USA > Ohio > Butler County > A history and biographical cyclopaedia of Butler County, Ohio, with illustrations and sketches of its representative men and pioneers. Vol. 1 > Part 53
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. . Dr. A. H. Landis, in the Hamilton - Telegraph, fur- nishes a list of men confined in Libby Prison at the end of November, 1863. He was captured at Chickamauga, and was in prison forty-four days:
"Lieutenant Cottingham, E; Higgins, D; Vannatta, C; Surface, E; Striekler, A; Leach, A; Lohman, K; Martindale, I; Brook, I; Clark, G; Rohrer, B; Gillian, K; Warner, E; Evans, E; Harrison, F; Shellabarger. C; Jackson, E."
After the return of Surgeon Landis he wrote a long letter giving a description of the cruelties practiced in Libby Prison :
"On Saturday, September 19th, soon after the eom- meneement of the battle of Chickamauga, I was ordered by the medical director of my division to the division hospital. It was on Cloud's farm, and at that time nearly
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two miles north of the left wing of our army. Early on Sabbath morning, in consequence of repeated flank movements on our left by the rebels, our hospital became exposed to a fire of shell and solid shot. The most of these deadly missiles passed over us, but some fell in our midst.
About eleven o'clock a line of rebel skirmishers were seen to emerge from a wood about four hundred yards distant, followed by a large force of Forrest's cavalry. All the ambulances we had were loaded with wounded and sent to Chattanooga, and many of the slightly wounded were sent on foot. The enemy continued to advance until they ascertained it was a hospital, when a squad of them rode up, and for the first time we were in the hands of the rebels.
"Seon afterward Granger's forces approaching from toward Chattanooga, the rebels fell back, and we saw no more of them until the following morning, when they took us into custody, and from that time on we were prisoners. Generals Forrest, Cheatham, and Armstrong honored us with their presence. General Forrest told us to go ahead and attend to our wounded, and we should not be molested. He also told us that our wounded yet on the field should be removed to the hospitals and re- ceive precisely the same treatment that their wounded received ; also that parties had been detailed to bury the dead on both sides. In a conversation I had with Dr. Fluellan, medical director of Bragg's army, the following day at Cheatham's division hospital, be made the same promises. These promises may have been in good faith, but from observation I know-and every other medical officer who fell into their hands knows-they were not realized.
I was over a portion of the battle-field three days after the battle, and the rebel dead were buried and ours unburied, and nearly all of them were stripped of their pants and shoes. Their appearance was most re- volting, having been exposed three days to a September sun; they were so swollen and changed in appearance that recognition was impossible. I found also at least three hundred of our wounded, all suffering from the gnawings of hunger. Every last wounded rebel bad been removed. Some of our men were in cabins, some had been gathered in groups and laid on the ground, and some were still in the fields and woods, where they were wounded, in the immediate vicinity of the dead bodies of their comrades. To the credit of the rebels, they did furnish them some rations the following day. Some of these poor fellows remained in this condition for eight days.
"The question might be asked, Why did we not have them removed to our hospital? We had uo ambulance, Ro wagon, no vehicle of any kind, and the rebels refused to furnish us any ; in addition, we had a contract already at one hospital of such magnitude that our energies were taxed to their utmost. Our provisions ran out at our
hospital two days after our capture, and then starvation stared us in the face. Finally, after two days' entreaties, we were furnished with fresh beef, hard bread, bacon, and corn meal. The bacon and hard bread were good in quality, but very deficient in quantity. The beef was of Pharaoh's lean kine, but we were glad to get it. Some of the corn meal was musty and scarcely ft for the swill barrel.
"Monday, September 28th, General Roscerans sent us rations, and from that time, as long as we remained at Chickamauga, Uncle Sam was our commissary, and we fared sumptuously.
