USA > Ohio > A short history of Ohio > Part 4
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2. Lieutenant-Governor, elected for two years. He is ex- officio president of the senate, and succeeds the Governor in case of disability, death, or removal.
3. Secretary of State, elected for two years. He has charge of and keeps safely all laws and resolutions hereto- fore passed and that shall be passed, countersigns and regis- ters commissions issued by the Governor, prepares rules for county surveyors, publishes the statistics of Ohio, is State sealer, and has charge of the standard weights and measures, publishes the times of holding courts, records articles of in- corporation, etc.
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4. Auditor of State, elected for two years. He is the chief accounting officer of the State; money is drawn from the treasury on his warrant or legal claims, if there is money in the treasury appropriated for the same; he prepares forms and instructions for county auditors, apportions State school funds, causes forfeited lands to be sold, etc.
5. State Treasurer, elected for two years. He is entrusted with the safe keeping of State funds, and with the paying out of the same on the warrant of the State Auditor.
6. Attorney-General, elected for two years. He is to appear for the State in State cases, civil and criminal, in the Supreme Court; is to appear in any court or tribunal in any State case when required by the Governor or General Assembly; is the legal adviser of State officers and the au- thorities of State institutions, of the Legislature, prosecuting attorneys, etc.
7. Commissioner of Common Schools, elected for three years. He must visit teachers' institutes, confer with boards of education and school officers, counsel teachers, visit schools, lecture on educational topics, may require reports from boards of education and auditors, and prepares forms for the same; distributes school laws, investigates com- plaints of the fraudulent use of school money, appoints a board of State examiners, etc.
8. Members of the Board of Public Works, elected for a term of three years. They have charge of the canals and their appurtenances, regulate tolls on the same, collect fines, rents, etc.
9. Judges of the Supreme Court, elected for a term of five years. They must meet annually on the Tuesday after the first Monday of January ; may appoint a law librarian and a reporter. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme
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Court extends only to quo warranto, mandamus, habeas cor_ pus, procedendo. Its appellate jurisdiction extends to judg- ments and decrees of courts created and organized in pur- suance of the provisions of the constitution.
10. Clerk of the Supreme Court, elected for three years. He "shall prepare all needed dockets, and attend all the sessions of the courts, and enter and record all orders, judg- ments and decrees, and proceedings of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court Commission, and issue all needful writs and processes."
II. Circuit Court. The State is divided into seven cir- cuits. The Circuit Court consists of three judges in each circuit, elected for three years. Two terms are required to be held in each county each year. This court has like origi- nal jurisdiction with the Supreme Court. It has also juris- diction in error from the Common Pleas Court to reverse, vacate or modify a judgment or final order of said court, in actions triable therein by jury, and jurisdiction by appeal from said court in cases tried therein in which the right to demand a jury did not exist. Salaries of judges, $4,000 per year.
12. General Assembly. The General Assembly convenes annually on the first Monday of January. It consists of thirty-six Senators and one hundred and eight Representa- tives, elected for two years. A bill becomes a law after re- ceiving the votes of a majority of both branches. Salary of members, $600 a year and twelve cents mileage.
13. United States Circuit Court. The State is divided into two United States districts, a northern and a southern. Each district is divided into an eastern and western division. This court is held in Cleveland, Toledo, Columbus and Cin- cinnati.
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Canals.
Ohio has seven hundred and ninety-six miles of artificial water-ways, including six hundred and fifty-eight miles of canals proper. The first canal was commenced in 1825, and the last one completed in 1842. The total cost was $14,688, - 666, being an average of $18,453 per mile. The Ohio Canal, from Cleveland to Portsmouth, with feeders, is three hun- dred miles long. The Miami and Erie Canal, from Cincin- nati to Toledo, with feeders, is two hundred and ninety-three miles long. St. Mary's reservoir in Mercer County, a feeder of the Miami Canal, is said to be the largest artificial lake in the world. It is about ten miles long, and from two to four miles in width. When it was completed, over one hundred and fifty residents, thinking that it would "tempt miasma," made a breach in the embankment. The grand jury failed to find a bill against the perpetrators.
