USA > Ohio > Union County > History of Union County, Ohio; its people, industries and institutions > Part 2
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Natural Features 495
Newspapers 160
Officials. Town 49S
Pioneer Dairy 496
Platting of
102.
495
Population
194
Postoffice History
500
Present Business Interests 499
Roads 138
Rocks of the County
S4
Ross County
75.
92
Royal Arch Masons
261
S
Shelby County 76
Sheriff's 135
Siege of Cincinnati 315
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Territory Northwest of the Ohio
34
Third Court House
117
Timber
S4
Townships, Acreage
S1
Townships, Organization of
104
Townships, Population
354
Trapping and Hunting
109
Treasurers, County
133
Treaty at Greenville
45
Tri-County Fair Association
146
Trumbull County
77
Turnpike Lands
56
Tuscarawas County
78
U
Union Banking Co.
152
Union Center
103, 127
Union County
78
Agricultural Society
143
Created
117
Drainage
S2
Early Settlement
106
Enlistments
282
Location
S1
Organization of
91.
94
Physical Features S1
Physicians
163
Pioneer Assn.
115
Postoffices
363
Subdivisions
98
Teachers' Institute
260
Union Township
387
Cemeteries
396
First Election
397
Natural Features
387
Pioneers
3SS
Population
355
Post-road Settlement 392
Settlement
106
Territory
387
Unionville Center
410
Business Interests 410
Officials of Town 411
Platting of
103
Postoffice Ilistory
411
I'nited Brethren Churches
226
United Presbyterianism
212
United States Military Lands
5-1
Universalist Church
237
V
Valuations, Assessed
128
Van Wert County
78
Veteran Republicau Voter
363
Veteranized Regiments
314
Village I'lats
101
Villages, Incorporated S1
Villages, Unincorporated
82
Vinton County
78
Virginia Military District
54
Vote in Townships, First.
104
Vote iu Townships, 1914
104
W
Wages of Teachers
259
War of 1812
271
Warren County
79
Washington County
78.
91
Washington Township
504
Churches 218, 223. 232
Commissioners' Record
504
Formation of
100
Natural Features
504
Organization of
104
Population
355
Schools
257
Settlement
107, 505
Watkins
433
Churches
214
Platting of
102
Wayne, Gen. Anthony
44
Wayne County
19.
91
Weather Comments
35-1
Wells and Springs
S6
Williams County
79
Wood County
79
Woodland
Wyandot County
Wyandot. the Doomed
381
Y
York Center
482
Churches
220
HISTORICAL INDEX.
York Center-
Grange
149
Platting of 103
Schools 250
Postmasters 482
Settlement 107. 474
York Township 173
Young Men's Christian Assn.
236
Churches 207, 231
Election of 1840 470
Formation of 100
Natural Features 474
Organization
104, 473
York Township-
Population 355
Z
Zane Sections 56
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
A
Acton, William A. 1048
Agner. llarry L.
Alden, Uriah Stotts 1066
Allgower, Carl
921
Amrine, Monroe
987
Andrews, Frank E.
771
Armstrong. Charles
Carroll
551
Arnold. Isaac W. 1082
Asman, Charles 629
Asman, Fred J.
682
Asman, John C.
694
Atkinson, Rev. William Alexander GAS
Aner, Fred J.
664
Aner. John
627
B
Bailey, W. K. S19
Bainer, Joseph M. 636
Baker. Byron Evans. M. D. GSS
Baldwin, Mason L. 815
Bates, Asa G.
578
Beem, Lonis Clemens. 848
Beightler, William P. 1054
Bell. Oscar N. 809
Bennett. John Foster 667
Berger, Edgar G. 916
Bishop, Bernhard J.
991
Bishop. John 952
Blain, Charles E. 860
Bliss, John Leonard 803
Bine, William D. S44
Boerger, Carl A. 843
Boerger. George Emanuel 798
Boerger, John K. 572
Boerger, Paul Gerhardt 837
Bonham, Ora L. 935
Bown, Dr. Stanley James 945
Brannan, Joseph J. 506
Braun, Charles 600
Brodrick, Judge John M. 560
Brooks, Ilenry .I. 632
Brooks, Nathaniel 1056
Brown, Charles D. 705
Brown, John 1112
Brown, Leroy C. 1078
Brown, Reuben W. 718
Brown, William M. 992
Burnham, Albert
Burns, Martin 1051
Burson. P. V. 756
Butz, William Henry 781
Byner, Charles II.
