USA > Ohio > Allen County > History of Allen County, Ohio, and representative citizens, Part One > Part 23
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74.8
75.2
71.5
69.7
58.5
36.7
28.7
1885.
21.9
19.1
27.9
51.6
61.7
66.7
75.4
72.4
68.6
52.0
41.6
32.9
1886
24.3
29.8
40.1
57.8
63.8
74.1
74.0
74.1
68.5
54.6
39.8
23.8
1887.
27.1
36.1
37.9
60.4
67.0
72.8
79.6
70.2
66.8
54.3
41.7
29.8
1888
24,6
30.9
34,0
51.4
61.9
72.3
74.7
73.3
63.8
49.7
44.7
35.9
1889.
34.7
26.8
44.4
52.1
62.6
67.9
75.7
73.3
66.3
51.7
43.4
48.6
1890
39.6
40.2
35.9
52.2
63.4
71.2
76.9
70.8
64.0
55.7
46.3
31.7
1891.
33.2
36,9
34.9
54.9
60.8
72.2
70.6
68.1
69.8
54.2
40.9
41.7
1892
26.3
36.4
36.1
49.0
63.4
75.4
77.3
76.2
56.9
57.6
30.6
32.0
1893
28.7
30.4
42.5
50.7
62.3
70.2
77.0
74.5
62.5
59.1
43.2
35.4
1894.
35.2
29.5
47.7
53.1
64.3
73.6
78.9
71.5
69,9
53.3
38,9
37.1
1895
35.9
20.6
25.8
53.5
57.4
75.3
75.5
74.1
69.9
49.9
41.3
35.5
1896.
31.0
29.5
34.4
56.9
68.7
72.6
76.3
72.1
65.8
50.3
43.1
33.7
1897
29.6
33.7
42.5
48.6
56.3
58.4
78.2
69.0
67.5
59.0
42.1
31.8
1898
33,2
32.4
44.2
48.5
61.5
72.6
76.3
74.0
69.2
53.8
38.9
29.1
1899.
27.1
20.9
36.0
55.0
62.1
70.5
74.1
74.1
62.1
57.8
44.7
30.3
1900
30.0
25.6
32.3
49.6
63.7
69.2
72.7
77.9
68.9
60.5
38.2
31.4
1901.
28.8
21.9
27.7
46.9
56.6
71.7
81.0
73.0
63.8
57.9
39.1
27.6
1902
27.9
23.8
40.1
46.1
62.1
67.7
73.8
68.5
61,7
57.7
49.9
28.0
1903.
30.7
29.8
45.2
50.4
64.1
65.8
74.0
73.4
67.3
53.5
53.7
24.8
1904
20.7
22.7
39.6
44.8
60,9
68.4
75.7
63.6
67.2
54.3
43.0
28.2
1905
24.3
21.0
44.9
50.4
63.7
74.8
75.5
75.3
69.2
50.4
39.6
32.4
Hardin
303,531
485,710
1,186,468 144,427
I66
HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY
The following table shows the total num- ber of days in each year in which rain or snow fell during the 25 years ending December 31, I 905 :
1
Year
Rain or Snow
Days
Year
Rain or Snow
Days
1881
R
91
1894
R
86
1881
S
40
1894
S
28
1882
R
108
1895
R
58
1882
S
32
1895
S
26
1883
R
108
1896
R
98
1883
S
44
1896
S
24
1884
R
90
1897
R
89
1884
S
40
1897
S
30
1885
R
99
1898
R
71
1885
S
32
1898
S
24
1886
R
83
1899
R
67
1886
S
44
1899
S
27
1887
R
105
1900
R
75
1887
S
37
1900
S
27
1888
R
94
1901
R
1888
S
32
1901
S
36
1889
R
94
1902
R
84
1889
S
30
1902
S
27
1890
R
99
1903
R
1890
S
33
1903
S
72 28
1891
R
96
1904
R
88
1891
S
27
1904
S
42
1892
R
106
1905
R
92
1892
S
38
1905
S
31
1893
R
73
1893
S
46
The total precipitation (rain and melted snow and hail) in Allen County for the 25 years ending December 31, 1905, was 84 feet 91/2 inches, divided among the 12 months as follows: January, 90.3 inches; February, 97.3; March, 102.5; April, 87.0; May, III.5; June 100.8; July, 84.7; August, 76.9; Sep- tember, 56.8; October, 54.8; November, 81.9; and December, 73.0.
