USA > Ohio > Cuyahoga County > Cleveland > A history of Catholicity in northern Ohio and in the diocese of Cleveland from 1749 to December 31, 1900, Volume II, pt2 > Part 22
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KOLASINSKI, Rev. Nicodemus, a native of Galicia, Austria, was born September 14, 1846; ordained at Bologna, Italy, September 18, 1875 ; came to this country and diocese in July, 1884, and was appointed temporary pastor of St. Adalbert's, Berea. In March, 1889, he was transferred to St. Anthony's church, Toledo, where he-remained till he left the diocese, in June, 1893.
KOLASZEWSKI, Rev. A. Francis, was born in Poland, September 5, 1851. Made his collegiate studies in the Franciscan College, at Teutop- olis, Ill .; then entered St. Mary's Seminary, Cleveland, where, after completing the prescribed course in philosophy and theology, he was ordained by Bishop Gilmour, July 1, 1883. He was appointed first resident pastor of St. Stanislas' church, Cleveland, a few weeks after his ordination. Resigned his pastorate in May, 1892, and then left the diocese. He returned to Cleveland about two years later and organized a schismatic parish, for which he was excommunicated by Bishop Horstmann, June 20, 1894 .*
KOLIN, Rev. Charles, a Bohemian, was born January 8, 1865; ordained at Milwaukee, June 22, 1888; in this diocese as temporary chaplain of the Notre Dame Academy on Woodland Hills. Cleveland, from December, 1898, to June, 1899, when he was dismissed.
KOLOPP, Rev. Hyacinthe N. M., was born at Abreschwiller, Lor- raine, May 7, 1850 ; made part of his ecclesiastical studies in France, and completed them at St. Mary's Seminary, Cleveland. August 8, 1874, he was ordained by Bishop Gilmour. He had the following appointments : Elmore and missions; Antwerp and missions ; Provi- dence and Bowling Green. In August. 1883, he assumed charge of his last appointment, Holy Trinity congregation. Bucyrus, where he died, March 22, 1887.
KOLOPP, Rev. Peter, was born at Heinrichsdorf, Lorraine, July 4, 1834; was ordained for the diocese of Alton, July 14. 1858: was received into the diocese of Cleveland, October, 1864, and sent as curate to Louisville, where he remained till June, 1866. He was then, success- ively, pastor of Doylestown : Six Mile Woods; St. Peter's, Norwalk ; and Avon. After an illness of nearly eight months he died at St. Vin- cent's Hospital. Toledo, November 20, 1883.
KRAMER, Rev. J. J., was born, educated and ordained in Alsace ; was received into this diocese in 1853, and sent as assistant to St. Peter's, Cleveland. November, 1854. he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's. Cleveland, and remained till May, 1856, when he was sent to
*See Vol. I, pages 172-176.
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Dungannon. This charge he held till he left the diocese, July of same year. He was then received into the diocese of Alton. Later he returned to Europe, where he died in 1882.
KRAMER, Rev. M. Anthony ( Sanguinist), was born in Würtem- berg, February 3, 1812; came to the United States, October, 1852, and was ordained at New Riegel for the Sanguinists by Bishop Rappe, November 21, 1853 ; did pastoral work in the diocese of Cleveland, off and on, between 1855 and 1877, at Avon, French Creek, Thompson, New Riegel and Glandorf. At other times he was on missions in the dioceses of Cincinnati and Ft. Wayne. His last pastoral charge in this diocese was at Thompson ( for the third time) from December, 1874, till his death, February 17, 1877.
KRASNEY, Rev. Anthony, was born, educated and ordained in Bohemia ; came to this country in 1857, and was stationed for a while in New York City ; was received into the diocese of Cleveland in May, · 1858, and from St. Peter's, Cleveland, attended Independence till 1862, when he was appointed first pastor of St. Joseph's, on Woodland ave- nue. There he remained in charge till October, 1867, when he was appointed the first pastor of St. Wenceslas' (Bohemian) congregation, Cleveland, then organized by Bishop Rappe. Ill health forced him to resign, October, 1869; died at Charity Hospital, Cleveland, March 3, 1870. He was a fine German and Bohemian scholar.
KRAUS, Rev. Gabriel, a native of Galicia, Austria, was born August 14, 1867; ordained July 20, 1890; in this diocese as temporary curate at St. Stanislas' church, Cleveland, from May to September, 1897.
