USA > Ohio > Montgomery County > Dayton > Early Dayton; with important facts and incidents from the founding of the city of Dayton, Ohio, to the hundredth anniversary, 1796-1896, > Part 9
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There were no bridges over the Miami or Mad River in 1805 ; but there were two ferries over the Miami-one at the foot of First Street, at the old ford on the road to Salem, and another at
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the foot of Fourth Street, on the road to Germantown. The First-Street ferry was used till a bridge was built in 1819. Ferry rates were fixed by the county commissioners, as follows : loaded wagon and teanı, seventy-five cents empty wagon and team, fifty cents; two-wheeled carriage, thirty-seven and one- half cents; man and horse, twelve and one-half cents; person on foot, six and one-quarter cents.
In 1806 the first Court-house, a brick structure, fifty-two by thirty-eight feet in size, two stories high, was built on the pres- ent Court-house lot. The court-room was on the first floor, and the jury-rooms in the second story. In 1815 a cupola was built, in which a bell was hung in 1816. The building was removed about 1847, and that perfect piece of architecture, the "old Court-house," built on its site.
In July of this year a Mr. Crane, from Lebanon, Ohio, endeav- ored to establish a newspaper here. After issuing a few numbers, he was attacked with fever and ague, and, in consequence of this illness, returned to Lebanon, and abandoned his project. No file of this paper has been preserved, and even its name has been forgotten.
In 1806 two brick stores, one story high, were erected on the northeast corner of First and Main by Mr. Cooper, and one, two stories high, on the northeast corner of Main and First by James Steele. The latter building stood till 1865; it gave place to Turner's Opera-house. Brown & Sutherland had a frame store on Main, near Monument Avenue, and H. G. Phillips a log store on the southwest corner of First and Jefferson streets. In 1812 he built a brick store, with a handsome residence adjoining, on the southeast corner of Main and Second streets. The brick business houses of 1806 were very small, plain, and insignificant affairs, as those who remember the Steele store are aware. But Cooper's and Steele's stores drew business toward the center of town.
Jamies Steele was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, in 1778, and brought to Kentucky by his father in 1788. He came to Dayton from Kentucky in 1805, and was in business till 1807 with his brother-in-law, William McClure. From December, 1807, till 1821 he was in partnership with his wife's brother, Joseplı Peirce. Before he came to Dayton, his life was one of hardship and anxiety on a Kentucky farm, where he labored strenuously to support and educate his fatherless brothers and sisters. He
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earned the capital with which he began business here by making trips on a flatboat, laden with farm products, from Kentucky to New Orleans. Like his son, Robert W. Steele, he was interested in every effort to promote the prosperity of the town, and gave money, time, and labor to schools, libraries, churches, benevolent societies, and to all organizations formed to secure public im- provements. He was for many years a trustee of the old Dayton Academy, and was instrumental in securing the employment of E. E. Barney as principal. He was deeply interested in the second building erected by the First Presbyterian Church in 1839 (considered a model church), and gave to it largely of his means and personal attention. He died in 1841, just as it was finished. A friend described him as noted for unyielding integrity, candor, moderation, kindness, and benignity.
For fourteen years Mr. Steele was associate judge of Mont- gomery County, elected by the Legislature, and for four years was a member of the Ohio Senate. "On the bench he was dis- tinguished for good sense, integrity, and impartiality," wrote Judge Crane. "As a legislator, in a period of great public excitement, though firm and consistent in his political opinions, he won the esteem and respect of his opponents by his candor and moderation." In 1824 he was one of the electors for Presi- dent and Vice-President of the United States for the State of Ohio. His old friend Henry Clay was his candidate. Froni 1815 to 1822 he was a director in the Dayton Bank, and from the latter date till his sudden death, in 1841, president. The stone bank built in 1815, converted into dwellings, still stands on Main Street, next to the High School. In June, 1837, the Muscatine Gazette said that the Dayton Bank was the only one in the United States that had refused to respect President Jackson's Treasury order, and it was one of the three banks that continued to pay specie during that time of financial panic. But people preferred to take, and even hoarded, the notes of the bank. Mr. Steele served in the War of 1812. After the disgraceful surrender of General Hull, information was sent to Dayton that the Indians assembled near Piqua in council, emboldened by the success of the British, were dangerous, and threatening to attack the inhabitants. The news came on Saturday, and on Sunday morning at seven o'clock a company of seventy men, commanded by Captain James Steele, were ready to march to the front. The alarm proved groundless, and after a few days the company returned home, but Captain
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Steele was retained in the service for some time by order of Gen- eral Harrison, to superintend the building of blockhouses at St. Mary's for the protection of the people of that region.
