USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Centennial history of Cincinnati and representative citizens, Vol. I, Pt. 1 > Part 62
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He visited Cincinnati again in June, 1791, and then agreed to return for a year. An armed es- cort including Daniel Doty of Columbia and a man named French set out from Cincinnati to convoy Kemper and his family from Dyck's River. They traveled through the deep woods along a trace where two men had been killed by the Indians but a week before.
Kemper and his family reached Cincinnati October 25 or 26, 1791, about nine days before St. Clair's defeat. Almost immediately after- wards came the fearful panic of this defeat and the newly arrived clergyman was most prom- inent in his efforts to give succor to the sick, wounded and weary, and encouragement to the frightened populace. At the stated session of the Presbytery, April 2, 1792, it was ordered "that Mr. Kemper supply one Sabbath at the North Bend of the Miami, and that he supply the rest of his time at Columbia, Cincinnati, and Round Bottom. That Mr. Rice supply at the Miami settlement two Sabbaths."
After his first year's service in this capacity, on October 2, 1792, a formal call was extended to Rev. Mr. Kemper by the united congregations of Cincinnati and Columbia, and on October 22nd and 23rd he was ordained as pastor of the
church at those two points by Revs. David Rice, James Connel and Terah Templin, who consti- tuted the Presbytery of Transylvania, and had been escorted by an armed convoy from Dan- ville to Cincinnati by way of Limestone.
Kemper's personal appearance is describedby his grandson, as follows: "When he came to Cincinnati, he measured five feet nine inches, weighed one hundred and sixty pounds, and was full of health, strength and endurance. He wore knee breeches, silver knee and shoe buckles, three high collars to his coat, a queue, a volum- inous neckcloth, and was a careful dresser. He was unsurpassed as a horseman. He was win- ning in his manners and slow to speak. His eye was dark, commanding and attractive. His countenance was open, serious, preoccupied and expectant. His personal appearance attracted at- tention. He was not pretentious, brilliant nor profound, but plain, simple, unassuming, ready and reliable, and endued with an exquisite com- mon sense. He shrank from personal contro- versy yet never chose the line of least resistance for its own sake. In his family he was quiet, gentle, reserved, and obeyed. In his habits he was regular, abstemious, temperate, and a total abstainer from spirits and tobacco. He was hopeful and cheerful, never cast down." (Rev. James Kemper by Dr. A. C. Kemper.)
Kemper wrote of the church at Cincinnati as being still unorganized because they thought the number of male members too small to select a promising session and that the church consisted of six males and two females in Columbia and Cincinnati. The date of the informal organiza- tion is variously stated as October 16, 1790, and August 20, 1791. Eight persons constituted the first society-Joseph Reeder, Annie Reeder, Jacob Reeder, Samuel Sering, Sarah Sering, David Kitchel, Jonathan Ticknor, and Isaac Morris. On September 5, 1793, the number had increased to 19 adult male members from whom were selected five ruling elders and two deacons. At the time of Kemper's arrival October 17. 1791, it had been agreed that the organization should attempt to raise seven hundred dollars which should be used in building a meeting house on the corner of Fourth and Main streets from the timber upon the lot. A subscription paper .was started on January 17, 1792, as follows :
"We, the subscribers, for the purpose of erect- ing a house of public worship in the village of Cincinnati, to the use of the Presbyterian de- nomination, do severally bind ourselves and ex-
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CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF CINCINNATI
.
ecutors, firmly, and by these presents, the several sums of money and commutations in labor re- spectively annexed to our names, to be paid to John Ludlow, Jacob Reeder, James Lyon, Moses Miller, John Thorpe, and William McMillan, or either of them their heirs or administrators, trustees appointed for the business of superin- tending the building aforesaid, payments to be made as follows: One-third part of our sev- eral subscriptions to be paid so soon as the tim- bers requisite for the aforesaid building may be collected on the ground where the said house is to be built. Another third when the said house is framed and raised. And the other third part when the aforesaid house may be under cover and weather-boarded. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names, on the day affixed to our names."
