USA > Ohio > Putnam County > History of Putnam County, Ohio : its peoples, industries, and institutions > Part 2
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278
Surveys
128
P
Palmer Township-
Area 106
Creation of 143
Education
233
Insurance Company 208
Natural Features 143
Officers, First 143
Officers, Present 143
Organization of
106
Population
278
Soldiers
250
Pandora-
Additions to 154
Banks 206
Education 238
Industries 154
Mills.
153
Newspapers 201
Officers, Present 154
Overall Factory 155
Physicians
225
Population 278
Railroad, Advent of 154
Tavern, Early
154
Paulding County
74
Pendleton
264
Perry County
74
Perry Township-
Area
106
Churches 185
Education 233
First Settlers
145
Improvements 147
Name 145
Nursery, Pioneer 146
Officers, First 146
Officers, Present 146
Organization of
106
Population
278
Settlers, First
145
252
Pe-ton-i-quet 89
Physicians
224
Pickaway County
74
Pike County
75
Pioneer Honeymoons
101
Pioneers, Hardships of
100
Pleasant Township-
Area
106
Churches 150, 186
Education 233
First Events
149
Industries, Early 149
Officers, Present
150
Organization of
106, 149
Population 278
Settlers, First 149
Soldiers
250
Voters, First
149
Political History
275
Politics in Ohio
57
Soldiers
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Pontiac's Conspiracy
36
Population in 1800 42
Portage County
74
Postmasters, Selecting in 1845.
271
Population Statistics
277
Preble County
75
Prentiss
125
Presbyterian Churches
175
Press, the
196
Probate Judges
110
Professional Interests, 1870.
262
Prosecuting Attorneys
109
Public Schools of Putnam County.
231
Putnam Club
218
Putnam County, Changes in Area ..
105
Q
Quebec Act
36
R
Rail Fence, A Wonderful
272
Railroads, Advent of 169
Railroads, Mileage and Valuation
170
Rat-trap Invention
269
Recorders, County
107
Records, County, Burning of.
103
Refugee Tract
54
Related State History 33
Religious Denominations
172
Removal of County Seat
104
Representative Government
39
Representatives
112
Research Club
217
Revolutionary Period 36
Revolutionary Soldiers 261
Rice, Gen. Americus V
253
Richland County
76
Riley Township-
Area 106, 152
Churches 185
Education
233
First Events
153
German Immigration
152
Officers, Present 153
Organization of 106, 152
Population
278
Settlers, First
152
Soldiers
252
Rimer
158
Rivers of Putnam County. 82
Roads, Early
168
Roads of Today.
279
Ross County
75
Royal and Select Masters
213
Royal Arch Masons
212
Rushmore
123, 225, 233
S
St. Clair, Gen. Arthur.
44, 101
Saloons of Putnam County.
274
Salt Sections
56
76
Sandusky County
School Districts
233
School, First of the Reservation 271
School Sections
57
School Superintendents
233
Schools
231
Scioto County
77
Secret Societies
212
Senators, State
112
Seneca County
77
Settlement by French
34
Shelby County
76
Sheriffs
108
Sidelights on Putnam History
262
Soil of the County.
81
Soldier Relief
255
Soldiers' Monument
261
Spelling Contest, County 245
Squaw Justice
95
Stark County
76
State Boundary Lines 59
State History, Related 33
State Military Record 50
State Politics 57
State Senators 112
Statistics, Population
277
Streams of Putnam County 82
Election, First
153
Study Club
222
Sugar Camps
97
Sugar Creek Township-
Area
106
Churches
184
Education
233
Officers, First
157
Officers, Present
157
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Sugar Creek Township
Organization of
106
Population
278
Settlement
157
Survey of
156
Summit County
76
Superintendents, School 233
Supervision Districts
233
Surveyors, County
109
Surveys, First Territorial
37
Swiss Settlement
99
Symmes Purchase
53
T
Tauwas Indian Village 90
Tavern Licenses 226, 266
Tawa Village
93
Tax Commissioners
114
Telegraph Lines
170
Telephone Lines
170
Territory Northwest of the Ohio _. 34
Topography
81
Township Churches
184
105
Township Organization
Township Population
277
Transportation, Early
168
Treasurers, County
108
Treaties with Indians
88
Treaty of Greenville. 45
Trumbull County
77
Turnpike Lands
56
Tuscarawas County
78
U
Union County
78
Union Township-
Area
106
Education
234
Finances, Early
160
Officers, First
159
Organization of
106,
159
Population
278
School Districts
160
Settlers, First
159
United Brethren Churches.
