History of Medina county and Ohio, Part 118

Author: Perrin, William Henry, d. 1892?; Battle, J. H; Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926; Baskin & Battey. Chicago. pub
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago : Baskin & Battey
Number of Pages: 1014

USA > Ohio > Medina County > History of Medina county and Ohio > Part 118

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

fire, and his house, with all its contents, burned to the ground recently. He is a member of the honorable fraternity of Ancient, Free and Ac- eepted Masous, and "governs himself accord- ingly."

ALBERT F. ROOT, store, Brunswiek. The aneestors of the subject of this sketeh were prominent people, and were extensively ac- quainted throughout the county. William Root, a native of Connecticut, was the father of six sons and one daughter. One of the sons, James A., was the father of the subject of this sketeh. He was born in Brunswiek July 14, 1818. He was married to Susan H. Whitman, a native of Conueetieut. His younger days were spent on a farm. His educational facilities were very limited, and all the prestige he won in his town was through his own exer- tions. His father kept a tavern, where he had an opportunity of judging human nature and learning the lesson of life. By his honesty of character, sineerity of purpose and traits of true manhood, he won the esteem and eonfi- denee of his fellow-eitizens. His whole life was marked by deeds of charity. Was a fam- ily in need by unforeseen oeeurrences, such as fire and siekness, he was always ready to eon- tribute abundantly to alleviate their sufferings. He had a moral influenee such as no other man ean boast of. He was ever ready to do a ehar- itable aet ; to make the suffering happy was his joy ; doing good was his elemeut. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for twenty- one years. He was elected to the Legislature in 1864, and was ou the Ways and Means Com- mittee ; he iutrodueed the " bill to raise the wages of jurymen." His greatest aim in life was to be honest. He was the father of one son-Albert F., who was born Aug. 14, 1841. His younger days were spent in attending sehool. His father kept a store, and, when he had finished his edueation, he aided him in earrying on his business. His father died Nov. 2, 1878 ; this left the son in charge of the business, which they had by their strict atten- tion and fair dealing made an objeet. He was married, in 1871, to Sarah Buckingham, a na- tive of New York. After a short and happy union, death again came to his door, and she expired Oct. 29, 1880.

MOSES SHERMAN, farmer ; P. O. Bruns- wiek ; was born in Newport, R. I., in 1803 ; he received a common-school education, and weut

769

BRUNSWICK TOWNSHIP.

to Steuben Co., N. Y., with his parents in 1825, where he learned the trade of cooper, and re- mained until 1832, when he came to Brunswick and has lived here ever since. He cleared con- siderable land, and by his industry has made for himself a beautiful home. He was mar- ried, in 1831, to Mercy Lamphear, of Montreal, Canada ; they have twelve children living and one dead-Byron W., married to Sallie Benja- min, three children-Cora, Mertia, Ella ; Har- riet, married to William Dickey, one child- Winfred ; Olive, married to M. Fenn, five chil- dren-Harriet, Elma, Frederic, Francis, Irving ; Amanda, married to William Bradford, three children-Minnie, Mertia, Ray ; Addie, married to Charles Saulsbury, two children-Bernice, Blanche ; Mary (deceased), married to William Bradley, three children-Sherman, Clayton, Linius ; Martha, married to Frederic Lance, two children-Orrin, Byron ; Mertia, married to Charles Dickey, three children-Albert. Claude, Alice ; Sadie, married to Byron Bab- cock ; Moses, married to Lettie Bradley, three children-Stephen, Delazon and Orrin.

CORNELIUS SHERMAN, farmer ; P. O. Brunswick ; was born in Newport, R. I., May 14, 1805. He worked at the trade of cooper, and came to Brunswick in 1832. He was mar- ried to Samantha A. Hier, a native of Vermont. They have seven children living-William H., who married Lucia Cleveland, has the following children-Frank, Eva, Anna and Ida S .; Frank W., who married Ida Oviatt ; Cornelius, who married Louisa Allen, has three children ; -Irvin, Nora, Harland ; Charles H., who mar- ried Addie Cole, has three children-Howard, Grace, Charles ; Richard M., who married Eliz- abeth Liew, has one child-Ora; Sarah Ann, who married E. Piper, two children-Luella and Ford; Ida E., who married Harry Will- iams, two children-Earle and Maud ; Hiram went into the war, took sick and died.

