USA > Ohio > Mahoning County > History of Trumbull and Mahoning counties with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches, Vol. II > Part 45
USA > Ohio > Trumbull County > History of Trumbull and Mahoning counties with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches, Vol. II > Part 45
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It stands on the "green." The main part of the building is forty-five feet square, and accord- ing to the original contract, still in existence, was built in the Doric style of architecture, had two rows of small windows, and two large Venetian windows, one in each end, and originally had a high pulpit, a gallery on three sides, square pews, a broad aisle in the center, with two narrow ones on either side, a tall spire and weather vane, all after the old Connecticut fashion. It was built by the Congregationalists, with some assistance from the people of the township, with the understanding that it might be used for all town purposes, and be free to all denominations when not in use by themselves. In addition to the names of the building committee, among the largest subscribers were Thomas Thompson, Davis Fuller, Chester Andrews, William Bush- nell, Elam Jones, Calvin Cone, Philo Borden, Seth Thompson, Shaler Fitch, Asahel Brainard, and Aaron Brockway. These were followed by the names of nearly all the men in the township ; the young men subscribing an amount sufficient for the erection of the steeple, which was not included in the original contract.
This was the first church built in the county. In 1846 it was repaired and materially changed. During the decade following, the churches hav- ing united, and the "old church" being no longer used for religious purposes, it has been devoted entirely to schools.
During its early history it was used for all pub- lic purposes, political as well as religious. With- in its walls in years past theories of all kinds have been promulgated.
LATER SETTLERS.
After the close of the War of 1812, emigra- tion to the West largely increased, and the fol- lowing named persons, most of them with fam- ilies, settled in the township within a few years:
3*
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Calvin Cone, Seymour A. Moses, John Banning, Lory Norton, Spencer Parsons, Romanta Nor- ton, Daniel Spencer, Elihu Bates, Nathan Spen- cer, Azel Tracy, Joseph A. Gould, Amos Jones, Ambrose Hart, Dr. J. C. Wilcox, Thomas Dutch- er, Theron Plumb, Alva Hart. Gad Hart, Ches- ter Fancher, Oris Mason, William Waterhouse, Robinson Truesdale, Titus Rowe, Paul Wellman, Hosea Mowrey, Isaac Taylor, Louis Canfield, Levi Canfield, Jarvis Gates, Luman Canfield, Matthias Gates, Richard Gates, Amos Hart, Captain Asa Hutchins, Julius Miner, Jeremiah Leaming, Andrew Messersmith, Arial Chapman, Isaac Leaming, William Hull, Benjamin Reeder.
Calvin Cone was one of the pioneers of Gusta- vus in 1804, and changed his residence to this place in 1817.
Captain Asa Hutchins came from Vienna in 1816.
William Hull was a pioneer settler of Vernon in 1805, changing his residence to Hartford in 1821.
At a still later date came William Bond, Wil- liam McCord, Norman E. Austin, Ira Fowler, the Bakers, Bennetts, Beebes, Hulls, Truman Parks, Billings O. Plimpton, Milton Holcomb, and Asa Newman.
At this time almost every family made the material for their own clothes. The clatter of the loom, the humming of the great wheel, or the buzzing of the little wheel, sometimes called "grandmother's piano," gave life and bustle, as well as business, to the whole household. Cur- rency was so scarce that families were compelled to live within themselves, and barter became the usual rule in business. It was difficult at times to raise money for the payment of taxes; property being sold at almost any price to obtain the necessary funds to pay the county treasurer. School "marms" taught at seventy-five cents a week, or less, even, and were sometimes partly paid with "store orders," or "white backs," as they were sometimes called, and with these they purchased calico at fifty cents per yard for their "Sunday best." Butter at six cents per pound, pork and beef from two to three cents, did not allow of large store bills. Men and boys, to some extent, used buckskin breeches for every- day wear. They had one merit, at least, that of being durable if not elegant.
