USA > Ohio > Fairfield County > A complete history of Fairfield County, Ohio > Part 10
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" In 1799, Levi Moore, Abraham Bright, Major Bright, Ishmael Due and Jesse Spurgeon, emigrated with their families from Allegheny County, Maryland, and settled near where Lancaster now stands. Part of the company came through by land from Pittsburg, with their horses, and part of their horses and goods descended the Ohio in boats to the mouth of the Hockhocking, and thence ascended the latter in canoes to the mouth of Rush Creek. The trace from Wheeling to the Hock- hocking at that time was, in almost its entire length, a wil- derness, and did not admit the passage of wagons. The land party of men, on reaching the valley, went down to the mouth of the Hockhocking and assisted the water party up. They
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
were ten days in ascending the river, having upset their canoes several times, and damaged their goods.
"Levi Moore settled with Jesse Spurgeon three miles below Lancaster. The Brights and Due also settled in the neighbor- hood. These pioneers are all dead except Mr. Moore. He resides near Winchester, in Fairfield County, blessed with all this world can give to make him happy. *
" James Converse, in 1799, brought from Marietta, by way of the Ohio and Hocking rivers, nearly a canoe load of merchan- dise, and opened a very large and general assortment of dry goods and groceries, in a cabin at Hunter's Settlement. He dis- played his specimen goods on the corners of the cabin, and upon the stumps and limbs of trees before his door, dispensing with the use of flags altogether. He of course was a modest man.
" The General Government directed the public domain to be surveyed. The lands were laid off in sections of one hun- dred and forty acres, and then subdivided into half and quar- ter sections. Elenathan Schofield, our late fellow-citizen, was engaged in the service.
" In 1800, 1801 and 1802, emigrants continued to arrive, and set lements were formed in the most distant parts of the county. Cabin-raisings, clearings and log-rollings, were in pro- gress in almost every direction. The settlers lent each other aid in their raisings and other heavy operations requiring many hands. By thus mutually assisting one another, they were all enabled in due season to provide themselves cabins to live in. The log-cabin was of paramount consideration. After the spot was selected, logs cut and hauled, and clap- boards made, the erection was but the work of a day. They were of rude construction, but not always uncomfortable."
Here the General introduced an extract from Kendall's Life of Jackson, descriptive of log-cabins, that pleases me so well, because so perfect a picture of those primative buildings throughout the entire pioneer age of the West and North-west, that I most gladly give it place. All who lived in the West fifty years ago will recognize every feature of the picture :
FROM KENDALL'S LIFE OF JACKSON.
"The log-cabin is the primitive abode of the agricultural pop- ulation throughout Western America. Almost the only tools
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
possessed by the first settlers were axes, hatchets, knives, and a few augurs. They had neither saw-mills nor carpenters, bricks nor masons, nails nor glass. Logs notched and laid across each other at the ends, making a pen in the form of a square or parallelogram, answered the purpose of timber and weather-boarding, and constituted the body of the structure. The gable-ends were constructed of the same materials, kept in place by large poles, extending lengthwise the entire length of the building. Up and down upon these poles, lanping over like shingles, were laid clap boards, split out of oak logs, and resembling staves, which were kept in their place by other poles laid upon them, and confined at the gable-ends. Roofs of this sort, well constructed, were a sufficient protection from ordinary storms. The crevices between the logs, if large, wer? filled with small stones, chips. or bits of wood, called chink- ing, and plastered over with mud inside and out ; if small, the plastering alone was sufficient. The earth was often the only floor; but in general, floors were made of puncheons, or slabs split from logs hewed smooth, and resting on poles. The lofts, or attics, sometimes had puncheon floors, and rough ladders were the stairways. Chimneys were built of logs rudely dove- tailed from the outside into those constituting one end of the structure, which were cut to make room for a fire-place, ter- minating at the top with split sticks, notched into each other, the whole thickly plastered with mud on the inside. Stones laid in mud formed the jambs and back walls of the fire-places. The doors, made of clap boards, or thin puncheons pinned to cross-pieces, were hung on wooden hinges, and had wooden latches. Generally they had no windows; the open door and broad chimney admitted the light by day, and a rousing fire or grease-lamp was the resource by night. In the whole build- ing there was neither metal nor glass. Sometimes a part of a log was cut out for a window, with a piece of sliding pun- cheon to close it. As soon as the mechanic and merchant ap- peard, sashes of two or four lights might be seen set into gaps cut through the logs. Contemporaneously old barrels began to constitute the tops of chimneys, and joice and plank sawed by hand took the place of puncheons.