KREIDLER, Rev. John B. (Jesuit), a native of Würtemberg, was born June 8, 1848. He was ordained for the Jesuits, at Salpoint, England, September 21, 1873 ; came to the United States in August, 1876. Was assistant at St. Mary's, Toledo, from 1881 to 1888. Dur- ing this time he also had pastoral charge of the mission of Sylvania. He now resides at St. Joseph's Hospital, in New York City.
KREUSCH, Rev. Matthias (Sanguinist), was born at Longwich, diocese of Treves, Prussia, October 7, 1820 ; came to the United States. December, 1843 ; was ordained for the Sanguinists by Bishop Purcell. June 10, 1845 ; had pastoral charge of the Catholic Germans of Cleve- land, about 1848; attended Avon from Cleveland, and later from Thompson; was also at New Riegel and Glandorf. From 1864, till his death, he was on duty in other dioceses where the Sanguinists had charge of congregations. In 1859 he attended Lima, where he built the first church. He died at Minster, O., July 21, 1874. "Father Matthias," as he was called, did much for religion. He was a saintly priest, a man without guile.
KREUSCH, Rev. Joseph (Jesuit), was born in Prussia, March 22. 1829 ; ordained September 4, 1854: was in the diocese of Cologne until November, 1862, when he joined the Jesuits; came to this country in September. 1868; was a missionary, with residence at St. Ignatius' College, Cleveland, from May to August, 1890, when he was trans- ferred to Buffalo, where he died December 19, 1896.
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KREUSCHI, Rev. John Peter, brother to Rev. M. Kreusch, was born at Longwich, diocese of Treves, Prussia, December 2, 1818. About 1844 he came to the United States. Bishop Purcell sent him to the Sanguinist Fathers, at Thompson, where he continued his ecclesiastical studies for a time. When the diocese of Cleveland was erected in 1847 he was received by Bishop Rappe as a seminarist; was ordained November 19, 1848. He had the following pastoral charges in the diocese of Cleveland between the time of his ordination and 1854: Cleveland, St. Mary's on the "Flats," Shelby Settlement, with charge of the missions of Crestline, Bucyrus, Galion, Loudonville, New Wash- ington and Mansfield. In 1854 he was received into the diocese of Vincennes, where he remained about four years. He then was again received by Bishop Rappe, who gave him pastoral charge of Dungan- non, where he remained till 1859, when he was received into the diocese of Wheeling. For over twenty-five years he had charge of St. Alphon- sus' church, Wheeling. May 11, 1888, he died full of years and merit. In order to aid his fellow-priests in obtaining pure altar wine he devoted his savings and spare time to an extensive vineyard he had established near Wheeling. Though he succeeded in supplying pure altar wine, the project ended in financial failure, a short time before his death.
KUEHR, Rev. Ferdinand, D. D., was born at Eslohe, Prussia, August 25, 1806; made his studies for the priesthood at Rome, where he was also ordained, August 10, 1830. He was stationed at St. John's, Canton, from November, 1837, to January, 1838; was pastor of St. Mary's church, Covington, from 1841, till his death, November 20, 1870.
KUEMIN, Rev. Charles, a Swiss, was born in 1802. He was in the diocese of Cleveland from May, 1865, till February, 1867, as pastor of Kelley's Island, with charge of Put-in-Bay as a mission. In 1867 he returned to his native country, where he died the following year.
KUHN, Rev. Jacob A., was born near Saar-Brücken, Rhenish Prussia, April 20, 1836; was educated for the priesthood at Davenport, Ia., and at St. Mary's Seminary, Cleveland. He was ordained by Bishop Rappe, June 28, 1863. He held the following charges in the diocese : Newburg (now a part of Cleveland), whence he also attended many stations ; Niles and missions ; Cleveland, St. Peter's, as temporary pastor for a few months : Mansfield; Norwalk, St. Peter's ; Cleveland, Holy Family (now St. Edward's) ; Massillon, St. Mary's. This last charge he held from April, 1879, till his death, November 30, 1898.
KUHNMUENCH, Rev. Peter (Sanguinist), was born in Baden, October 31, 1843 : was educated for the ministry, at Carthagena, O. He was ordained for the Sanguinists, June 24, 1876; in the diocese of Cleveland from July, 1881, to September, 1884, as assistant at New Riegel. He is now stationed in the diocese of Ft. Wayne.