179
United States Military Lands.
54
V
Valuation of Railroads. 170
Van Buren Township-
Area
106
Churches
185
Education
233
Officers, First
162
Organization of
106
Population
278
Settlers, First
162
Soldiers
252
Swamps
162
Vaughnsville-
Business Interests, 1870 264
Churches
178, 180
Education
235
Physicians
225
Platting of
158
Present Conditions
158
Van Wert County
78
Village Population 277
Vinton County
78
Virginia Military District
54
Volunteer Soldiers from the Vari-
ous Townships
247
Voters of 1847
256
W
War of 1812, Soldiers of
261
Ward
167
Warren County 79
Washington County 78
Wayne, Gen. Anthony
44
Wayne County
79
Webster
156
West Leipsic-
Business Interests, First. 124
Incorporation 124
Officials, First
124
Physicians
225
Platted
124
Population
124, 277
Settlement
124
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Williams County
79
Wood County 79
Wisterman 126, 179
Wyandot County 79
Wolf Scalp Industry
269
Woman's Christian
Temperance
Z
Union
223
Zane Sections
56
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
A
Agner, James M. 1054
Alkire, Charles F. 531
Allen, Daniel M.
1241
Altenburger, George E
1163
Amstutz, Peter A.
528
Annesser, Francis X.
951
Askins, Abraham P.
1110
B
Bach, George H.
368
Bachtall, Augustus 809
Bailey, John P.
1023
Baker, Squire J.
1423
Baker, Thomas J.
546
1151
Balbaugh, . Frank D.
Ball, George 1196
Ball, John
1058
1141
Ball, Martin
Ball, William
1193
Barber, Alpha H., D. D. S. 916
Barnes, Isaac H.
1454
Basinger, Mrs. Leah
398
Basinger, Levi
Basinger, William
1248
Beard, Charles W.
804
611
Beard, John
Beckman, Henry 1067
Begg, William H., M. D.
394
Bell, William A.
472
Benning, Henry J.
1282
Bensman, Frank G.
674
Best, Amos W.
418
Best, George I. 962
Beutler, Christian 972
Beutler, William A. 959
Bixel, Peter D., M. D. 313
Blauvelt, Charles R.
504
Blue, Lawrence V.
1316
Boecker, Joseph 1198
Bogart, Isaac E. 1200
Bogart, John
1342
Borgelt, Herman H. 1456
Borgelt, Joseph, Jr. 1014
Borgelt, William
557
Borman, Charles C. 837
450
Bracy, Elmier E.
498
Bracy, Isaac 1224
Bridenbaugh, John D. 605
Brinkman, Mathias
Bruskotter, Barney 1411
Buckland, Elah Harry 999
Buescher, John D.
1296
Burgess, Bostwick F.
1099
Burill, Ernest
1167
Burill, Henry 992
Burkhart, Albert 1460
Burkhart, Clarence A. 813
Burkhart, Emmett L. 454
Burkhart, Henry
1145
Burkholder, George A.
1464
Burns, Ewing V., D. D. S.
921
C
Calvelage, Henry
1318
Carder, John M. 1120
Carr, David H. 470
Carver, John F.
468
Cass, Charles C.
1020
Casteel, Ebenezer
568
Clark, Elliott
886
Clark Raymond G. 1015
Coit, Guy R.
526
Cole, William T. 292
Conine, Norman
494
Conrad, John G. 974
Core, David
1355
Core, George W.
488
Corfman, Joseph
1005
909
Brant, John Jacob 919
Brinkman, Harry E.
1419
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Cottingham, John W. 456
Crawford, John M. 957
Crawford, Wilson M. 407
Critchet, Frank E.
358
Curtis, William N.
554
D
Dangler, Alex 664
Dangler, Columbus E. 1026
Darling, Jonathan J.
506
Davis, Christian
524
Davis, Pierce
1319
Day, Homer R.
