USA > Ohio > Lucas County > Toledo > History of the Toledo police department > Part 6
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Punishment should conform to laws, rules or orders, and should follow the offense promptly. The slightest breach of rules, laws or orders should be investigated and punished. The passing over as trivial a minor breach of rules will soon be followed by a graver offense, subordinates being quick to take advantage of any relaxation of the established rules of discipline.
Keeping Track of Criminals.
BY ANDY ROHAN, VETERAN LIEUTENANT OF DETECTIVES OF CHICAGO, ILLS.
Nevery well-regulated Police or Detective Department there should be a first-class man, who thoroughly understands police matters, whose duty it should be to keep track of criminals. This should be done from the date of their arrest, and in order to do so properly, he should keep a complete record, indexed and classified.
The record should show the names, aliases, age, nationality, residence, names and ad- dresses of associates, haunts, habits, and the particular kind of crime in which the crimin- al is most efficient. It should show the date and place of arrest ; when, where and before whom convicted ; nature of crime, sentence, officers' names, and name of prison, date of release, and all other information that would be of practical use in keeping track of a
126
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
P. A. ALLEN
Che Oil Exchange Buffet
3131/2 Adams Street,
The Best Imported and Domestic Goods € € € Toledo, Ohio
ANTON FLICK, Prop.
The Exchange 835 Broadway
Toledo, Ohio
Bob Griese Art Griese FREE WARM LUNCH ALL DAY
"The Occidental" .... Cafe and Sample Room 101 Broadway, corner Morris St Choice Wines, Liquors and Cigars ....
BEST OF GOOD GOODS
Chas. F. Villbauer 1417 Cherry Street
Toledo, Ohio
*
B.
CH&ORY
3049
BLADE PRINTING & PAPER CO
TOLEDO OHIO
SCENE ON ONE OF TOLEDO'S DOCKS.
128
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
The Most Desirable Shady Park in the State for Picnics, Parties, Etc., with large and small Halls, Dining Hall, Bowling Alley, Etc.
The Bellevue Park
ADAM VOLK, Proprietor
Restaurant and Sample Room in Connection
Special Attention given to Picnies, Weddings and Parties
BROADWAY, Adjoining Walbridge Park
CHAS. W. GATESMAN
Monument Sample Room
617 Summit Street,
TOLEDO, OHIO
Bell Phone 1618
Montebello Cafe
R. F. POWELL, Proprietor
Cor. Adams and Ontario Sts.
TOLEDO, OHIO
129
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
REYNOLD VOIT, MAYOR'S CLERK.
criminal in afterlife. To this record should be added subsequent criminal doings of the person whenever taken into custody.
Of course, this record would be used in connection with an up-to-date rogues' gallery, containing photos of all well-known or convicted criminals, classified according to the par- ticular kind of work in which the original of photograph practices. For instance, put to- gether all well-known shop-lifters' and pickpockets' photographs ; burglars and safe-blow- ers separately ; bunco men by themselves, and so with each different class of criminals. This will greatly facilitate identification, as it does away with the necessity of having a victim look over hundreds or perhaps thousands of photos, which has a tendency to rather bewilder than to assist in identification. By this classification only a comparatively few photos need be shown-just those in which line the crime comes.
It is understood that an accurate description of a criminal is on the reverse side of photo, together with synopsis of his life. This arrangement, used in connection with the Bertillon system of identification, should be of inestimable value to police departments in the detection and identification of criminals. But some of my friends in the police business may argue that this plan is expensive or has a tendency to make the department top-heavy. Would it not be better to maintain a bureau of information of this kind in every principal police office rather than give some "dub" of a policeman, who does not make two arrests a year, or know where the criminal court is, a thousand dollars per year for his services? Under my plan, an opportunity is afforded all police officers, patrolmen as well as plain- clothes officers, to see and familiarize themselves with the faces and general appearance of well-known criminals. By thus keeping themselves posted, they are enabled to "pick up"
130
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
Che Davis Business College
Cor. Jackson Av. and St. Clair St. € Has been under the man- agement of MR. DAVIS for the past 18 years € Call and see the School in Session before making your decision
5. 6. Eddy & Co.
Plumbers and Gas Fitters
235 Cherry Street . .
« « « Celephone 1245
Alfred Ford . . Bat Manufacturer . .
hats Renovated and Remodeled
Straw hat Bleacher
. . Bell Phone 2406 ..
212 Summit Street
Richard Waite
Oliver B. Snider
Waite & Snider
·
Attorneys at Law
217=219 Gardner Building
John Skehan
Dealer in Roadsters and € € € . . heavy Draft horses . .
Office and Stable : 143 Erie Street, near Jefferson
F. L. Uan Wormer
Wholesale and Commissions
Special attention to Beef, Ueal, Pork and Poultry . .
36 and 38 Superior Street
Bell Phone 1191, harrison 266
m. Hoeflinger & Son . . Phone 826 ..
Funeral Directors and Embalmers
Calls Day or night will Receive Prompt Attention
hacks for Funerals, Weddings, Parties . . Livery in Connection . .
201=205 Platt Street
Coledo Scrap Tron and Metal Co. . . Bell Phone 5611
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
Tron, Metals, Rubber, Rags, Paperstock, Rope, Wool, Etc
We also buy and sell new and second-hand Bottles, and pay the highest prices
Office and Yard : 215 Locust St., between Summit and Water
131
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
The Maumee Brewery Co.