In November, 1812, James Steele married Phebe, daughter of Isaac Peirce, who served as an officer in the Revolutionary army, and was a member of the Ohio Company. Mr. Peirce came to . Marietta, Ohio, from Rhode Island with his family in 1788, and was in 1789 one of the founders of Belpre. Mr. and Mrs. Steele had two sons-Robert Wilbur, born in 1819, died in 1891 and Joseph Peirce, born in 1821, who entered into rest several years before the death of his idolized brother.
Robert W. Steele inarried, first, Elizabeth Smith, and five children of this marriage survive-Mary D., Sarah S., and Agnes C. Steele, of Dayton ; Egbert T., of Spokane, Washing- ton, married Louise White; William C., of Rocky Ford, Colo- rado, married May Carter. R. W. Steele married, second, Clara P. Steele, who, with one daughter, Charlotte H. Steele, survives him, and lives in Dayton. He was for thirty-three years member of the Board of Education, and for twelve years president ; was one of the founders of the Dayton Library Association, and served for many years as director and president. After it was united with the Public Library in 1860, he was, excepting one or two years, till his death in 1891 a member of the Library Board. In 1844 he was one of the incorporators of Cooper Seminary, and a trustee till the school passed into private hands. He was nine years a trustee of Miami University, appointed by the Governor of Ohio. From 1858 to 1891 he was president of Woodland Cemetery Association ; was a member, appointed by the Gov- ernor, of the Ohio State Board of Charities for five years ; was actively engaged all his life in promoting agricultural and horti- cultural societies ; was trustee of the Montgomery County Children's Home for nine years; was an elder in the Third Street Presbyterian Church for thirty-seven years, and a member of that church for fifty years. In the early history of railroads he was much interested in promoting those improvements, and was a subscriber to the stock of all the railroads, excepting three, entering Dayton. During the Rebellion he was active in promoting enlistments, and in aiding in providing for the com- fort of the soldiers and their families. He was appointed by the Governor of Oliio and served as a member of the Military Con11- mittee of Montgomery County ; was a member of the Sanitary
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Commission, and Chairman of the Citizens' Committee to assist in raising the Ninety-third Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He loved his native town with a personal love almost as strong and warm as that which he felt for relatives and individual friends.
The Dayton Academy was incorporated in 1807 by James Welsh, Daniel C. Cooper, William McClure, David Reid, John Folkerth, George T. Tennery, Benjamin Van Cleve, and James Hanna. Mr. Hanna was an influential citizen in early days. The family left Dayton many years ago. John Folkerth, one of the incorporators of the academy, was also one of the incorpora- tors, in 1805, of the Library Society. He was elected first Mayor of Dayton under the charter of 1829. He was a man of sterling integrity, and a great reader of good books. He served in the War of 1812 as first sergeant in Captain Steele's company. In the early history of the town the greater part of the deeds were drawn by him, and his legible but peculiar handwriting is familiar to many. His daughter, Mrs. William Atkin, and his granddaughter, Mrs. D. W. Iddings, are widely known in Dayton.
Besides donations in money, Mr. Cooper presented for the use of the academy two lots on St. Clair Street, opposite Cooper Park, just north of Park Presbyterian Church, on which, in 1808, a two-story brick building was erected by subscription. He also gave a bell. In 1807 and 1808 a debating-club met on winter evenings in the academy.