KULA, Rev. James, was born in Gorreck, Silesia. July S. 1858: ordained in Italy, May 8, 1892; came to this diocese in September, 1893, and was temporary assistant at St. Stanislas' church, Cleveland, until December of the same year, when he was transferred to the Sacred
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Heart church, in same city. He remained there until July, 1895, when he left the diocese.
KUNKLER, Very Rev. Andrew (Sanguinist), was born at Glotter- thal, Baden, November 25, 1825; came to the United States in 1843; ordained at New Riegel for the Sanguinists by Bishop Rappe, February 23, 1848. Was stationed at Glandorf, from 1848 to 1849, and at St. Michael's, Thompson, from April to September, 1857. From 1858 to 1874 he was Provincial of the Sanguinists in this country. He died suddenly at Weston, Mo., December 6, 1889. He was a thorough ecclesiastic and a model religious.
LAIS, Rev. Joseph, was born at Griessheim, Baden, September 29, 1829; came to America in March, 1852, and entered the Cleveland diocesan seminary. He was ordained by Bishop Rappe, July 8, 1855. He had the following appointments in the diocese: St. Mary's, Massillon, of which he had charge from 1855 to 1858. Then he was pastor of Navarre, 1859-60; of Doylestown, with charge of Canal Fulton and French Settlement as missions, 1860-62. In 1862 he was appointed resident pastor of Canal Fulton, attending several missions from that place. There he remained till 1867, when he again received the pastorate of St. Mary's, Massillon, retaining this appointment till he died, February 5, 1875. He was ever faithful to his sacerdotal duties, and left the record of a devoted and true priest.
LANGEVIN, Rev. Alfred, a Canadian, was born at St. Pie, P. Q., April 1, 1861 ; ordained at St. Albans, Vt., for the diocese of Burling- ton, June 22, 1884. In January, 1888, he came to the diocese of Cleve- land, and was sent to Dungannon, where he remained but four weeks, when he returned to Vermont.
LAUX, Rev. Alphonse (Sanguinist), a native of Luxemburg, was born September 11, 1835. He came to this country in 1859, and was ordained at Cincinnati for the Sanguinists, November 7, 1861. From 1862 to 1863 he was stationed at New Riegel, whence he attended Berwick. St. Patrick's Settlement, Mccutchenville, Upper Sandusky and Crawfordsville. In 1864 he attended Bismarck from Thompson. From 1869 to February. 1876, he was pastor of New Riegel, where he commenced, and brought almost to completion, the present beautiful church. During its construction he met with a serious accident, which disabled him for a number of years. From 1877, to February, 1880, he was curate at Glandorf. Since 1880 he has held the position of chap- lain in various hospitals and asylums. He is now stationed at Grüne- wald, Mercer county. O., charged with a similar position.
LEBRETON, Rev. Elias V., a native of France, was born December 27, 1860 ; was ordained at Tucson, Ar., June 7. 1884 ; was in this diocese from December, 1892. to March, 1893, at first, for a few weeks, at Toussaint, and then as chaplain of St. Joseph's Hospital, Lorain.
LE BRUN, Rev. Alfred, a Canadian, was born April 2, 1850; ordained for the diocese of Three Rivers, Canada, March 25, 1878; was stationed in the diocese of Cleveland, as temporary pastor of South Thompson and mission. from January to June, 1892.
الدمـ
ST. JOHN'S CHURCH (Interior), CANTON.
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LEDDY, Rev. James H., was born at Newark, N. J., May 14, 1837; made his ecclesiastical studies at St. Mary's College, Wilmington, Del., and Seton Hall, N. J. He was ordained for the diocese of Buffalo by Bishop Timon, March 18, 1863. He was in the diocese of Cleveland between 1876 and 1877-at the cathedral for two months as assistant, then pastor for four months at Van Wert, when he returned to the diocese of Buffalo.
LE HALLE, Rev. Joseph (Jesuit), a native of Prussia, was born January 31, 1845; was educated by and for the Jesuits, in Germany and England; was ordained at Liverpool, August 29, 1877; was stationed at Bombay, E. I., from 1878 to 1886. In June, 1893, he was appointed rector of St. Ignatius' College, Cleveland. This position he held till January, 1897; from May to August of the same year he was stationed at St. Mary's, Toledo, when he was transferred to Buffalo, N. Y.
