USA > Ohio > Washington County > Marietta > Catalogue of the officers and students in Marietta College, v. 2 > Part 2
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tax are recommended as works of reference. The history of the development of French from the Latin is briefly considered, and the principal laws of derivation are ap- plied in determining the etymology of words. Special work will be assigned to any student who may have time and a desire to do more in this department than the regu- lar class work.
MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY
PROFESSOR MITCHELL
The first branch of Mathematics studied in the Fresh- man year is Geometry. Four lessons a week during the fall term of fifteen weeks are given to the subject, begin- ning with Book IV of Newcomb's Elements of Geome- try. Particular attention is given to the numerous theo- rems for original demonstration by the student; and to a limited extent the student's power of investigation is brought out by being led to discover some simple theo- rems from assigned figures.
Algebra is pursued during the winter term with five lessons a week. The course begins with a thorough re- view of the subject of simultaneous equations, during which is given a brief description of determinants togeth- er with their relation to the subject in hand. Then the advanced course of Newcomb's text-book is pursued for the remainder of the term, especial prominence being given to the theory of probabilities and the general theory of equations.
The third term of eleven weeks is given to Plane Trig- onometry and Surveying, as presented in Wentworth's
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DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION
text-book. Each student has some practice in triangula- tion and in the measurement of areas, and considerable practice in drawing to scale.
In the Sophomore year, a short course in Spherical Trigonometry is given, sufficient to lead to the solution of some simple problems in geodesy, and to the intelligent study of mathematical astronomy.
The remainder of the fall term is spent upon Went- worth's text-book in Analytic Geometry. Lectures are given in connection with the straight line and the circle. When the conic sections are taken up, the class is divided into two divisions and an hour in the class room is given to each division. The method of individual study and in- struction is then employed. Each student is urged to make as rapid progress as his time and ability will permit, and no student is allowed to pass over what he does not understand. The study is continued in the same way during the winter term, especial attention being given to the theorems for exercise in demonstration.
The third term of the Sophomore year is given to Ele- mentary Mechanics. Dana's text-book is used, supple- mented by lectures on some of the topics. The subject of projectiles is treated by lectures in such a way as to utilize the student's knowledge of analytic geometry. Especial effort is made to aid the student in acquiring ac- curate ideas of dynamics, and to this end he is questioned and encouraged to ask questions about the most common examples of force and motion.
In the Junior year, Mathematical studies are elective. For those students who elect the Calculus, the individual method of instruction will be employed. In the review, attention is devoted to the different ways of developing
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the fundamental theorems of this highest exemplification of mathematical analysis, and their logical relations are pointed out. It is expected that after two terms of study, with the solution of numerous exercises and problems in geometry and mechanics, the student will have a fair working knowledge of the subject, and will be prepared to enter upon the advanced study of mechanics and phys- ics. As introductory to this advanced study, Tait and Steele's Dynamics of a Particle will be taken up the last term of the year.
ASTRONOMY comes in the fall term and the text-book used is Newcomb and Holden's. The students have the use of an excellent 61/4 inch telescope, equatorially mount- ed and furnished with a Bond spring-governor. The plan is to give each student as much practice in measurements with the transit, the sextant, and the telescope, as the weather and other circumstances will permit, together with the opportunity to become somewhat familiar with the telescopic appearance of the sun, the moon, the larger planets, and some prominent nebulæ and star-clusters.
In the study of the text-book, especial prominence is given to the applications of spherical trigonometry, to Newton's demonstration from Kepler's Laws of the law of solar attraction, and to the methods of measuring the masses and distances in the solar system. It is conceived that the mastery of the steps which lead up to the infer- ence of the Law of Universal Gravitation, the grandest of scientific conclusions, is of the highest educational value.
Toward the close of the term a course of lectures will be given on the physics of the stars, illustrated by maps of the solar and star spectra.