324
Deck, Edgar 1461
Deffenbaugh, John E. 1389
DeFord, Prof. S. F. 408
Deters, Theodore
341
De Vore, George C.
768
Dibble, Sidney C. 1032
Dibble, William E. 400
Dibble, William W
306
Dickey, Samuel M.
633
Diemer, John 1287
Diller, Amos C.
421
Dobmeyer, Michael F. 1106
Doepker, Frank H. 1398
703
Doepker, Frank W.
Donaldson, John
552
Doty, Charles W. 1370
Downing, Robert W.
725
Draper, Charles W.
937
Draper, Warren C. 966
Drerup, John H.
1184
Droll, Frank F.
1036
Dunlap, Lester 1314
E
Eck, Benjamin F. 968
Edelbrock, Benjamin 719
Edelbrock, Frank 764
Edelbrock, John B. 708
Edelbrock, William A.
644
Edelbrock, William H. 662
Edwards, John 281
Edwards, John W. 667
Edwards, Joseph B. 792
Edwards, Joseph H. 1448
Edwards, William W. 512
Ellerbrock, Fred H. 319
Ellerbrock, John F. 1293
Ellerbrock, John W. 338
Emans, Daniel 1356
Erhart, Frank
729
Ernst, Henry 1174
Ernst, John W. 622
Etter, William T. 1204
Evans, David S.
766
F
Fairchild, William H.
1003
Fawcett, Clinton W. 982
Feltman, Barney 433
Ferrall, Charles A.
389
Fischback, John
855
Fisher, John B. 482
Fletcher, Clyde M. 590
Fogle, Charles W., D. V. S. 565
Fraker, Jacob J. 1431
Frantz, William P. 492
Frantz, William W.
864
French, William M. 1440
Fuerst, Mathias J.
396
G
Gebhardt, Martin
1028
Geiger, Llewellyn 336
George, John F., M. D. 1309
George, W. M.
299
Gerber, John 868
Gerdeman, Andrew 1275
Gerdeman, Barney 720
Gerdeman, Henry, Jr. 683
Gerdeman, J. Fred 1280
Gerdeman, Joseph
566
Gerdeman, Mathias 677
Gerdemann, Carl M. 811
Gerding, Hubert C. 879
Gerwert, Rev. Henry 815
Giesken, Frank 892
Giesken, Frank J. 841
Gilbert, Rufus E. 618
Gilliotte, George F.
987
Gmeiner, Frank 330
Gores, George 1152
Grant, Franklin 596
Grismore, Henry 384
Groff, David H.
616
Gurney, Orren B. 800
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
H
Habegger, John 534
Halker, George 1344
Halker, Henry 1303
Halker, John W.
416
Hamden, George D.
877
Hammett, Frank K.
339
Handy, William H.
290
Harris, Shelby
1308
Hart, Christian A.
538
Hartman, Ernest L.
994
Hartman, John H.
940
Haselman, Theodore
1444
Haughn, John C.
1030
Heck, John M.
944
Heckman, Theodore
464
Heidlebaugh, Judge A. M. 404
Heischman, Jesse N., D. V. S 964
Heising, Ferdinand
1336
Helmkamp, Frank W.
1387
Henry, Charles T. 1080
Henry, Levi P.
976
Hensel, Samuel D.
654
Heringhaus, Bernard H.
382
Hermiller, Frank B.
960
Hermiller, Fred A.
896
1136
Hermiller, Louis
912
Hickey, Reese F. 484
Hickey, W. D., M. D.
346
Hickey, W. H., M. D. 346
Hilty, Benjamin B.
510
Hilty, Edward
438
Hilty, Henry 899
Hilty, Isaac
901
Hipkins, Thomas
C.
609
Hixon, John W.
996
Hoehn, Anton
1321
Hoffman, Daniel 1150
Hoffman, Frank
690
Hoffman, Harry L. 555
Hoffman, John H.
796
Hohenbrink, John W.
1130
Holtkamp, Herman 736
Holtzhauer, Charles F. 303
Horstman, Theodore
1208
Huffman, Charles H.
1391
Hummon, David
457
Hummon, Howard C.
357
Hummon, Levi 352
Humphreys, Howard 925
Huysman, Aaron 1216
Huysman, Allen 1156
Huysman, Cornelius
1306
I
Irwin, Benjamin F.
