USA > Ohio > Coshocton County > History of Coshocton County, Ohio, its past and present, 1740-1881 > Part 50
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The material prosperity of the farmers is am- pły attested by the erection of handsome brick and frame dwellings and large and commodious barns throughout the county. Particularly has
"Compiled chiefly from Hunt's llistorical Collections and the Agricultural Report.
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HISTORY OF COSHOCTON COUNTY.
this been noticeable within the last few years. fences with posts and boards. The osage hedge The log cabin in many localities is rapidly be- fence and the barbed wire fence have both been introduced and are meeting with some favor. coming a thing of the past. The maximum num- ber of cultivators of the soil was probably reached Corn has always been regarded as the principal crop. More acres of it have been planted and more bushels gathered than of any other. In 1857 when the cultivation of this crop reached its maximum, when there was much discourage- ment in relation to the growing of wheat in con- sequence of the pests to which it had been for a succession of years subjected, and when the sheep interest had not yet become so great, there were more than a million and a half bushels of corn raised. The principal kind is the yellow gord seed. , In 1878 there were 35,655 acres planted, and 1,242,284 bushels produced; in 1879, 33,373 aeres planted, and 937,546 bushels raised. White corn is grown in small quantities. Scarcely enough pop or sweet corn is raised to supply home demand. in 1850. From that year to 1870 there was a do- crease in the population of the county, owing to the fact that many of the well-to-do farmers of small tracts sold their possessions to more wealthy neighbors and moved away. These wealthy farmers, in a number of cases, own from five hundred to a thousand or more acres, and by their successive purchases have partially depopu- lated some districts. The most extensive land- holder at present is Lloyd Nichols, of Newcastle township, who has in his possession 3,212 acres in that township. It is a gratifying fact that, from 1870 to 1880, there was an increase of population in eighteen of the twenty-two townships in this county. This increase is due chietly to the growth of the agricultural regions, as only in one or two instances can it be ascribed to villages.
The land appraisers for 1880 returned a total acreage in the county of 352,249, valued at $7,670,- 694, an acreage value of $21.77 per acre. The buildings were rated at $709,981. Of the land, 166,229 acres are reported arable, 89,438 in meadow or pasture, and 96,582 as uncultivated or will land. The principal timber of practical usc is white oak-the most useful for all purposes where large lumber is needed. Besides, there are black and red oak, poplar, walnut, hickory, ash and chestnut-all in sufficient quantities to supply the wants of the people. The timber in this county is being rapidly exhausted, there be- ing portable saw-mills used in localities where timber is abundant, manufacturing our best tim- ber into lumber, which is used in builling post and rail fences in place of decaying rail fences. The effects of the rapid exhaustion of timber is shown by a wise action of the farmers in planting hedge fenees. There is a large growth of young chestnut trees on the hill-sides and on the uncul- tivated portions of the farms, which are very thrifty and produce fine crops of chestnuts. It is estimated that this county produced, in 1879, twenty thousand bushels of chestnuts, which were sold as low as one dollar per bushel. The farms are as yet generally enelosed by rail fences. Many of the farmers, however, are renewing their | yieldl, and seems to be a hardy winter wheat.
The wheat crop in Coshocton county has al- ways ranked next to corn in amount and value. The period of its most successful cultivation may be set down at from 1835 to 1850. The largest crop ever secured was in 1846. The roads to the canal warehouses and mills were often studded thickly for many rods with wagons waiting their turn to unload. In 1850 there was a larger acreage than in 1846, but the yield was not so great. In 1862 a half million bushels was reported as the yield. About 1850 the Hessian tly made its ap- pearance ; it was succeeded by the weevil; then there was serious trouble about winter freezing, and for twenty years this interest was much de- pressed. About 1870 farmers began to take good heart again, and, in 1874, there was a magnificant crop. The crop of 1875 was very seriously ef- fected by an unusually rainy season just at the harvest time. The last three harvests have been unusually large, that of 1879 surpassing corn in acreage and value. In 1878 there were 28,533 acres sown, and #10,376 bushels produced; in 1879, 41,395 acres sown, and 517,937 bushels pro- duced. There is a diversity of opinion as to the variety best adapted to this soil. The principal varieties grown are the Mediterranean, Fultz, Clawson and White Wheat. The Clawson wheat is sown by many of the farmers and gives a good
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HISTORY OF COSHOCTON COUNTY.