THE STREAMS OF ALLEN COUNTY.
While this county is not noted for either the number or the great beauty of its streams, yet for historical purposes they cannot be omitted. The Auglaize River is one of the historical streams of Ohio. Its name is syn-
onymous with the names of great Indian chiefs, bold fortifications, lasting victories and disastrous defeats. Along its sedgy banks marched the serried columns of Wayne and St. Clair; through its dark ravines the dusky war- riors of Tecumseh fought; on its bank one of the earliest forts in all Northwestern Ohio was erected-Fort Amanda-and there, too, was. a shipyard and a national cemetery. The United States government began business at this point for here was the first postoffice. In the days of "Auld Lang Syne," the Auglaize was a navigable stream, capable of floating heavy laden flatboats, pirogues and scows, but in the present time it is greatly reduced in size, because of the very complete drainage of the country.
This stream has its source in Hardin County, flowing through the townships of Auglaize, Perry, Amanda and Marion, thence curving through the counties of Putnam, Paulding and Defiance, it enters the Maumee at Defiance. In the angle formed by the union of these two streams was located Fort Defi- ance.
The Ottawa River, which flows through Lima, has also an interesting history. The name is fully explained in another chapter, and the very interesting account of the pioneer poet whose ear for harmonious sounds was so noted is given below. The Ottawa River has its source in the "Great Marsh" of Hardin Coun- ty and flows through the townships of Jack- son, Bath, Ottawa, Shawnee, German and Sugar Creek, entering the Auglaize River in Paulding County.
Important among the smaller streams of the county are Riley Creek, Sugar Creek, Plum Creek, Cranberry Creek and Dog Creek.
THE BEAUTIFUL "SWINONIA."
There died at Findlay, May 12, 1856, at the age of 68 years, Andrew Coffinberry. He was born in Virginia and came to Mansfield, Ohio, about 1808. After the second war, with Great Britain, he studied law at Mansfield with John M. May, and then for nearly half a cen- tury he practiced in nearly all of the counties of Northwestern Ohio, beginning with their
167
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
organization. He was, says Knapp, conspicu- ous among the old-time lawyers of the Mau- mee Valley, and beloved by his professional brethren and by all with whom he came in contact.
He obtained the sobriquet of "Good Count Coffinberry" by reason of his kindly nature, genteel address and extraordinary neatness of dress. When traversing the circuit from county seat to county seat, the journeys al- ways being on horseback, he carried a consid- erable apparel. From his resemblance to the German count or baron Puffendorf, he was sometimes called "Count Puffendorf." Many comical stories are told of him.
In 1842 the Count came before the public in the role of a poet in a small volume printed by Wright & Legg at Columbus. It was en- titled "The Forest Rangers: A Poetic Tale of the Western Wilderness in 1794, connected with and comprising the march and battle of General Wayne's army, and abounding with interesting incidents of fact and fiction, in seven cantos."
The scene of the book is of course the Black Swamp region, the Maumee country, wherein the words of the poem :
Mustered strong the Kas-Kas-Kies, Wyandots and the Miamies, Also the Potawatamies, The Delawares and Chippewas,
The Kickapoos and Ottawas, The Shawanoes and many strays From almost every Indian Nation, Had joined the fearless congregation, Who after St. Clair's dread defeat, Returned to this secure retreat.
The main subject is the story of the cap- ture, captivity and final rescue of the maiden Julia Gray and the wedded Nancy Gibbs. The poem gives personal narratives, dialogues, In- dian speeches, drinking-songs of Wayne's sol- diers, death-songs of savages, etc. It also de- scribes natural scenery wherein Hog Creek for the purposes of euphony appears under the name "Swinonia," thus :
From Blanchard to Swinonia, he
Hied o'er to see, who there might be.