780
C
Cahill, Uriah 1036
Caldwell, James F. 583
Cameron, Malcolm M. $50
Carson, Samuel H. 700
Carter, Benjamin
S40
Cary. Austin F. 1006
Cassil, Judge John 807
Chapman. Charles S. 552
Chappell. Charles W. 110S
Clark. Shepherd 018
Clevenger, William W. 835
Cline. Lester W. 944
Cody, Elmond C. 928
Cody, Michael Thomas 576
Cody, Thomas 1072
Coe. Charles
972
Coe. Emery M. 900
Cole. James B. 920
Coleman, John Martin 871
Conboy. William Henry 945
Conklin, William A. 730
Connolly, George W. 959
Conrad, Dr. Jesse F. S16
Converse, Bushrod W. $20
Cook, Archie T.
1088
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Coons. Arland T. 947
Cowgill, George W. 86S
Crawford, John 708
Currier, George A. 712
Curry, J. Earl
612
Curry, Col. James 798
Curry, John M. 645
Curry, Louis
547
Curry, Otway
738
Curry, Col. William L. SSO
D
Davies, Rev. John L. 605
Davis, David S. 960
Davis, Thomas J.
1034
Davis, William C.
1022
Dea. Michael H.
1075
Dielil, Charles M. 690
Dodge, Frank E. 1043
Dodge, Thomas J.
785
Drake, John T.
1065
Duke, Dr. Herman Clyde 654
Dull, Walter B.
731
F
Easton. John 974
Easton, Joseph 726
Eaton, Orlando B. 1039
Ebert, Rev. Detlef Philip. 570
Eddy, Albert G.
833
Elliott. John
659
Elliott, Robert F.
808
Elsom, Lee W.
770
Embrey, Joseph 893
Engard, Dr. Peter T.
638
English, Louis G. 950
Enix, Harrison 711
Epps. Willis
1071
Evans, Joseph P. 955
Ewing, James 794
F
Fischer, Jacob 693
Fish, Robert S. 1102
Fladt, Cornelius S11
Fladt, Mathias S06
Fleck, James P.
619
Fogle, William Stephen 764
Fox, John L. 697
Fox. John M. 656
Fry. Richard Sanny 748
Fullington, James
686
G
Gabriel, Joseph 1035
Gase, John George 865
Gase, William
839
Gay. James H.
1027
Gill, Charles Fremont
912
Gill, Henry Dorrett 1109
Gillespie, James H.
657
Glick. Adolph I. 922
Goff, William H. 760
Goff, William M., M. D. 640
Goff, William W.
763
Graham, Arthur 973
Griffith, Thomas F. 790
Grubbs, Christopher
984
Gruenbaum, John 796
Gum, George R. S90
Gunder, John M.
S63
800
Gunnett. Edwin II.
H
Haggard, Matthias R. 721
ITaines, Milton 936
Ilall, Simon 909
Hamilton, Hon. Cornelius S S04
lIamilton, James W. 759
Hanson, Fred E. 822
Hartshorn, John 997
Hlartshorn, John C. 566
Ilathaway, Elias 906
Hazen, Lou W. 589
Ilenders, Noel T. 784
Ilenderson, Major Frank D. 723
HIerd, Heber II. 979
Herriott. John Richard
575
IIill, George. Jr. 852
Holycross, Lester Herbert. 1105
Hoopes, Charles D. S96
Iloopes, William T. 732
Hoover, George Frank 613
Hoskins, William C. S24
Iloward, Cone
736
Howe, John Elbert 1009
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Hoy, Thomas J.
647
Hurd. Joseph E. 773
Hush, George B. 904
Hush, John Henry
995
Lockwood, Warren S. 969
Longbrake, George W. 768
Loughrey, Sylvester L. 751 -
Loveless, William E.
OS5
Lyons, George
650
I
Ingram, Haymond
S41
Inskeep, David II.
1044
J
January, Edwin H. 1104
Jenkins, Dr. Dyer J. 1077
Jewell, Walter 591
Jolliff. John
S53
Jolliff, Wilbert H.