JOHN WARD STOW, farmer ; P. O. Bruns- wick. Jonathan Stow, a native of Connecti- cut, who carried on the business of " chaise- maker," was married, in 1802, to Rhoda Ward, a native of Connecticut ; her father, John Ward, was a soldier in the Revolution. Jonathan Stow died Dec. 14, 1813, and his wife, Rhoda, Jan. 10, 1841 ; they had two children to per- petuate their name-Daniel B. and the subject of this sketch. He was born in Pittsfield, Mass., in 1808. He attended the schools of

his native village, and came to Brunswick in company with his uncle, Isaac Ward, in 1818. He completed his education in the district school of Brunswick. He obtained his liveli- hood in clearing land and fitting it for farming. He was married, Jan. 12, 1837, to Fidelia Avery, a native of Massachusetts; they had two sons-Charles A., who was born Oct. 21, 1842, and Frederic. S., who was born March 10, 1850. His wife died Oct. 10, 1853; he was remarried, April 12, 1855, to Sarah Rounds, a native of England ; they have one daughter -Clara F., who was born Aug. 25, 1856. He has by hard labor amassed some property, and what he now has was obtained by hard and ex- cessive toil. He has the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens, and has served as County Commissioner, Justice of the Peace, Township Trustee, Clerk and Constable.

JONATHAN D. STOW, Sheriff, Brunswick. He is the son of Daniel Stow, and was born in Brunswick in 1832. He attended the schools of Brunswick, and spent the major part of his life on the farm. He was married in 1860, to Georgia N. Root, a native of Brunswick. They have three children-Ernest D., Libby B. and Katy I. He is a member of the Congregational Church ; has been Township Clerk six years, and Trustee two years. He was recently elected Sheriff, and will begin the duties of that office on the first Monday in January, 1881. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. He is a good citizen, and has, by his good character, won the estcem and confidence of the people of Medina Co.

ROBERT TIBBITTS, farmer ; P. O. Bruns- wick. Thomas Soden Tibbitts was a native of England, and was married to Jane Carter. They had nine children, the youngest of whom was the subject of this sketch. He was born in Soham, England, Feb. 6, 1840, and came here with his parents in 1852. He carried on the business of huekster and worked on the farm. He was married Nov. 2, 1862, to Margaret Soden, who was born in Shilton, England, Nov. 26, 1837. They have two children-Matthias and Walter ; the former is attending college at Berea, Ohio. They had no opportunity to ob- tain an education, and intend to give their chil- dren all the advantages of education possible.

MARY WHEELOCK; P. O. Brunswick. Solomon Harvey, a native of Massachusetts, was married to Polly Stearns, of the same State. He was a farmer, and cmigrated to this county

770

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:

at an early date. He was one of the pioneers of this township. They had six children, five of whom are now living-Mary, John, Sarah, George and Solomon. Mary, the subject of this sketeh, was married to Ithamar Wheelock in 1830. He was a native of Massachusetts, and came into this county in 1825. His edu- cation was obtained in the common schools. He was a useful and honest citizen, and a kind and obliging neighbor. He, by his industry, became the possessor of real estate. He died, leaving a widow and five children-Louis, Sarah Ann, Adeline, John and Lester. She is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The following is the marriage record : Lewis, mar- ried to Jane Blackman ; Sarah Anne, married to Joseph Bell; Adeline, married to Daniel Brant ; Lester, married to Katie Tibbitts.

JOHN W. WELLING, farmer ; P. O. Bruns- wick. He was born in New Brunswick, July 2, 1807. His parents came to New York State the same year; he attended the common school, and went to Vermont in 1826 ; he learned the trade of earpenter. He came to Brunswick in 1835, and cleared 70 acres of

land, where he has ever since resided. He was married in 1829 to Margaret Carpenter, a na- tive of Vermont, who was born Sept. 23, 1809. The following is the record of the family births : Edward, born Sept. 26, 1831; Peleg J., Aug. 19, 1833; Jemima, Aug. 27, 1835 ; Orvill M., Nov. 25, 1838; Euniee M., Oct. 11, 1841. The deaths were Orvill M., died at Harper's Ferry, Nov. 26, 1862 ; Mrs. Welling dicd Nov. 6, 1878. All the living children are married.