This was the only boys' school in Dayton for many years. The first teacher was William M. Smith. He and his sons were prominent citizens. In his contract with the trustees he agreed to teach reading, writing, arithmetic, the classics, and the sciences. Teaching in elocution was also given prominence. In 1815 Mr. Smith had for assistant Rev. James B. Findlay, who afterwards became a distinguished Methodist preacher. About 1820 Mr. Smith was succeeded by Gideon McMillan, a graduate of the University of Glasgow, who in his advertisements made claims to great scholarship. Succeeding teachers were Captain · McMullin ; James H. Mitchell, a graduate of Yale, who after- wards followed the profession of civil engineer, and was a leading citizen for many years ; E. E. Barney, a graduate of Union Col- lege, New York, and a remarkable teacher and man. Mr. Barney, by the introduction of the analytical method, exercised an impor- tant influence on our public schools. Teachers educated by him
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carried these methods into the schools in advance of most places in the West, and gave them in their early history a high reputa- tion. The year before Mr. Barney came, 1833, the old academy had been sold and a new one erected on the southwest corner of Fourth and Wilkinson streets. The trustees this year were Aaron Baker, Job Haines, Obadiah B. Conover, James Steele, and John W. Van Cleve. In 1840 Collins Wight, long known as a dealer in lumber, taught in the academy. He was succeeded in 1844 by Milo G. Williams, a teacher of large experience and reputation, who remained till 1850, when the academy was deeded to the Board of Education.
Among the early settlers of Dayton were Henry Bacon, Luther Bruen, and Jonathan Harshman - very unlike, but, nevertheless, all typical men. Mr. Bacon was a successful lawyer, and a man of unusual legal as well as literary acquirements. He served as prosecuting attorney, and ably discharged the duties of the office. He was endowed with much force and keenness of intel- lect, and "waked up sometimes, in addressing a jury, especially as a prosecutor of criminal cases, to flashes of eloquence." Two grandsons of Henry Bacon are prominent in Dayton-General Samuel B. and J. Mc Lain Smith.
Luther Bruen was born in New Jersey in 1783, and came to Dayton in 1804. He was an influential and useful citizen, and noted for benevolence as well as for business talent. He has a number of descendants-Frank, Robert, and Mary Bruen, Mrs. Sella Wright, David B., Quincy, and Thomas Corwin, Mrs. Susie Zeller, Mrs. Dr. Pauley, Mrs. Charles D. Mead, Miss Mary and Miss Martha and William Brady.
Mr. Bruen was a practical abolitionist in times when to advo- cate antislavery principles required both moral and physical courage and enlightened views. A number of the founders of our city came to Ohio before 1808 because they did not want to bring up their children in a slave State. But there was little active opposition to what the father of one of them called "that great oppression " till 1832, when a respectable, industrious colored man, much liked by every one, a refugee from Kentucky who had lived here three years, was, in spite of protests and every effort for his legal protection on the part of the people, arrested by a party of slave catchers. The law delivered the negro over to his master. A great deal of sympathy and indig- nation were excited by this iniquitous proceeding, and citizens
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offered to buy his freedom and prevent his separation from his freeborn wife. The master declined to sell, when his agents wrote to him, so valuable a servant, and came himself to take " Black Ben " to Kentucky. Arrived at Cincinnati, the captive was confined for the night in a fourth-story room of a hotel. "All being safe, as they thought, about one o'clock, when they were in a sound sleep, poor Ben threw himself from the window, which is upwards of forty feet from the pavement." He was dreadfully injured, but lived two days. "A poor and humble being of an unfortunate and degraded race, the same feeling which animated the signers of the Declaration of Independence to pledge life, fortune, and honor for liberty determined him to be free or die. Mr. D. left this morning with the dead body of his slave, to which he told me he would give decent burial in his own churchyard. Please tell Ben's wife of these circumstances." Strange to say, the words first quoted are from a letter which Ben's master requested a friend to write to the Dayton Journal. Poor Ben's capture and suicide were not forgotten in Dayton.
Twenty-four people of color left Dayton on October 21, 1824, for Hayti. Their expenses were paid by the Haytian govern- ment, which was inviting negro emigrants from the United States, and sent an agent to New York to take charge of the large numbers who were willing to go; but citizens afforded aid, and felt much sympathy for those who went from Dayton. The departure was a scene of the greatest excitement-wild weeping, wailing, and shouting, and lamentations over the separation for life from friends and home; but nearly all who went from here soon found their way back again to Dayton. A colonization society was formed November 24, 1826, and the following gentle- men were appointed a committee to solicit subscriptions to the constitution : Aaron Baker, Henry Stoddard, Luther Bruen, O. B. Conover, and S. S. Cleveland.