The following list of subscribers is interesting as it seems to constitute almost a directory of the inhabitants :
John Ludlow,
James Bury, Thomas Gibson,
Jacob Rceder,
James Lyon,
Henry Taylor,
Moses Miller, Elias Wallen,
John Thorpe,
Thomas Cochran,
John P. Smith,
David E. Wade,
John Bartle, J. Mercer,
James Brady,
Joel Williams,
William Miller,
Levi Woodward,
James Reynolds,
William Woodward,
Thomas Brown,
Jeremiah Ludlow,
Matthew Deasy,
James Demint,
Richard Benham,
Ensign William H. Harri- son, Margaret Rusk,
John Cutter,
Joseph Lloyd,
Samuel Martin,
Nehemiah Hunt,
Moses Jones,
Cornelius Miller, Abr. Boston,
Winthrop Sargent,
Gabriel Cox,
Captain Mahlon Ford,
Samucl Pierson,
M. McDonogh,
Daniel Bates,
Matthias Burns,
Jabez Wilson,
James Lowry,
John Adams,
James Cunningham,
Jantes Miller,
Major Joseph Shaylor,
Seth Cutter, S. Miller,
H. Marks,
John Lyon,
Ezekiel Sayre,
James McKane,
W. Elwes,
Daniel Hole,
Benjamin Valentine, Asa Peck, Robert Hurd,
John Darragh,
Samuel Dick,
Daniel C. Cooper,
Robert Benham,
Francis Kennedy,
Joseph Shaw,
General Jamies Wilkinson,
Isaac Felty,
Dr. Richard Allison,
James Wallace,
Ensign John Wade,
Robert Caldwell,
Samuel Kitehell,
Jonathan Davies,
Samuel Williams,
Thomas Ellis, David Logan,
Daniel Shoemaker,
, David Long,
John Blanchard,
Joseph Spencer,
Benjamin Jennings,
James Blackburn,
John Gaston,
J. Mentzies, James Kremer,
Jonas Seaman,
Reuben Roe, W. H. Mills,
John Cummins, Matthew Winton,
Elliott & Williams,
Samuel Gilman,
Thomas McGrath, John Dixon.
The highest subscription is said to have been eight dollars, most of them were two or three dollars. Those who could not give money con- tributed materials or labor. The building has already been described in this chapter.
Previous to the erection of this building, meetings had been held at private houses and at the horse-mill on Vine below Third at the foot of the hill. John Smith, the Baptist preacher from Columbia (afterwards Senator), had preached a number of times to the settlement. The ground itself had already been used as a graveyard. The title to the land remained in the government until the time of the patent to Symmes who afterwards on December 28, 1797, conveyed the lots to Moses Miller, John Thorpe, John Ludlow, James Lyon, William McMillan, David E. Wade and Jacob Reeder, trustees for the Presbyterian congregation of Cincinnati. This title was afterwards assailed but was confirmed almost a half century afterwards by the Su- preme Court. In the very month after the com- pletion of the building it was used as a court house and here in October, 1792, John or James Mays was tried for murder and sentenced to hang, the first to undergo that sentence in the settlement.
Another important event of somewhat dissim- ilar character was the installation of Mr. Kem- per as pastor on October 23rd. At the same time the Presbytery of Transylvania held its an- nual meeting in Cincinnati, the first meeting of an ecclesiastical body in the town.
