USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Centennial history of Cincinnati and representative citizens, Vol. I, Pt. 2 > Part 89
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A private institution established in 1834 or 1835 was the Exchange Bank and Saving In- stitution of John Bates & Company. Its office was at No. 154 Main street. It offered to re- ceive the notes of all solvent banks at par, to pay five percent interest on deposits and made a special point of its exchange facilities for immigrants. It appealed particularly to the industrious mechanic or laborer whose busi- ness was on too small a scale to enable him to have an account with the other banking
houses.
The banking business during the 20 years following the incorporation of the city was quite successful and the institutions men- tioned all prospered. In 1831 we are told that money was in great demand and that the banks discounted at six percent, although the market price of money was greater than that. Ten percent was the market price of money, . secured by mortgage, except in very large sums. On personal security the rate of inter- est varied from one to three percent a month. (Directory of 1831.)
A curious feature was the notices indicating offering and discount days. For instance Monday and Thursday were offering days of the United States Bank; Tuesday and Friday of the Franklin Bank and Wednesday and Saturday of the Commercial Bank and the Ex- change Bank. The discount days of the first named bank were Tuesday and Friday, of the Franklin, Wednesday and Saturday and of the Commercial, Monday and Thursday. The banking hours of most of the banks were from nine o'clock in the morning until two in the afternoon although the Exchange Bank kept its office open until five in the evening.
In 1841 there were but seven banks in the city, of which five were incorporated. In ad-
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CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF CINCINNATI
dition to those already mentioned was the Bank of Cincinnati, in which G. R. Gilmore was president and George Hlatchi, cashier. Ten years later but six incorporated banks are given, including the Commercial, Franklin, Lafayette, Mechanics' & Traders', Ohio Life and the City Bank on the south side of Third between Walnut and Vine. Of the last men- tioned E. M. Gregory was president and J. P. Reznor, cashier. There were a large number of private banks, many of which were simply brokers' offices. These included Ellis & Morton, T. S. Goodman & Company, George Milne & Company, the Citizens' Bank of W. Smead & Company, B. F. Sanford & Company, Lang- don & Hatch, Gilmore & Brotherton, S. O. Alny, Burnet, Shoup & Company, the Mer- chants', Phoenix and the Western Bank of Scott & Mckenzie. These banks were in the main located along Third street or Main and Walnut in the neighborhood of Third. The bank of B. F. Sanford & Company was at Fourth and Walnut while that of Langdon & Hatch was at Court and Main. The Western Bank was at the northwest corner of Western row and Fifth street. The rates offered by the various bankers of the time varied with dif- ferent institutions. In one case six percent was allowed for deposits and discounts were charged at the rate of 12 percent. This house, Ellis & Morton, claimed to be the first to in- troduce the system of allowing interest on de- posits. It bought no paper but those of de- positors. The Citizens' Bank allowed six per- cent on deposits while Sanford paid 10 percent on special deposits. In the savings depart- ment of the Merchants' nine percent was paid.
In 1859 the principal banks given were the Commercial, Lafayette, Groesbeck & Com-
pany (Franklin) and Gilmore, Dunlap & Com- pany ; the last named was at the northeast corner of Third and Walnut. There were also Evans & Company at the southwest corner of the same streets, which included the well known bankers, Jason Evans, Briggs Swift, HT. W. Hughes and W. T. Drake; J. R. Mor- ton & Company, James F. Meline & Company, C. F. Adac & Company, and Alex. Van Hamm's Savings Bank. Many of these were of course brokers rather than bankers but in these institutions were many of the famous bankers of latter days.
The banks that are enumerated in the Di- rectory of 1861 are forty in number. Among them are C. F. Adae & Company, Bank of the Ohio Valley, Bank of Savings, E. G. Burkam & Company, A. G. Burt & Company, Commercial Bank, Culbertson, Kilgour & Company, S. S. Davis & Company, Allis, Young & Company, German Savings Institu- tion, Gilmore, Dunlap & Company, T. S. Good- man & Company, Kinney, Espy & Company, Lafayette Banking Company, Joseph F. Lar- kin, James F. Meline & Company, J. R. Mor- ton & Company, S. S. Roc & Company, Union Bank and the Walnut Street Bank.