In the summer of 1828 the township was
visited by the typhoid fever ; some thirty deaths occurring within a few weeks, nearly all young people, the family of Colonel William Bush- nell losing seven members in a short time. It commenced in Brookfield, came north into this township, and spread to some extent from this place. For a time it seemed to baffle the skill of the best physicians in the country. Those first taken with it and having the most care and attention, nearly all fell victims to the scourge. Dr. Kirtland, of Poland, Dr. Manning of Youngstown, Dr. J. C. Wilcox, and Dr. Asahel Jones, of this place, were in constant attendance for some weeks.
ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT.
About 1832 the anti-slavery agitation com- menced in this community. A society was soon formed, and for a long time Hartford was a prominent place for all lectures of that class. As a result of this agitation a branch of the memorable underground railway was run through the township, with many farm-house stations on its route, from which no fleeing bondsman were ever turned away.
MILLS.
Jeffery Bently bought of Holmes & Root, for a consideration of $100, two acres of land in lot twenty-three, near the south line of the town- ship, the deed bearing date September 7, 1803. Upon this lot, according to the wording of the deed, mills had previously been built by him. The property was soon after sold to Titus Brock- way and Daniel Hummason, for a considera- tion of $700, deed bearing date April 9, 1805. The first grist mill was so poorly constructed that the grain when ground, had such a peculiar appearance a facetious pioneer named it the "maggot mill." Improvements continued to be made, with some additions of land to the original purchase, until finally Hummason sold his one- half interest to Brockway, December2, 1808, for a consideration of $1,500.
Previous to the building of this and the Orange- ville mill, some families made mortars in the tops of stumps, and with a pestle and spring pole pounded their grain ; others boiled wheat for food when the supplies ran low, and could not be renewed.
For a short time the pioneers were compelled to go to Beaver and Neshannock to mill, or supply
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their wants with more primitive means. In 1822 both mills were burned. It was supposed to have been the work of an incendiary. They were immediately rebuilt, however, with the saw- mill at the first location and the grist-mill a short distance farther south. The second grist- mill was burned in 1826, and was never rebuilt. The saw-mill is still standing, which was built at this time. This property soon after passed into the possession of Titus Brockway's son Ed- ward, who sold it to its present owner, Joseph Burnett, in 1855. Water was the motive power for mills of all kinds early in the century.
About 1817 Asa Hutchins built a saw-mill on Yankee run, west of Burnett's mill, but it never did much business and soon went to decay. At a later date Alexander Spears built one, still farther west, on the same stream, which was used many years. On the west township line one was built by Mr. Foot at an early period. At the head of the ravine at the ledge a saw-mill stood, some forty years ago, owned by Daniel G. Andrews. On Brockway run west of Orange- ville Lymon A. Moses built a mill, which was afterward owned by Bradford Hewitt, and at a later period was run by steam-power. On Mc- Cullough run Wilson Bushnell and Harry Parker built one, and only the remnant of a mill-dam and race are now to be seen. On the ridge George Snyder built a mill of the same class. It was also used as a steam-mill for some time. It has been removed.
So little reliance could be placed on the water saw-mills, and steam as a motive power for making lumher being unused, a project was started for using oxen for this purpose. Such a mill was built in 1821 and 1822, after original plans by the proprietor. It was situated on lot nineteen, a half mile east of the center, on land now known as the Tracy farm.
The steam-mill south of the center was built in 1849 by Jarvin Gates and Jay Parsons. It was bought soon after by Daniel Parsons, who sold to Benjamin Finn, Jr. It is now the prop- erty of Hummason & McCullum. It has at- tained to an unusual age for a steam saw-mill, having been in existence thirty-two years.
INDEPENDENCE DAY.
The first celebration of our National inde- pendence in this place is said to have taken
place July 4, 1802, all the inhabitants in this vicinity assembling for the purpose.
In 1805 the day was spent by the pioneers in clearing the common, and was certainly a prac- tical as well as patriotic way of spending the .day.
In 1813 the day was celebrated with more for- mality at the barn of William C. Jones, which is now owned by his grandson, Robert C. Jones. An oration was delivered by Rev. Harvey Coe, and a dinner was provided at the tavern of David Lane.