1271
Irwin, Charles P. 1226
Irwin, Guy
1251
Irwin, James A.
1114
J
Jay, Prof. Harry M.
819
Jones, Charles H.
285
Jones, Charles H.
1361
Jones, John C.
1376
Jones, John E.
1446
Jones, John M.
1154
K
Kagy, Stephen A. 1012
Kahle, August 563
Kahle, Frank, Sr. 717
Kahle, Ignatius
798
Kahle, Hon. Ignatius H.
1429
Kahle, Joseph H. 704
Kappauf, John G.
853
Kaufmann, Henry
1261
Kehres, John 1462
Keifer, Homer H. 1366
Keirns, Samuel H.
948
Kempf, Julian 894
Kenney, Henry U. 1358
Kerner, Edward
852
Kerner, Joseph
706
Kerner, Mathias J. 781
Kerner, Theodore J.
1403
Kersting, Joseph
875
Ketner, Henry S. 508
Killen, Ralph P., D. D. S. 953
Kimmerle, John F.
832
Kinder, George D. 712
Kirkendall, Benjamin
760
Kirkendall, Ralph S.
1191
Kissell, Robert W. 1007
Klausing, John 1301
Klausing, Joseph
1284
Kleman, John H.
1038
Hermiller, Henry J.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Kline, William 490
Kneller, George W. 1071
Knepper, Jacob G. 816
Knueven, Henry 1127
Kohli, E. D. 460
Kohls, John, Jr. 1046
Kohls, William 1383
Konst, Louis
802
Konst, Mathias
863
Kottenbrock, Barney 1289
Kottenbrock, Henry 1273
Kratz, Robert M.
1421
Kratzer, George
1061
Kreinbrink, Henry 582
Krohn, Samuel P. 906
Kuhlman, Anton 1245
Kuhn, Jacob M. 1347
Kuntz, Louis W.
354
L
Laibe, Edmund L. 935
Lammers, Bernard J. 1300
Lammers, Henry J. 1452
Layport, Rev. Edward, D. D 1263
Layton, Robert B.
1168
Leffler, Daniel M.
884
Lehmden, Louis V. 1416
Leinsetter, David A. 1407
Leinsetter, George 1062
Lemley, Dr. Ernest P. 615
Leopold, Bernard
1401
Leopold, Joseph
1405
Lewis, John A ..
771
Liebrecht, Joseph 880
Light, Henry F. 946
Little, Henry W.
1097
Logan, Frank
587
Losh, Joseph 1255
Lowe, William H.
624
Lowry, James W. 1438
Lugibihl, Peter P.
474
Mc
MacDonald, James 424
McClish, Gilbert 1206
McCrate, Edward L. 1378
McDougle, Herman
1010
McDowell, Orville 989
McGinnis, Joseph 1294
Mckenzie, Homer E.
694
M
Maag, Barney H. 411
Maag, John T. 1112
Maag, Joseph I. G. 1311
Madden, John C.
872
Maidlow, John
1116
Mallahan, John T. 466
Mangus, Peter J. 1132
Mapel, Harry B. 1341
Mapel, William T. 1337
Matheny, John T. 723
Merschman, John 672
Mersman, George H. 312
Mersman, Judge Joseph
432
Meyer, Bernard J. 1258
Meyer, Charles H. 1396
Meyer, Gerhard B. 1408
Meyer, Herman F. 1417
Meyer, John H. 1085
Meyer, John H. 1239
Meyer, John W.
428
Michel, Fred, Jr. 1044
Miller, David G. 1172
Miller, George W. 762
Miller, James H. 782
Miller, John F. 1218
Miller, John J. 1175
Miller, John J. 1108
Miller, John W.
1457
Missler, Peter A. 307
Moehring, Jacob F. 1084
Moening, Henry 363
Moening, John Theodore 426
Morman, Frank H. 1129
Morman, Herman W. 444
Muehe, Rev. Father M. 851
Mullet, William G. 696
Mullett, George 1134
Myers, Jacob S.
685
Myers, John A. 914
Myers, Samuel
1072
N
Nartker, August 372
Nartker, Henry B.
866
Neill, Joseph W.