"Friday, October 2d, our wounded having been pa- roled and sent through the lines, we were taken, eighty in number, seven of whom were surgeons and the re- mainder enlisted men, to Chickamauga Station, seven miles distant, where we took the cars for Atlanta. We reached Atlanta the following evening, and were lodged in the prisoners' barracks. These barracks consist of about two acres of ground, inclosed by a board fence twelve feet high. The few blankets the privates and non-commissioned officers had were taken from them on entering that filthy hole, and those poor fellows, while they remained there, were without blankets or overcoats, and spent the cold frosty nights with the earth for a bed and the sky for a blanket.
"There were two board shanties in these barracks, in which were about forty of our wounded, all of whom were lying on the floor with but a single blanket, and all of them suffered terribly from cold during the night. Dr. Ashman, one of our surgeons, repeatedly asked the surgeon in charge for straw, and in response received some glorious promises, but the straw never came. Ma- jor Morely, of Tennessee, was in those barracks, and had a fifty pound ball and chain for his bed-fellow. He was at the time, dangerously ill with typhoid fever, aud finally died. Surgeon Young, of the Seventy-ninth Illi- nois, who remained several weeks at Atlanta with our wounded, told me that the n'yjor had to wear the ball and chain until within twenty four hours of his death. Two days after our arrival at Atlanta forty surgeons, captured at Chickamauga, and several hundred other prisoners arrived.
"October 6th, all the surgeons but those who re- mained with our wounded and enlisted men, numbering in all three hundred, were put aboard the cars for Rich- mond. We passed through Augusta, Georgia; Ham- burg, Branchville, and Columbia, South Carolina; and Salisbury, Raleigh, and Weldou, North Carolina, and' reached Richmond, Sabbath, October 11th, aud all the surgeons were lodged in Libby Prison.
"Libby is a substantial brick building, one hundred and fifty feet long, and one hundred and ten feet wide, and three stories high besides the basement. The upper two stories are each divided into three rooms, and in these six rooms, before our release, were over ene thou-
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sand prisoners, all commissioned officers. The following sign is on the outside of the building:
LIBBY & SON, Ship Chandlers and Grocers. -
"Each room has a sink, immediately contiguous to it, and the stench coming therefrom is almost unendurable. The windows were all unglazed when we arrived, and at times we suffered terribly from cold. The most of them were still opeu when we left, and as the mercury may fall to zero any day in Richmond during the Winter, no one knows what tortures the inmates of Libby may have to endure the coming Winter. Three days before our release the officers in charge of Libby were so obliging as to furnish two stoves for cach room, but strange to say, we suffered with cold just as we did without them, for the simple reason that we were not furnished with a single stick of wood, and such will probably be the case through the Winter, as they sometimes refused to fur- nish us a single stick of wood to cook with for nearly a whole day at a time.
"At one time some of our soldiers, who had been wounded at Chickamauga, were quartered in one of the. lower rooms of Libby, immediately under one of the rooms occupied by us. Through a small opening in the floor they told us they had been without food for twenty- four hours, and implored us for something to eat. We had little to spare, but what we had we divided with them. Captain Turner, officer in charge of the prison, heard of it, and arrested three officers aud reprimanded them severely, and ordered that the men should go forty-eight hours longer without food for the crime of talking to the officers. Whether this order was enforced or not we never could learn, as the boys were removed to other quarters. Some of our soldiers came to one of the lower rooms of Libby daily after rations. Some men were barefooted, some bareheaded, aud I once noticed one poor fellow barefooted, bareheaded, and without a shirt. We never were allowed to ask them any ques- tions in reference to their treatmeut, but the mere ap- pearance of their faces told us starvation and exposure were closing the work of death. November 20th, I saw twenty of our boys at work on the street, cleaning one of the gutters, and nine of them were barefooted.
"I will here mention an act of brutality that occurred at Augusta, Georgia. When we reached Augusta we had with us a wounded man, who had become so ill that his surgeon, Dr. MeGavrin, of the Twenty-sixth Ohio, proposed to Lieutenant Bass, officer in charge of us, to leave him in the hospital. Lieutenant Bass presented the case to Captaia Rains, commandant of the post. The captain refused to receive him into the hospital, but told Lieutenant Bass to knock him in the head.