1004
Johnson, Chandler G. 932
Jones. Charles M.
615
Jones, Evan T.
Sex
K
Kearns, John W. 747
Keigley. Ottwa A. 672
Kerns, William
646
Kilgore, Thomas II.
727
King, William
702
Kinkade, John H.
562
Kinney, Israel
782
Kirby, Joseph W.
966
Klipstine, Artemus R.
866
Knust, Rev. Henry C.
767
Koerner, Christopher L.
846
Kritline, John P.
818
Kyle, James Warren
926
L
LaDow, Milton Wilbur
504
Laird, John N. 674
Langstaff, Edward L. $12
Langstaff, James Chalmer
832
Lee, Henry R.
594
Lenox, Oliver P. 661
Lentz, J. Merritt 610
Lentz, Sylvester M. 1024
Liggett, Newton E. 584
Linn, Robert A.
624
Linzinmeire, Lonis
635
Lockwood, Thomas F.
Mc
McAllister, Lenningtou W.
691
McAllister, William G.
830
McCann, Ernest G. 588
McCoy, Leo John
1095
Mellroy, Lafayette
990
Mellroy. Zachariah H. 1081
Mccrary, Vinton D.
1023
McCune, Harry H.
1052
McKitrick, Wade G.
63
M
Marsh, William F.
641
Martin, Albert U.
766
Miller, Frank P. 660
Moffitt, Nathan L.
963
Monroe, Charles Henry, Sr. 938
Moran, Anthony
581
Morelock, Charles A. 592
Morelock, Josiah Jacob 608
Morey, Henry W.
744
Morris, Eli Joseph
S56
Morris, William W.
1033
Morrow, Charles G.
1089
Morse. George Nelson 907
Morse, William C. S02
Mosher, Forrest E.
855
Moss. David 696
Moulton. Rowland C. 665
Mowry, Andrew S.
678
Mulcahy, John
1030
Myers, James H.
1020
N
Nicol. Casper
791
Nicol. Ernest M. C. 795
Nicol, George Michael
1070
Nicol, John M.
981
0
Ormerod. Fred
999
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
P
Parish, Daniel C. 778
Parrott. Charles 757
Penrose. Benjamin E. S13
Perfect, Clarence C.
59S
Perkins. F. W.
1094
Perkins. Joseph W.
573
Piper, Leonidas
568
Plotner, William N.
957
Poling. Jeremiah
618
Poling. Reuben
1013
Poling. Silan H. 1101
Porter. Edward Pratt 1111
Potts, George W.
1028
Powell. Clayton 1.
968
Pratt. Marion D.
1003
R
Ransch, Charles 755
Rea. Joshua N. 961
Ream. George W. 1016
Reames. Christie J. 622
Reed. Esau
734
Reynolds. French G. 1062
Richey, Jefferson L.
752
Ritchie, Joseph W. 737
Rittenhouse, Joseph H.
1045
Robinson, Aaron B. 620
Robinson. Aaron Fay 680
Robinson. Benjamin Lee 792
Robinson, Edwin H. S72
Robinson Family
872
Robinson. F. Scott
S23
Robinson, Gny A.
S38
Robinson, James E.
604
Robinson. Hon. James W. S05
Robinson, Pearl O. 630
Robinson, Thomas L. 826
Robotham. Robert 642
Roebuck. Dr. Linn L. 929
Rupright. Philip
1029
Sanaft. Isaac Walter 1011
Sanders, William 1074
Sanderson, Charles W. 713
Sanderson, Daniel J. 721
Sanderson, George M. 1007
Sawyer, Emory Fulton 555
Schambs, Edward A. 914
Scheiderer, Lewis 1069
Schmidt, John 903
Schoneberger. John Henry 616
Sellers, John L. 557
Sharp, Watt R. 996
Shearer, John H. 977
Sherwood, P. R.
1050
Shipley, William
1046
Sidle. Cornelius D. 858
Sidle. William H. 861
Simons, Arthur Burdett 670
Skidmore. John W. 1079
Skidmore. Sylvanus II. 1106
Smart, Asa R.
1087
Smart, Francis H. 910
Smith, Charles W. 1092
Smith. Edward P. 579
Smith, Percy Monroe 1090
Snowden. Benjamin A.