727
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Neiswander, Harry A., M. D 308
Neuenschwander, Philip 933
Newman, Rudolph 1102
Nichols, Amos 580
Nienberg, Joseph
370
Nigsch, Rev. Francis 480
Noirot, Celestian, Jr. 1056
Noirot, Theodore 856
Noirot, Victor 631
Norman, John B. 1259
O
Ockuly, John F., M. D 1323
Ogan, Judge Julius S.
288
Otte, Gerhard H. 1177
Owens, David F.
977
P
Pahl, Frank 1165
Palmer, Carleton P. 520
Parrett, Harry C. 570
Phillips, J. C.
500
Pierman, Charles O.
1052
Pierman, Homer W. 1042
Pollard, Arthur L., D. V. S. 861
Pritchard, Martin L. 676
R
Rager, Alonzo 688
Rampe, John J. 387
Rampe, William 413
Rampe, William 942
Rauh, H. F. 1436
Ray, Charles J., M. D.
487
Ream, Henry D.
984
Recker, Frank 1277
Red, Ladis 1183
Redd, August 1352
Reed, Warren F., M. D.
320)
Reeder, Henry E.
1298
Reese, 'Albert
1228
Reese, Josirus R.
1239)
Reiger, William E.
758
Reinman, John E. 373
Remlinger, William T. 1161
Renshaw, David H. 575
Reynolds, David S. 1212
Rhodes, Charles 786
Rhodes, William D. 789
Rickard, Isaac S. 521
Ridenour, George 1104
Rieman, Andrew J. 679
Rieman, Frank, Jr. 702
Rieman, Frank, Sr. 648
Rieman, Ignatius 773
Rimer, Clement C. 549
Rimer, Francis M. 733
Risser, Daniel R. 1232
Risser, David 477
Risser, Julius C. 640
Risser, Otto
848
Risser, William M. 360
Roberts, Hiram A.
613
Robinson, James C. 955
Roose, John E. 381
Rosenbauer, John 1285
Rower, Thomas H.
322
Rower, William H. 845
Rowlands, David 1326
Ruen, Frank W. 1394
Ruhe, Bernard A. 1333
Ruhe, Henry B. 593
Ruhe, Henry W. 1034
Ruhe, Theodore H. 830
Ruhl, Henry C., M. D.
304
S
Sakemiller, Christian 1222
Sakemiller, William 1220
Sandles, Hon. Alfred P. 1122
Schafer, Benjamin F. 1049
Schafer, Charles C. 1008
Schafer, Henry P.
639
Schafer, John S.
1188
Schafer, William W. 826
Scharf, Peter A. 1350
Schey, John B. 1095
Schey, Peter 1066
Schey, Philip, Jr. 1064
Schey, Philip, Sr. 1069
Schimmoller, John H. 843
Schlagbaum, William 1040
Schmenk, Herman B. 938
Schmitt, Peter 1328
Schram, George J. 1410
Schroeder, Frederick W. 635
Schroeder, Matthias 1076
Schubert, Herman 592
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Schumacher, Rev. Albert 904
Schumacher, Christian, Jr. 929
Schumacher, Noah 917
Schumacker, Joseph
1324
Schumaker, Joseph J.
1381
Schutz, Albert 441
Schutz, John A. 784
Seall, George H. 979
Sehlhorst, Henry
1330
Seimet, John
858
Seimet, Lawrence
1147
Seitz, Benjamin F., Sr.
349
Seitz, Peter 1243
Shafer, John F. 1088
Shaffer, Earl J. 870
Shank, David C.
376
Shank, Joseph M.
650
Sherrard, William C.
1426
Shirley, Nathan C.
600
Simon, Chester L.
1137
Simon, John A.
1157
Simon, Lewis
709
Simonds, Edd. B. 462
Skiver, Merrick
620
Slaybaugh, Archie A.
544
Smith, Anthony
Smith, Charles R. 741
Smith, Frank J. 744
Smith, George F. P. 343
Smith, Hubert
829
Smith, J. August 821
1435
Smith, J. W.
Smith, John M.
1087
Smith, L. Jacob 744
Smith, . Sanford
608
Smith, William
822
Smith, William W.
536
Speaker, Nimrod
332
Starkweather, Alfred A. 1312
Starling, William D. 356
Stauffer, George A.
448
Stechschulte, August
379
Stechschulte, Bernard I.