To make it true to nature the illiterate frontier characters speak their own vernacular in doggerel rhyme. For instance, Mrs. Nancy Gibbs, who states her "maiding name was Nancy Jarred," in describing her courtship by Gibbs, says :
His ways was all so dreffle nice, What maiding could reject the splice?
The book stretches out for 200 pages, and in such a curious conglomeration of intensely realistic jingle, and, as a whole, is such a strange eccentric conception that any allusion to it in the presence of those acquainted with it seldom fails to bring a twinkle in their eyes. His old friends on the bench and at the bar, and they were a host, at the time of its appear- ance, now nearly half a century gone, enjoyed it hugely, for it brought the good Count and his oddities so vividly before them.
For the foregoing article on Count Coffin- berry and the beautiful "Swinonia," we are in- debted to the account found in Howe's "His- torical Collections of Ohio."
SPRINGS.
Most springs are fed by meteoric waters in the form of rain and snow, that percolate into the soil and accumulate at some depth in the strata. This accumulation is known as ground water, and its upper surface, which is called the water level, coincides more or less closely with the surface of the ground, receding from it, however, under the hill crests and approach- ing it closely under the valleys. When the side of a valley is steep, or its floor is much de- pressed, the ground water may come to the surface and escape as a spring.
Springs may also be formed by the perco- lating waters encountering an impervious layer of clay or cemented sand which retards their further descent, causing them to follow this dense stratum, until they emerge on some hill slope. Springs of this character are more or less dependent on rainfall. All water, in penetrating the soil and rocks, even if at no great deptli, becomes more or less charged with dissolved mineral and organic matter, as
168
HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY
by reason of its carbonic acid it possesses marked solvent powers. Spring waters there- fore commonly contain various solid sub- stances in solution, such as carbonate, sul- phate or muriate of lime, salts of soda, potash, magnesia, and iron, or more rarely silica. When the quantity of dissolved solids is unus- ually large, the spring is termed a mineral spring, and is often utilized for medicinal pur- poses.
1
Underground waters may collect above an impervious stratum, which does not appear at the surface, and escape by slow percolation through the overlying strata, forming a marsh or swale. To such marshy tracts occurring in the arid regions of California, Arizona and Mexico, the name cienaga has been given.
Mineral Springs .- The springs of the county, some of which produce mineral water, are found chiefly in Bath, Shawnee, Richland and Marion townships. The water flows directly from the waterlime rock, which is charged with its current from the Niagara formation. On sections 7 and 8, Bath town- ship, white sulphur springs are the rule rather than the exception; while the artesian wells at Bluffton, Lima and other points afford a good supply of water strongly impregnated with valuable chemical properties.
In almost any portion of the county water for domestic purposes may be found at a depth of from 10 to 30 feet. In Spencer, Amanda, the southern portion of Marion and part of German and Sugar Creek townships, a good supply of excellent water is found on penetrat- ing the bed-rock; while in the northern part of Marion township on the Van Wert ridge, water is found in the gravel above the modified drift. The drift in Ohio is very largely the source of well water, and of springs.
The famous old sulphur spring on the Lamison farm has long been noted in the an- nails of the county. Its destruction by the ruthless hand of commerce is referred to in the beautiful poem of C. W. Westbay in Chapter VI. The beautiful spring at the Children's Home in Shawnee township is a source of pleasure and comfort, not only to the children of the home but to many weary travelers, and
the great flowing sulphur spring on the Spen- cerville road west of Lima is well worth a visit. These springs have great economic usefulness and enhance the value of the land upon which they are located.
BOTANY.
All the trees and shrubs indigenous to Northwestern Ohio are found in Allen County in the highest state of botanical development. Among the leading trees, those named in the following list attain the limit of growth here : Beech, sugar maple, white oak, sycamore, shag-bark hickory, white ash, flowering dog- wood, American elm, prickly ash, red oak, blue ash, June berry, thorn, swamp white oak, honey locust, water beech, black walnut, iron wood, black willow, mulberry, basswood, cot- tonwood, buckeye, burr oak, large-toothed aspen, plum, swamp maple, black ash, Ken- tucky coffee bean, black cherry, trembling aspen, sumach, black thorn, balm of Gilead, pin oak, pawpaw and a species of butternut.
The flora of the county comprises no less than 400 genera, embracing about 900 species.
