red, White and Blue!
- 1
Dia zed by Google
20
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY
Blow and blow tel the sound draps low As the moan of the whipperwill,
And wake up Mother, and Ruth and Jo, All sleepin' at . Bethel Hill : Blow and call tel the faces all Shine out in the back-log's blaze,
And the shadders dance in the old hewed wall
As they did in the airly days. Riley.
GEOLOGICAL FORMATION.
In a work of this character only a cur- sory view of the geological formation of the county could properly be given.
According to the geological map of Ohio, the dividing course of the lower and upper silurian rock are within the bounds of this county, the entire bed rock of Ohio being Trenton limestone, which is the first in formation in the lower silu- rian period. This rock' takes its name from a picturesque and well-known local- ity in Trenton Township, Oneida County, New York. It has generally been re- corded in Ohio as being found at a depth of from one to two thousand feet.
The Utica Shales are the second in for- mation after the Trenton limestone and Professor Orton says, "In the wells of Springfield, Urbana, and Pigna it is found in undiminished thickness, but in some more calcareous in composition."
As to what may properly constitute the geological scale applicable to Ohio. the following is taken from a work of Prof. Orton :
"A brief review of the scale and struc- ture of the State will here be given, but before it is entered upon, a few funda- mental facts pertaining to the subject will he stated.
"1. So far as its exposed rock series is concerned, Ohio is built throughout its whole extent of stratified deposits or, in other words, of heds of clay, sand and limestone, in all their various gradations, that were deposited or that grew in water, There are in the Ohio series no igneous nor metamorphic rocks whatever; that is, no rocks that have assumed their present form and condition from a molten state or that, subsequent to their original for- mation, have been transformed by heat. The only qualification which this state- ment needs pertains to the beds of drift by which a large portion of the State Is covered. These drift beds contain boul- ders in large amount, derived from the igneous and metamorphic rocks that are found around the shores of Lake Supe- rior and Huron, but these boulders are recognized by all, even by the least ob- servant, as foreign to the Ohio scale. They are familiarly known as 'lost rocks' or 'erratics.'.
"If we should descend deep enough be- low the surface we should exhaust these stratified deposits and come to the granite foundations of the continent which con- stitute the surface rocks in parts of Can- ada, New England and the West, but the drill has never yet hewed its way down to these firm and massive beds within our boundaries.
"The rocks that constitute the present surface in Ohio were all formed in water, and none of them have been modified and masked by the action of high tempera- tures. They remain in substantially the same condition as that in which they were formed.
"2. With the exception of the coal seams and a few beds associated with
Dos200 by Google
21
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.
them, and of the drift deposits, all the formations of Ohio grew in the sea. There are no lake or river deposits among them, but by countless and infallible signs they testify to a marine origin. The remnants of life which they contain, often in the greatest abundance, are decisive as to this point.
"3. The sea in which or around which they grew was the former extension of the Gulf of Mexico. When the rocks of Ohio were in process of formation, the warm waters and genial climate of the Gulf extended without interruption to the borders of the great lakes. All of these rocks had their origin under such con- ditions.
"4. The rocks of Ohio constitute an orderly series. They occur in widespread sheets, the lowermost of which are co- extensive with the limits of the State. As we ascend in the scale the strata con- stantly occupy smaller areas, but the last series of deposits, viz., those of the Car- boniferous period, are still found to cover at least one-fourth of the entire area of the State. Some of these formations can be followed into and across adjacent States, in apparently unbroken continu- ity.
"The edges of the successive deposits in the Ohio series are exposed in innumer- able natural sections, so that their true order can generally be determined with certainty and ease.
"For the accumulation and growth of this great series of deposits vast periods of time were required. Many millions of years must be reckoned in any rational explanation of their origin and history. All of the stages of this history have practically unlimited amounts of past
time upon which to draw. They have all gone forward on so large a scale, so far as time is concerned, that the few thou -. sand years of human history would not make an appreciable factor in any of them. In other words, five thousand years or ten thousand years make too small a period to be counted in the formation of coal, for example, or in the accumulation of petroleum, or in the shaping of the surface of the state through the agencies or erosion."
LIMESTONE FORMATION.
The limestone cropping out around the · City of Springfield and west along Mad River, and in some other places of the county is what is known as Niagara shale, and constitutes some of the finest build- ing stone and lime to be found anywhere, and in the geological survey of Ohio it is spoken of as follows:
"We come next to what has been de- nominated the Springfield Stone, viz .: the building-stone courses which form so con- stant an element in the Niagara rocks of Ohio at this horizon. It is separated from the West Union limestone by a distinct boundary. As this portion of the series is so well developed and exhibited in the Springfield quarries, it seems appropriate to designate it as the Springfield lime- stone, and this name has accordingly been attached to this division in all portions of Southwestern Ohio in which it is shown. It is a prominent member of the Highland County series, as will be seen in the report of the geology of that county, subserving there the same purpose as a building stone that it does here.
"The Springfield limestone is a mag-
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY
nesian carbonate, containing generally atmospheric agencies. The drab courses about fifty per cent of carbonate of lime, are almost all durable building stones in all ordinary situations. Making up as they do the bulk of this division, they fur- nish an invaluable supply of building- stone to Springfield and the adjacent country." and forty per cent of carbonate of mag- nesia. Some of the remaining substances -- a small percentage of silica, and also of alumina-stand in the way of its be- ing burned into an approved lime. There is, however, no uniformity in its composi- tion. COAL, OIL AND GAS.
"The prevailing color of this rock in Clark County is a light drab, though sev- eral blue courses ocenr. To the south- ward, the rock is mainly blue. The desir- ability of the light-colored stone for fine work is sometimes lessened by faint red- dish streaks through its substance.
"The thickness of this division is never more than twenty feet, and seldom ex- ceeds fifteen feet in this portion of the state. At Holcomb's, it is thirteen feet. Like the other members of the series, it expands to the southward, reaching at Hillsboro its maximum in Ohio of forty- five feet.
"Beginning in the Springfield quarries at the bottom of the series, we find sev- eral heavy courses, from ten to eighteen inches thick, overlying the West Union cliff. These lowest courses are blue in color, and, despite their massive appear- ance, are generally treacherous as bild- ing-stones. Where exposed to the weather, they lose, in a few years, their dressed surfaces, their seams continually widen, and, in a word, they show them- selves to be undergoing a state of certain, thongh slow, disintegration.
"The blue courses generally, even when found above the lowest beds, show the same tendency, and should at least be carefully tested before being used in structures where they can be attacked by
The Carboniferous and Sub-carbonifer- ous formations in Ohio occupy the greater portion of the eastern and southeastern part of the state. Although numerous attempts have been made, no gas or oil has been found in this county in paying quantities.
In 1865 gas was discovered in Pike Township but not in paying quantities. After oil and gas had been discovered in the Lima district in 1884, the matter was again discussed and brought up in our county and Judge Mower and others became interested, and a well in the vicin- ity of the former one in Pike Township was again sunk, but only what is known as a "pocket" was discovered. This was in 1890.
In 1887, a well was sunk in the old Frey stone quarry immediately north of Buck Creek and east of Fountain avenne, and a "pocket" of gas was discovered, probably prodneing more gas than any other well that had been sunk in the coun- ty, for some time afterward it was allowed to burn and go to waste, when finally it was piped into Mr. Frey's house and was for some time used by him for domestic purposes.
In 1892, P. P. Mast sunk a well in the western part of Springfield, and in 1888, William N. Whitely also sunk one near what is now the Foos Gas Engine Works,
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