THE BANKS OF THE PRESENT DAY.
Immediately upon the passage of the Na- tional Bank Act, steps were taken by many of the banking concerns of the city to share in the benefit of its provisions, and within a very few years almost all the banks of the city were in- cluded in the list of national banks. The fol- lowing figures show the condition of the na- tional banks of Cincinnati at the close of busi- ness March 28, 1904 :
Undivided
Gross
BANK.
Capital.
Surplus.
Profits.
Loans.
Deposits.
Market National
$ 250,000
$200,000
$ 62,618
$ 2,130,563
$ 3.083,324
Fifth National
600,000
300,000
124,368
3,964,135
4,922,511
Ohio Valley
700,000
140,000
210,464
2,287.902
3,073,597
Fourth National
500,000
700,000
60,325
2,770,010
3,566,042
Third National
1,200,000
240,000
344,361
3,901,972
5,547,999
First National
3,000,000
600,000
598,480
7,742,670
8,640,019
Citizens' National
1,000,000
200,000
383.376
3,353.984
5,602,045
Equitable National
250,000
50,000
28,007
1,475.950
1,773.994
German National
500,000
500,000
124,383
2,502,205
4,673.670
Atlas National
400,000
400,000
31,240
1,366,617
2,827.4.41
Merchants' National
1,000,000
300,000
115.575
3.539.627
4,400,258
Second National
200,000
200,000
12,000
1,700,000
2,417.954
National Lafayette
600,000
400,00€
238,774
3.778,330
3,980,507
Total
.$10,200,000
$1.230,000
$2.366,070
January 22
$10,200,000
$1,230,000
$2,226,503
$30.095,0.45 $38,600.870
$55.118.301 $57.102.171
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
Other banks of the city at the present time, which have not availed themselves of the pro- visions of the National Bank Act, are the Brigh- ton German Bank, City Hall Bank, Cosmopolitan Bank & Savings Company, Franklin Bank, S. Kuhn & Sons, Home Savings Bank, Northside Bank, Unity Banking & Savings Company, Hel- vetia Savings & Banking Company, Guarantee Deposit Company, Seasongood & Mayer, and the Western German Bank.
There are also a number of trust companies which do a large banking business, such as the Central Trust & Safe Deposit Company, Cincin- nati Trust Company, Provident Savings Bank. & Trust Company, Southern Ohio Loan & Trust Company, Union Savings Bank & Trust Com- pany, and the Security Savings Bank & Safe Deposit Company.
The Cincinnati Clearing House Association was organized in 1866 and most of the banks of the city are members of it. It has its office in the Masonic Temple and has been managed for some years by W. D. Duble. The clearings for 1903 aggregated $1,154,647,600.
EARLY MONEY OF CINCINNATI. By Henry C. Ezekiel. ABORIGINAL COINS OR CURRENCY.
All nations or people have possessed some one thing relatively of more value than anything else, and whether it may have been a shell, a bead, a piece of lead, silver, gold or other metal, paper, leather, or what not, it has been established at some time as a standard of value for trading or purchasing purposes. It is not strange then that the aborigines of this part of the country should have made or coined money as a measure of value, or a medium of exchange in dealing with one another. Evidences of this have been found in unearthing the mounds near Cincinnati.
About 1840 a great number of lignite and coal pieces were discovered in a small mound on the Little Miami River, the largest of which was about the size of the old copper cent, but much thicker. There were some pieces of smaller size. "The largest of these coins was perforated with sixteen small holes; the faces of others were in- dented with five to eight parallel lines, and on one specimen the lines were crossed, forming diamond shaped figures. These specimens were taken to Cincinnati and distributed among the lovers of the curious. Some were deposited in the Dorfeuille Museum, where we had the pleas- ure of examining them in 1844 and taking draw- 'ings from them. *
"The aboriginal mounds also abound in copper money. We found specimens of these also in the Dorfeuille Museum in Cincinnati." (See Dick- enson's American Numismatical Manual for illustrations, etc.)