ARCHAEOLOGY.
It has been said that no portion of Ohio is without its souvenirs of that mysterious race called the Mound-Builders. In this county stone hammers, axes and chisels have been found. Flint spear-heads and stone figures have been unearthed, and many are of the fin- est quality.
In the excavations made in water-lime and Niagara conformations, prints of leaves and tracks of animals unknown to our present bot- anists and geologists have been discovered. Fossils are found in both hard clay and rock. Remains of the megalosaurus and lesser lizards, the megalonyx or great sloth, masto- don, dinotherium and other huge animals known to us only by their gigantic fossil re- mains, have been exhumed in various parts of the county. Traces of the Mound-Builders are found along the streams.
The burial mounds of the Indians, resid-
T
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1
A 35,000-BARREL TANK OF BURNING CRUDE PETROLEUM (The tank had been struck by lightning : it has been shot by the cannon to save the oil) Courtesy of Lima Times-Democrat
17I
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
ing in Allen County in the early years of its settlement, were leveled by them in 1832-33, before their migration Westward, as noted in a previous chapter.
ZOOLOGY.
This county, like others of Northwestern Ohio, was fully stocked with all the animals and reptiles of the Western wilderness. In 1831 the larger animals were numerous, as is evidenced by the fact that during that year a deer made its appearance in the streets of Lima. The elk was not an inhabitant at this time, though little doubt can exist of his stay here up to the close of the first quarter of this century.
The bear and panther were old residents of the district, and regular visitants for many years after the settlement of the county was begun. The wolf continued to make the coun- ty his home until about 1860, so also was the red deer an old and friendly neighbor of the pioneers. The wild-hog roamed through the county as late as 1833. A hundred species of fur-bearing animals could be found in the primeval wilderness, a hundred species of beautiful birds in the forests, while the marsh and creek and river and forest and opening were inhabited by venomous reptiles. With the departure of the Indians, all the large ani- mals as well as the most dangerous of the rep- tiles disappeared.
SOME BIRDS OF ALLEN COUNTY. By Paul J. Stueber.
We may accept as true Professor Morse's estimate of the value of birds to the scientist ; we need not question their importance in the economics of Nature, but we are still far from recognizing the possibilities of their influence upon our lives. An inherent love of birds is an undeniable psychological fact, which finds its most frequent expression in the general fondness for cage birds. If we can learn to re- gard the birds of the woods and fields with all the affections we lavish on our poor captives in their gilded homes, what an inexhaustible store of enjoyment is ours.
It is not alone the beauty, power of song, or intelligence of birds which attract us, it is
their human attributes. Man exhibits hardly a trait which he will not find reflected in the life of a bird. Love, hate; courage, fear ; anger, pleasure; vanity, modesty ; virtue, vice; constancy, fickleness; generosity, selfishness ; wit, curiosity, memory, reason-we may find them all exhibited in the lives of birds. Birds have thus become symbolic of certain human characteristics, and the more common species are so interwoven in our art and literature that .by name at least they are known to all of us. Shakespeare makes over 600 references to birds or bird-life. If we should rob Words- worth's verses of their birds, how sadly muti- lated what remained would be!
But why leave a knowledge of birds to poets and naturalists? Go yourself to the field and learn that birds do not exist solely in books, but are concrete, sentient beings, whose acquaintance may bring you more unalloyed happiness than the wealth of the Indies. John Burroughs understands this when he writes of the study of birds: "There is a fascination about it quite overpowering. It fits so well with other things-with fishing, hunting, farming, walking, camping out-with all that takes one to the fields and woods. One may go blackberrying and make some rare discov- ery; while driving his cow to pasture, hear a new song, or make a new observation. Secrets lurk on all sides. There is news in every bush. What no man ever saw before may the next moment be revealed to you. What a new in- terest the woods have! How you long to ex- plore every nook and corner of them."
Human friends may pass beyond our ken, but our list of acquaintances in the bird world increases to the end and shows no vacancies. The marsh the blackbirds loved may become the site of the factory, but no event on the cal- endar is more certain than that in due time and place we shall hear the tinkling chorus of the epauleted minstrels rising and falling on the crisp morning air.