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DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION
NATURAL SCIENCE-PROFESSOR BISCOE
PHYSICS
In the winter term of the Junior year the student takes up in regular course the study of Physics, beginning with Magnetism and Statical Electricity. The College is pro- vided with a substantial outfit of electrical apparatus, suit- able for lecture illustrations. All the important facts of electric action can be exhibited.
The plan of instruction provides for a thorough study of the subject by the student from his text-book in prep- aration for the daily recitation. It is felt that the object to be aimed at in these daily recitations is three-fold : (1) to make sure that the student shall be faithful and diligent in the use of his time allotted to study, which end is, in a measure, secured by the consciousness on the part of the student that his work is to be passed in review before his fellow-classmates and his instructor; (2) to reveal to each student the extent of his grasp of the subject, to lead him to see how far he can himself apply principles to the ex- planation of facts, when these are presented in new rela- tions; (3) to make clear to the student things which are obscure, to give assistance when it is seen to be needed, to suggest the connecting steps leading from what he already knows to that which is unknown, and to give new infor- mation as it may seem called for.
These objects are attained through a close and careful questioning of each student in turn. The greatest free- dom is encouraged in the statement of difficulties on the part of the student and all questions seeking further in- formation secure careful attention.
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In connection with the review, lectures are given, de- signed to include all experiments previously studied in the text-book together with such additional matter as can be given in the time allotted.
Following these subjects, Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, and Acoustics are taken up and the same general plan of in- struction is followed. These occupy the time (four exer- cises per week ) through the winter term. One half the summer term (four exercises per week ) is devoted to the study of Light, and one half the first term of the Senior year (five exercises per week) to the remaining topics of Physics, viz., Heat and Dynamic Electricity. The text- book used is Kimball's revision of Olmsted's College Philosophy.
PHYSIOLOGY
The course of study in Natural Science begins in the first term of the Sophomore year with Human Physiolo- gy. The anatomical structure of the body, as regards its more important organs, is illustrated by the dissection of the corresponding parts of the common domestic animals in the class room. As supplementary to such investiga- tion, carefully prepared photographs of parts too difficult for class room dissection are projected on the screen with the calcium light. The instruction is given mainly in con- nection with regular recitations. " Martin's Human Body " is the text-book used. During the course, microscopic preparatious of the important tissues are examined with the aid of a good, working microscope, made by Crouch of London, provided with suitable objectives, polari- scope, etc.
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DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION
BOTANY
Among the different Natural History Sciences in which description and classification hold so important a place, Botany furnishes the best opportunity for the study of the principles of classification as applied in natural science. The object of the course in Botany is to make the student familiar with the character of different representative plants, that the whole plan of classification may be com- prehended, and he may gradually come to appreciate the value of different organs, as the basis of groupings of higher and lower orders, as parts of the general scheme. In attaining this end as much field work as possible is to be done by the student. The text-books used are Gray's. The study is taken up in the spring term of the Junior year. During the course the minute tissues will be ex- amined with the microscope, and, by the aid of photo- graphs and the optical lantern, a sketch of the lower ranks of the vegetable kingdom be given.
CHEMISTRY
Chemistry is taught both by text-book and laboratory exercises. Ample accommodations for individual work by the student are provided. The course includes: first, instruction in general Chemistry illustrated by experi- mental work, performed partly by the teacher and partly by the student; and, secondly, a course of qualitative analysis in which each student works by himself the ac- tual analysis. The plan pursued secures first a knowledge of the general methods of qualitative analysis, and then practice is given in the determination of unknown solu- tions of one or more metals, followed by work on un-
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known substances in the solid condition. The general Chemistry occupies the equivalent of one term, though divided between the fall and winter terms. The analyti- cal work occupies one half a term and is optional.
GEOLOGY
The course in Geology occupies the equivalent of one term. The mineralogical and geological collections of the College, furnish ample material for illustration. The cabinet is especially rich in specimens illustrating the pe- trology and paleontology of Ohio, having the collections made by Prof. E. B. Andrews, formerly in charge of this department, and later, on the Geological survey of the State. A large and finely arranged collection of modern shells is exceedingly valuable, both in its illustration of the molluscan sub-kingdom, and in the help it gives to an un- derstanding of the paleontology of the Paleozoic rocks which constitute the strata of Ohio and the neighboring parts of adjacent states.