MONEY OF THE EARLY WHITE SETTLERS OF CIN- CINNATI.
In the early days of Cincinnati, about the end of the 18th and the first part of the 19th cen- turies, the currency used in Cincinnati and vicin- ity was much like that in circulation in other parts of the country. The "shinplasters," or paper money, of the government and the Colo- nial States were still in use, as well as the early issues of United States gold pieces, Portuguese "joes" and Spanish dollars, or pistareens, which came through the paying off of the troops quar- tered at Fort Washington and elsewhere in the campaigns against the Indians. Considerable difficulty existed in the making of change in the settlement at Losantiville, where, as in many places, raccoon and other skins were the medium for barter and trade. The United States gold pieces, Portuguese "joes,". and Spanish dollars did not relieve the sitnation for small change, and in this perplexity the early settlers coined "necessity," "cut," or "cob" money, also known as "sharp shins," the Spanish dollars being cut into four equal parts, worth 25 cents each, or again divided into 121/2-cent pieces. The smaller Spanish silver pieces were also cut and clipped to make change.
VERY EARLY PAPER MONEY OF CINCINNATI.
The earliest banking corporations, individual firms and government banks in Cincinnati issu- ing money in the shape of bank bills, notes, "shin- plasters," and "wildcat" currency, were :
The Miami Exporting Company, incorporated. . . . 1803 The Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank, incorporated. . . 1812 The Bank of Cincinnati, incorporated. .1816
John H. Piatt & Company, who commenced busi- -
ness in . .1817
The United States Branch Bank, instituted in. . . . 1817
. The collection of the Historical and Philo- sophical Society of Ohio, in the Van Wormer Library of the University of Cincinnati, contains a variety of specimens of this currency, as noted below and in Scott's "Catalogue of the Paper Money of the United States," a number of the varions banks and denominations are also speci- fied, viz :
The Miami Exporting Company, 1815,-$1.00 ; 1818 and 1820,-614c. ( In business in 1836, see Cincinnati Directory of that year.)
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CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF CINCINNATI
The Cincinnati Bank, 1818,-$1.00.
The Bank of Cincinnati, 1814, 1816, 1818,- $1.00, $2.00, $5.00, $10.00 and a 1212c. note of 1816.
The City .Bank of Cincinnati, $1.00, $3.00, $5.00, $10.00. (So noted by Scott's "Catalogue," but none of the carly directories of Cincinnati report the name of this bank. )
The Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank, 1814-18, -- $1.00, $3.00, $5.00, $10.00, $20.00, $100.00.
The Commercial Bank, 1831-49,-$1.00, $3.00, $5.00, $10.00.
The Lafayette Bank, 1834,-$5.00.
John H. Piatt & Company, 1816,-614c.
The Cincinnati & White Water Canal Com- pany, 1840,-$1.00, $2.00, $3.00 and $5.00.
The Ohio & Cincinnati Loan Company, $2.00. The Bank of The Ohio Valley, 1859-63,- $1.00, $3.00, $5.00, $10.00.
The Burnet House, 1862, -- 5c.
The Ohio Life Insurance & Trust Company was authorized to issue notes and bills (see Cin- cinnati Directory of 1834), but we have failed to find any examples of them.
The Branch Bank of the United States at Cincinnati, 1829 and thereafter. (The Cincin- nati Directory of this year says: "This is the only Banking Institution in operation in the City.") This bank also issued bills, but none of them have come within our notice.
The Franklin Bank, 1834 and thereafter. We understand that this bank issued bills, but none of them can be found.
The Mechanics' & Traders' Bank, 1842 and subsequently. It is probable that this bank issued notes as others did at this period, but no exam- ples of them are in collections.
Many of the foregoing continued to issue bills or bank notes up to the time of the establishment of the national bank system, which was devised by a Cincinnatian, Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Secre- tary of the Treasury of the United States under President Abraham Lincoln.
There were no doubt many other Cincinnati corporations, firms and individuals who issued "wildcat" currency during "hard times" periods, but specimens or records of them do not exist, or are unobtainable.