On June 11, 1794, another subscription paper was circulated "to finish the meeting house, to pale the door-yard and fence in the burying- ground." The list of subscribers to this paper is also preserved and is valuable as giving the names of many of the early citizens of the town :
Moses Miller $ 8.00
Jacob Reeder 8.00
James Lyon 5.00
James Kemper 8,00
Benjamin Fitzgerald, James Kemper, Isaac Batcs,
Alexander McCoy, David Hole,
William Miner,
Captain William Peters,
James McKnight,
J. Gilbreath,
William McMillan,
James Richards,
H. Wilson,
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
John Lyon
2.00
Michael Fox
1.00
Ezra Fitz Freeman 2.00
James Ferguson
5.00
David E. Wadc 10.00
Miss Henderson
2.00
John Brown 10.00
Thomas Kebby
2.00
Nathaniel Stokcs 2.00
Patrick Dickey
2.00
Elliott & Williams 8.00
Samuel Creigh
10.00
Thomas Irwin
1.00
William Irwin
1.00
Joseph Briee 3.00
Azarias Thorn
1.00
James Gillespie
1.00
Jacob Lowe
John Welsh
1.00
Edward Kelly
1.00
Samuel Frecman
1.00
John Galbraith
1.00
Moses Bradley 1.00
Andrew Paul
1.00
George Gillespie 1.00
M. Winton
3.00
Caleb Mulford
1.00
John Adams
3.00
Jolın Miller
1.00
Robert MeClure
3.00
Ham. Flaugher
1.00
William Maxwell
3.00
David Logan
1.00
Robertson & Maekay
3.00
Joseph MeKnight
2.00
O. Ormsby
2.00
Noadial Albord
7s. 6d
John Riddle
4.00
J. Strickland
7s. od
Job Gard
3.00
James McKec
78. 6d
Stephen Reeder
6.00
Nathan Moody
3.00
William Reddeck
1.00
Samuel Kitehell
4.00
Thomas Denny
2.50
Samuel Foster
2.00
Robert Mitehell
2.00
McElwee & Duffy
3.00
William Harris
4.00
Isaac Felty
3.00
Christopher Diekson
4.00
Cornelius Van Nuys
3.00
Matthias Person
1.00
William Woodward
2.00
Frederick Coons
1.00
Moses Jones
2.00
J. Gibson
1.00
Robert McCray
2.00
Timothy Scanan
1.00
A. Hunt & Co.
20.00
Adam Galliger
1.00
Samuel James
5.00
Alexander Lewis
2.00
James Ward 1.00
Benjamin Davis
1.00
James Garrison
1.00
John True
1.00
Dunean Steward
1,00
Ferd. Brokaw
1.00
Thomas Underlevy
1.00
Israel Ludlow
10.00
Alexander Darlington
1.00
T. Hole
8.00
William Cummins
3.00
Enos Terry 2.00
Robert Kepe
3.00
A. J. Caldwell
1.00
Thomas Kennedy
6.00
Mrs. Willeocks
1.00
Joseph Kennedy .
3.00
Peter Kemper
2.00
Samuel Kennedy
3.00
Thomas Goudy
4.00
Samuel Diek
3.00
John Hamilton
3.00
Ezekiel Sayre
3.00
Russell Farmer
2.00
Samuel Robinson
3.00
Abel Sprague
2.00
Luther Kitchell
5.00
Stophel Oldrid
1.00
James Campbell
1.00
William Irvin
1.00
Francis Kennedy
1.00
Nehemiah Hunt
1.00
Levi Sayre
2.00
William M. Bothero
1.00
Abraham Parker
2.00
William Miller
2.00
George Dougherty 1.00
4.00
D. C. Orcutt
2.00
Nathan Barics
1,00
James Bedell
4.00
Evan James
1.00
Philip Cook
1.00
Joel Williams
3.00
Ziba Stebbins
3.00
Benjamin Jenning
75.6dl
John McCay
1.00
James Brady 75.6d
John Miller
1.00
Starking Stafford 1.00
1.00 Thomas Williams
1,00
William Darragh
Leonard Tecple
2.00
G. Ycatman 2.00
Kennedy Morton
1.00
John Dixon 3.00
James Brunton
2.00
William Bedell
Martin Baum 1.00
Elijah Craig
5.00
1
C. Avery 1.00
1.00
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CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF CINCINNATI
Enos Potter
3.00
Thomas Cochran 4.00
A. Andrew 1.00
Thomas Gibson 8.00
Love Marcelof 3.00
William McMillan 8.00
Thomas Fream 2.00
Samuel Williams 3.00
James Lowry
2.00
John McKane 1.00
Matthias Ross
4.00
Daniel McCarry 1.00
Allyn Baker 5.00
John DeHass 1.00
John McKane 3.00
Reuben Kemper 2.00
William McLain
1.00
James McLain
1.00
Elijah Davis
1.00
Jonathan Davis
Daniel Hole
2.00 1.00
Richard Hoells
2.00
Daniel Ferrel
2.00
John Mercer
1.00
David Bay 2.00
David Recder 3.00
Jedediah Tingle 2.00
Jabesh Phillips
2.00
Isaac Bates
3.00
Simeon Nott 1.00
Samuel Pierson
1.00
Total $430.00
Among these subscribers are a number of the officers and soldiers of the garrison.