These canals are still much used in carrying heavy and bulky articles, such as coal, iron, corn, wheat, lumber, and ice.
Railroads .- The Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad was chartered in 1832, and actively begun in 1835. It extended from Dayton to Sandusky, and was completed in 1848.
Three lines extended across the State in 1852. In 1841, there were thirty-six miles of railroad; in 1886, 9,200 miles.
Libraries .- By laws passed in 1853, and in 1860, books were provided for common school libraries. In 1865, there were 350,000 volumes in these libraries, but the books be- came scattered and lost by negligence. By a law passed in 1867, the remaining books were turned over to town library associations. At present all cities and many towns have large public libraries and reading rooms which are main-
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tained by a small tax. There are now two hundred and fifty- two libraries in the State, containing about one million vol- umes.
Ohio in the Civil War.
Ohio sent 517, 133 soldiers into the Rebellion, of which 239,- 976 were three year troops. Ohio saved West Virginia to the Union at the very beginning. Most of the great generals were from Ohio. Among them are: Grant, Rosecrans, Sherman, Sheridan, McPherson, Gilmore, Cox, McDowell, Buell, O. M. Mitchel, Schenck, Garfield, Steedman, Crook, Keifer, and Hayes. Stanton, Lincoln's War Secretary, was born at Steu- benville. Salmon P. Chase was Secretary of the Treasury, and "the father of our National Bank system." Ben Wade and John Sherman were at the head of the most prominent war committees. President Andrews, of Kenyon College, was the first citizen to offer his services to the State.
John Morgan, a dare-devil rebel general, with two thou- sand cavalry, made a raid through Southern Ohio in 1863, destroying bridges and depots, cutting telegraph lines, burn- ing factories and mills, and picking up the best horses. In going around Cincinnati, he traveled ninety miles in thirty- six hours. By these rapid and zigzag marches he eluded the militia, until he attempted to recross the Ohio, near Parkers- burg, where he was captured. He was imprisoned at Col- umbus, but soon escaped.
Common Schools.
Although the first State constitution provided that "schools and the means of instruction shall forever be en- couraged by legislative provision," no bill for the establish- ment of common schools was passed until 1825.
The State now assures to each pupil facilities for attend- ing school six months each year.
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The school year commences on the first day of September.
Legal holidays are Christmas, New Year's Day, May 30th, July 4th, February 22d, and Thanksgiving.
Township high schools may be established, and township superintendents employed.
The State is divided into the following school districts: city districts of the first class, city districts of the second class, village districts, special districts, and township dis- tricts. The township district is divided into sub-districts.
The salary of the State School Commissioner is $2,000, and $500 for traveling expenses. The term of the present Com- missioner, Eli T. Tappan, commenced on the second Mon- day of July, 1887.
Ohio has three State colleges,-Ohio University, Miami University, and Ohio State University. Each had its origin in public land grants, and each has received legislative ap- propriations. Ohio University now has a Normal Depart- ment, established by the legislature in 1886. Ohio has more colleges than any other State.
School Funds. - The constitution provided that one section or the one thirty-sixth part of each township be devoted to the support of the public schools. The proceeds of the sale of these lands go to form a State irreducible fund, and each township gets six per cent. on its share. In case the lands remain unsold, the township gets the rent for the support of its schools.
Schools are supported by,
I. Interest on irreducible fund or rent.
2. A State tax of one mill on the dollar.
3. A contingent fund, not to exceed seven mills on the dollar, levied by boards of education.
4. Money derived from fines, licenses, and dog tax.
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Educational Statistics, 1886.
School age, from 6 to 21 years.
School month, 4 weeks.
Youth of school age, 1, 101,000. Pupils enrolled, 775.000.
Average attendance, 518,000. Teachers employed, 25,000.
Expenditures per year, $10,000,000.