JAMES D. WILSON, farmer ; P. O. Bruns- wick. Darius Wilson, a native of New York, was born March 28, 1803. He was a carpenter, and was married Oct. 13, 1825, to Temperance Chace, who was born Jan. 8, 1806, in Pompey, N. Y. Three of their children are now living- Homer E., Martha A. and the subject of this sketch. He was born in Brunswick May 13, 1841, and was married to Helen A. Porter, a native of Springfield, Ill., May 24, 1862. They have two children-Clara B., born Sept. 8, 1863, and Minnie F., born March 7, 1872. He has served as Township Trustee several terms, and is a member of the Disciples' Church.

HINCKLEY TOWNSHIP.

JUSTUS A. BABCOCK, farmer ; P. O. Ben- nett's Corners ; was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Feb. 11, 1808. He is a son of William and Anna (Lovejoy) Babcock. His father died when he was but 4 years old ; his mother sub- sequently married Martin Benjamin, and re- moved to Brunswick Township, Medina Co., where she resided up to the time of her decease, Sept. 18, 1861. Justus remained in New York State until he was 24 years of age, following the occupation of a farmer. He was united in marriage in Columbia Co., Sept. 13, 1829, to Miss Rachel Jones, also a native of that county ; she was born May 7, 1811. In the fall of 1833, they removed to Ohio, locating in Hinckley Township, upon the western township line, where they are still living, enjoying the fruits of their industry. Mr. Babcock first took up 70 acres of timbered land, and cleared it by his own individual efforts. He has since added 60 acres adjoining, and has 17 acres in the south- ern part of the township ; his land is well im-

proved and conveniently located. Their family consists of the following children-Eliza Ann, married to Uri Squiers, now living in Michigan ; James S., who died at the age of 3 years ; Es- ther J., married to Harvey Crooks, now residing in Miehigan. Susan H., the wife of Darius Co- nant, living in Hinckley Township ; Dan J., married to Miss Ann Waite, and living in Mich- igan ; Jay, married to Miss Helen Olds, living with parents ; Mary, married to Frank Brooks, and residing in Brunswick Township ; and Celia, who died aged about 14 months. Mr. Babcock has served the township in many offices of trust, all of which he has discharged with ability and honor. He has been actively identified with the educational matters of the township, having been a teacher for about ten winter sessions.

HARRISON H. BEACH, farmer ; P. O. Remson's Corners ; was born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., in August, 1817. His parents were Alger and Mary (Near) Beach ; his father was a na-

771

HINCKLEY TOWNSHIP.

tive of Connecticut; his mother was born in Hudsou, N. Y. They moved from Schoharie Co., to Ohio in 1818, and first located in Richfield Towuship, which was in Medina Co. at that time ; they remained in Richfield about fifteeu years and then removed to Granger Township, where they resided about two years. About 1835, they removed to Hinckley Town- ship, locating on the south town line, where they remained until their deaths ; his father's death oceurred in November, 1838; his mother's in August, 1847. Their children, who are now living, are as follows: Elijah, now living in Knox Co., Ill .; he was a soldier in the Mexican war. James now a resident of Ionia Co., Mich., where he is an extensive farmer ; Harriet Post now residing in Knoxville, Ill .; and the subjeet of this sketch. £ Harrison's occupation all through his life has been that of a farmer, com- mencing in his youth, when the land had to be cleared of timber before it could be tilled, up to the present time when ingenious ma- chinery makes the occupation less laborious. He was united in marriage Aug. 18, 1842, to Miss Sylvia L. Bradley ; she was born in Cana- da West, May 1, 1822; her parents were resi- dents of Hinckley Township for several years, but finally returned to Canada, where her mother still resides. Her father died in Cana- da ; he was in the English service during the war of 1812. In 1844, Harrison bought the old homestead farm, where he has since resided ; it contains sixty acres, and, with the exception of a few acres of woodland, is finely improved land. They have four children, all residents of Hinckley-Emily E. Vaughn, Henry, O. G. and Mary A. Duncan.