As a result of this subscription the entire four lots including the church, school and graveyard donations were enclosed with a post and rail fence.
In February, 1795, the distribution of pews took place but the church was not entirely com- pleted until 1799, from which time until 1814 it occupied the ground on which it was erected and it then was sold and moved, as stated before, to Judge Burnet's lot on Vine street at the site of the present Emery Arcade.
Shortly after the building was ready for occu- pancy, Rev. Mr. Kemper is said to have built at his own expense a school house on the lot. It subsequently after the abandonment of Fort Washington was removed to Arch street. In this school Kemper's son Caleb was teaching in 1798. Kemper remained as pastor of the church until October 7, 1796, from which time Rev. Peter Wilson took charge of the church for two years from the middle of 1797 until the time of his death July 29, 1799, He was suc- ceeded by Rev. Matthew G. Wallace, who preached in the church some six or seven months
and was finally installed October 7, 1800. Ile remained in the church until April, 1804.
In the language of Rev. Dudley Ward Rhodes "Methodism came riding into Cincinnati on horseback in the person of Rev. Jolin Kobler in 1798." Kobler was presiding elder of a Ken- tucky district and was sent as a missionary to the Northwest Territory. In an account long afterwards written by himself, he states: "1 rode down the Miami River thirty-six miles to explore this region of country. I found settle- ments very sparse indeed, only now and then a solitary family .. About four o'clock in the af- ternoon I came to an old garrison called Fort Washington, situated on the bank of the big river, which bore very much the appearance of a declining, time-stricken, God-forsaken place. Here are a few log buildings extra of the for- tress, and a few families residing together, with a small printing office just put in operation, and a small store opened by a gentleman named Snodgrass. This, I was told, was the great place of rendezvous of olden time for the Fed- cral troops when going to war with the Indians. Here, alas, General St. Clair made his last en- campment with his troops before he met his la- mentable defeat; here I wished very much to preach, but could find no opening or reception of any kind whatever. I left the old garrison to pursue my enterprise, with a full intention to visit it again, and make another effort with them on my next round; but this I did not do for the following reasons, namely: When I had gone a second round on my appointment, and further explored the settlements and circumstances of the country, there were some places where the opening prospects appeared much more promis- ing than what I had seen in Fort Washington ; and I was eager to take every advantage of time and things, by collecting what first was al- ready apparent, by forming societies and build- ing up those already formed; so that in a few rounds, I had nearly lost sight of old Fort Wash- ington, and finally concluded that it would be most proper for me, under the existing circum- stances, at least for the present, to omit it alto- getlier."
Kobler was described as tall, well propor- tioned with long black hair coming down over the cape of his coat. He was always neatly dressed in a garb of decided clerical cut. He never smiled but often wept. He was a man of considerable intellectuality, great sweetness of disposition and remarkable devotion. Both his
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
preaching and his prayers were very impressive, beginning in a very deliberate manner and final- ly rising to considerable eloquence.
In the following year another circuit rider came in the person of Lewis Hunt, whose labors took him throughout the whole of the southern part of the State. Associated with him was Rev. H. Smith and also Rev. Elisha Bowman, both of whom preached at the fort on several occasions.
Rev. Francis McCormick, called the founder of Methodism, preached in Columbia in 1801 and organized a society there. A Methodist class had been organized at the fort before the end of the century.
These churches, the Presbyterian and Metho- (list of Cincinnati, and the Baptist Church at Co- lumbia, seemed to form the religious life of the community during the territorial days.