Southard. Edward F. 89S
Southard. Hou. Leonidas 953
Southard. John Wesley 54S
Spangler, George G.
1100
Spragg. George W. 1017
Staley. Simon 8.53
Staley. Walter M.
976
Staley. William
$79
Stamets, Cyrus 109S
Stamets, Harrison S.
940
Stamats, Malchus F. 1031
Stillings. French G. 716
Stillings, William 720
Stimmel. Alvin 983
Stimmel. Joseph L.
1049
Stiner. W. F.
065
T
Talmage. Byron L. S69
Taylor, Harry A. 1097
Taylor, John Robinson 625
Teets, Wayne
S14
Thomas, James O. 1040
Thomas. William C. 1085
Thompson, Charles L. 1008
Thompson, Fielding A. 648
Thornton, Judge Dudley E.
1084
Tormohlen, Harvey F.
1057
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Tossey, Pearl 994
Turner, Adrian C. 728
Turner, Benjamin Harrison SS7
Turner. Leonidas 1018
Turner, Solomon 1001
V
Vigor, Dr. William Cary
586
Watts, John .J. 776
Weidman, Walter R. 1060
Weller, John B. 970
Wellwood. William M.
942
Westheimer, Nathan P.
Whips. Francis MI. 1064
Whitney, George Everett. 602
Wilber, George MI.
Wile, John R. 895
Wiley, Penrose 787
Wilkins, John F. 1025
Wilkins, John M. 1014
Williams. Cyrus C. 676
Willis, John HI. 652
Willis, William Henry, Jr. 715
Willoughby, Vincent M. 1091
Wise. David B. 704
Woodburn, Robert Lawson SSS
Wynn, Charles C.
1041
Y
Young, Morgan 707
Young, Sidney G. 719
Young. Steven V. R.
Z
Zimmerman, Joseph B.
772
Zwerner, Louis John
HISTORICAL
CHAPTER I.
RELATED STATE HISTORY.
The first white men to set foot upon the Northwest Territory were French traders and missionaries under the leadership of La Salle. This was about the year 1670 and subsequent discoveries and explorations in this region by the French gave that nation practically undisputed possession of all the territory organized in 1787 as the Northwest Territory. It is true that the English colonies of Virginia, Connecticut and Massachusetts claimed that their charters extended their grants westward to the Mississippi river. However, France claimed this territory and successfully maintained posses- sion of it until the close of the French and Indian War in 1763. At that time the treaty of Paris transferred all of the French claims east of the Mississippi river to England, as well as all claims of France to territory on the mainland of North America. For the next twenty years the Northwest Territory was under the undisputed control of England, but became a part of the United States by the treaty which terminated the Revolutionary War in 1783. Thus the flags of three nations have floated over the territory now comprehended within the present state of Ohio-the tri-color of France, the union jack of England and the stars and stripes of the United States.
History will record the fact that there was another nation, however, which claimed possession of this territory and, while the Indians can hardly be called a nation, yet they made a gallant fight to retain their hunting grounds. The real owners of this territory struggled against heavy odds to maintain their supremacy and it was not until the battle of Tippecanoe, in the fall of 1811, that the Indians gave up the unequal struggle. Tecumseh, the Washington of his race, fought fiercely to save this territory for his people, but the white man finally overwhelmed him, and "Lo, the poor Indian" was pushed westward across the Mississippi. The history of the Northwest Territory is full of the bitter fights which the Indian waged in trying to drive
(3)
34
UNION COUNTY, OHIO.
the white man out and the defeat which the Indians inflicted on General St. Clair on November 4. 1792, will go down in the annals of American history as the worst defeat which an American army ever suffered at the hands of the Indians. The greatest battle which has ever been fought in the United States against the Indians occurred in the state of Ohio. This was the battle of Fallen Timbers and occurred August 20, 1794, the scene of the battle being within the present county of Defiance. After the close of the Revolutionary War the Indians, urged on by the British, caused the settlers in the Northwest Territory continual trouble and defeated every de- tachment sent against them previous to their defeat by Gen. Anthony Wayne at the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Although there was some trouble with the Indians after this time, they never offered serious resistance after this memorable defeat until the fall of 1811, when Gen. William Henry Har- rison completely routed them at the battle of Tippecanoe.
TERRITORY NORTHWEST OF THE OHIO ( 1670-1754).