"The furniture of the primitive log-cabin was but little su- perior to the structure. They contained little beyond pun- cheon benches, and stools or blocks of wood for tables and chairs ;
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
a small kettle or two answering the manifold purposes of buckets, boilers and ovens, and a scanty supply of plates, knives, forks and spoons, all of which had been packed on horse back through the wilderness. Bedsteads they had none; and their bedding was a blanket or two, with bear and deer- skins in abundance. "
General Sanderson resumed:
"The early settlers were a hardy and industrious people, and for frankness and hospitality have not been surpassed by any community. The men labored on their farms, and the women in their cabins. Their clothing was of a simple and comfortable kind. The women clothed their families with their own hands, spinning and weaving for all their inmates the necessary linen and woolen clothing. At that day no cabins were found without their spinning-wheels, and it is the proud boast of the women that they could use them. As an evidence of their industry and saving of time, it was not an unfrequent occurrence to see a good wife sitting spinning in her cabin upon an earthen floor, turning her wheel with one foot and rocking her babe in a sugar-trough with the other.
"The people of that day, when opportunity offered (and that was not often), attended to public worship; and it was nothing new nor strange to see a man at church with his rifle -his object was to kill a buck either going or coming."
FIRST FUNERAL.
" William Green, an emigrant, soon after his arrival sick- ened and died, in May 1798, and was buried in a hickory-bark coffin on the west bank of Fetters' Run, a few rods north of the old Zanesville road, east of Lancaster. This was the first death and burial of a settler on the Hockhocking. Col. Robert Wilson, of Hocking Township, was present and assisted at the funeral. The deceased had left his family near Wheeling, and came on to build a cabin and raise a crop. "
FOURTH OF JULY.
" In 1800, for the first time in the Hockhocking settlement, the settlers-men, women and children-assembled on the knoll in the prairie in front of the present toll-house [the toll- house has since been removed farther west .- ED.] on the pike
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
west of Lancaster, and celebrated the Anniversary of Ameri- can Independence. They appointed no President, or other officers of the day-no orations delivered or toasts drank. They manifested their joy by shouting, and "hurrah for America," firing off their rifles, shooting at targets, and dis- cussing a public dinner. It may not be improper to say, that their repast was served up in magnificent style. Although they had neither tables, benches, dishes, plates or forks, every substantial in the way of a feast was amply provided, such as baked pone, johnny-cake, roasted bear's meat, jerked turkey, etc. The assemblage dispersed at a timely hour in the after- noon, and returned to their cabins, full of patriotism and love of country. It was my fortune to be present on that in- teresting occasion."
Here General Sanderson spoke of several townships that were originally in Fairfield County at its first organization, and when it embraced considerable portions of present adjoining counties. These townships have not before been mentioned in this volume, and I here allude to them in the General's own language :
" Reading Township was named by Peter Buermyre, a pio- neer settler from Reading, Pennsylvania. He also laid out the town of New Reading, in that township. Somerset, the present seat of justice of Perry County, is situated in this township.
" Pike .- This township was named in honor of General Pike, who gallantly fell in defense of his country, at Toronto, Canada, in the war of 1812.
" Jackson-Named in honor of General Andrew Jackson.
"Saltcreek Township formerly belonged to Fairfield, but now forms part of Pickaway County. It was named Saltcreek from a stream watering its territory. Tarlton, a flourishing vil- lage, is in this township.
" Falls Township, now in Hocking County, was named from the great falls of the Hockhocking river.
" Perry Township, now in Hocking County, was so called in honor of Oliver H. Perry, the hero of Lake Erie in 1813. This township was originally a part of Hocking Township."