In earlier days the average yield was quite up to eighteen or twenty bushels per aere, but of late years thirteen to fifteen is regarded as good. At the county fair for 1878, there was one entry of field crop of wheat-eighteen and one half acres- which produced forty-five and one-third bushel per acre, by weight. In the days of high prices during the war, three dollars and twenty-five cents per bushel was paid for good wheat; the lowest price within the memory of carly settlers was twenty-five cents.
Rye has never been cultivated to any great ex- tent, but much more was raised in earlier days than now. In 1867 the largest acreage for a num- ber of years was put in-4,700 acres. It is now almost wholly abandoned, being neither very pro- ductive or very profitable. In 1878, 604 acres were sown and 6,634 bushels gathered; the next year there were 169 acres sown and 1,816 bushels produced.
In 1862 the barley crop was reported at 3,000, and has never been much above that. It has now practically ceased, there being, in 1879, only four acres returned with a yield of fifty bushels.
Oats is produced in considerable quantities. The principal variety grown is known as side oats. It is of good quality and yields an average crop. In 1878, 11,009 acres were sown, yielding .333,480 bushels ; in 1879 the acreage fell to 8,770 acres with a yield of 236,695 bushels.
Three hundred and thirty-nine acres of buck- wheat were raised in 1878, yielding 2,377 bushels; in 1879, 460 acres produced 4,855 bushels.
The principal varieties of potatoes grown are the White and Red Peachblow and Early and Late Rose. The best for carly use in quality and quantity is the Early Rose. For late use the White Peachblow seems to lead. The Colorado beetle has been its principal enemy for a few years, but, in spite of its ravages, good crops are produced. In 1878, 806 acres yielded 57,116 bushels, and in 1879, 920 acres produced 73,160 bushels.
Flax, in early days, received considerable at- tention. During the war, when cotton goods rose so in value, renewed interest was manifested in this crop. In 1862, sixty acres were planted. It may be said that none is now grown. For 1879 a solitary one-half acre was returned as the ex-
tent of its production in this county. . The opinion prevails among the farmers that it impoverishes the land and renders it worthless for growing other crops.
Broom corn has never been much cultivated in the county. Sorghum was a considerable item in war times. Three hundred and eighty-five acres of it were grown in 1862, and more still later. It is confined to small lots, chiefly for home use. In 1878, 186 acres were planted, which pro- duced 1,397 pounds of sugar and 11,282 gallons of syrup. In 1879,. the acreage fell to 99 acres, producing 62 pounds of sugar and 6,481 gallons of syrup.
In early times all, or nearly all, the sugar con- sumed in the county was of home manufacture -maple sugar. For many years it continued to be a leading product. As late as 1865 there were reported as produced in the county 4,000 pounds of sugar and 3,000 gallons of syrup. In 1879, 1,637 pounds of sugar and 926 gallons of syrup were reported. This amount was greatly dimin- ished in 1880, then reaching only 408 pounds of sugar and 322 gallons of syrup.
A considerable amount of tobacco lias been raised in Coshocton county. More than forty years ago there was the "tobacco fever." The farmers all went to raising it; the supply ex- cceded the demand, and there was considerable disgust. In 1858 there were only two and one- half acres raised. During the war there was a temporary extension of this interest, but not a very wide one. It is now grown only in small lots for home use. In 1879, 52 acres were raised.