TIIE EARLY SCHOOLS.
The education of the children naturally de- manded attention from the carliest days of the settlement, although there is no positive record of the fact. Tradition relates that teaching be- gan almost immediately after the settlers had established themselves. This of course was in the homes of the pupils and the teachers were the parents themselves. Some mother would take from her household duties a little time each day to instruct her own children (and those of the neighbors who would come in) in the rudi- ments of knowledge.
The school established by John Reily at Co- lumbia opened its doors to pupils June 21, 1790; Judge Dunlevy then a young man joined in the enterprise a year later and in November, 1792, the institution developed into an academy under the patronage of Judge William Goforth, Rev. John Smith, Maj. John S. Gano and Mr. Dun- levy himself. This has been referred to in an earlier chapter.
William D. Ludlow, writing in 1856, says that the first school house stood on the river bank opposite Main and Sycamore streets. It was placed here in order that the scholars should not be exposed to the Indians. The first teacher he says was an Irishman named Lloyd.
Again, we are told that in the year 1792 the first school was erected in Cincinnati and was attended by about thirty pupils. It is supposed that this school was held in a log cabin erected in the immediate proximity of Fort Washing- ton at about Third and Lawrence. The name of the teacher 'unfortunately does not seem to have
been preserved. It is probable that this is the school referred to by Ludlow.
At a little later time a better structure of frame was built in the southwest corner on the public square near Fourth and Walnut streets. At the time of Judge Burnet's arrival in 1795 he says that this frame school house, which stood on the north side of Fourth street opposite where St. Paul's Church afterwards stood (St. Paul Building), was enclosed but unfinished.
The Presbyterian Church itself was used for a time for a school house and subsequently we are told that Kemper built a school house on the church lot which was afterwards, after the de- struction of Fort Washington, removed to Arch street.
The Centinel in the issue of December 27, 1794, contains the announcement by Stuart Richey of his intention of opening a school in the house lately occupied by David Williams nearly opposite James Ferguson's store where he proposes teaching the rudiments of educa- tion. His advertisement which is printed in another chapter gives in detail the branches taught which are entirely mathematical. This school therefore was at Third and Sycamore. Mr. Richey about a year later announces the opening of his school for December 16th and limits the number of pupils to thirty. This cir- cumstance and the location of the school sug- gests the possibility that the school supposed to have been established in 1792 at Third and Law- rence and that of Mr. Richey were identical.
Jonathan Lyon, who came to Cincinnati in 1791, attended school in a cabin near Riddle's blacksmith shop which it will be remembered was on the Public Landing near Sycamore street. This was probably the same school de- scribed by Ludlow. Lyon's teacher was Ken- nedy Morton, who was a great believer in the use of the rod. He frequently whipped grown young men and women with a long hickory gad until they would fairly jump off the floor.
Francis Menessier advertised in the Western Spy September 10, 1799, that at his coffee house at the foot of the hill on Main street at the sign of "Pegasus the bad poet fallen to the ground" he taught the French language and that ' his school was to begin on the following Monday with teaching every evening with the exception of Saturdays and and Sundays.
James White was, another pioneer school teacher who in October, 1799, announced the re- moval of his English school to a place next door
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CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF CINCINNATI
to Thomas Williams, skin dresser. He also announeed an evening school to be held four evenings in caeh week for three months at which the terms were two dollars for each scholar and the scholars to find fire-wood and candles.
In the sanie paper for December 8, 1799, R. Haughton advertised a dancing school where he taught the minuet, cotillion and country dances . as well as the Scoteh recls. His advertisement is quoted elsewhere in its entirety.