An Incident .- " At the June term of 1802 (Court of General Quarter Sessions)-Emanuel Carpenter, Sr., Nathaniel Wilson and Amasa Delano, Justices, on the Bench-the Court ordered
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNLY, OHIO.
the Sheriff to take Alexander White, Attorney-at-Law, into custody. and commit him to prison for one hour, for striking Robert F. Slaughter, also an Attorney-at-Law, in presence of their Honors, when in session. I note this circumstance to show that the Court, at that early period, did not suffer an in- dignity to pass unpunished.
CONVENTION ELECTION.
" The first popular election held in the county of Fairfield, was for two members of the Convention to form the Constitu- tion of the State of Ohio. It took ] lace on the 12th of Octo- ber, 1802, and the following was the result of the poll :
Emanuel Carpenter
228 votes
Henry Abrams. 181 66
Robert F. Slaughter.
168
66
Philemon Beecher.
144
William Trimble.
124
Samuel Carpenter
15
Samuel Kralzer.
4
66
Ebenezer Larimer.
1
66
Brice Sterrit. 1
Hugh Boyle .. 1
" The two first were elected.
" The members of the Convention assembled at Chillicothe on the first day of November, 1802, and organized by electing Dr. Edward Tiffin, President, and Thomas Scott, Secretary ; and after framing the first Constitution of the State of Ohio, adjourned on the 29th of the same month. The Constitution was not submitted to the people, but to Congress for approval ; and on the 1st day of March, 1803, the State of Ohio was ad- mitted into the Union as a Sovereign State."
General Sanderson made brief reference to the ancient mounds and fortifications found in Fairfield County, in com- mon with all parts of the West and North-west sections of the North American Continent. Nothing can be known concern- ing these relics of an extinct people, except the fact that they are. Mere mention of the principal monuments of this kind within the limits of the county will be all, as I think, that modern history requires.
The most important of these is that above the rock-mill, seven miles from Lancaster, on the Lithopolis road. Another embankment, inclosing some ten or twelve acres, near Bauher Church. There are others in Berne Township, near Ream's
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
Mill. But as verbal descriptions without diagrams would fall short of satisfaction, and as the mounds constitute no part of the history of the county, the notice of them closes here.
WAR OF 1812.
I am able here to transcribe, from Sanderson's pamphlet, the organizations of two companies commanded by him in the war with England, in 1812 and 1813.
His first company enlisted in Fairfield County in 1812, to serve one year. The following shows the organization :
Captain, George Sanderson ; Lieutenant, David McCabe ; Ensign, Isaac Larimar ; Sergeants, John Vanmeter, John Smith, James Larimar and Isaac Winter ; Corporals, James White, Daniel Hudson, Robert Cunningham and William Wallace; Privates, George Baker, William Brubeck, Daniel Baker, Robert Cunningham, John Dugan, John Davis, Wil- liam Edmonds, Reese Fitzpatrick, John Hiles, Christopher Hiles, Thomas Hardy, Philip Hines, Archibald Darnell, Wil- liam Jenkenson, William Jenkens, Samuel Johnson, Isaac Finkbone, John Kerley, Joseph Loffland, John Collins, Chas. Martin, John McIntire, Jacob Monteith, Jonas Monteith, Jacob Mellon, Daniel Miller, William McDonald, William McClung, Henry Martin, William Nelson, Joseph Oburn, Cor- nelius Post, William Ray, John Swiler, Daniel Smith, Jacob Sharp, Thomas Short, Samuel Work, Joseph Whetson, Henry Shoupe, John Huffman and Samuel Nolan-42.