In 1824 a celebration on a large scale was held at the center, and in 1842 the occasion par- took more of a political character on account of the anti-slavery agitation, and that in 1861, on account of the breaking out of the war, engen- dered a military spirit and resulted in the organ- ization of local military companies.
Our National centennial was celebrated in Hartford at Institute hall, in the " old church " building, by a Centennial tea party, which was an occasion of much interest.
SCHOOLS.
Like all people of New England origin and education, the pioneer had no sooner laid the foundation of a church than a school was estab- lished in the same vicinity.
In 1804 the first school in the township was taught at Burg Hill by Miss Bartholomew, con- sisting of twenty-four scholars from Hartford and Vernon.
As soon as the " green " was cleared from trees and brush, in 1805, the first school-house was erected. It was a frame building and stood nearly east of the town hall site. It was the first public building and nearly the first framed one in the township. After some four removals it now stands on the farm of William Mitchel. It has some historic interest connected with it, as for a time it was the only school-house, and for many years served also as church and town-hall. The first summer school was taught by Miss Amanda Finney. The following winter, school was taught by Wells Andrews. Among the early teachers we may mention Philo Borden, Ambrose Hart, Chester Andrews, Joseph Trues- dale, George Hallock, Miss Hannah Bushnell, Miss Sally Gates, Miss Lura Bushnell, and Miss Olive Hickox. Theodore Trade at one time taught a school for two seasons in this school-
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house, numbering one hundred and six scholars. Besides his day labors his evenings were occu- pied with special schools for writing and spell- ing, for all of which he was paid the then large salary of $17 per month.
For a time there were but two school districts in the township, one at Burg Hill and one at the center. The first log school-house at Burg Hill stood opposite the residence of the late Seth Hayes. Soon the increase of population, how- ever, made others necessary. The first school- house in the " Mill district " was of logs, and stood on the township line where the Methodist Episcopal church now stands. It was probably built in 1808, and the first school was taught by General Charles Woodruff. The second school- house stood under the " old elm tree" north of the mill-dam, and the first teacher in it was Miss Lavinia Flower, in the summer of 1816, fol- lowed by Thomas Bushnell, Jr., the next winter.
The first school-house in the east district was also of logs, and stood upon the corner opposite the residence of John B. Jones. The first two terms were taught by Miss Electa M. Jones. The first school on the ridge was taught by Miss Pluma More. The first school-house in the west district stood on the Bates farm about one-half mile north of Bates's corner. Among the names of those who have since taught in various places in the township may be mentioned Buel Barnes, Sarah M. Jones, Dr. William Bushnell, now of Mansfield, Ohio, Joseph Marvin, James Beebe, James L. Gage, whose wife was the well known Mrs. Frances D. Gage, Bethuel Beaman, Ira I. Fuller, Stephen Watkins, Miss Maria Aus- tin, Miss Hannah Hutchins, Miss Amanda L. Beer, Miss Mary J. Leslie, A. R. Bushnell, Miss Mary Hoadley, Amos Thomas, N. G. Hyde, Riley Hull, and Marshal Woodford.
In 1827 a two-story brick school-house was erected at Burg Hill, the upper part of which was used for many years by the Free-will Baptist society. The first schools in this building were taught by George Hallock and Miss Sarah M. Jones.
In 1828 a two-story brick school-house was built at the center. These two buildings were used for some twenty-five years, when for some good cause they were demolished, and the pres- ent less pretentious and more modern houses were erected.
At the present time the common schools of the township are nine in number. Number one is known as Hartford special school district, number five as Orangeville special school district; the remaining schools, comprising four sub- school and three fractional school districts, are known as Hartford school districts. The school enumeration for 1880 in this township was four hundred and thirty-three. The amount paid for the support of common schools for the same year was $2,413.16.