Ohio was the first state created out of the old Northwest Territory, although Indiana had been previously organized as a territory. When the land comprehended within the Northwest Territory was discovered by the French under La Salle about 1670, it was a battle ground of various Indian tribes, although the Eries, who were located along the shores of Lake Erie, were the only ones with a more or less definite territory. From 1670 to 1763, the close of the French and Indian War, the French were in possession of this territory and established their claims in a positive manner by exten- sive exploration and scattered settlements. The chief centers of French settlement were at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Fort Crevecour and at several missionary stations around the shores of the great lakes. The French did not succeed in doing this without incurring the hostility of the Iroquois Indians, a bitter enemity which was brought about chiefly because the French helped the Shawnees, Wyandots and Miamis to drive the Iroquois out of the territory west of the Muskingum river in Ohio.
It must not be forgotten that the English also laid claim to the North- west Territory, basing their claim on the discoveries of the Cabots and the subsequent charters of Virginia, Massachusetts and Connecticut. These charters extended the limits of these three colonies westward to the Pacific ocean, although, as a matter of fact, none of the three colonies made a settle- ment west of the Alleghanies until after the Revolutionary War. New York sought to strengthen her claim to territory west of the Alleghanies in 1701,
35
1.227131 UNION COUNTY, OHIO.
by getting from the Iroquois, the bitter enemies of the French, a grant to the territory from which the French and their Indian allies had previously ex- pelled them. Although this grant was renewed in 1726 and again confirmed in 1744, it gave New York only a nominal claim and one which was never recognized by the French in any way.
English traders from Pennsylvania and Virginia began in 1730 to pay more attention to the claims of their country west of the Alleghanies and north of the Ohio river. When their activities reached the ears of the French the governor of French Canada sent Celeron de Bienville up and down the Ohio and the rivers and streams running into it from the north and took formal possession of the territory by planting lead plates at the mouth of every river and stream of any importance. This peculiar method of the French in seeking to establish their claims occurred in the year 1749 and opened the eyes of England to the necessity of taking some immediate action. George II, the king of England at the time, at once granted a charter for the first Ohio Company ( there were two others by the same name later organized ), composed of London merchants and enterprising Virginians, and the com- pany at once proceeded to formulate plans to secure possession of the territory north of the Ohio and west of the Mississippi. Christopher Gist was sent down the Ohio river in 1750 to explore the country as far west as the mouth of the Scioto river, and made several treaties with the Indians. Things were now rapidly approaching a crisis and it was soon evident that there would be a struggle of arms between England and France for the disputed region. In 1754 the English started to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, on the site of the present city of Pitts- burgh, but before the fort was completed the French appeared on the scene. drove the English away and finished the fort which had been begun.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR ( 1754-63).
The crisis had finally come. The struggle which followed between the two nations ultimately resulted in the expulsion of the French from the mainland of America as well as from the immediate territory in dispute. The war is known in America as the French and Indian War and in the history of the world as the Seven Years' War, the latter designation being due to the fact that it lasted that length of time. The struggle developed into a world-wide conflict and the two nations fought over three continents, America, Europe and Asia. It is not within the province of this resume of the history of Ohio to go into the details of this memorable struggle. It is
36
UNION COUNTY, OHIO.
sufficient for the purpose at hand to state that the treaty of Paris, which terminated the war in 1763, left France without any of her former posses- sions on the mainland of America.
PONTIAC'S CONSPIRACY (1763-64).
With the English in control of America east of the Mississippi river and the French regime forever ended, the Indians next command the attention of the historian who deals with the Northwest Territory. The French were undoubtedly responsible for stirring up their former Indian allies and Pontiac's conspiracy must be credited to the influence of that nation. This formidable uprising was successfully overthrown by Henry Bouquet. who led an expedition in 1764 into the present state of Ohio and compelled the Wyandots, Delawares and Shawnees to sue for peace.
NORTHWEST TERRITORY AND QUEBEC ACT.
From 1764 to 1774, no events of particular importance occurred within the territory north of the Ohio river, but in the latter year (June 22, 1774). England, then at the breaking point with the colonies, passed the Quebec act, which attached this territory to the province of Quebec for administrative purposes. This intensified the feeling of resentment which the colonies bore against their mother country and is given specific mention in their list of grievances which they enumerated in their Declaration of Independence. The Revolutionary War came on at once and this act, of course, was never put into execution.