1119
Stechschulte, Edward B.
699
Steffen, Christ 1140
Steiner, David C. 542
Steiner, Gideon C.
436
Steiner, Peter P.
316
Steiner, Ulrich S.
502
Stephens, John B.
731
Stevenson, Walter S.
367
Stoepfel, Florian 687
Stuber, Ludwig 1078
Summers, Hiram M. 558
Suter, Jacob A.
344
Syfert, George B. 1253
T
Tate, Ashford L.
496
Teegardin, James H. 738
Teegardin, Thomas M. 1246
Thomas, James G.
1234
Thomas, John E. 754
Thrailkill, Albert H. 1090
Todd, Orville V.
970
Townsend, Orren E.
364
Trask, William V.
1413
Trietch, Adam
578
807
Tudor, William
U
Unterbrink, Henry J.
1374
Unterbrink,
William J.
603
Unverferth, Bernard A. 440
Unverferth, Joseph A.
573
Utendorf, Bernard R.
1364
Utendorf, John H.
1264
V
Vale, Mrs. Jean P.
888
Van Meter, Carl Regil.
446
Varner, Asa
645
Varner, Charles 629
Varner, William J. 882
Verhoff, August G. 839
Verhoff, Frank F.
715
Verhoff, Frank J.
637
Verhoff, Frederick W. 692
Verhoff, Henry B. 1368
Verhoff, John B. 928
Verhoff, John T.
642
Verhoff, Joseph C. 658
Verhoff, Mathias T. 670
Verhoff, Theodore 584
Verhoff, William F.
898
Vogel, Joseph
656
Von Lehmden, Louis
1416
W
Wallen, Frank W.
1304
Walters, John A.
923
824
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Wannemacher, Henry 1179
Wannemacher, John H. 1186
Wannemacher, Joseph C. 1024
Ward, Henry
1081
Warnecke, Joseph
660
Warren, Francis M.
1001
Watterson, Dr. Ethelbert
570
Wehinger, August H.
1443
Welty, Aldine J.
296
Welty, Elias
752
Wendell, Harry F. 334
Werner, William L., M. D.
294
White, John H.
1093
Wight, Charles E.
560
Wilkins, Sherman A.
430
Williams, Henry R.
794
Williams, John D.
749
Williams, Michael
1181
Williams, Peter
1143
Williams, Thomas S.
777
Williams, Walter E.
775
Wing, Henry 835
Winkelman, George 1019
Winkler, John W. 375
Wischmeyer, William J.
1266
Wisterman, David
626
Wollam, William L.
1236
Wood, Moston
747
Wynkoop, Lance M.
680
Y
Yenner, John G., Jr.
1441
Young, Anderson J. 392
Young, Isaac N.
1209
Young, William P. S.
402
Z
Zahrend, Mrs. Addie L. (Hall) 328
Zimmerly, Christian
516
Zink, Joseph
1268
Zuercher, Isaac
451
HISTORICAL
CHAPTER I.
RELATED STATE HISTORY.
The first white men to set foot upon the Northwest Territory were French traders and missionaries under the leadership of La Salle. This was about the year 1670 and subsequent discoveries and explorations in this region by the French gave that nation practically undisputed possession of all the territory organized in 1787 as the Northwest Territory. It is true that the English colonies of Virginia, Connecticut and Massachusetts claimed that their charters extended their grants westward to the Mississippi river. However, France claimed this territory and successfully maintained posses- sion of it until the close of the French and Indian War in 1763. At that time the treaty of Paris transferred all of the French claims east of the Mississippi river to England, as well as all claims of France to territory on the mainland of North America. For the next twenty years the Northwest Territory was under the undisputed control of England, but became a part of the United States by the treaty which terminated the Revolutionary War in 1783. Thus the flags of three nations have floated over the territory now comprehended within the present state of Ohio-the tri-color of France, the union jack of England and the stars and stripes of the United States.
History will record the fact that there was another nation, however, which claimed possession of this territory and, while the Indians can hardly be called a nation, yet they made a gallant fight to retain their hunting grounds. The real owners of this territory struggled against heavy odds to maintain their supremacy and it was not until the battle of Tippecanoe, in the fall of 1811, that the Indians gave up the unequal struggle. Tecumseh, the Washington of his race, fought fiercely to save this territory for his people, but the white man finally overwhelmed him, and "Lo, the poor Indian" was pushed westward across the Mississippi. The history of the Northwest
3
34
PUTNAM COUNTY, OHIO.