In 1839 Luther Bruen was able to form an antislavery society, of which he was elected president. On South Main Street, west side, between Fourth and Fifth streets, a church known as the Union or Newlight Church, which was largely built with money subscribed by Mr. Bruen; was erected. Here lectures by famous antislavery leaders were frequently delivered. The meetings were frequently interrupted and the speakers treated with vic- lence and indignity by angry proslavery crowds. In 1836 Dr. Birney and Rev. Mr. Rankin, who were invited to address an
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audience at the Union Church, barely escaped with their lives, and were hidden away for some hours, one at the residence of Dr. H. Jewett, a leading physician and active Abolitionist, and the other at the home of his relative, 'Dr. Jolin Steele, who, though not an Abolitionist, believed in justice and free speech. The mob destroyed or injured the houses of Abolitionists and negroes, and tore to pieces the Bible, and broke the windows and stove at the church. Side by side in the Journal with the account of the organization of the antislavery society may be seen one of those coal-black little pictures representing a bare- headed colored man, carrying a bundle hung on a stick, and with negro quarters in the background, making all speed for the free States, which so often at this date appeared in the Dayton news- papers. The poor fellow is described as "likely and pleasant when spoken to, easily alarmed, and calling himself Washing- ton, though that was not his name."
Jonathan Harshman came to Montgomery County from Mary- land, at the age of twenty-four, in 1805, and purchased forty acres of land in what is now Madriver Township; but he and his family are so identified with Dayton that his life is part of the history of the town. The first three years after his arrival he spent in clearing his land, with the assistance of his neighbors, helping them in turn. In 1808 he married Susannah Rench, daughter of John Rench, an active and enterprising business man, who did much to promote the prosperity of the town. Among the latter's descendants are William H., Johanna, David C., and Charles Rench.
Mrs. Jonathan Harshman was, like many of the pioneer wonen, of whom their grandchildren are so proud, a strong character, energetic, industrious, and capable in many directions. In the period now reached there were not only housekeeping, cooking, and sewing to attend to, but cows to milk, butter to churn, poultry to care for, the smokehouse to fill with hams, sausage, and pickled pork ; the vegetable garden to cultivate-in town as well as in the country. All these things were the duties of a housekeeper, and to these multifarious labors spinning and weaving were added. The spinning-wheel and loom were found in i11ost houses. Many yards of linsey-woolsey were woven and made into summer clothes for children and grown people; wliile wool was woven into blankets, dress goods, clotlı, and flannels for winter wear by the mistress of a family and her daughters. The
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"help," if any was employed, was some farmer's daughter, a friend or acquaintance, who was literally one of the family, though she received wages. Frequently the help was a bound girl, an orphan, whom the county was obliged to support, and whom the commissioners placed in a private family on condition that she should be free at eighteen and receive from her employers, on leaving them, a certain sum of money, clothes, and specified articles of furniture. No wages were paid her, but she received for her work food, clothing, and lodging.
In addition to his farming, Mr. Harshman engaged in milling and distilling, and opened with John Rench a store, trading for country produce, which they sent in flatboats for sale to Cincin- nati or New Orleans. He accumulated a large fortune. In 1845 he was elected president of the Dayton Bank, and served until 1850. He was a member of the Twenty-fourth General Assembly of Ohio. In earlier years he was a stanch Federalist, and later an ardent Whig. In 1840 the famous Harrison convention was held in Dayton on the moth of September. General Harrison, on his journey to Dayton, reached Jonathan Harshman's, five miles from town, on the evening of the 9th, and spent the night there. Early in the morning, his escort, which had been encamped at Fairview, marched to Mr. Harshman's residence, and halted till seven o'clock for breakfast, when it got in motion under com- mand of Joseph Barnett, of Dayton, and other marshals from Clark County. Mr. Harshman died in 1850, and his wife in 1839. They had eight children. Elizabeth married Israel Huston, Catherine married Valentine Winters, Jonathan married Abigail Hiveling. These are all deceased, as are Mary, who became the wife of George Gorman, and Susannah, who married Daniel Beckel. Three sons-Joseph, George W., and Reuben -- survive.
In the fall election of 1808 one hundred and ninety-six votes were cast at the Dayton Court-house. This year the first brick residence erected in town, a substantial, comfortable, two-story dwelling, was built by Henry Brown on the west side of Main . Street on the alley between Second and Third streets. It was occu- pied till 1863 as a dwelling, and from then till it was torn down as a newspaper office. Mr. Brown kept in his stable a cannon, which, not so much because it was taken down to the river bank by an excited crowd and fired on the very rare occasions when there was anything to celebrate in Dayton, as on account of its
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1839-1867.