The first school of a higher grade was taught by John Crowell in 1824, in the house now standing, long known as the residence of Cap- tain Thomas Thompson. At a later date the Rev. Wells Andrews, Miss Caroline Andrews, Miss Lorain Marvin, and Miss Ann Brigham were also engaged at various times in teaching.
About 1840 a young ladies' school was taught for a number of terms by Miss Caroline Billings, and after a lapse of forty years is frequently re- ferred to by citizens of the township as one which has left a lasting impression.
Seth A. Bushnell taught in 1843; Rev. Hor- ace Palmer a little later. About this time Mr. and Mrs. Curtis taught at Burg Hill. In 1847 and 1849 John Lynch taught four months in the upper room of the old brick school-house, and gave general satisfaction. During the next sum- mer a room was fitted up in the lower part of the old church for school purposes, at an expense of some $400. Dr. George W. Bushnell, Paul Wellman, Dr. Robert M. Beebe, George Hallock, and William Truesdale were chosen as a board of trustees.
In the winter of 1849 an act was passed by the General Assembly to incorporate the Hartford high school, and the board organized under the provisions of this act. In September, 1849, John Lynch commenced teaching in this new school- room, and in the winter following had over one hundred scholars under his charge. Miss Mary Conant, E. M. Cotton, Isaac W. Case, T. A. Bushnell, and F. V. Hayden were his assistants. He left to take charge of the union schools of Ashland, and still later was principal of the schools at Circleville, Ohio. Mr. Lynch pos- sessed a peculiar faculty as teacher, which has never been equaled by any of his numerous suc- cessors, and is held in high esteem by all classes. List of principals and assistant teachers: Andrew
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Patterson, F. V. Hayden, 1850-51 ; Cornelius Powers, Mrs. Minerva Powers, 1851-52; Hender- son Judd, Mrs. Sarah C. Judd, 1852-53; A. K. Warren, Miss Emeline Warren, 1853-54; A. B. Lyon, Miss M. J. Goodrich, 1854-55; J. R. Ken- nedy, 1855-56, Edward Whiting, Miss E. Post, 1856-57; Erastus M. Cravath, Miss Mary J. An- drews, 1857-59; E. H. Merrill, Miss J. A. Bush- nell, 1859-61; A. H. Brown, Mrs. M. E. Brown, 1861-62; J. G. Knight, 1862-63; Miss Jerusha A. Bushnell, 1863-64; Mrs. Ophelia Forward, 1865-66; John Hamilton, 1866-67; Ransom Davis, 1867-68.
In 1871, the old church being no longer re- quired for religious meetings, it was entirely devoted to school purposes, and repaired at an expense of some $2,000, the lower floors being devoted to school-rooms, and the upper part converted into a hall for public exercises. A board of nine trustees was chosen by the sub- scribers of the school fund, viz: Homer B. Thompson, Peter Carlton, Edwin Bennett, Rev. George W. Anderson, Seth Thompson, Rev. J. B. Davison, T. A. Bushnell, Dr. James Irwin, and Benjamin Fenn. These trustees became in- corporated under a general law of the State, made and provided for such cases, and the school was named Hartford Academic Institute.
The list of teachers since the reorganization has been as follows:
Mr. and Mrs. James W. Cheney, and Miss Ermina J. Day, 1871-72 ; J. W. Bowen and Miss Ermina J. Day, 1872-73; Mr. P. D. Dodge taught for three years, from 1873 to 1876, with Miss Hattie Linn as assistant for two years, and the third year with Miss F. M. Rogers and Miss Etta Gorseline ; Mr. E. P. Madole, with Miss M. C. Hulbert and Miss Albertson, 1876-77 ; Mr. L. G. Spencer, with Miss Martha Hyde, in 1877-78, and also in 1879; C. B. Shaw, in 1879-80 ; Peter Vogel, 1880 -- 81 ; Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Rice, 1881 -- 82.
For over thirty years, this school of a higher grade has been maintained by tuitions and pri- vate contributions, and during that time has been of great benefit to this community and neighbor- ing townships. It has in these years had its time of prosperity and adversity, but as long as the spirit of the pioneer fathers exists among the inhabitants, it will doubtless be sustained and supported.