There have been several efforts in the manu- facture of cheese, but they have not been long persisted in, nor very satisfactory. The most notable cheese factory was one set up about 1866, in Clark township. The farmers became tired of the constant and regular effort in the matter of furnishing milk, competition was heavy, and the factory, after running seven or eight years, was closed. There were, in 1878, 1,325 pounds of cheese produced in this county and in 1879, 790 pounds. The aggregate amount of butter annually made, for the last twenty-five years, has some- what exceeded half a million pounds. In 1879, 665,990 pounds were produced.
Coshocton is among the best bee counties in the
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HISTORY OF COSHOCTON COUNTY.
State. In 1878 it contained 4,114 hives, which produced 49,791 pounds of honey.
In 1868, an average year, 30,000 tons of hay were produced. During the last several years, owing to dry weather, etc., this erop has been short. In 1879, 20,950 acres of meadow produced but 22,684 tons of hay. The average and yield was about the same for 1878. In this latter year, 3,469 acres · of clover were sown; from it 3,129 tons of hay were produced, 2,621 bushels of seed, and 144 acres were plowed under for manure. The acre- age was somewhat larger, but the yield consider- ably smaller in 1879.
The first nurseryman in Coshocton county was doubtless the excentric, self-denying "Johnny Appleseed," an account of whom is given in an- other chapter of this work. The first orchards were for the most part, if not entirely, from seed- ling trees. Top grafting upon these was after- ward resorted to in a small degree, but without materially changing the general character of the fruit, except in a few instances. Some of the early settlers, coming in from Maryland and Vir- ginia, brought with them sprouts from the orch- ards of their home regions, and these, of course, contained those varieties. Some of these still have a place in the orchards of the descendants of those who brought them.
In 1832, Joshua B. Hart, of Tiverton township, had a bearing orchard of grafted fruit, consist- ing of the kinds brought out by the Ohio Com- pany when they settled at Marietta. Mr. Hart propogated some by grafting, but could not sell his trees and quit in a short time.
Joseph F. Munro had a large orchard planted for him by oll John Mathews, also of the Mari- etta sorts. The Robinsons had a few trees of the same.
William Miskimen, on Wills creek, practiced grafting in a small way, and had bearing apple trees of the kinds common in western Pennsyl- vania.
George Henderson had a bearing orchard of apples and practiced grafting in a small way. His orchard was on White Eyes, and consisted of Western Pennsylvania fruit.
Old Mr. MeFertridge had planted an orchard, not yet then in bearing. He brought his trees
from Steubenville, and they were of the kind grown in the Kneisley nurseries.
A nurseryman of Fairfield county, about 1830- 31, brought by canal a large lot of grafted apple trees, but found no sale for them for orchard planting, and traded or in some way disposed of them to Nathan Spencer of Bethlehem township, who planted them in a kind of nursery, and sold them to John Frew. Eighty of them were planted by T. S. Humrickhouse in an orchard on Mill creek in the fall of 1833.
John Elliott planted an orchard of the same kind on his farm in Bethlehem township. Ev- ery tree of this lot was true to name and the whole selection proved most admirable.
Richard Wood, of Bedford towship,"practiced grafting to a small extent and had an orchard.
Wishing to plant two or three apple orchards, and not being able to find all the kinds he wanted in any one nursery, T. S. Humrickhouse, about 1835, commenced making a collection and graft- ing in nursery. He took from all the orchards above mentioned all the varieties they contained, and added from a distance all the kinds he could hear of that gave promise of being valuable, and has continued that sort of work to this day. His nursery, the only one in this county, is situated on the south outlots of Coshocton. When James Matthews was in congress he procured most of the native and many foreign varieties, and they were thoroughly tried. Most of the foreign and many of the native were discarded. Both Mr. Matthews and Mr. Humrickhouse about 1840 gave considerable attention to pears, peaches, plums and grapes, introducing many fine varie- ties.
About 1838, Robert Seevers started a nursery at West Carlisle, and many of the orchards in the western townships were stocked by him.
Kellis Hord started one near Bakersville. Oth- ers in different parts of the county tried the busi- ness, but few of them continued long in it.
Traveling grafters, between 1840 and 1850, abounded in the county, but have not left very distinct traces.