* Time may come when never more The wilderness shall hear the lion roar ;
But, long as the cock shall crow from household perch To rouse the dawn, soft gales shall speed thy wing, And thy erratic voice be faithful to the spring!
172
HISTORY OF ALLEN COUNTY
The woods of our youth may disappear, but the thrushes will always sing for us, and their voices, endeared by cherished associa- tions, arouse echos of a hundred songs and awaken memories before which the years will vanish.
Whether your object be, to study birds as a scientist or simply as a lover of Nature, the first step is the same-you must learn to know them: with patience and practice the identifi- cation of birds is a comparatively easy matter, and in the end you will name them with sur- prising ease and certainty. There is generally more character in the flight of a bird than there is in the gait of a man. Both are frequently indescribable but perfectly diagnostic, and you learn to recognize bird friends as you do hu- man ones-by experience.
If the people of dear old Allen would find themselves early some spring morning in a tree-dotted meadow with a reed-bordered pond or stream surrounded by woods, rolling up- lands and orchards, they would in all probabil- ity see a great number of the below mentioned birds :
Zenaidura macroura (Linn.) ; Mourning Dove (Male) .-- Upper parts olive grayish brown; forehead vinaceous, crown bluish slate color ; sides of neck with metallic reflection, a small black mark below the ear, tail feathers like back, outer ones banded with black and broadly tipped with ashy white; breast vina- ceous; belly cream-buff. Length 11.85. Width 5.72.
Nest, a flat structure of small twigs rather loosely put together on lower branches of a tree, generally within 10 feet of the ground ; rarely on the ground. Eggs, two or three have been found, white, 1.07 x .83.
Doves resemble wild pigeons, but are much smaller, and their rapid flight is accompanied by the whistling sound of the wings, while the flight of the wild pigeon is said to be noiseless.
The sweet, sad call of the male has won for the species its common name; it consists of sev- eral soft coos.
These notes are uttered slowly and tender- ly and with such apparent depth of feeling. that one might easily imagine the bird was
mourning the loss of his mate, instead of sing- ing a love song to her.
Megascops asio (Linn.) ; Screech Owl (Rufous Phase) .- Small size, about like a robin; ear-tufts conspicuous, about an inch in length; upper parts bright rufous. finely streaked with black; under parts white; toes rather scantily feathered; eyes yellow. 1
Nest in hollow trees, woodpecker holes, etc. Eggs, 4 to 6 or even 8 and 9, white subspherical.
When night comes one may hear the screech owl's tremulous wailing whistle. It is a weird, melancholy call, welcomed only by those who love Nature's voice, whatever be the medium through which she speaks.
Ceryle alcyon (Linn.) ; Belted Kingfisher (Adult Male) .- Upper parts bluish gray ; wings with small white spots, most of the. feathers tipped with white, tail feathers with numerous spots and broken bands of white; a white spot before the eye; throat white, this. color passing on to the sides of the neck and nearly meeting on the back of the neck; a band across the breast, and the sides bluish gray. Length 13.02. Width 6.17. Bill 2.00.
Nest, in a hole in a bank, about six feet from the entrance. Eggs, five to eight, white, 1.34X1.05.
The shores of wooded streams and ponds. are the chosen haunts of the kingfisher. Silent- ly he perches on some limb overhanging the- water, ever on the alert for food or foe.
The kingfisher hunts after the manner of the fish hawk. In passing over the water it needs only the glint of a shining fin or scale just beneath the surface to catch his watchful eye. On quickly moving wings he hovers over the place, waiting only a fair chance to plunge. on the unsuspecting fish below. Emerging from the water with his prey in his bill, he shakes the spray from his plumage, and, with an exultant rattle, flies away to some favorite perch.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linn.) ; Red- Headed Woodpecker .- Head, neck, throat, and upper breast deep red; upper back, primaries, bases of the secondaries and wing-coverts. bluish black; rump and upper tail coverts
173
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
white; tail black, feathers more or less tipped or margined with white; lower breast and belly white.
In the immature bird, the red head and neck of the adult is replaced by mixed grayish brown and fuscous; lower breast and belly white, more or less streaked or spotted with fuscous. Length 9.75. Width 5.52.