S. F. CODDING, Postmaster and merchant, Hinckley. One of the prominent business men of Hinckley is S. F. Codding, the subject of this biography ; he was born in Granger Town- ship in 1826, and is the son of George and Jer- usha (Spencer) Codding, who were pioneers of Granger Township. They were both natives of New York State ; he was born in Bristol, Ontario Co., and his wife in Geneva; they were residents of Granger Township up to their deaths ; he died in 1845 and she a few years previous, about 1841. They had seven chil- dren-Myron C., S. F., Nancy, who died aged 16 years ; Albert died when young ; Harriet M., deceased ; Lucy A., deceased ; William E., living in Ottawa, Ill. Mr. Codding, by a sec-

ond wife, had one child, who is now married and living in Medina. Our subject's early life was passed upon his father's farm, as- sisting in eleariug up the land ; he remained upon the farm until he attained his ma- jority. He was married to Miss Sarah M. New- ton in 1848. Her parents, Mathew and Relief (Straight) Newton, were natives of New York, and old residents of Granger Township. Mr. Codding bought a farm in Granger Township in 1849, and for several years followed the oc- eupatiou of a farmer in different parts of the township ; he came to Hinckley in 1864, and bought 75 acres of land, located northwest of the Center, remaining upon it for eight years, he then sold it and bought a general stock of goods in Hinckley Center, and has been in trade there up to the present time (1880). For the past six years he has been Postmaster ; has also served the township as Trustee one term, as Assessor one term, Justice of the Peace for five years, and as County Commissioner two terms ; is a member of Hinckley Lodge, No. 304, I. O. O. F. Mr. Codding's family consists of five children, as follows : Nancy J., Evangeline M., Henry H., Willis L. and Jesse, deceased.

A. L. CONANT, farmer ; P. O. Hinckley ; was born July 18, 1802, in Herkimer Co., N. Y. His parents were Timothy and Rhoda (Lyon) Conant, natives of New York State. His father was born April, 1771, and his mother June 18, 1769. They were married April 4, 1794. They eame to Richfield, then in Medina Co., in July 1819, and in the fall of 1825, removed to Hinckley Township, locating on the Ridge road. They resided in Hinckley Township most of their days. She died in the township June 29, 1845. After her death her husband went to Chesterville, Morrow Co., and resided with his son, Rev. Daniel M. Conant, where he died March 21, 1859. The children were as follows : Rev. Daniel M. Conant, born Feb. 19, 1796, died at Nevada, Ohio, Dec. 27, 1873 ; Timothy B., now living in Hinckley Township ; Chester, born Sept. 27, 1800, now living in Michigan ; Aaron L., the subject of this sketch ; Rhoda Darrow, widow, living in Michigan, born July 4, 1804; Patty McGoon, born May 6, 1806, deceased; she was the first person married in Hinckley Township, which occurred in the spring of 1826 ; Almeda Buck, born Feb. 23, 1808, now a widow, living in Put- nam Co .; Lewis Conant, born June 13, 1810,

772

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:

died Oct. 12, 1812. Aaron worked with his father until 20 years of age, and then started out in life for himself. He went to New York aud farmed for three years ; he then returned to Hinekley and bought a farm upon the "ridge," remaining there until 1834. He then purchased the farm where he now resides, and has made his home there up to the present time. He has 70 acres of fine, improved land, and ahout 10 acres of timber. He was married Sept. 16, 1830, to Miss Victoria C. Kellogg, daughter of Joshua and Clarissa (Alvord) Kel- logg, old residents of Hinckley Township. She was horn in Hadley, Mass., Sept. 3, 1809. They have had six children-Hiram, deceased ; Mor- timer, deceased ; Emeline Dunham, living in Michigan ; Danicl, deceased ; Elvira V. Perrin, living at home, and Ethan, living at home. Mr. and Mrs. Conant are members of the Meth- odist Church.