"I might extend this communication ad infinitum,
and relate some of the horrors of Belle Island, the ter- rible mortality among our men at Richmond, the manner in which we were tortured by the lice in Libby, also the quality and quantity of our rations. But this is unnec- essary, as those facts are all embraced in a report, adopted unanimously, and published by the surgeons released from Libby Prison. 'Sparta knew the names of the men lost in her cause at the pass of Thermopyla,' but America will never. know how many of her noble sons perished iu the dens of Richmond.
"The manner in which most of us were swindled out of our money at Richmond makes theft and highway robbery honorable. There is no state-prison in North America that can belch forth a more infamous pack of liars and thieves than the officers in charge of Libby Prison. When we entered the prison we were told by Captain Turner that we must hand over our greenbacks and gold and silver, if we had any, and should we need money while in prison we should have Confederate mouey at the rate of seven dollars for one, and when re- leased or exchanged our money should be refunded in kind; aud if we refused to hand it over, we would be searched, and if money was found it would be confiscated. This proposition was so fair that about nine-tenths of us deposited our cash in the Libby Bank. When we left, November 24th, they commenced paying us off in Con- federate money. A few who had small sums deposited received greenbacks, but a large majority had either to take Confederate mouey or nothing.
"Of the cleared laud we saw traveling from Chick- amauga to Richmond, a distance of nine hundred miles, I do not think more than one acre in twenty was tilled this year. What little was tilled was in corn, except a few cotton fields. I do not think the corn would have yielded over five bushels to the acre."
During the Fall of 1863 the Thirty-fifthi lay with the rest of the army at Chattanooga, and frequently engaged iu skirmishes before that place. They were on the front line at Mission Ridge, and were among the first to reach the enemy's works on the crest, from which they drove the rebel force and captured three pieces of artillery. Early in the fight Colonel Boynton was severely wounded while leading his men up the height, when the command devolved upon Major Budd. Next morning the euenty was pursued to Riuggold, Georgia.
The Thirty-fifth took an active part in the storming of Mission Ridge, capturing three twelve pounders and two flags. Lieuteuaut-colonel Boyntou received a flesh wound in the thigh, which disabled him for several weeks.
The following letter from W. H. Sharer, of Company B, dated December 21, 1863, will be found fuil of in- terest:
" Well, here we are, snug in camp again, after a fly- ing trip to Ringgold, Georgia, and back, which we com- pleted on the evening of the 29th of November, and to
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tell the truth, after writing on the 25th of November, about four o'clock P. M., I thought it was somewhat doubtful whether I would ever get back to camp or not.
" Colonel Van Derveer was ordered to take his brig- ade and move to the left, which he did immediately, and, after some maneuvering, we were thrown into line, and marched toward Missionary Ridge. After gaining good ground, within five or six hundred yards of their first line of works, at the extreme foot of the Ridge, we were halted, and laid down, not thinking for a moment that they would attempt to charge the Ridge. The brigade now was in two lines, with the Second Minnesota as skirmishers. The signal to advance, which was six guns, was soon heard, the sound of which had not died away before I saw the Second Minnesota take the first line of the enemy's works, and the graybacks flying toward the top of the Ridge. By this time we had advanced into an open field, where the rebels began to try their bat- teries upon us. We were ordered forward on the double- quick, and I thought the rebels were loading and firing double-quick the way the shells flew around and among us. I saw one burst in the very midst of Company E, and saw several men stagger, but strange as it is, not a man was hurt from it, and I believe all reached the first line in safety. After resting, for we were all out of breath, we were again ordered forward under a most desperate fire. Shot, shell, grape, canister, old musket barrels, ram-rods, and everything else flew around thickly. Lieutenant-colonel H. V. N. Boynton, commanding the Thirty-fifth, was wounded shortly after leaving the first line of works, but I am happy to say not mortally. He thinks he will soon be able to lead us again. As soon as we gained the top the rebels fell back on our left, where they concentrated, and a desperate fight was the result. But darkness coming on enabled them to escape next morning.