This company, with all its officers, on the 16th day of Au- gust, 1812, was captured by the British in command of Gen- etal Brock, or rather surrendered by General Hull, and were paroled not to enter the service until regularly exchanged. The exchange did not take place until May, 1814. In the meanwhile, many of the privates and officers re-enlisted on account of the perfidy of General Hull in surrendering them when there seemed, according to the best judgment of the Americans, no occasion for it. Under this belief the men dis- regarded the parole. General Sanderson was one of the mem- bers who re-enlisted before the exchange, and in April, 1813, he mustered another company from the counties of Franklin, Delaware, Fairfield, and from portions of the Western Reserve. The following is its constitution :
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
Captain, Geo. Sanderson; 1st Lieutenant -; Quartermaster, Abner P. Risney; 2d Lieutenants, Arora Butler, Andrew Bushnell, John H. Mifford, Abraham Fisk; 3d Lieutenant, Ira Morse ; Ensign, William Hall. Sergeants: 1st, John Van- meter; 2d, Chaney Case; 3d, Robert Sanderson ; 4th, John Neibling ; 5th, Luther Edson. Corporals : 1st, John Dugan ; 2d, John Collings ; 3d, Peter Carey ; 4th, Smith Headly ; 5th, Daniel T. Bartholomew.
Musicians : John C. Sharp, drummer ; Adam Leeds, fifer.
Privates: William Anderson, Joseph Anderson, John At- kins, Joseph Alloways, Thomas Boyl, John Bartholomew, John Berryman, Henry Bixler, Abraham Bartholomew, Sam- uel Bartholomew, James Braden, Sheldon Beebee, James Brown, John Beaty, Eli Brady, Charles Burdinoo, John Bat- tiese, Daniel Baker, John Busley, Thos. Billings, Daniel Benjamin, Henry Case, Archibald Cassy, Joseph Clay, Holden R. Collins, Blades Cremens, Chester P. Cabe, Nathan Case, Chaney Clark, Almon Carlton, Stephen Cook, David Crosby, Jesse Davis, Asa Draper, Walter Dunham, George Daugherty, Enos Devore, Benjamin Daily, John Evans, Joseph Ellinger, Peter Fulk, John Forsythe, Daniel Filkall, John Faid, Ephraim Grimes, Wm. L. Gates, Elenathan Gregory, Joseph Gibson, Samuel Gause, John Hunt, James Hagerty, Josiah Hinkley, John Hall, Frederick Hartman, David Hughs, Per- lin Holcomb, John Harter, Jacob Headly, John Harberson, John Icas, Ambrose Joice, James Jones, John Johnson, James Jackson, John L. Johnson, John Kisler, James Kincaid, George Kyssinger, Jonathan Kittsmiller, Samuel Kinisman, Joseph Larimon, Frederick Leathers, Henry Lief, Amos Leonard, Merinas W. Leonard, William Lanther, John McClung, Peter Miller, Morris McGarvy, Joseph Mc- Clung, John McElwayne, Francis McCloud, Hosea Merrill, John McCarkey, Joshna Mullen, James Moore, Thomas Mapes, John McBride, Wm. M. Clair, Henry Mains, Andrew Miller, John McConnell, Alexander McCord, William Harper, Isacher Nickerson, George Osborn; Geo. Parks, Samuel Pratt, Powel Pain, Benjamin Burkhart, Luther Palmer, Arzell Pierce, John Ray, David Ridenour, William Reed, Geo. Raphy, Elijah Rogers, Asa Rose, Joseph Straller, Henry Shadley, Christian B. Smith, Perry Spry, John Sunderland, Christian Shypower, David Severs, John Severs, Henry Skolls, Ephraim Sum-
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
mers, Henry C. Strait, Jonathan Sordan, Jacob Shoup, Chas. Smith, Mynder Shears, Adam Senor, John Smith, T. Sharp, S. Sheanar, G. Shadwick, S. Taylor, J. Trovinger, F. Tesler, B. Thorp, F. Tucker, I. Thorp, J. Twadle, P. Vancleaf, I. Van- ney, A. Walker, A. White, I. Weaver, I. Wheeler, T. Wheatly, D. Walters, J. Wright, J. Welshaus, C. Wolffly, F. Williams, W. Wallace, A. Wilson, W. Watson, J. Young. H. Zimerman, D. Zeigler, D. Woodworth, S. Tyler, G. Tennis, L. Vanney, J. Wilson-157.
SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES OF FAIRFIELD.
Here follows a list of all the members of the General Assem- bly of Ohio, from 1808 to 1876, inclusive, who were citizens of Fairfield County. The date shows the year of their election :
Representatives.