Nest generally in a dead tree. Eggs four to six; when fresh, a beautiful pinkish white, but after incubation a glossy white.
Cyanocitta cristata (Linn.) ; Blue Jay .- Upper parts grayish blue; under parts dusky whitish, whiter on the throat and belly; a black band passing across the back of the head down the sides of the neck and across the breast; head crested; exposed surface of the wings blue, the greater wing-coverts and sec- ondaries barred with black and tipped with white; tail blue, all but the outer feathers barred with black, and all but the middle pair broadly tipped with white. Length 11.74. Width 5.14. Tail 5.19.
Nest, of rootlets, compactly interwoven, generally in a tree crotch. Eggs four to six, pale olive-green or brownish ashy, rather thickly marked with distinct or obscure spots of varying shades of cinnamon-brown, 1.10 x.85.
Like many men the blue jay needs the in- spiration of congenial company to bring out the social side of his disposition. Household duties may perhaps absorb him, but certain it is that when at home he is very different from the noisy fellow who, with equally noisy com- rades, roams the woods in the fall.
Yes, one may hear his "jay, jay" ring out on a frosty morning air in the city.
The blue jay is both a mimic and a ven- triloquist. Besides an inexhaustible stock of whistles and calls of his own, he imitates the notes of other species, notably those of several different hawks.
Cathartes aura ( Linn.) ; Turkey Vulture (Turkey Buzzard) .- Recognition marks: Ea- gle size or less ; naked red head; black plumage nearly uniform; soaring flight.
Nest in hollow trees, stumps or fallen logs, or in crannies of cliffs. Eggs, two, rarely -
three, elliptical-oval, dull white, greenish or buffy white, spotted and blotched irregularly with rich dark brown. Average size 2.80 x1.95.
Dolichonyx orysivorus (Linn.) ; Bobo- link .- Our June fields and meadows echo with the bobolink's "mad music" as on quivering wing he sings in ecstasy to his mate on her nest in the grasses below. What a wonderful song it is! An inexpressible outburst; a flood of melody from a heart overflowing with the joy of early summer.
Piranga erythromelas (Vieill.) ; Scarlet Tanager (Male) .- Bright scarlet, wings and tail black, under wing-coverts white. Nest, of fine twigs and weed stalks, seven to 20 feet up. Eggs, three to four, pale bluish white, with numerous rufous markings.
High among the tree tops of the cool green woods the tanager sings through the summer days. We are first guided to him by his call and song. They are peculiar, and both have a rare woodsy flavor.
Rallus longirostris crepitans (Ginel.) ; Clapper Rail .- Fulica americana (Gmnel.) ; American Coot ( Mud Hen) .- Actitis macula- ria (Linn.) ; Spotted Sandpiper .- Colinus vir- ginianus ( Linn.) ; Bob White Quail .- Col- aptes auratus (Linn.) ; Flicker, Yellow Ham- mer .- Chordeiles virginianus (Gmel.) ; Night- hawk .- Chactura pelagica (Linn.) ; Chimney Swallow .- Trochilus colubris (Linn.) ; Ruby- Throated Hummingbird .- Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.) ; Kingbird. - Sayornis phoebe (Lath.) ; Phoebe .- Nyctala acadica (Ginel.) ; Saw Whet Owl .- Falco sparverius (Linn.) ; American Sparrow Hawk .- Accipiter cooperi (Bonap.) ; Cooper Hawk (Chicken Hawk) .- Dryobates villosus (Linn. ); Hairy Wood- pecker .- Corvus americanus ( Aud.) ; Ameri- can Crow .- Agclaixs phoeniceus (Linn.) ; Red-Winged Blackbird .- Sturnella magna (Linn.) ; Meadow Lark .- Icterus galbula (Linn.) ; Baltimore Oriole .- Quiscalus quis- cula aeneus (Ridgrv.) ; Bronzed Grackle .- Passer domesticus ( Linn.) ; English Sparrow. -Spinus tristis (Linn.) : American Goldfinch. Poocactes gramineus (Gmel.) : Vesper Spar- row .- Melospisa fasciata (Gmcl.) ; Song
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