"After burying the dead and taking care of the wounded, we started in pursuit, and came up to the enemy just in time to see them driven from Ringgold, Georgia, and out of Taylor's Gap. Here the Seventh Ohio lost heavily; all their officers but one were killed or wounded as they attempted to charge Taylor's Ridge. This was on the 27th. On the 29th we marched back to camp, and now all appears quiet. The loss of the Thirty-fifth was five killed and twenty-eight wounded."
At the storming of Missionary Ridge, near Chatta- Googa, November 25th, Sergeant William C. Stokes, of Company C, son of James M. Stokes, was killed. He was in his twenty-first year. At the same place and time, Simon Kumler, private in Company C, son of Jacob Kumler, was killed. He was in his twenty-second year. The former was shot through the head and lived but three Hours, the latter shot through the abdomen and living twenty-four hours. They were young men of unusual promise, and enjoyed the respect and esteem of all who knew theni.
In February, 1864, the regiment was engaged in the first battles at Buzzard's Roost, near Dalton, after which they were stationed at Ringgold until the beginning of the Atlanta campaign. They were with Sherman from the initiation of this movement until the expiration of their term of service, which occurred while lying before Atlanta. They were engaged at Dalton, Resaca, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw, Peachtree Creek, and several. other of the fights of that bloody contest.
The Thirty-fifth was mustered out in August, 1864, at Chattanooga.
In their term of three years, says a high anthority, the regiment never turned its back upon the enemy, and was never driven from a field.
The following is a list of the commissioned and non- commissioned officers of the regiment :
Colonel .- Ferdinand Van Derveer, commanding brigade after February 28, 1863.
Lieutenant-colonels .- Charles L'I !. Long, resigned July 13. 1863, on account of disability. Henry V. N. Boynton, July 13, 1863; wounded at Mission Ridge, November 25th; re- signed September 8, 1864.
Major .- Joseph L. Budd.
Adjutants .- George B. Wright, resigned September 18, 1863, on account of disability. John Van Derveer, promoted to captain of Company C, March 19, 1864. James H. Bone, September 24, 1863; promoted to captain Company D, March 17, 1864. James E. Harris, April 10, 1864.
Surgeon .- Perkins A. Gordon, resigned November 2, 1863, . on account of disability.
Assistant Surgeons .- Francis D. Morris, resigned August S, 1862, on account of disability. Charles O. Wright, resigned June 18, 1864. Abram H. Landis, mustered ont September 27, 1864.
Chaplains .- John Woods, resigned November 19, 1862. Joshua C. Hablit, resigned February 19, 1863.
Sergeunt-majors .- Benjamin Clark, reduced to the ranks May 1, 1862, for continued absence. John Adams, May 1, 1862; promoted to second lieutenant October 4, 1862; wounded. at Chickamauga. Lucius B. Potter, October 14, 1862.
Quartermaster's Sergeants .- Joseph F. Sanders, promoted to second lieutenant November 27, 1362. Martin Betz, No- vember 29, 1862.
Commissary Sergeants .- George W. Leitch, discharged for disability June 30, 1862. Joseph S. Claypoole, promoted from sergeant Company C, July 1, 1862; second lieutenant September, 1862. Lorenzo Brown, October 1, 1862.
Hospital Stewards .- Samuel Hart, discharged September 10, 1861, for disability. Mordecai Cleaver, January 1, 1862.
Principal Musicians .- William H. Bussard. Clark J. Castator.
Ordnance Sergeant .- James D. Ratliff.
Company A.
Captains .- Joseph L. Budd, promoted to major July ?, 1863. Lewis F. Daugherty, promoted from first, lieatenant August 9, 1863; killed in action at Peachtree Creek, Geor- gia, July 20, 1864.
First Lieutenants .- James II. Bone, promoted from second lieutenant Angust 9, 1863; promoted to captain March 30, 1 1864, and assigned to Company D. James Sabin, promoted
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HISTORY OF BUTLER COUNTY.
from sergeant to first sergeant July 1, 1862; second lieuten- ant, Angust 9, 1863; first lieutenant, March 30, 1864.