The college library contains all the general government reports on geology and most of the state reports, with their elaborate topographical and stratigraphical maps, and carefully executed plates illustrative of the fossils so abundant in the ancient life of our country.
PHILOSOPHY AND RHETORIC-PROFESSOR BEACH
INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY
The work in this department runs nearly through the Senior year. It begins with the study of a text-book on the Intellect, usually Porter's Elements, with collateral
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DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION
work in other authors, issuing in essays and discussions. The remaining parts of Psychology, those pertaining to Sensibility and Will, are usually presented in lectures with assignment of collateral work in various authors.
MORAL PHILOSOPHY
The work in Moral Science begins with a few lectures on the Knowledge of Moral Law, and is carried on by the study of a text-book on Theoretical and Practical Ethics. ' On the latter subject the effort is made to awaken interest by class discussions which may lead to wider reading and deeper reflection. This study is followed by a course of lectures on the History of Greek Ethical Philosophy.
ENGLISH LITERATURE
The aim in this department is three-fold: to furnish an outline of English Literature itself; to trace the historical development of that literature as part of the life of the English people; and to make such a beginning in the ac- tual study of typical authors as shall be a discipline to the student as well as a stimulus and guide to future reading. To this end, the plan is to carry the study through a good part of the college course, with the hope that much of the reading done by the student, after the first year, may be collateral to this work.
RHETORIC
The work of Composition is introduced by the study of an elementary text-book in the Freshman year, accom- panied by written and oral exercises illustrating the prin-
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ciples taught. After that, essays are required throughout the course, each student reading a composition in the class once a month. By the use of a more advanced text-book in the Junior year further instruction is given in Argu- mentative Composition and the Art of Oratory.
Each student is required to participate in the public Rhetorical exercises in the Chapel; the two lower classes speaking declamations and the upper classes written ora- tions, with previous drill in each case. In the Senior year there are also class debates in which training in extempo- raneous speaking is gained.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY-EX-PRESIDENT ANDREWS
The subjects of Civil Government, Political Economy, and International Law have held from the first a promi- nent place among the studies pursued at this institution. The idea has been that a fair knowledge of these branches was indispensable to the man of liberal education, prepar- ing him measurably for the proper discharge of such pub- lic trusts as might be devolved upon him, furnishing him a foundation on which to build in subsequent years, and making him an interested observer of the social and polit- ical events of his time, as well as enabling him to under- stand and interpret these events for himself and others.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
This subject is taken up in the second term of the Junior year, and five exercises a week are given to it. It is placed thus early in the course for the benefit of the
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DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION
student in discussions and essays, which are so largely on subjects of a political and social character.
The general subject of government is approached through that of our own Nation, the Constitution of the United States being carefully studied in its principles as well as in the legislation in which they have been embodied. Large attention is given to the practical workings of the Constitution as shown in our governmental history. That the student should get a clear idea of the two-fold nature of our government, National and State, discriminating it from all others, is deemed of great importance.
POLITICAL ECONOMY
The Seniors devote five exercises a week to this subject during the second term. A text-book is used, but there is a free discussion of principles, and the student is en- couraged to bring his own powers of thought to bear upon every point. The existence of economic laws is not be- lieved to be incompatible with diversity of opinion as to questions of national polity. The class-room is not re- garded as the proper place for the dogmatic spirit of the partisan that can see nothing of good in the other side. Supplementary lectures are given on special topics, in ad- dition to the full commentary work-historical and illus- trative-of the daily exercise. To the subject of money a series of lectures has been devoted, presenting fully its history as well as discussing its theory.
INTERNATIONAL LAW
The last term of the Senior year-five exercises a week -has been devoted to this subject. Though not as im-
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mediately practical as the others named, its influence on the mind of the student is elevating and healthful, bring- ing before him large questions and lifting him out of the range of the narrow and petty.