For the last twenty five years very heavy im- portations of fruit trees have been made. In one year the sales of tree peddlers reached nearly $8,000. A large proportion of the trees died, and
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HISTORY OF COSHOCTON COUNTY.
many of the varieties which were most highly commended, proved really very inferior. Not- withstanding, however, large and prolific or- chards may now be found in all parts of the county. The total acreage of orchards in 1878 was 6,344, yielding that year 446,918 bushels of apples.
Probably the largest peach orchard ever set out in the county was planted by Joseph K. Johnson, on his place about a mile east of Coshocton. It consisted of eighty some acres. The growing of peaches is extensively cultivated, which is most marked, perhaps, in Washington township, where large, fine orchards of this fruit may be seen on almost every farm. In 1878 there were produced in this county 69,860 bushels of peaches. This yield was excelled by only two counties in the State, Muskingum and Columbiana. In the same year 373 bushels of pears were produced.
Grape culture has never been very considerable in this county. In 1855 J. K. Johnson planted quite a large vineyard on his place, one mile east of Coshocton, and for a few years thereafter a considerable quantity of wine was made under his direction. The most of this was used by sick friends, of whom there proved to be a good many, and for church purposes. Some years sub- sequently, J. B. Elliott and F. Seward established a vineyard in Keene township, but the operation was not accounted a large success. In 1878 there were twenty-five acres in vineyard reported, pro- ducing 9,148 pounds of grapes and 177 gallons of wine. Several years ago the manufacture of wine for home consumption was begun by a few of the German farmers in Franklin, Linton, Crawford and other townships. It has since been steadily increasing among them, and bids fair to develop into a quite noticeable production.
There is a gratifying increase in the interest taken in the raising of live stock of all kinds. The choicest blood and most carefully bred horses and cattle are to be found, while hogs and sheep of the finest stoek are in abundance.
The first Merino sheep of thorough blood brought into this county were bought by Major Robinson and Major Simmons from okl Seth Adams, who, as partner or agent of General Humphries, brought to the Muskingum valley some of General Humphries' importation from
Spain, and had them in Muskingum county, near Dresden, as early as 1812. They were not cared for, and no trace of them is left. Fine-wooled sheep of uncertain and mixed blood were gradu- ally introduced by farmers from eastern counties and Western Pennsylvania, between 1830 and 1836 or 1837, when Beaver and Bowman brought out from Washington county, Pennsylvania, about 2,000, and placed them on Bowman's see- tion, adjoining Coshocton. This movement proved a failure, most of the sheep dying the next spring, and the remainder being disposed of and scattered so as to leave no trace.
About 1842, S. T. Thompson and one or two of his neighbors brought from Washington county, Pennsylvania, a few sheep and founded flocks. These were the first really good Merinos that have left their mark and still exist.
William Renfrew, sr., soon after brought out from the same county a few good black-tops and a few lighter colored, which he bred separately, and the descendants of which still remain. In 1846, or thereabouts, William Batchelor and George Wolf brought out a few sheep obtained from Gen. Harmon in the State of New York; they were selected by Mr. Batchelor, and, compared with what were here before, were heavier-wooled and stronger sheep. They did well.
In 1850, Howe and Batchelor brought out from Vermont a French ram, of thorough Merino blood, which had been imported from France by S. W. Jewett, from the government flock at Rambouillet. After trial, they rejected him and disposed of his increase. They then, in connection with T. S. Humrickhouse, brought out some thirty head of Humphries' Atwood sheep, obtained from Edwin Hammond, of Addison county, Vermont. These are the kind now recognized on all hands as the best, and an improvement over other fine-wooled sheep. They have been added to from time to time by Mr. Batchelor and others.