MILITARY.
Among the pioneers were a few men who had served in the Continental army at various periods during the Revolutionary war, all buried at the center, except William C. Jones, who is buried at Burg Hill. He took part at the battle of Bunker Hill, and also served under Gates at Saratoga. Captain Alexander Bushnell, who re- ceived his commission while serving under Washington ; Titus Hayes, who endured the hardships of the winter at Valley Forge ; Edward Brockway, who took part in the capture of Bur- goyne at Saratoga ; Thomas and Daniel Bush- nell, who served in their father's company for a time near the close of the war.
At the first military election, held May 7, 1804, William Bushnell was elected captain, Daniel Hummason first lieutenant, and Ebenezer M. Combs ensign. This company at that time formed a part of the Second regiment, Second brigade, Fourth division, Ohio militia, under Major-general Wadsworth. At a little later period it became the Third regiment, Third bri- gade of the same division, and was so designated during the War of 1812.
The following imperfect list of soldiers in the war is given. It includes a few who settled here since that period, and also two or three who resided here many years, and were long identified with the township but have since removed: Colonel Richard Hayes, Seth Thompson, Thom- as McFarland, Hosea Mowrey, Davis Fuller, John Pfouts, Alexander Bushnell (3d), Selden Jones, Michael Quiggle, Selden C. Jones, Elijah Woodford, Jehiel Hurlburt, Wilson Bushnell, Archibald McFarland, Peter Quiggle, Ezra Hart, Harry Parker, Asa Andrews, A. W. Moses, Lieutenant Andrew Bushnell, Alva Hart, Cap- tain Asa Hutchins, Elisha Bennett, Elijah Saw- yer, Mathias Gates, Lester Hayes, Frederick Shull, John Groscost, Sherman Andrews, Joel Hall, William Bates, George W. Cassiday, O. S. Goodrich, Jacob DeWitt, John Kepner, Luman Brockway, Ambrose Hart, Lester Bushnell.
Azariah W. Moses was the last surviving mem- ber of Colonel Hayes' regiment in the township.
In 1823, by permission of Andrew Bushnell, brigadier-general First brigade Fourth division, Ohio militia, a company of light infantry was organized here, and for some years, under the command of Captain Philo Borden, Captain
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Robinson Truesdale, Captain Azel Tracy, and perhaps other officers, it was maintained with a good degree of military pride. The company was ordered out for guard duty at the execution of Gardiner by Sheriff Mygatt.
In 1835, during the border troubles, the State militia were called upon by Governor Lucas, through the proper officials, for volunteers to "march at a moment's warning to the northern frontier of Ohio, to protect our fellow-citizens residing within its constitutional limits, from the lawless aggression and outrage of the authorities of Michigan."
They probably all volunteered, as was custo- mary in such cases. The matter was soon set- tled, and their brief vision of military service passed away. The company was made of good material, and at a later date would doubtless have made a good military record. After this the company and regimental musters were all that served to keep alive the military spirit, and even these in a few years were abandoned.
The following is a list of those who died in the war of 1861-65: Lieutenant Calvin C. Hart was killed at Murfreesboro December 31, 1862. Christopher A. Bennett was also wounded at Murfreesboro and died January 10th. Charles Bennett was wounded at Brown's Ferry October 7, 1863, and died December 8, 1863. Asbury Hewitt was wounded at Resaca and died at At- lanta, and was buried by the rebels. Albert Mc- Farland was killed at Murfreesboro. George Norton died in hospital at Louisville, Kentucky. Milo Bushnell died in hospital at Gallipolis, Ohio, April 17, 1863. Daniel W. Brockway died in Cleveland April 12, 1864. Virgil Holcomb died June 24, 1863, at Reedsville, Tennessee. Owen Spencer died at Manchester, Tennessee, August 16, 1863. Stewart Grosscost died in Andersonville prison. William Shirey was killed at Murfreesboro December 31, 1862. William Law died in hospital September 29, 1864. Harry Messenger, a member of the Seventy-sixth Penn- sylvania regiment, was killed in July, 1863. Elliot S. Gilky, a member of the Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania regiment, was killed May 7, 1864, in the battle of the Wilderness. George Dutcher, a member of the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania regiment, was wounded at Bermuda Hundred by a grape shot, and died in hospital at City Point, Virginia. H. H. Brown was known to have died
of starvation in Andersonville prison September 14, 1864. Frank Curtis, J. Pelton, S. Moun- tain, Luftus Murray, Harrison Allen, Melker Mellinger, John Decker, and William Paden also either died in battle or hospital during the war.