Average weeks of school in State, 31.
Colored youth, 26,000.
School houses, 12,700.
Per cent. of attendance on enrollment, 67.
Per cent. of enrollment on enumeration, 71.
Average cost per capita on the average attendance, $17. Per cent. of applications for certificates rejected, 45. Smallest per cent., in Montgomery County, 14. Largest per cent., in Scioto County, 67.
Colleges and Universities, 37.
Normal schools, 7.
Female institutions, 14.
Professional institutions, 18.
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Educational Institutions, with Date of Founding.
Adelbert College, Wes'n Res. Univ ..
Cleveland .
1826
Antioch College ..
Yellow Spings ... 1852
Baldwin University.
Berea .
1856
Belmont College
College Hill.
1846
Beverly College
Beverly
1842
Buchtel College
Akron
1870
Calvin College.
Brooklyn Village
1873
Capital University
Columbus
1850
Denison University
Granville
1831
Franklin College ...
New Athens.
1825
German Wallace College
Berea ....
1864
Harlem Springs College
Harlem Springs
1858
Hebrew Union College.
Cincinnati.
1873
Heidelberg College
Tiffin .
1850
Hiram College.
Hiram
1867
Hopedale Normal College
Hopedale
1852
Kenyon College ...
Gambier
1824
Marietta College.
Marietta
1835
Miami University.
Oxford
1809
Mount Union College.
Mount Union
1846
Muskingum College
New Concord
1837
National Normal University
Lebanon
1855
Oberlin College. .
Oberlin
1833
Ohio State University.
Columbus
1870
Ohio University
Athens.
1804
Ohio Wesleyan University
Delaware.
1842
Otterbein University
Westerville.
1847
Rio Grande College ..
Rio Grande
1876
Saint Joseph College
Cincinnati
1873
Saint Xavier College.
Cincinnati
1831
Scio College.
Scio
1866
The University of Wooster
Wooster
1868
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati
1870
Urbana University ...
Urbana
1850
Wilberforce University.
Wilberforce
1856
Wilmington College
Wilmington.
1870
Wittenberg College ..
Springfield
1845
Findlay College
Findlay
1886
Northeastern Ohio Normal School.
Canfield
1881
Ohio Normal University
Ada.
1871
Twin Valley College
Germantown
1886
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Cincinnati Riot in 1884-Many citizens of Cincinnati were indignant because juries had failed to convict certain mur- derers. After a meeting in Music Hall on the evening of March 26, a mob went to the jail for the purpose of hang- ing a prisoner, but the man was secretly sent to Columbus. The mob tried to batter down the doors, and set the jail on fire. This was the beginning of a six days' riot in which the court-house was burned, forty-five people killed, and one hundred and thirty-eight wounded. The State militia was called out, but was, for a time, powerless.
Natural Gas. - The recent discovery of natural gas in many parts of the State may prove to be the beginning of a new era in manufacturing
Ohio River Floods .- In February, 1884, a general thaw and heavy rains caused the Ohio River to overflow its banks to an unusual extent. The destruction of property was great, and many lives were lost. Much of Cincinnati, including the gas works, was under water. At night the city was in darkness. The flood reached its climax on the 14th, when the river was seventy-one feet and three fourths of an inch above the low water mark.
Dow Law of 1886 .- Local Option .- This law imposes a tax of two hundred dollars a year on saloons; makes it unlawful to sell liquor to minors, and empowers municipal corpora- tions to prohibit the sale entirely within their corporate lim- its. Druggists may sell only on a physician's prescription or for mechanical purposes.
Facts About Ohio .- The "Buckeye State."-Latitude, 38º 26' to 41º 57' north.
Longitude, 80° 34' to 84° 49' west.
Greatest length from north to south, 225 miles.
Greatest breath from east to west, 200 miles.
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Area, 41,060 square miles.
Average annual rain fall, 39 inches.
Average annual temperature, 51º.