Engravers and Printers of Bank Bills, "Wild- cat" Currency and "Shinplasters" in Cincinnati. -The early directories of Cincinnati and Cist's works on Cincinnati of 1841, 1851 and 1859, make mention of a number of engravers and printers of bank bills, and, from numerous speci- mens we find the names of many of them to be as follows :
Draper, Fairman & Company. . 1814 to 1818
Looker & Wallace .. . 1815
Morgan, Lodge & Company. 1818 to 1820
Woodruff & Hammond. 1840
Doolittle & Munson 1844
Rawdon, Wright & Hatch, and suc-
cessors 1844 to 1851' Toppan, Carpenter & Company, and successors . 1849 to 1851
Danforth, Bald & Company .. 1851
These firms also executed bank bills, "wild- cat" currency and "shinplasters" for other cities throughout the country.
Counterfeit Bank Note Detectors Published in Cincinnati .- There were a number of counterfeit bank note detectors published in Cincinnati which circulated throughout the United States. Those of which we find record are: The Counterfeit Bank Note Detector, published by H. H. Goodman & Company, 1841 ; Bradley's Coun- terfeit Detector, edited by T. W. Lord, 1851; Dye's Counterfeit Detector, John S. Dye, pub- lisher, 1851 ; White's Financial and Commercial Reporter, and Counterfeit Detector, 1859; Bep- ler's Bank Note List ( German), 1859; Pad- dock's United States Bank Mirror, William R. Paddock & Company, editor, 1859-63; and Lord's Bank Note Reporter and Counterfeit De- tector, published by Johnson Brothers, bankers and brokers, 1855-63.
CINCINNATI-CALIFORNIA GOLD MONEY.
Soon after the discovery of gold in California there grew up a number of "private mints whose coinage was characterized by skill, honor and remarkable enterprise." Among these we find Ten Dollar ($10.00) and Five Dollar ($5.00) pieces of the "Cincinnati Mining and Trading Company, 1849." They are of native gold, not alloyed, and are now very rare. Examples of them are in private cabinets and in the collection of the United States Mint at Philadelphia. (For illustrations see Dickenson's American Numis- matical Manual. )
TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, STORE AND SHOP CARDS, OR "HARD TIMES" MONEY.
For many years before the War of the Re- bellion there passed current in the United States for ONE CENT in valne numerous tokens, shop cards, etc. The earliest of them had been made in 1789 and continued to be coined by corpora- tions, political parties and business houses up to about 1860. The only one issued by a Cincin- nati honse, and which passed current with the
1025
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
rest, was that of "Dodd & Co., Hatters, No. 144 Main Street." These were about the size of the old copper cent, and were made in copper and brass.
From the Cincinnati directories of 1843 to 1851 we find that William Dodd & Company were at this same location and continued bus- iness there for some time thereafter.
Cinciuanti Makers of Metal Money, "Hard Times" Tokens aud Shop Cards .- In addition to the manufacturers, or printers and engravers of paper money, there were also a number of die sinkers and stampers of metal pieces, which passed current as money for the value of ONE CENT cach, prior to and during the War of the Rebellion. Among these were the following : V. R. Allen, B. C. True, John Stanton, Jamcs Murdock, Murdock & Spencer, Joseph J. Sayrc and others.
These firms also made sutlers' checks, used in the Union Army, milk checks, bar checks, soda water checks, strect car checks and checks, or "necessity" coins, of all kinds, payable on dc- mand, which passed as money in Cincinnati for a standard of value, as stamped thereon.
"NECESSITY" MONEY OF THE REBELLION, 1861-65.
Copperheads .- When the war broke out and the people were pressed sorc and hard for small change, a species of metal currency was engen- dered known to collectors and numismatists as "copperheads." There were a great many of them, generally of bronze, and the size of the United States small cent. While a few of them were put into circulation in 1861 and 1862 bear- ing patriotic devices, the most of them were issued in 1863 and 1864 by several hundred firms in Cincinnati. On one side of the latter was the head of "Liberty" and the date underneath, and on the other side was the card of the corporation, firm or individual issuing them. The most of these were made in Cincinnati and large num- bers of them are to be found in the cabinets of collectors.