LEITER, Rev. Anselm (Jesuit), a Swiss, was born January 20, 1826 ; ordained September 15, 1855; was superior of the Jesuits, at Toledo, from September, 1884, to May, 1886, and again from Septem- ber, 1889, to September, 1890. He was stationed at St. Ignatius' College, Cleveland, from August, 1893, to September, 1898, when he was transferred to Prairie du Chien, Wis.
LEWANDOWSKI, Rev. Vincent, a native of Gralewo-Posen, Austria, was born May 31, 1841. He made his studies in the city of Posen, where he was also ordained for the Franciscans, October 30, 1864. He became a secular priest, and was in the diocese of Cleveland as pastor of St. Hedwig's ( Polish) congregation, Toledo, from October, 1875, till July, 1885, when he left the diocese, and went to Milwaukee, Wis., where he did pastoral work until his sudden death, January 22, 1900.
LOCHERT, Rev. Gabriel M., was born in 1810; was educated and ordained in his native Alsace. He came to the diocese of Cleveland in April, 1859, and was appointed pastor of Navarre ( Bethlehem), where after a brief illness he died July 13, of the same year.
LUDWIG, Rev. Frederick C., a native of Germany, was born of Protestant parents in the town of Wolfenbüttel, January 13, 1823. After his entry into the Church he made his studies for the priesthood at the seminaries of St. Mary's, Cleveland, and St. Sulpice, Paris. He was ordained by Bishop Rappe, July 3, 1864. Louisville was his first appointment, August to October, 1864. He then, successively, had pastoral charge of the following places : Dungannon, Peru, Rockport, Independence and Shelby Settlement. Then he became mentally deranged and was a pensioner of the Infirm Priests' Fund from January, 1870, to October, 1882, residing in retirement at East Liverpool, O. On the supposition that he had recovered from his mental illness, Very Rev. Administrator Boff, in absence of the Bishop in Rome, then appointed him the pastor of St. Peter's, Norwalk, where he remained only till January, 1883. He was assistant at St. Stephen's, Cleve- land, February to July, 1883. when he was again on the sick list till December, 1886. At last mentioned date he left the diocese of Cleve-
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land, and went about as caprice dictated. Finally death put an end to his blighted existence, June 25, 1889. His remains rest in St. Philip's Cemetery, Dungannon, O. He was a musician far above the ordinary ; also a fine linguist.
LUHR, Very Rev. John Henry, was born at Steinfeld, Oldenburg, April 21, 1808, and was ordained, September 21, 1831. In 1844 he was received into the diocese of Cincinnati. He was pastor of St. John's, Canton, from October, 1844, till June, 1845, when he organized St. Peter's church, in the same city. From Canton he also attended Randolph, Massillon, Navarre and New Berlin. February, 1853, he was transferred from Canton to Cleveland, where he organized St. Peter's congregation, whose first school and present church were built under his direction. He was pastor of the last mentioned congregation till January, 1868, when he left the diocese and returned to Cincinnati, where he was appointed pastor of St. Augustine's. This position he held till his death, August 2, 1872. He was one of Bishop Rappe's vicars-general from 1854 to 1868. Father Luhr was a faithful priest, full of zeal, and an earnest worker in the cause of religion.
McALEER, Rev. Michael, born in county Tyrone, Ireland, March 4, 1811, was ordained by Bishop Purcell, November 23, 1837; did pastoral work at Canton, Navarre and Dungannon, between 1837 and 1840. He then left Ohio and went to the diocese of Nashville with Bishop Miles, and was stationed at Memphis, Tenn., where he remained some years. Later he was received into the diocese of New York; was appointed pastor of St. Columba's, New York City, where he died February 22, 1881.
McCAFFREY, Rev. Patrick, was born in New York State, October, 1841 ; made his preparatory course of studies in Cleveland and Louis- ville, O., and finished same in St. Mary's Seminary, Cleveland, where, July 17, 1870, he was ordained for the diocese of Cleveland by Bishop Mullen, of Erie. His first appointment was St. Ann's, Briar Hill, from which place he attended as missions Girard and Struthers. In the latter place, as also at Briar Hill, he built the present churches. Being of delicate health, he was obliged to resign his charge, April. 1872. For two years after leaving Briar Hill he suffered greatly, till his death at Toledo, April ?, 1874. His remains are buried at Toledo.