'In the arrangement of work Dr. Andrews has also had charge of the instruction in Logic and in the History of Civilization, which two subjects have occupied the Seniors one exercise each day during the first term.
BIBLE STUDIES
The first recitation hour each Monday morning is de- voted to the study of some portion of the New Testa- ment. Students pursuing the Classical Course use the Greek text; other students use the English or German version. They also make use of Maclear's N. T. History during the Freshman and Sophomore years.
NOTE ON INSTRUCTION
The instruction in the four college classes is given wholly by permanent Professors. The preparatory work is kept separate, being done in the Academy by the Prin- cipal and his assistants; and the Professors are thus en- abled to give their entire time to the collegiate work in their several departments.
All the classes are examined near the close of each term. The examinations are usually both oral and written.
The examination results are combined with the recita- tion averages in the determination of the grades. In making up these averages there is no preference of one
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DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION
branch of study over another, but the estimate is made according to the time devoted to each study.
Reports of standing and punctuality will be sent to parents when requested.
LECTURES 1805849
In addition to the regular class-room instruction, lec- tures, open also to the public, are given on alternate Wednesday afternoons in the college chapel by members of the Faculty and other lecturers. Since the publication of the Catalogue for 1886-1887 the following lectures have been delivered :
The Netherlands and the Reformation
Religion and Politics
REV. C. E. DICKINSON REV. W. J. COLEMAN
Temperance and Freedom REV. H. C. HASKELL REV. G. R. GEAR
Primitive Man
The Existence and Personality of God REV. DR. BOYD The Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia of the Adoption of the Constitution DR. ANDREWS
Lucretius and Epicureanism PROFESSOR CHAMBERLIN Confucius REV. CHARLES A. STANLEY The Reading of English Literature in College
DR. BEACH
Books and Our Use of Them PRESIDENT EATON Eyes, Their Structure and Development in the Animal Kingdom PROFESSOR BISCOE
The Stars Archæology
PROFESSOR MITCHELL PROFESSOR PHILLIPS
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GRADUATE STUDY
Arrangements have been made to meet an increasing de- mand for admission to graduate courses, and applicants have already entered upon the work. In the case of non-resident students, three years of study, completing a course marked out by the Faculty and pursued under their direction, to- gether with the presentation of a satisfactory Thesis, en- titles college graduates to enter an examination on the same for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Three years is the minimum time required of non-resident can- didates, and in the case of students not well prepared to enter on a chosen course, or whose occupation is too ex- acting, the term of candidacy will need to be prolonged.
It is understood that the degree will be given only on the ground of high attainment in some branch of knowl- edge, manifested both by examinations and by a thesis showing original investigation or original treatment of a subject.
For Alumni of Marietta, the oversight of such work, the examinations, and the diploma will be without expense except a matriculation fee of ten dollars. To others an additional fee of twenty-five dollars will be charged.
When regular instruction is desired, moderate charges will be made according to the amount of instruction.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
LOCATION
The College is located at Marietta, at the mouth of the Muskingum, where the first settlement of the " Territory northwest of the river Ohio " was made on the seventh of April, 1788. The institution was founded by the sons of the pioneers, among whom were an unus- ual number of men of liberal education. It is accessible by steamers on the Ohio and Muskingum rivers and by the Cincinnati, Washington & Baltimore, the Baltimore & Ohio, the Cleveland & Marietta, the Ohio River, the Marietta, Columbus & Northern, the Wheeling & Lake Erie and the Zanesville & Ohio River Railroads.
WORSHIP
Prayers are attended every morning in the College Chapel, when all the students are required to be present.
On the Sabbath the students worship with the people of the city, each student attending regularly such one of the churches as his parents or guardian may select.