United States Encased Postage Stamps .- The silver moncy of the United States became very scarce in the carly part of the war, and prior to the issuing of the postage fractional currency bv the government many business houses in ('incinnati put forth as "necessity" moncy Encased Unused United States Postage Stamps, which practice was sanctioned or at least not ob- jected to by the National or the State govern- ment. This medim of currency consisted of a brass rim or shell enclosing the postage stamp
and showing the same under a layer of thin isinglass, or mica. The back had the advertise- ment of the firm issuing the same impressed on the metal in relief. The stamp issucs were IC blue; 3e red; 5c brown; foc green; 12c black ; 24c violet ; 3oc orange and goc bluc. The Cin- . cinnati firms who issued them were Ellis, Mc- Alpin & Company, Pearce, Tolle & Holton, John Shillito & Company and L. C. Hopkins & Com- pany. There may have been others, but these are the only ones that are known to be in the cabinets of collectors.
COLLECTIONS AND COLLECTORS OF COINS, MEDALS, TOKENS, BANK BILLS, "SHINPLASTERS, " ETC., IN CINCINNATI.
For many years there have been in Cincinnati some collections and collectors of coins and paper money. Possibly the earliest of thesc, of any note, were those of the Western Museum Society, instituted in 1818; the Cincinnati Museum, Letton & Willet, proprietors, 1819; Western Museum, J. Dorfeuille, proprictor, 1829 and thereafter ("3,125 Medals, Coins and Tokens," see Cincinnati Directory of 1834) ; Let- ton's Museum, Ralph Letton, proprietor, 1829 and thercafter ("Coins," ctc., see Cincinnati Di- rectory of 1834) ; Mrs. Trollope's Bazaar, 1829 and thereafter ; and Wood's Muscum, 1851.
All of the foregoing collections have been dis- persed. The Cincinnati Art Museum of the present time ( 1904) contains many examples of coins, medals, ctc.
Among the best known and most extensive private collections in Cincinnati have been those of Thomas C. Cleneay, Charles C. Rcakirt, Henry C. Ezekiel, Dr. William I. Prescott, Henry Probasco, J. Zanoni, Robert Downing, Robert Leslie, Samuel A. McCune, R. W. Mercer, H. II. Muller, Henry Sayre, J. M. Tilton, John Ilauck, T. Bishop Disney, Dr. M. L. Amick, James Bindley, Enoch T. Carson, Alfred S. Field, James G. Hughes, Peter Mongey, Joseph Khiber, Louis Hanck, Abraham Mayer and others. Most of these collectors are dead and gone and their collections dispersed. Peter Mougey has at the present time ( 1904) the best collection of the United States coinage, while that of Henry C. Ezekiel is the most extensive in all branches of numismatics. He has also a large collection of autographs, stamps, historical and literary curiosities, possibly the most ex- tensive of any private collector in the United States.
CHAPTER LIII.
MISCELLANEOUS
THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE-THE BUSINESS MEN'S CLUB - COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANI- ZATIONS - THE CINCINNATI BAR ASSOCIATION - THE CINCINNATI WOMAN'S CLUB- THE CIN- CINNATI KINDERGARTEN ASSOCIATION - POLITICAL CLUBS-SOCIAL CLUBS-FRATERNAL SOCIETIES -- MILITARY ORDERS -THE CINCINNATI HOUSE OF REFUGE - THE CITY WORK HOUSE -THE CINCINNATI HOSPITAL -LONGVIEW ASYLUM - THE CITY INFIRMARY -CHARITABLE AND BEN- EVOLENT INSTITUTIONS - THE CHURCHES - THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION-SPRING GROVE AND OTHER CEMETERIES-AMUSEMENTS - THE RAILROADS - THIE NEWSPAPERS -SOME CINCINNATI WRITERS.
THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
On October 22, 1839, was organized the Cin- cinnati Chamber of Commerce for the purpose of promoting the amicable settlement of dif- ferences between the merchants of the city. It met at first but once a month in the rooms of the Young Men's Mercantile Library. In 1846 the Chamber was combined with the Merchants' Exchange and in 1850 Nicholas W. Thomas, Dunning M. Foster, Henry Em- erson, William B. Cassilly, Joseph Torrence, S. P. Hall, George Keck and Richard Smith, the officers of that year and their associates were chartered under the name and style of "The Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and Merchants' Exchange." From time to time the charter has been amended until the organiza- tion has become empowered with all the privileges permitted to such organizations by the laws of the State.
The meetings of the Chamber were held for many years at No. 22 West Fourth street from which point they subsequently removed to the Pike Building. At the time the site of the old Post Office at the southwest corner of
Fourth and Vine was abandoned by the gov- ernment for the new quarters in Government square, the ground was purchased by the Chamber of Commerce for the sum of $100,000 and on this ground was erected one of the handsomest structures in the city, designed by the well known architect 11. H. Richardson, at a cost of about $600,000.
Its first board of officers from October, 1839, to January, 1840, included Griffin Taylor as president ; B. W. Ilewson, as treasurer ; Henry Rockey, as secretary, and Roland G. Mitchell, Peter Neff, S. B. Findley, John Reeves, Thomas J. Adams and Jacob Strader as vice- presidents. Hewson was the treasurer until 1843 when he was succeeded by Parkhurst and Rockey was secretary until 1846, when he was succeeded by William D. Gallagher. In 1846 a superintendent was appointed for the Mer- chants' Exchange with which the Chamber of Commerce was consolidated. The office of superintendent, involving as it does the prepa- ration of the annual report, is the most im- portant in the body and fortunately it has been at all times well administered. A. Pea- body was the superintendent from 1846 to
1027
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS -
1849, when he was succeeded by Richard Smith, who acted as secretary and superin- tendent until 1854, at which time William Smith became the superintendent, while Rich- ard Smith remained secretary down to 1860. William Smith continued as superintendent until 1871, when he was succeeded by Sidney D. Maxwell whose efficient labors continued · until 1800, at which time the present very able superintendent, Charles B. Murray, was sc- lected. The presidents of this organization have included some of the most prominent business men of the city. In the carly days there was not the same rotation of offices as in the present and several of the presidents re- tained office for several years. Louis White- man was president in .1841, Roland G. Mitch- ell in 1842, Thomas J. Adams in 1843 and 1844. James C. Hall was president for three terms and Nicholas W. Thomas for six terms. R. M. W. Taylor succeeded in 1854 and the fol- lowing year was succeeded by James F. Tor- rence who was president for five terms. J. W. Sibley and Joseph C. Butler officiated cach for a year and in 1862 George F. Davis became president, to be succeeded three years later by Theodore Cook. S. C. Newton was presi- dent the following year and was succeeded in 1867 by John A. Gano, who had been the secretary for seven years. Mr. Gano held the position for three years and, after him, Charles W. Rowland for two. S. F. Coving- ton and C. M. Holloway cach acted for two years. In the centennial year, 1876, Benjamin Eggleston became president. was suc- ceeded in turn by John W. Hartwell, Flor- ence Marmet, William M. Hobart, H. Wilson Brown, Henry C. Urner (two terms), James D. Parker, W. W. Peabody (two terms), Ed- win Stevens, A. Hickenlooper, Levi C. Good- ale, Thomas Morrison, Lee H. Brooks, Lowe Emerson, Joseph R. Brown, Brent Arnold, Michael Ryan, James M. Glenn, Maurice J. Freiberg, J. Milton Blair, William McAllister, Robert H. West, John H. Allen, James T. Mc- Hugh, W. W. Granger and J. F. Ellison (1903).
The greatest compliment that the Chamber is able to confer is that of honorary member- ship. The first honorary member was Henry Probasco elected in 1871 ; Miles Greenwood was elected two years later and since that time an honorary member has been elected each year. They have been in turn John II. Gerard, David Sinton, Reuben R. Springer, James F. Tor-
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