Average elevation above the sea, 700 feet. Highest point, in Logan County, 1,540 feet.
Lowest point, on the Ohio River, near Cincinnati, 433 feet. Elevation of Lake Erie, 575 feet.
Rain-fall at Cincinnati, 44 inches.
Rain-fall at Lake Erie, 32 inches.
Number of United States representatives in Congress, 21.
Number of electoral votes, 23.
Square miles of coal measures, 11,000.
Number of counties, 88.
Population in 1800, 45, 365.
Population in 1810, 230,760.
Population in 1880, 3, 198, 062.
The Ohio River extends along the southern border 436 miles.
Lake Erie has an Ohio shore line of 230 miles.
Population to square mile, 78.
Periodicals in 1886, 903.
Yearly death rate per 1,000 13.3.
Volunteers in Mexican War, 5,536.
Center of population of the United States, in 1880, eight miles west of Cincinnati.
The first law assessing a school tax was passed in 1825.
The first mail route through the interior was established over "Zane's trace " (226 miles) in 1799. Postage was from 614 to 25 cents, according to distance. Stamps were not in use. Under the old laws postage was not required to be paid in advance, but if it was prepaid the word "paid " was written on the outside of the letter by the postmaster. In
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like manner the amount of postage was written on the corner of the letter.
Churches, 7,500.
Public charitable institutions, 317.
Value of taxable property (1885), $1,670,079, 868.
Value of other property (1885), $78,000,000.
Rate of State tax, 2.9.
County taxes in 1885, $8,527,843.
City taxes, $7,771,601.
School taxes, $7,771,000.
Township taxes, $1, 152,000; total taxes, $33,944, 828.
Dogs taxed $1 each, 207,393.
Colored population in 1880, 80,000. Indian, 130.
Legal interest rate, 6 per cent; by contract, 8 per cent. Number of voters, 816,577.
Rank in agricultural implements and wool, I.
In petroleum, iron, steel, wealth, and railroads, 2.
In wheat, sheep, coal, liquors, and population, 3.
In printing and publishing, salt, and soap, 4.
In milch cows, hogs, horses, hay, tobacco, and manufac- turing, 5.
In area, 32; in age, 17.
Number of farms, 250,000.
Population of Cincinnati, the "Queen City of the West," 255,000.
Population of Cleveland, 160,000.
The Ohio Teachers' Association was organized at Akron, in 1847.
The first steamboat that navigated the Ohio River, the " Orleans," was built at Pittsburg, in 1811, and made her first trip to New Orleans in 1812. It was several years later, however, before steamboats came into general use.
The first religious newspaper published in America was issued at Chillicothe, in 1814, and called The Recorder.
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In 1834, the first steam-power printing press set up in the West was established at Cincinnati, for the publication of the Gazette.
Governors of Ohio.
1. Arthur St. Clair, Territorial. 1787-1802
2. Charles W. Byrd, Territorial 1802-1803
3. Edward Tiffin, State 1803-1807
4. Thomas Kirker, (acting) 1807-1803
5. Samuel Huntington. 1808-1810
6. Return J. Meigs. 1810-1814
7. O. Looker, (acting) 1814 --
8. Thomas Worthington 1814-1818
9. Ethan Allen Brown 1818-1822
10. Allen Trimble, (acting) 1822-
11. Jeremiah Morrow 1822-1826
12. Allen Trimble.
1826-1830
13. Duncan McArthur
14. Robert Lucas. 1836-1838
15. Joseph Vance. 1838-1840
16. Wilson Shannon 1840-1842
17. Thomas Corwin 1842-1844
18. Wilson Shannon
1844-
19. Thomas W. Bartley, (acting)
20. Mordecai Bartley
1844-1846
21. William Webb 1846-1849
22. Seabury Ford. 1849-1850
23. Reuben Wood. 1850-1853
24. William Medill 1853-1856
25. Salmon P. Chase 1856-1860
26. William Dennison. 1860-1862
27. David Tod. 1862-1864
28. John Brough
1864-1865
29. Charles Anderson, (acting)
1865-1866
30. J. D. Cox
1866-1868
31. R. B. Hayes
1868-1872
32. Edward F. Noyes. 1872-1874
33. William Allen
1874-1876
34. R. B. Hayes 1876-1878
1878-1880
35. R. M. Bishop
36. Charles Foster 1880-1884
37. George Hoadly 1884-1886
38. J. B. Foraker. 1886 --
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1830-1832
1832-1836
Counties and County Seats.