1808-Patrick Owings and Elijah B. Merwin.
1809-Thomas Swearingen and Thomas Ijams.
1810-Thomas Swearingen and Thomas Ijams.
1811-Thomas Ijams and Richard Hooker.
1812-Richard Hooker, Nathaniel Wilson, Sr., and George Nye, Sr.
1813-Emanuel Carpenter, John Leist and Benj. Smith.
1814-Benj. Smith, Richard Hooker and John Leist.
1815-Benj. Smith, Richard Hooker and John Leist.
1816-John Leist, Jacob Claypool and Jacob Catherlin.
1817-Daniel Smith, Robert F. Slaughter and John Leist.
1818-Daniel Smith, John Leist and Jacob Claypool.
1819-Robert F. Slaughter and John Leist.
1820-Wm. Trimble and Valentine Reber. 1821-Robert F. Slaughter and George Sanderson.
1822-Geo. Sanderson and Jacob Clay pool.
1823-Geo. Sanderson and Robert F. Slaughter.
1824-John Leist and Robert F. Slaughter.
1825-Geo. Sanderson and Wm. W. Irvin.
1826-Wm. W. Irvin and Samuel Spangler.
1827-Wm. W. Irvin and Samuel Spangler. 1828-Samuel Spangler and John Chaney.
1829-John Chaney and David Ewing.
1830-David Ewing and John Chaney.
1831-David Ewing and Samuel Spangler.
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
1832-David Ewing and M. Z. Kreider.
1833-Jos. Stukey and John M. Creed.
1834-Joseph Stukey and J. M. Creed. 1835-Wm. Medill and John M. Creed. 1836-Wm. Medill and John Grabill.
1837-Wm. Medill and John Grabill.
1838-John Brough.
1839-Lewis Hite.
1840-Charles Brough.
1841-William McClung.
1842-John Chaney and Wm. McClung.
1843 -- Jacob Green and Jos. Sharp.
1844-David H. Swartz and Andrew Foust.
1845-Andrew Foust and David H. Swartz.
1846-Salmon Shaw and David Lyle.
1847-David Lyle and Salmon Shaw.
1848-Daniel Keller.
1849-Daniel Keller.
1850-Christian Baker.
Here the rule changes by the new Constitution, under which the Legislature is elected every two years, the first General Assembly under it being chosen in 1852, and there- after every other year. The following dates refer to the meet- ing of the Legislature, instead of, as previously, the year of choosing its members.
1852-Christian Baker.
1854-Samuel H. Porter.
1856-John Chaney and David Lyle.
1858-B. W. Carlisle and T. W. Bigony.
1860-B. W. Carlisle.
1862-J. C. Jefries.
1864-Edson B. Olds.
1866-U. C. Butler.
1868-U. C. Butler.
1870-Geo. S. Baker and Jesse Leohner.
1872-Jesse Leohner.
1874-George S. Baker.
1876-Adam Seifert.
It will be observed that in the early Legislatures of the State, there were two or more members of the House of Represent- atives from Fairfield each year, notwithstanding the popula-
111
HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
tion was comparatively sparse; but it is to be remembered, that at first the county was more than four times its present area. The first contraction of its borders was by the formation of Licking County, in 1808, which fixed our northern border on its present line ; then by the creation of Perry County, in 1817, fixing mainly our eastern boundary. Both Newark and Somerset were originally in Fairfield County. Considerable territory was also taken from the original Fairfield County, as established by proclamation of Governor St. Clair, on the 9th of December, 1800, by the formation of Pickaway and Hocking counties. In the Senate of Ohio, the names of actual residents of Fairfield County are here inserted, beginning also in 1808, and coming up to 1876. The county has much of the time been represented in the Senate by men from other counties forming the Senatorial District ; and as the districting has fre- quently been changed, Fairfield has only had her proportion
Senators.
1808-Elenathan Schofield.
1809-Jacob Burton and Elenathan Schofield.
1810-Wm. Trimble and Robert F. Slaughter.
1811-Robert F. Slaughter and Wm. Trimble.
1812-William Trimble.
1813-William Trimble.
1814-William Trimble.
1815-William Trimble.