TRANSCRIPT OFFIC
O QA STAVO SCHIAVI AOLAVO
51000
UNOVER
Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.
MAIN STREET IN 1846, LOOKING NORTH FROM BELOW THIRD.
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imposing name, "Mad Anthony," was an object of awe and curi- osity to all the boys and girls in town. Mr. Brown was engaged in trade with the Indians, and had obtained this cannon front them in exchange for his merchandise. It had been abandoned in the woods by one of the regiments of the Western army. As it was the only cannon in town for many years, it was quite an important possession. Finally it burst, killing the patriotic gunner who was firing it. At one time a company of mounted rangers was formed in Dayton, and called for the cannon the Mad Anthony Troop. When Mr. Brown first brought it here, it used to be fired on the vacant lots on Main Street, opposite his house.
Rev. James Welsh, M.D., and Dr. John Elliott, a retired army surgeon, both already mentioned, were interesting characters of this period. Dr. Welsh was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church from 1804 to 1817, and also practiced medicine and kept a drug-store. Notices to delinquent patients over his signature, like the following, frequently appeared in the newspapers : "I must pay my debts. To do this is impracticable unless those who are indebted to me pay me what they owe. All such are once more, for the last time, called on to come forward and make payment before the 25th of March next, or, disagreeable as it is, compulsory measures may be certainly expected." The death of Dr. Elliott, who died in 1809, was considered a great loss to the community, as he was socially and professionally popular. The Repertory contained a eulogistic obituary, and not only citizens, but large numbers from the country, attended his funeral. He was buried with martial honors, and Captain James Steele's troop of horse and Captain Paul Butler's company of infantry headed the procession to the Sixth-Street cemetery. These two military organizations were probably formed for defense against the Indians, at this date restive and threatening.
Between 1808 and 1810 Dayton began to grow and prosper. Two editors, a minister, a lawyer, a school-teacher, and three physi- cians were numbered among the inhabitants, and there were five stores and three taverns, all doing well. A square or two on First Street, and the west side of Main Street from Newcom's Tavern to the Court-house alley, except the corner on which stood McCullum's Tavern, and the site of Reid's Inn, were occupied by residences, separated from each other by several vacant lots. The east side of Main Street was not built up, and was covered with hazel bushes and wild fruit-trees, except tlie
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lots from the High School alley to the southeast corner of Main and First streets, which were occupied by Grimes's Tavern and Cooper & Compton's and Steele & Peirce's stores. The first-named store fronted on First Street. Dwellings were built close to the pavement, with no ground between, but there were large yards at the side and back of the houses. Streets were not graveled, no care was taken of walks, and fences were of the stake-and- rider or post-and-rail order.
Grimes's Tavern stood on the south corner of the first alley south of Monument Avenue. It was a one-story-and-a-half log house, and in the alley back of it were a log barn and feed-yard. A few years later, when it had ceased to be kept by its original owner, several frame additions and a large dining-room having been added, it became a popular place for parties and balls. Colonel John Grimes, the proprietor, was the father of Alexander Grimes, and the grandfather of Charles G. Grimes. Alexander Grimes was for many years ( 1831-1843) cashier of the Dayton Bank, and also in 1819 a director. No one was more thoroughly identified with this bank than he. On the Ist of January, 1843, he, as agent, closed up the affairs of the bank. At an early day he was in partnership with Steele and Peirce, under the name of Grimes & Company. In 1817 the firm was dissolved. Mr. Grimes married, first, Miss Gordon, and, second, Miss Maria Greene, a member of a leading Dayton family. In connection with Edward Davies, he was trustee of the estate of David Zeigler Cooper, heir of D. C. Cooper. The property rapidly increased in value, and was also a great benefit to Dayton as a result of their prudent and liberal management. Mr. Grimes served in the War of 1812.
Reid's Inn stood on the west side of Main Street, between First and Second streets, the present site of the First Baptist Church. The proprietor earned his title by service in the War of 1812. He was in command of the First Battalion of the First Regiment of Ohio Militia. The inn parlor was a favorite place for public meetings, in which Colonel Reid was a leading spirit, and in the large barnyard for years the menageries and museums which visited the town annually always gave their exhibitions. The "Inn or House of Entertainment" -as, to escape the tavern license of ten dollars, it was called in the advertisement inserted in the newspaper-kept by Colonel Reid was a frame building two stories high, with a belfry for the dinner-bell. On the large
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