In 1834, Isaac Maynard emigrated from Eng- land and settled in this county. He brought with him a small flock of Southdowns and a few Lincolnshires. The Lincolnshires were entirely lost, and most of the Southdowns. In 1842, or thereabouts, William Henderson, Dr. Edmund Cone and James Miskimen furnished old Mr. Bache with money to go to England and bring
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HISTORY OF COSHOCTON COUNTY.
back with him some sheep. He brought back quite a number of Ellman Southdowns and a few Leicestershires, or, as sometimes called, Dishleys or Bakewells, which were divided among the owners. The Leicestershires soon disappeared, but the Southdowns are the source of most of the Southdowns now in the county. They have been added to by Bluek and others, who purchased rams at different times from various sources. The Cotswolds have been of late tried by various parties-those of Judge Thornhill, William Han- lon, Robert Moore and J. W. Dwyer having at- tracted much attention and commendation.
In the times of high prices during the war, one dollar and five cents per pound was paid for a few choice fleeces. Many were sold at one dollar per pound-one fleece bringing twenty-two dollars and fifty cents. When prices fell after the war, and the condition of things was unsatisfactory otherwise as to the profitableness of sheep rais- ing, thousands of the poorest sheep were killed and fed to hogs, the pelts selling for about as much as the live sheep.
A Coshocton County Wool-growers' Associa- tion was organized about 1864. In February, 1876, the National Merino Sheep Breeders' Asso- ciation was organized at Coshocton, in a meeting attended by delegates from Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Missouri and other States.
Coshocton is one of the foremost sheep coun- ties in the State. In the value of its sheep, in 1879, it stood sixth on the list, and in point of number, 126,000, was tenth. In 1878, 490,076 pounds of wool were shorn.
In comparatively early times, John Miskimen, Judge Robinson and Daniel Miller brought some fine cattle into the county. More than thirty years ago, Frank MeGuire and George Wolf bought some superior stock in this line from E. P. Prentice, of Albany, New York, and afterward some from D. D. Campbell, of Schenectady, New York. About 1851, Arnold Medberry and Sam- uel Rrown made purchase of some very fine cat- tle from Dr. Watts, of Chillicothe. In 1855, Thomas Darling imported a lot from Kentucky, and not long thereafter Samuel Moore, Frank MeGuire and T. S. Humriekhouse became prom- inently connected with the same line of work. John G. Stewart, a few years ago, exhibited a very
superior herd. J. W. Dwyer has, of late, also in- terested himself greatly, especially in the Jerseys and Alderneys. The number of cattle in the county in 1879 was 21,737, valued at $299,141.
The hogs of the earlier day in Coshocton county were all that could be made by an abundance of corn and little care; but the orig- inal stock not being very good, and little effort being made to improve it, long snouts and blue skins were the rule. The McGuires and the Wolfs were about the first to give attention to improved breeds. Afterward the Lennons, the Burrells, and Matthew Johnson interested them- selves in the same line. G. W. Silliman, after his visit to Europe, took an interest in the Berk- shires, and brought into the county some of that breed. The Chester Whites beame and contin- ued great favorites. The Leicestershires have found many approvers, and are favorites with many. The Poland Chinas, too, of late have been introduced, and are being well received.
There were in the county in 1879, 23,265 hogs, having a valuation of $48,612.
" Blooded " horses have, from the first, received a good deal of attention in Coshocton county. Old Colonel Williams and his compeers had the Virginia notions about these things. The race course was not then, as now, circular and level and rolled, but they had one, from the earliest days down. There was one on the Butler place, up the Walhonding. The road to Lewisville had been used. But the favorite track for years was on what is now Fifth street, in Coshocton, along which two parallel, narrow tracks were cleared. Tests of speed were there made, not witnessed by elegantly-dressed ladies and gentlemen, such as now-a-days throng the county fair grounds, but the "homespun " crowd. It is claimed that if the associations of the place were less refined, the honesty was not less than now; They meant square business or simple fun in those days, and were severe on "jockeying." Neither did they then sell pools.
Among those actively interested in this line, the following may be named: One of the But- lers in New Castle township had charge of two horses, brought in before 1812, belonging to Peter Casey, one of the first associate judges of the county. They were called " Whistle Jacket" and
9
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HISTORY OF COSHOCTON COUNTY.