Territory is full of the bitter fights which the Indian waged in trying to drive the white man out, and the defeat which the Indians inflicted on General St. Clair on November 4, 1792, will go down in the annals of American history as the worst defeat which an American army ever suffered at the hands of the Indians. The greatest battle which has ever been fought in the United States against the Indians occurred in the state of Ohio. This was the battle of Fallen Timbers and occurred August 20, 1794, the scene of the battle being within the present county of Defiance. After the close of the Revolutionary War the Indians, urged on by the British, caused the settlers in the Northwest Territory continual trouble and defeated every de- tachment sent against them previous to their defeat by Gen. Anthony Wayne at the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Although there was some trouble with the Indians after this time, they never offered serious resistance after this memorable defeat until the fall of 1811, when Gen. William Henry Har- rison completely routed them at the battle of Tippecanoe.
TERRITORY NORTHWEST OF THE OHIO ( 1670-1754).
Ohio was the first state created out of the old Northwest Territory, although Indiana had been previously organized as a territory. When the land comprehended within the Northwest Territory was discovered by the French under La Salle about 1670, it was a battle ground of various Indian tribes, although the Eries, who were located along the shores of Lake Erie, were the only ones with a more or less definite territory. From 1670 to 1763, the close of the French and Indian War, the French were in possession of this territory and established their claims in a positive manner by exten- sive exploration and scattered settlements. The chief centers of French settlement were at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Fort Crevecour and at several missionary stations around the shores of the great lakes. The French did not succeed in doing this without incurring the hostility of the Iroquois Indians, a bitter enmity which was brought about chiefly because the French helped the Shawnees, Wyandots and Miamis to drive the Iroquois out of the territory west of the Muskingum river in Ohio.
It must not be forgotten that the English also laid claim to the North- west Territory, basing their claim on the discoveries of the Cabots and the subsequent charters of Virginia, Massachusetts and Connecticut. These charters extended the limits of these three colonies westward to the Pacific ocean, although, as a matter of fact, none of the three colonies made a settle- ment west of the Alleghanies until after the Revolutionary War. New York
35
PUTNAM COUNTY, OHIO.
sought to strengthen her claim to territory west of the Alleghanies in 1701, by getting from the Iroquois, the bitter enemies of the French, a grant to the territory from which the French and their Indian allies had previously ex- pelled them. Although this grant was renewed in 1726 and again confirmed in 1744, it gave New York only a nominal claim and one which was never recognized by the French in any way.
English traders from Pennsylvania and Virginia began in 1730 to pay more attention to the claims of their country west of the Alleghanies and north of the Ohio river. When their activities reached the ears of the French the governor of French Canada sent Celeron de Bienville up and down the Ohio and the rivers and streams running into it from the north and took formal possession of the territory by planting lead plates at the mouth of every river and stream of any importance. This peculiar method of the French in seeking to establish their claims occurred in the year 1749 and opened the eyes of England to the necessity of taking some immediate action. George II, the king of England at the time, at once granted a charter for the first Ohio Company ( there were two others by the same name later organized ), composed of London merchants and enterprising Virginians, and the com- pany at once proceeded to formulate plans to secure possession of the territory north of the Ohio and west of the Mississippi. Christopher Gist was sent down the Ohio river in 1750 to explore the country as far west as the mouth of the Scioto river, and made several treaties with the Indians. Things were now rapidly approaching a crisis and it was soon evident that there would be a struggle of arms between England and France for the disputed region. In 1754 the English started to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, on the site of the present city of Pitts- burgh, but before the fort was completed the French appeared on the scene, drove the English away and finished the fort which had been begun.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754-63).
The crisis had finally come. The struggle which followed between the two nations ultimately resulted in the expulsion of the French from the mainland of America as well as from the immediate territory in dispute. The war is known in America as the French and Indian War and in the history of the world as the Seven Years' War, the latter designation being due to the fact that it lasted that length of time. The struggle developed into a world-wide conflict and the two nations fought over three continents, America, Europe and Asia. It is not within the province of this resume of
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