The suspicion forces itself on the mind of the reader of the present day that Mr. Haughton failed to pay for his advertisement for a few months later the editor of the Spy felt ealled upon to indulge in the following tiradc against - daneing :
"It is melancholy to observe the prevailing rage for daneing schools, the nurseries of dal- lianee, frippery and folly. The most important and solemn considerations are daily sacrificed to those pernicious idols. Nothing is capable of stemming the current which prostrates reason and common sense. It must be allowed that some external advantages result from daneing schools, and I know it will be contended that a graceful deportment, easc and 'suaviter in modo' entirely depend on these institutions. No inan of sense will doubt such propositions un- qualified; and they are only true in part. But Ict us reverse the song. Young misses are sent to a daneing school previous to their having pro- gressed in reading or writing. The ease is strikingly in point, for innumerable instances of the kind pass daily under my immediate inspee- tion. Great heavens ! What is the consequence ? "Everlasting ignorance. Parents, docs the idea affect your hearts? The truth of it is indubit- able. Not many persons will personally apply the case. 'My daughter,' cxclaims fond mother, 'is far removed from the alluded-to-pre- dieament. She is advaneed in her cdueation, and therefore may, without the smallest impro- priety, obtain the last polish.' Such reasoning is certainly vague and inconelusive. , If the loss of timc were the only loss sustaincd, it would not be of such serious importance. A culpable volatility presides there, tainting the virtuous plant which so much demands assiduous culture. A certain degrading lightness of carriage is the natural inherent gift of the place. Idleness is another precious boon bestowed on the vietims under the domination of a dancing master, not indeed as regards dancing, but as it relates to every essential vocation in life.
"Let me ask if the most distant affinity ean
exist between a combined incantation of music, fanatical gambols, etc., and the stating of a ques- tion in arithmetic? The latter requires cool. collected thought and collceted mind and a reg- ular habit of mind; the former is directly eal- culated to eradicate solid thought, expel sober reflections and introduce a crude chaos of flut- tering idcas tending to no particular point. Thus a thirst for knowledge is expelled, and every trifling idca is substituted in lieu thereof. In fact, volatility of mind, hatred for study or sober reflections, are the inseparable companions of daneing schools, and the miseries resulting therefrom arc virtually incalculable."
1
Not only was the gentle art of tripping the light fantastie provided for in the settlement but on December 27, 1800, there was a notice call- ing for those disposcd to patronize the singing school to assemble at the Court House in the eve- ning at candle light and to bring their books.
In 1801, Levi McLcan, the butcher and a man of many offices, also taught singing at the rate of one dollar a member for thirteen nights and two dollars a quarter; subscribers to find their own wood and candles. McLean, who was subsequently a candidate for constable, insti- tuted in 1802 the habit of delivering an address to the citizens, asking for their vote.
In the carly part of 1800 the paper con- tained a notice that a good sehoolmaster was wanted on the Great Miami and that one with a family was preferred.
Another frequent advertisement was that of "Rcv. Robert Stubbes, Philomath," an English- man who kept the Newport Academy two miles from the Ohio opposite Cineinnati in Campbell County, Kentucky. Here he taught "English grammar, Latin, Greek and arithmetie-all the most useful and some of the ornamental branches of mathematics" and "should any feel inclined hc will also teach the use of the globes at stated periods in Cincinnati."
AMUSEMENTS.
Naturally the singing schools and dancing schools were patronized more for the sake of amusement than for any more serious reason. In the rigorous life of the frontier, entertain- ment was not always at hand and the residents of both the fort and village were obliged to de- vise such amusements as they could.
We learn that at Fort Washington there was a band and its effectiveness was added to in a way to remind one of Berlioz' "Requiem" for on
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
July 4, 1799, we are told that "Captain Miller furnished a piece of artillery which, with Cap- tain Smith's company of militia, accompanied by martial music, made the woods resound to the toasts that were made." A couple of years later a band on Independence Day played "The President's March, French Grenadiers' March, George Washington's March, Yankee Doodle, Guardian Angels, Rural Felicity, Soldier's Joy, Reveille, Anacreon in Heaven, Madam You Know My Trade Is War, Fair American, Love in a Village, Goodnight be wi' you a', Flowers of Edinburgh.'
Klauprecht tells us that at the entertainments "a band of music accompanied them with the harmonies of Gluck and Haydn, and the re- ports of the champagne bottles transported the guests from the wilds of the Northwestern Ter- ritory into the Lucullian feasts of the European aristocracy."
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