TIMOTHY B. CONANT, farmer ; P. O. Hinekley. One of the pioneers of Hinckley Township is T. B. Conant. He is a native of New York, and was horn in Herkimer Co. Sept. 22, 1798. His father, Timothy Conant, was a carpenter and joiner, and, while a youth, young Timothy learned the trade, and assisted his father until he was about 20 years old. He then decided to come to Ohio, and arrived in Richfield in March, 1819. He went to farming immediately, and remained there ahout fifteen years. He then disposed of his property and came to Hinckley Township in 1834, buying a farm, on which he has resided up to the present time. He has 121 acres of wheat, aud ahout 25 acres in woodland. He was married, Oct. 11, 1820, to Miss Nancy Buek, daughter of Enoch and Alice (Bahcock) Buek, pioneers of Richfield Township; she was horn in New York State Dec. 23, 1797, and died Aug. 19, 1837. They had eight children-Alice Fluent, living in Granger ; Parmelia Fluent, deceased ; Lewis, living in Hinckley ; Plympton, living in Kansas ; Timothy, living in California ; Me- lissa Richardson, living in Ashtabula Co .; Nancy Ganyard, deceased ; Amanda Sylvester, living in Kansas. Mr. Conant was married to a second wife-Miss Ahigail B. Buck-April 1, 1838 ; she was horn in New York Jan 23, 1810, and died Oct. 20, 1880. They had four children, as follows : Sanford, deceased ; Olive; Darius, living in Hinckley Township, and Isaiah, living at home.

JULIUS and NATHAN DAMON, farmers ; P. O. West Richfield. They are the sons of Nathan and Hannah (Shaw) Damon, who were natives of Massachusetts. Nathan was born in 1793, and his wife in 1797. They were married in Massachusetts, and came to Ohio in 1828, loeating in Hinckley Township, huying 178 aeres of land. They were residents of the township up to the time of their decease, which occurred in September, 1843, and June, 1869. Julius was horn in Massachusetts, Nov. 29, 1824. He was married in 1848, to Miss Electa Eastman, of Cuyahoga Co .; she died in 1855, leaving one child-Ella-who is married and living in Cleveland. He was married the sec- ond time to Miss Kate Bahcock, daughter of Joshua Bahcoek, now living in Michigan. They have three children-George J., Herbert L. and Lulu J .- all living at home. Mr. Da- mon's occupation has always been that of a far- mer, and in it he has heen very successful. He now owns ahout 240 aeres, and, with the excep- tion of 50 acres of timher laud, all improved. He is making a specialty in stock and sheep, and has devoted some time to fruit culture, having at present about 35 acres of apple orchard and several acres of peaches. He has served the township as Trustee several terms, and as As- sessor two terms. Nathan A Damon was horn in Hinckley Township in 1832. He has, since his youth, heen at home and working on the old homestead, and, since the death of his par- ents, it has fallen into his possession. He has 83 acres of land, about 30 of which is in tim- her. He devotes his time to general farming, making no specialty. He was married Feh. 11, 1869, to Miss Adeline Searles, a daughter of Daniel Searles, of Hinckley Township. They have three children-Harley A., Owen H. and Fred S.

OLIVER E. ELLSWORTH, saw-mill; Hinck- ley ; was horn in Vermont in 1833 He is the son of Walter and Ruth (Peckham) Ellsworth, natives of Vermont, and who came to Ohio in 1836. They first located in Royalton, Cuya- hoga Co., on the township line joining Hinckley. In 1852, they came to Hinckley Township, and settled upon the farm where they now reside. They have had ten children-Melinda, a widow, now living in Michigan ; William, who died in Royalton, aged 23 years; Oliver E., the subject of this sketch; Rhoda, living at home; Z. W., now working the old homestead ; Ruth, mar-

773

HINCKLEY TOWNSHIP.

ried and living in Cleveland; Dela, married and residing in Cuyahoga County ; J. P., now living at home; Chancy, living in Cuyahoga County, and Frank, living in Cleveland. Oliver has been a resident of the township since his parents' removal there. He was married in 1858 to Miss Rosetta Keyes ; she died in February, 1861, leaving one child, Fred W. He was mar- ried to his second wife, A. E. Edgerton, Oct. 1, 1865. They have four children-Elmer C., George L., Rosa R. and Lillie. Mr. Ellsworth enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, in Company A, 124th O. V. I., and served nearly three years. This regiment was in active service, and he passed through some of the most severe battles of the war, going through the whole Atlanta cam- paign, and escaping unhurt. He received his discharge June 9, 1865, and returned to Hinck- ley. Previous to going to the war, he built a saw-mill upon his land, and, since his return, has been opcrating it. His property is located in the northeastern part of Hinckley Township, and consists of 8 acres of land with the mill property.