Adams
West Union.
Licking
Newark.
Allen.
Lima.
Logan
Ashland
Ashland.
Lorain
Bellefontaine. Elyria.
Ashtabula
Jefferson.
Lucas.
Toledo.
Athens.
Athens.
Madison
London.
Auglaize
Wapakoneta.
Mahoning
Youngstown.
Belmont
St. Clairsville.
Marion
Marion.
Brown
Georgetown.
Medina
Medina.
Butler
Hamilton.
Meigs
Pomeroy.
Carroll
Carrollton.
Mercer
Celina.
Champaign
Urbana.
Miami
Troy.
Clarke ..
Springfield.
Monroe
Woodsfield.
Clermont.
Batavia.
Montgomery ...
Dayton.
Clinton
Wilmington.
Morgan
McConnellsville.
Columbiana
New Lisbon.
Morrow.
Mt. Gilead.
Coshocton.
Coshocton.
Muskingum
Zanesville.
Crawford.
Bucyrus.
Noble ...
Caldwell.
Cuyahoga
Cleveland.
Ottawa
Port Clinton.
Darke
Greenville.
Paulding
Paulding.
Defiance
Defiance.
Perry
New Lexington.
Delaware
Delaware.
Pickaway
Circleville.
Erie
Sandusky.
Pike
Waverly.
Fairfield
Lancaster.
Portage.
Ravenna.
Fayette
Washington C. H. Columbus.
Putnam
Ottawa.
Fulton
Wauseon.
Richland
Mansfield.
Gallia
Gallipolis.
Ross
Chillicothe.
Geauga
Chardon.
Sandusky
Fremont.
Greene.
Xenia.
Scioto
Portsmouth.
Guernsey
Cambridge.
Seneca
Tiffin.
Hamilton
Cincinnati.
Shelby
Sidney.
Hancock
Findlay.
Stark
Canton.
Hardin.
Kenton.
Summit.
Akron.
Harrison
Cadiz.
Trumbull
Warren.
Henry
Napoleon.
Tuscarawas
New Philadelphia.
Highland
Hillsboro.
Union
Marysville.
Hocking
Logan.
Van Wert.
Van Wert.
Holmes
Millersburg.
Vinton
McArthur.
Huron.
Norwalk.
Warren.
Lebanon.
Jackson.
Jackson.
Washington
Marietta.
Jefferson
Steubenville.
Wayne
Wooster.
Knox
Mt. Vernon.
Williams
Bryan.
Lake
Painesville.
Wood.
Bowling Green.
Lawrence
Ironton.
Wyandot
Upper Sanudsky.
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Preble
Eaton.
Franklin
A HISTORY OF OHIO.
COMPLETE ! P' iEF ! COMPREHENSIVE !
PUBLISHED BY THE
Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society.
As has been announced, this society will publish in March a brief History of Ohio, a volume of some 250 pages, in form similar to the school histories now in use. The book has been written by
GEO. W. KNICHT, Professor of HISTORY AND EN-
GLISH LITERATURE, in the OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY.
It is not only well adapted for use in schools, but is a valuable book for the library and the general reader. It will be sold at the low price of
FIFTY CENTS PER COPY.
A LIMITED EDITION only will be issued, hence those who wish copies should not delay. Like all publications of the Society, the work will be SENT FREE TO MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY.
For Circulars, Information, etc., Address,
A. 27
sq., Secretary,
COLUMBUS, OHIO.
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١
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