MCCARTHY, Rev. Timothy P., was born in Durrus, Cork county, Ireland. November 6, 1843: made his ecclesiastical studies with the Benedictines, at St. Vincent's. Pa., and St. Mary's Seminary. Cleve- land. He was ordained by Bishop Gilmour, July 5, 1877. His first appointment was as temporary pastor of Avon, with charge of North Ridgeville from July to September, 1877. He had a similar appoint- ment at North Ridge, from September, 1877, to June. 1878. He was then given the pastorate of the Good Shepherd parish, Toledo, where he labored most successfully, till his transfer to St. Ann's, Fremont, in Angust, 1877. In the latter place he built and brought almost to .completion the present handsome church. In March, 1890, he was transferred to the Immaculate Conception parish, Toledo, where. with
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characteristic zeal and utter disregard of self, he labored most faithfully. Under his direction the present splendid church was built. It was the strenuous work, connected with the supervision of the building, and the raising of funds to meet the financial obligations incurred, that undermined and ruined his strong constitution. When the church was dedicated, in November, 1896, Father McCarthy was a physical wreck. Hoping to regain health, and to find rest from incessant labor, he went to southern California. But the change of climate availed him noth- ing. He returned to Toledo in March, 1897, and slowly but surely neared the end of his earthly career. He died October 21, 1900. Father McCarthy was a man of true Apostolic spirit, single-hearted in the performance of his duty, never losing sight of his priestly char- acter, or of the exalted share in the world's work that fell to his lot. He was loved and respected by all ranks and classes in Toledo as a truly good priest, whose influence was for the betterment of those among whom and for whom he labored.
McCLORY, Rev. Augustine (Franciscan), was born in Pittsburg, Pa., November 15, 1847 ; ordained at St. Louis, Mo., for the Franciscan Order, June 29, 1875 ; was in the diocese of Cleveland from January, 1882, to July, 1883, and from January, 1887, to August, 1894, at the Franciscan Monastery as chaplain and confessor of religious institu- tions in the city of Cleveland. He is now stationed at San Francisco, Cal.
McDONALD, Rev. Patrick, a native of Ireland, was born Septem- ber 24, 1855. He made his higher ecclesiastical studies in the Louvain University, and at Rome, where he received the divinity doctorate. He was ordained at Liege, Belgium, for the diocese of Cloyne, April 14, 1879. After filling a number of positions in Ireland and elsewhere he came to the diocese of Cleveland in November, 1888. Shelby and its four missions were assigned to his pastoral care. He left the diocese June 5, 1889.
McGANN, Rev. Francis, was born, 1823, in county Roscommon, Ireland ; came to America in 1837; was received as a student by Bishop Rappe in 1848, and ordained by him September 8, 1850. He was at once appointed pastor of St. Vincent's, Akron, where he remained till August, 1855, meanwhile attending Youngstown and Ravenna (1854-55). He established a parochial school at Akron. Bishop Rappe then recalled him to Cleveland, directing him to attend Rock- port, Berea and Olmsted. Unwilling to accept this appointment he left the diocese of Cleveland and was received by Bishop O'Regan, of Chicago, under whose jurisdiction he remained about two years. Next he was in the diocese of Milwaukee, where, as pastor of Mineral Point, Wis .. he died September 18. 1870.
McGLONE, Rev. J. B., was born in the parish of Glenfarn, diocese of Kilmore, Ireland, December 23, 1853: came with his relatives some years later to America, and for a time lived in the diocese of Provi- dence. He made his ecclesiastical studies at St. Michael's College, Toronto, and Holy Angels' Seminary, near Niagara Falls : was received by Bishop Gilmour as a student for the diocese of Cleveland, January,
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1881, and by him ordained April 1, 1882. His first appointment was as assistant at Holy Name church, Cleveland, where he remained till February, 1883. In the following month he was sent to St. Columba's, Youngstown, as assistant. March, 1884, he became seriously ill, and till his death, at Providence, R. I., August 12, 1884, was unable to do duty.