PUNCTUALITY
The amount of work required of the student is suf- ficient to occupy him every day from the beginning of
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the session to its close. Any absence, therefore, for whatever reason, causes a serious loss to the student, and excuses cannot be granted except in cases of unavoida- ble absence. The good of each student, as well as the interests of the College as a whole, makes the rule of punctuality imperative.
The attention of parents and guardians is especially called to the importance of seeing that the student is not delayed in his return at the beginning of the term, and that he is not interrupted by absence during term time save for the most urgent reasons. Nor must self-imposed work be allowed to interfere with college duties.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
The College occupies an entire square in a retired and quiet part of Marietta, and yet is within a short distance of the Post Office and the business portion of the city. On the grounds are four buildings erected for the various purposes of the institution.
The Dormitory building has some thirty rooms for the use of students. The Greek Recitation Room is in this building; also the Room of the Young Men's Christian Association.
The Central building has a Laboratory, Mathematical Room, the President's Recitation Room, the Latin Room, the Rhetorical Room, "Hildreth Cabinet," "Slocomb Hall," and the Halls of the Alpha Kappa and Psi Gamma Societies.
The "Hildreth Cabinet" contains the various collections of minerals, shells, etc., made by the late Dr. S. P. Hil- dreth, and presented by him to the College.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
The collections of minerals, shells, fossils, etc., etc., are large and valuable. In the cabinet is a large meteoric stone, one of the four or five largest known to exist.
The first story of the North building-erected by the former students of the College-is occupied as a Chapel, and by the two Literary Societies for their Libraries. The two Library Rooms are fitted up and furnished with much taste.
The whole of the second story is for the College Li- brary, the room being seventy-five feet by forty-eight feet, and twenty feet high. There are twenty-five al- coves, each lighted by its own window.
The preparatory Department occupies a separate build- ing. It contains, besides the large room used for study and recitations by the Principal, a number of smaller rec- itation rooms, a hall for the Academy Literary Society, and a number of lodging rooms for students.
THE LIBRARIES
The various libraries of the College contain over 40,000 volumes of well selected books. In the depart- ment of American history, particularly that of Ohio, the library is very valuable; and when enriched by certain other collections of books, pamphlets, and manuscripts, in accordance with the expressed purpose of their owners, it will have few equals in this department.
The College Library is open on week days to students and to the public from eight to eleven and from one to half-past three. One alcove is provided with standard reference books which are always accessible, and the tables are supplied with numerous magazines and newspapers.
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MARIETTA COLLEGE
LITERARY SOCIETIES
There are two Literary Societies-the Alpha Kappa and Psi Gamma. These Societies have commodious and handsomely furnished Halls, and large and well selected Libraries, the two containing 11,000 volumes. Their ex- ercises, consisting of debates, orations-written and ex- temporaneous-and declamations, together with their public representation, and their practice in the work of organizing a deliberative assembly and carrying on its proceedings-a training of rapidly increasing importance -constitute one of the most important features of the College course.
Y. M. C. A.
Early in the history of the College the Christian stu- dents organized the Society of Inquiry. Its object was to increase the interest in Missions and to do religious work. Precious revivals were experienced, and among prominent laborers in mission fields are to be found the names of some of Marietta's Alumni.
In 1884 the Society of Inquiry changed its constitution for that of a College Y. M. C. A. The Association has steadily increased in numbers and its members have felt a deeper interest in religious work. In ISS5 pleasant rooms on the first floor of South Hall were fitted up tastefully by the Association, in which its regular meetings are held.
Every Monday evening a half hour prayer meeting is held, which is missionary in character once each month. On Friday evening an Academy prayer meeting is held in the Y. M. C. A. rooms.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS
The general Alumni Association occupies Tuesday of commencement week, with its annual meeting, address, poem, and dinner. The officers for the current year are as follows :- President, Rev. Chas. Little, D. D .; Vice President, Gen. R. R. Dawes; Recording Secretary, Prof. O. H. Mitchell; Corresponding Secretary and Treas- urer, S. J. Hathaway; Executive Committee, John Mills, Esq., Principal M. R. Andrews, Supt. C. K. Wells.
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