Z. W. ELLSWORTH, farmer ; P. O. Hinck- ley ; a son of Walter and Ruth (Peckham) Ells- worth, was born Jan. 1, 1842, in Royalton, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio. He passed his early life upon the farm, and about two years in Miehi- gan, previous to the war. He was married in Michigan, to Miss Lodema Lamphear, Dec. 25, 1871. He enlisted July 29, 1862, in Company A, 124th O. V. I., and was in the active service that his regiment saw, numbering some twenty- eight battles ; he was wounded at Chickamauga, slightly, but not enough to disable him, and, after three years of arduous service, was dis- charged Jan. 9, 1865. In 1867, he returned to Michigan, and resided there about nine years, at the end of which time, he returned to Hinck- ley, and is now working the old homestead. The farm consists of 100 acres of good im- proved land, and is situated about three and a half miles northeast of Hinckley Center. Hc has one child, Jarella, a girl, born May 8, 1879.

DR. G. S. GILLET, Hinckley Center ; was born in Eaton, Lorain Co., Ohio, March 7, 1841. His early life was passed in that county, and his education commenced in the common schools. He learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade when a youth, and, as he grew older, worked at his trade in the summer and taught school in the winter. He then went to Oberlin and at-

tended school there for several terms, and then, having decided upon the practice of medicine, went to Plymouth, Ohio, and entered the office of Drs. Tucker & Sykes. He also attended lec- tures at the Cleveland Medical College during the sessions of 1864-65 and 1866-67, and, at the end of these terms, he graduated and com- menced the practice of medicine in Hinckley Center, in 1867, at which place he has been in active practice up to the present time, being the only practicing physician in the township un- til 1880. He was married in Milwaukee, Wis., to Miss Rachel Baldwick, Jan. 9, 1868. Her parents were natives of England, and came to America in 1847, first locating in New York, and afterward in Wisconsin. They have had the following children-David, Ada, deceased ; Lida, Reuel S. and Ralph. Mr. and Mrs. Gillet are members of the Church of Christ, of Hinck- ley, and have always taken an active interest in the affairs of the church, Mr. Gillet having been an Elder during the past ten years. Though a young man, he has had an extensive experience in the practice of his profession. One of the most noteworthy cases coming under his pro- fessional skill, was a compound eomminuted fracture of the skull, the subject being the doc- tor's son, a bright lad, who liad been kicked on the head by a horse Nov. 12, 1879. The boy, David N. Gillet, aged 10 years, received the kick on the right temple, and, by actual meas- urement, four and one-half inches of skull bone were removed. The stroke was so severe as to have loosened the cranial sutures in the region of the removed skull segments, and lacerate the inclosing brain membranes by slivers of bone which penetrated the anterior lobe of the cere- brum, causing an ounce or more of brain to es- cape. No signs of consciousness were shown until the end of four days, and no certain signs until six days had elapsed. Two weeks passed away before the patient was sufficiently recov- ered to know what had happened. Four days after the accident, fungus of the brain set in, and, at the end of a week, the growth was as large as a lien's egg. An eminent surgeon of the county was called in for consultation and assistance, and, after the wound had been dressed, gave as his professional opinion that the boy could not possibly recover. But Dr. Gillet, with a father's love to actuate him, re- fused to believe that there was no hope, and immediately employed his utmost skill and at-

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of Medina county and Ohio, Part 118

Author: Perrin, William Henry, d. 1892?; Battle, J. H; Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926; Baskin & Battey. Chicago. pub Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Chicago : Baskin & Battey Number of Pages: 1014

Author: Perrin, William Henry, d. 1892?; Battle, J. H; Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926; Baskin & Battey. Chicago. pub
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago : Baskin & Battey
Number of Pages: 1014