McGOVERN, Rev. Francis, a native of parish Kinawley, county Cavan, Ireland, was born March 18, 1843. He commenced his studies for the priesthood in his native diocese of Kilmore. In 1868 he came to the United States and entered the Augustinian College at Villanova, Delaware county, Pa., where he remained about one year, when he was admitted to the diocesan seminary of Philadelphia. In. 1873 he was received for the diocese of Cleveland by Bishop Gilmour, who ordained him June 7th of the same year, and then stationed him at the Cathedral as one of the assistants. This position he held for three years, when he was appointed pastor of St. Ann's, Briar Hill. Such he was from June, 1876, till his death (after five weeks' illness), August 28, 1887. While stationed at Briar Hill, he also attended Mineral Ridge and Lowellville as missions till 1881.
MCGRADY, Rev. John H. M. (Dominican), born in 1799, of Irish parentage, was ordained at Cincinnati by Bishop Fenwick in 1822. He had pastoral charge of Dungannon from November, 1830, to February, 1834, residing there as first resident priest from January, 1831, to November, 1833. From Dungannon he also attended, occasionally, Canal Fulton, Canton and Youngstown. He died at St. Rose's, Kentucky, December 27, 1838.
MCGRATH, Rev. John P., a native of Pennsylvania, was born at Pottsville, April 6, 1853. He studied mental philosophy at St. Charles' Seminary, Philadelphia, theology at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, and St. Mary's. Cleveland. Bishop Gilmour ordained him July 1, 1882. and sent him to Defiance to take temporary charge of the church of Our Lady. October, 1882, he was assigned the pastorate of Saline- ville, where he remained till August, 1884. February, 1885, he was sent to Providence. He left this charge and the diocese, December, 1888.
MCGRATH, Rev. Patrick C., born near Mallerav Abbey. Ireland, was ordained for the diocese of Eric by Bishop Mullen in 1869; was received into the diocese of Rochester in 1870, where he remained till 1878, when Bishop Gilmour received him. He was sent to St. Mary's, Tiffin, as assistant to Rev. M. Healy : remained but a few months when he left the diocese of Cleveland and was received by the Bishop of Peoria, whose subject he was till death, July 21, 1883. He died at St. Mary's Hospital, Milwaukee.
MCLAUGHLIN, Rev. Peter, a native of Ireland, was born in 1805. He was ordained at Cincinnati, in 1840, by Bishop Purcell, and sent to Cleveland as its third resident pastor. There he finished St. Mary's church on the Flats, begun by his predecessor, Father O'Dwyer. From Cleveland he attended Avon, 1840-42 ; South Thompson, Akron.
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Cuyahoga Falls, Ravenna and Painesville, 1810-15; and Randolph, occasionally, 1841-42. He left Cleveland in February, 1846, and went to the diocese of Milwaukee, where he remained a short time. He was then received into the diocese of Brooklyn (1854) and later into that of Portland, Me .; died as pastor of Bath, same diocese, March 12, 1861, aged 56 years. His remains are buried in Calvary Cemetery, Portland, Me. "Father Peter," as he was familiarly called, was a man of medium height, stoutly built, and of a strong constitution. Every feature of his countenance indicated force of character. He was to a great extent a "self-made man," having had to undergo almost insur- mountable difficulties to acquire an education. A part of his college course he made while watching and attending to his father's flocks, using his spare time in studying Latin and the higher mathematics. His eloquence attracted great audiences of Catholics and Protestants. Many times on Sundays and on Holydays the church on the Flats was filled to overflowing by people who had come from all parts of the city to hear his learned and impressive sermons. During his pastorate in Cleveland he fought hard among his people against the vice of intem- perance. He established the first total abstinence society in Cleveland, and thus succeeded in reclaiming many from a drunkard's grave. In his zeal for the elevation of his people he went even so far as to go to their homes and teach them how to work, and to be clean and comfort- able. On occasion of public or civic celebrations Father Mclaughlin . was invariably invited as one of the speakers. He was universally respected by the non-Catholic citizens of Cleveland for his zeal, earnest- ness and blunt honesty. He was also a pungent and forcible writer, as evidenced by a series of controversial articles he contributed to the Catholic Telegraph, of Cincinnati, in 1843. For a further account of his pastoral labors the reader is referred to the "Historical Sketch of Early Catholicity in Cleveland, etc.," in the first volume of this work.
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