First Sergeants .- Selby Wiley, promoted from ranks Sep- tember 21, 1863; died from wounds received in action at Pine Ridge, Georgia, June 16, 1864. George W. Keever, killed at battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863.
Sergeants .- Thomas Starry, promoted from corporal Sep- teinber 3, 1863. Albert S. Mercer, promoted from the ranks July 1, 1862. Samuel A. Spurgeon. , Archelus D. Strickler, from corporal, August 20, 1862. John Linber, discharged August 9, 1862, for disability. Oliver H. Parshall, promoted to captain, and transferred to Company F, September, 1861. Perry Gregg, promoted to first lieutenant, and transferred to the Mississippi marine service.
Corporals .- John W. Bogar, October 1, 1862. James L. McLain, January 1, 1862. Thomas Gillespie, July 1, 1862. Albert S. Booth, July 1, 1862. Ira Lackey, August 30, 1862. John B. Shay, May 1, 1863. Thomas G. Strickler, killed at battle of Chickamauga. John D. Smith, discharged April 1, 1862. John Adams, promoted to sergeant-major. Lem- uel E. Stump, assigned to Company K. .
Company B.
Captains .- Thomas Stone, resigned June 6, 1862. Rans- ford Smith, from first lieutenant June 6, 1862; resigned Feb- ruary 28, 1863. Jonathan Henninger, first lieutenant Feb- ruary 24, 1863; captain, May 12, 1863.
First Lieutenant .- Samuel L. Houser, corporal, October 16, 1861 ; sergeant, October 16, 1862; second lieutenant, Febru- ary 24, 1863; first lieutenant, May 12, 1863.
Second Lieutenants .- William II. Eacott, resigned January 30, 1863; Robert B. Davidson, promoted from corporal to sergeant October 2, 1861; first sergeant, February 24, 1863; second lieutenant, May 12, 1863; first lieutenant, Company I, April 1, 1864.
First Sergeant .- Alonzo Fisk, May 12, 1863, wounded at Chickamauga.
Sergeanis .- George W. Kimble, from corporal, February 24, 1863. George W. Leitch, commissary sergeant, August 20, 1861. Robert C. Nicholas, assigned to Company K; pro- moted to lieutenant September 2, 1861. Robert J. Livings- ton, corporal, October 2, 1861; promoted February 24, 1863;
. assigned to Company K. James D. Rateliff, corporal, Novem- ber 12, 1861; sergeant, March 12, 1SG3; assigned to Com- pany K.
Corporals .- John West, January 20, 1862 David W. Brady, reduced to ranks from sergeant; made corporal Feb- ruary 28, 1863; wounded at Chickamauga. Enos Wilson, September 24, 1862; wounded at Chickamauga. George Banr, May 12, 1863. Jacob W. Houser, July 16, 1863. Will- iam G. Mass, February 28, 1864. Solomon W. Smith, dicd in hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, November 14, 1863. Abraham S. Bell, discharged for disability September 16, 1861. James W. Coppage, discharged for disability April 5, 1863, at Nashville, Tennessee. George N. Lewis, transferred to invalid corps March 15, 1864; wounded at Chickamauga. Alonzo Runyan, transferred to invalid corps April 30, 1864; wounded at Chickamauga.
Company C.
Mustered into service Angust 20, 1861, and entered Ken- tucky September 26, 186 !. This company entered the field 102 strong-commissioned and non-commissioned officers and privates-and received four recruits during term of sery- ice. The losses were 16 discharged for disabilities; 2 dis-
charged to accept promotions; 13 died of discases; 2 died of wounds received in action ; 6 killed in action. Sixty- seven commissioned and non-commissioned officers and privates were mustered out at expiration. of service at Chiat- tanooga, Tennessee, 1864. It was at the battles of Mill Spring, Shiloh, Siege of Corinth, Perryville. Chapel Hill, Iloover's Gap, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Buzzards' Roost, Tunnel Hill, Resaca, Pine Mountain, Ken- esaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, and Siege of Atlanta.