1816-William Trimble.
1817-William Trimble.
1818-Richard Hooker.
1819-Richard Hooker.
1820-Elenathan Schofield.
1821-Elenathan Schofield.
1822-Elenathan Schofield.
1823-John Creed.
1824-Jacob Claypool.
1825-Jacob Clay pool.
1826-Robert F. Slaughter.
1827-Robert F. Slaughter.
1828-Robert F. Slaughter.
1829-Robert F. Slaughter.
1830-Robert F. Slaughter.
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
1831-Robert F. Slaughter.
1832-Samuel Spangler.
1833-Samuel Spangler.
1834-Samuel Spangler. 1835-Samuel Spangler. 1836-Samuel Spangler.
1837-Samuel Spangler.
1838-Samuel Spangler.
1839-Samuel Spangler. 1840-Samuel Spangler.
1841-Samuel Spangler.
1844-John Chaney.
. 1845-John Chaney.
1848-Henry C. Whitman.
1849-Henry C. Whitman.
1850-Andrew Foust.
1856-John T: Brazee.
1858-Newton Scleich.
1860-Newton Scleich.
1862-Alfred Mc Veigh.
1864-John M. Connel.
1870-Michael A. Daugherty.
1872-Michael A. Daugherty.
In 1842 and 1843, Nelson Franklin, of Pickaway, repre- sented the District of Fairfield and Pickaway in the Senate.
In 1846 and 1847, the Senator from Fairfield and Pickaway was Edson B. Olds, of Pickaway.
After the adoption of the new Constitution, in 1851, Fair- field was associated with Hocking and Athens, and Lot. L. Smith, of Athens, was chosen Senator in the two terms of 1852 and 1854.
In 1866 and 1868, Wm. R. Golden, of Athens, was Senator from the same district.
In the General Assembly of 1874 and 1876, Robert E. Reece, of Hocking, was Senator for the District of Fairfield, Hocking and Athens.
FAIRFIELD IN THE REBELLION OF 1861.
Sixteen years have been registered on Time's scroll since the patriotism of this great nation was aroused by the lightning's flash, anouncing that Fort Sumpter had been fired upon by
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HISTORY OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO.
the Confederate guns. It is difficult, at this somewhat distant period, to chronicle with specific minuteness the full extent of the part Fairfield County took in the four years' war that followed. Her soldiers were so widely distributed, and so variously ; her officers passed through so many promotions; so many were consigned to southern graves from the fields of carnage; the hospitals and southern prisons; that nothing short of a thorough canvass of the rolls could show it all. It is a work of altogether too great a magnitude for our plan. While I record the names and ranks of the officers, to the ex- tent that existing facilities allow, I would be gladl to register the names of every volunteer from the county, because every one that went out deserves equal mention. This will not be compatible with a three-hundred page county history. It may be that some omissions may occur of names even of officers. Should this be found to be so, the only apology the author can offer is, that he has accomplished all that his possibilities have permitted. To Colonel J. M. Connel, Capt. Geo. Blaire, Capt. J. M. Sutphen, Gen. N. Schleich and others; and to " Ohio in the War," by Reid, I am indebted for valuable aid in the war record of Fairfield County.
During the progress of the war, according to the best estimates attainable from available data, there were in the field from this county, including drafted men and hundred-day men, about the aggregate of three thousand soldiers. Two drafts were made for small numbers, but the drafted men, with few exceptions, it is believed, subsequently volunteered into the regular volunteer service. And moreover, the townships acted with a surprising promptness in filling their respective quotas by a liberal system of hiring recruits by voluntary contri- butions of money. Large sums were contributed for this pur- pose. At one time, viz. : in August, 1862, the county had sent out two hundred men in excess of her quota.
Within twenty-four hours after the President's call for 75,000 volunteers, on the 15th of April, 1861, one company from Lancaster was on its way to the seat of war, commanded by Captain J. A. Stafford. Seventeen days afterwards, viz .: on the 2nd day of May, two other companies were organized under Captains J. W. Stinchomb and Henry H. Giesy. On the 23d two other companies were accepted-Captains C. D. Clark and
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