" High-flyer." Colonel Williams of Coshocton, brought in from Virginia a horse, long famed in this region, called " Medley." Robert Farwell brought from New England to Keene township, "Sir Archie." Joseph W. Rue, about 1830, intro- duced "John of Jersey " and " Patrick Richards," colts by a horse entered for a race against " Eclipse," the famous trotter on Long Island course, but withdrawn on account of lameness. Matthew Stewart is remembered in connection with " Hickory." Lewis Rice and John Johnson had a horse called " Premium," and A. G. Wood, one called "Sir Charles." Samuel Baker's horse was " Snow Ball." In 1866, D. L. Triplett and William Bachelor brought from Kentucky "Ab- dallah," who met the sad fate of being burned to death in a stable, consumed in the fall of 1869. The County Horse Fair Association was organ- ized in 1866. In 1879, there were 7,609 horses re- ported in this county, valued at $382,836.
As early as 1835, the County Commissioners, under provisions of law, directed a call to be issued for a meeting, looking to the formation of a County Agricultural Society. But nothing ef- fective was done under that call, or in any other way, for many years. About 1850 the matter was taken up by some of the progressive farmers, chiefly in the eastern part of the county, among whom were Colonel C. F. Sangster, Dr. Heslip Williams, Dr. E. Cone, Judge James M. Burt, John Davis and others, and determined efforts accomplished the organization.
, The first fair under the auspices of the society was held at Jacobsport, in 1850. Then, for sev- eral years thereafter, they were held in the public square at Coshocton. Temporary stalls and sheds were enclosed each year, for the stock on exhibition, and the race course was just east of Fifth street and south of Main. From the first, there was a choice selection of stock and a gradual increase in other lines. The Elliotts and John Davis soon had good displays of agri- cultural implements. The farmers' wives and daughters also interested themselves in the fair and materially assisted in its success.
The fair of 1856 was not remarkable for dis- play, but the talk among farmers and stock- breeders had its effect in awakening interest, and then settled the matter of continuing these
annual gatherings. That year an arrangement was made with John Burt for leasing, for a term of years, his land (since laid off in lots) extending east from Seventh street to the foot of the bluff, and from Main street to the south side of Hiram Beall's property. This tract contained about nine acres. It was properly fenced, buildings and stalls were erected on it, and the fair of 1857 held there. By 1865 these grounds became in- sufficient, and in that year the society purchased from Mr. S. H. Lee twenty acres, about four hun- dred yards east of the Burt tract and north of Main street, and procceded to fit up more exten- sive and, as was supposed, more permanent build- ings. The amount paid for the grounds was $3,200. To assist the society in purchasing these grounds, the county commissioner agreed to donate $500, and to loan the society $500 more, to be repaid out of the receipts, whenever the commissioners should require. It is understood that this was repaid when the grounds were sold by the society. In November, 1872, the present grounds, lying a quarter of a mile south of the Burt fair grounds, were purchased from J. W. Dwyer. The old fair grounds, in December, 1872, were subdivided into lots and most of them sold, but a number of them, steadily increasing in value, remain in the possession of the society. The new grounds contain thirty-four and fifty- eight one-hundredths acres, and the cost of them was $10,488. For improvements on the new grounds, about $6,000 have been expended. A large grove was a chief attraction in the pur- chase, and access to water was made more con- venient, the grounds lying on a lower level than the old ones. About $4,000 of the cost of the grounds had been paid by 1876, and the debt has since been considerably reduced. In 1879, the cash value of the real estate of the society, and improvements, was $22,000. The amount re- ceived that year, for gate and entrance fees, was $3,448.70; from other sources, $300. The amount paid in premiums was $1,575; for real estate, buildings and permanent improvements, $431.65; for current expenses, other than improvments, $1,157.18. The amount in the treasury, at the preceding report, was $2,147.31; at this report, $2,732.18. As this showing indicates, the finan- cial condition of the society is excellent.
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