Lieutenant Davis Fuller has since died from disease contracted while in the army.
LADIES' AID SOCIETY.
Soon after President Lincoln's call for troops in April, 1861, the ladies of the township, anx- ious to bear their small share in the exertions and privations to be imposed by the war, organized a society for the purpose of sending needed aid to the soldiers of our army in camp or hospital. The first meeting was on June 5, 1861, at the session room of the Congregational church. In records still preserved it is shown that Mrs. Joel Miner was elected its first president, Miss Ma- linda Brockway and Miss Fanny Jones, vice- presidents ; Mrs. A. G. Hart, secretary, and Mrs. D. Parsons, treasurer. A committee was then appointed to canvass the township to solicit donations of money and goods. It consisted of Mrs. D. S. Tracy, Miss Harriet Jones, Celia Gallespie, Mary Fitch, Jerusha Bushnell, Mrs. Gad Hart, Carrie Brockway, Mary Hoadly, Laura Olmstead, Mrs. Seth Hayes, Mrs. M. Cook, Jane Hale, Helen Hart, Ellen Bushnell, Matilda Lafferty, Mrs. E. Space, Mrs. Jerome Hall, Miss Elizabeth Myers, Miss Rebecca Jones.
With this competent and energetic corps of officers and committee, commenced the three years and a half of patient, unremitting, and persevering labor which followed. Each week the society met once, if not more, and much work was given out to those who found it not convenient to attend. After the first six months the society was reorganized as a branch of the Cleveland Aid society, and thenceforward received directions for work from it. After this time the officers were as follows : Presidents, Mrs. Ben- jamin Fenn, Mrs. Daniel Parsons, Miss Eliza Spear, Miss Jerusha Bushnell, Mrs. James Mat- tox. Secretaries, Mrs. Albert Hart, Mrs. Robert Johnson, Miss Mary Beebe. Treasurers, Mrs. D. Parsons, Mrs. J. Mattox, Mrs. Jay Baker, Miss E. Spear, Mrs. Augustus Drury. The dis- bursements amounted in all to $18,000, part of which was sent through the Cleveland branch of the sanitary commission, and part sent direct to
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the army. Beside this, quite an amount of sani- tary stores and money were left on hand, at the close of the war, which in time was divided between the Freedmen and sufferers by the Chicago fire. Among the earnest workers of this society were Miss Lizzie Beebe, Mary Bushnell, Mary Bennett, Anna Bates, Rhoda Moses, Mrs. Elmer Moses, Miss Jerusha Fuller, Esther Wier, Ida Thompson, Malinda Kepner, Mrs. Eliza Bennett, Mrs. Solon Gilky, Mrs. Calvin Hart, Mrs. Homer Thompson, Miss Deborah Borden, Anna Hart, Sophia Bennett, Kate Bushnell, Mrs. Henry Chamberlain, Miss Sarah Bushnell, Janett Spear, Miss Caroline Dutcher, Lavina Gallespie. The officers of the Orangeville so- ciety, also in this township, consisted of Mrs. Charles Hull, Mrs. Shelden Palmer, presidents; Mrs. Edward Jones, Mrs. Jesse Hahn, vice-presi- dents ; Mrs. Augustus Moffitt, Mrs. Henry Reed, secretaries and treasurers. Estimate of dis- bursements, $15,000.
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