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1775-83).
During the War for Independence ( 1775-1783), the various states with claims to western lands agreed with the Continental Congress to surrender their claims to the national government. In fact, the Articles of Confedera- tion were not signed until all of the states had agreed to do this and Mary- land withheld her assent to the articles until March 1, 1780, on this account. In accordance with this agreement New York ceded her claim to the United States in 1780, Virginia in 1784, Massachusetts in 1785 and Connecticut in 1786, although the latter state excepted a one-hundred-and-twenty-mile strip of three million five hundred thousand acres bordering on Lake Erie. This strip was formally relinquished in 1800. with the understanding that the
37
UNION COUNTY, OHIO.
United States would guarantee the titles already issued by that state. Vir- ginia was also allowed a reservation, known as the Virginia Military Dis- trict, which lay between the Little Miami and Scioto rivers, the same being for distribution among her Revolutionary veterans. There is one other fact which should be mentioned in connection with the territory north of the Ohio in the Revolutionary period. This was the memorable conquest of the territory by Gen. George Rogers Clark. During the years 1778 and 1779, this redoubtable leader captured Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Vincennes and thereby drove the English out of the Northwest Territory. It is probable that this notable campaign secured this territory for the Americans and that without it we would not have had it included in our possessions in the treaty which closed the Revolutionary War.
FIRST SURVEYS AND EARLY SETTLERS.
The next period in the history of the territory north of the Ohio begins with the passage of a congressional act ( May 20, 1785), which provided for the present system of land surveys into townships six miles square. As soon as this was put into operation, settlers-and mostly Revolutionary soldiers- began to pour into the newly surveyed territory. A second Ohio Company was organized in the spring of 1786, made up chiefly of Revolutionary officers and soldiers from New England, and this company proposed to estab- lish a state somewhere between Lake Erie and the Ohio river. At this junc- ture Congress realized that definite steps should be made at once for some kind of government over this extensive territory, a territory which now in- cludes the present states of Ohio. Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and about a third of Minnesota. Various plans were proposed in Congress and most of the sessions of 1786 and the first half of 1787 were consumed in trying to formulate a suitable form of government for the extensive terri- tory. The result of all these deliberations resulted in the famous Ordinance of 1787, which was finally passed on July 13, 1787.
ORDINANCE OF 1787.
There have been many volumes written about this instrument of gov- ernment and to this day there is a difference of opinion as to who was its author. The present article can do no more than merely sketch its outline and set forth the main provisions. It was intended to provide only a tem- porary government and to serve until such a time as the population of the
38
UNION COUNTY, OHIO.
territory would warrant the creation of states with the same rights and privileges which the thirteen original states enjoyed. It stipulated that not less than three nor more than five states should ever be created out of the whole territory and the maximum number was finally organized, although it was not until 1848 that the last state, Wisconsin, was admitted to the Union. The third article, "Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of educa- tion shall forever be encouraged," has given these five states the basis for their excellent system of public schools, state normals, colleges and uni- versities. Probably the most widely discussed article was the sixth, which pro- vided that slavery and involuntary servitude should never be permitted within the territory and by the use of the word "forever" made the territory free for all time. It is interesting to note in this connection that both Indiana and Illinois before their admission to the Union sought to have this pro- vision set aside, but every petition from the two states was refused by Con- gress in accordance with the provision of the Ordinance.
FIRST STAGE OF GOVERNMENT UNDER THE ORDINANCE.
The ordinance contemplated two grades of territorial government. During the operation of the first grade of government the governor, his secre- tary and the three judges provided by the ordinance were to be appointed by Congress and the governor in turn was to appoint "such magistrates and other civil officers in each county and township as he shall deem necessary for the preservation of the peace and good will of the same." After the federal government was organized a statutory provision took the appoint- ment of these officers out of the hands of Congress and placed it in the hands of the President of the United States. All executive authority was given to the governor, all judicial authority to the three judges, while the governor and judges, in joint session, constituted the legislative body. This means that during the first stage of territorial government the people had absolutely no voice in the affairs of government and this state of affairs lasted until 1799, a period of twelve years.
SECOND STAGE OF GOVERNMENT UNDER THE ORDINANCE.
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