Captuins .- John S. Earhart, detached as topographical engineer on General Steadman's staff; died at Dechart. Tennessee, August, 1863. John Van Derveer, never with the company; detailed as quartermaster of regiment. Fred. W. Keil, first lieutenant; promoted to be captain June, 1864.
First Lieutenant .-- Benj. F. Miller, second lieutenant; pro- moted to be first lieutenant February, 1864.
Sergeants,-Leonard Allen, first sergeant, discharged. Jos. S. Claypool, sergeant; promoted to be second lieutenant. Jas. E. Hains, sergeant; promoted to be first lieutenant and adjutant of regiment. Jas. A. Huginin, sergeant, discharged. Saml. M. Hippard, sergeant; promoted to first sergeant. Mark B. Price, color sergeant.
Corporals .- Wm. Beachler. Jno. Van Dine, discharged for disability. W. C. Stokes, promoted to sergeant; killed at Missionary Ridge. John M. Davis, promoted to sergeant. Francis Barnett, discharged for disability. Jno. Haller, promoted to sergeant. Jos. Zeller, discharged to enter reg- imental band. Benj. F. Keil, promoted to sergeant: killed at Chickamauga.
Regimental Appointments .- Lucius B. Potter, promoted to sergeant-major. Frank A. Lighter. regimental postinaster Jno. M. Bradstreet, commissary sergeant.
Discharged for Disabilities .-- Alfred H. Burr, October 2S, 1861, Cynthiana, Ky. Isaac H. Davis, May 3, 1862, Nash- ville, Tenn. Alex. P. Richardson, May 18, 1862, near Cor- 'inth, Miss. Jno. S. Davis, July 24, 1862, Tuscumbia, Tenn. Benj. F. Arnold, July 24, 1862, Tuscumbia, Tenn. Fred. D. McKasson, October 1, 1862, Camp Dennison. Hezekiah Carl, October 6, 1862, Lonisville, Ky. Jno. W. Enbody: October 6, 1862, Camp Dennison. Benj. F. Fox, October 11, 1862, Camp Dennison. Francis Barnett. October 11, 1962, Camp Dennison. Hayward Woodhurst, February 18, 1863, Camp Dennison. Jno. R. Emons, February 20, 1363, Camp Den- nison. W. B, Milliker. March 9, 1863, Triune, Tenn. Leon- ard Allen, March 11, 1803, St. Louis, Mo. Chas. E. Bick- more. Daniel Cooper, for wounds received at Chickamauga.
Died of Disease while in Service .- Jonah Dickey, November 19, 1861, Paris, Ky. James Dickey, March 10, 1862, Somerset. Ky. Isaac R. Henry, March 16, 1802, Nashville, Tenn. Jos. Robinson, April 14, 1862, Indian Creek Hospital, Tenn. Geo. Hine, April 23, 1862, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. Sam !. Par- ker, May 17, 1862, Seven-Mile, Ohio. Jas. A. Huginin, Fel- ruary 13, 1863, Winchester, Ohio. Jno. Haller, November 23, 1863, Nashville, Tenn. Jesse . G. Matthews, Jannary 12, 1864, Louisville, Ky. John Wolverton. Jannary, 1864. Jacksonburg, Ohio. Squire H. Vanatta, 1864, on his way home from rebel prison. John S. Earhart, captain. August. 1863, Decherd, Tenn ..
Killed in Action .- Benj. A. Reed, Chickamauga. Heury C. Ray, Chickamanga. B. F. Keil, Chickamauga. Wm. C. Stokes, Missionary Ridge. Simon Kumier. Missionary Ridge. Peter Kapp, Missionary Ridge.
Dird of Wounds received in Action .- Jos. H. Vannatta, in field hospital, Chickamauga. Cassins C. Brown, Nashville, Tenn., wounded at Chickamauga.
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Company D.
Captains .- Nathaniel Reeder, dismissed the service by general court-martial, August 24, 1863; for absence without leave; afterwards reinstated. James H. Bone, first lieuten- ant Company A, July 19, 1863; adjutant, September 24, 1863; captain, March 19, 1864, and assigned to Company D), April 12, 1864.
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