TOLEDO OHIO
4Z . HZAPLAZARZA & PZHOZ & APPELAN I I F F 1 Y
V
MAUMEE
0
BRE NING
( C
W E
M B I
BREWERY: 32 to 40 South Superior Street OFFICE and BOTTLING WORKS: 25 to 29 South Huron Street
OUR BRANDS:
CLOISTER BEER ST. GEORGE ALE
EXTRA PORTER
CREAM ALE BOTT'S MALT STOUT
132
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
J. C. CARLAND C. O. WARNER
Carland & Warner
GENERAL CONTRACTORS
Street Paving, Grading and Railroad Construction A SPECIALTY
NASBY BUILDING
Bell Phone 1422
V. SEEGER, Proprietor
Phones Bell 1464 Harrison 46
... THE ....
Toledo Brass & Tron Works
Manufacturer of and Dealer in
Brass Goods
Brass and Bronze Castings
Unalloyed Copper Castings for Electric Purposes & Copper and Brass Cubing Brass Wire, Sheet Brass, Etc. « « « Brass Railings of all Descriptions for Buildings « €
15 St. Clair Street Foundry, 10-12 Superior Street
Headquarters .IN .. Our Lines
1st Floor. Fine China, Rich Cut Glass, Bar Glassware, Chafing Dishes, Bric a-brac, etc.
2d Floor. A full line of Pressed Glass from five cents to five dollars. Also Lamps Globes, Fancy China and Hotel Goods.
3d Floor House Furnishing Goods. Dolls. Toys, etc , at prices far below other dealers.
... THE ...
Daudt Glass & Crockery Co. 236 Summit Street
Long Distance Phone 1063
JOSEPH N. RICARD, Prop.
Ricard Boiler and Engine Works
Boilers, Engines, Dynamos and Motors, Heaters, Tanks and Smokestacks
FOUNDRY - Boiler Fronts, Machinery Castings, Potash Kettles, Railroad Castings, Lime Kiln Castings, Grate Bars, Etc.
Prompt Attention given to Repair Work and all work Warranted
Cubes Welded with machine by Roller Process
Office and Works 700 to 708 Water Street
133
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
such criminals upon view, and good results must naturally follow, and the additional ex- pense be more than repaid.
In every large city (and I speak from experience) there are so-called detectives who are jealous of their comrades, and make it a practice to retain and hoard up information that they may get, and who, because of better facilities or because of being stationed at head- quarters, have an opportunity of coming in contact with officers from other places, seeing photographs from other localities, circulars and reward cards, letters, telegrams, etc. , thus being placed in a position to get the latest and best information. These men sneeringly call the honest, hard-working officer less fortunately situated, a "flatty" or "dub." This man so designated probably has more ability and is better qualified for the work, but is placed at a disadvantage. Place your information and rogues' gallery where any and every industrious, intelligent officer can have access to it, and put in his leisure time looking them over, and you will be more than gratified with the results. Your officers will become more active, more arrests and convictions will follow, and crime will decrease ; and these are the principal aims and objects of all well-governed police departments.
Criminal Characteristics.
BY SUPERINTENDENT JOHN KIFFMEYER, OF THE CINCINNATI BERTILLON BUREAU OF IDENTIFICATION.
HEN a great crime has been committed society is agitated and disturbed with ideas and feelings which it can not explain, and to which it can not give expression. At first it is appalled at the atrocity, daring, or ingenuity of the crime or criminal. Then it asks the cause, and at last it wants to know a remedy and how it can protect itself.
Society considers : 1. The crime. 2. The cause. 3. The remedy.
The causes of crime are undoubtedly the one great question. This is not easily answered, as man is the most criminally inclined in the whole brute creation. He robs, dishonors, and degrades his fellowman -not only that, but he kills his own species, and this can not be said of any animal.
And where is the man who does not now and then feel a desire to commit a wrong, a dishonest, or some criminal action? Therefore, it is perhaps safe to say that crime will never be entirely eliminated from the human race. The best remedy - the only prevention and defense against crime-is to elevate the moral, social, and mental condition of the illiterate classes, and to inculcate a high sense of morality and honesty in the youth.
The fundamental causes of crime are hatched and bred in the bosom of families, by improper training and insufficient education. The man who is mentally weak and illiterate can not compete with his better educated and mentally stronger brother, and falls behind in the race for a livelihood, and turns up in the criminal ranks.
134
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
Lincoln J. Hays
Dealer in
- Family Groceries .
Bottled Wines and Liquors
Cherry and Bancroft Streets
Telephone 951
Ernest Blackmore
maker of
- Fine Harness -
Dealer in Saddles, Whips, Robes and Blankets 325 Saint Clair Street
The Simmons Boot and Shoe Company
manufacturers' Agento
.. Boots and Shoes ..
122 and 124 Huron Street
S. Isenberg
Dealer in
. Diamonds, Jewelry . musical Instruments and Sporting Goods
605 Cherry Street
Meilink Manufacturing Co.
machinists Tool Makers Electro Platers High Grade Metal Finishers
Contract Work Solicited - - -
Tenth and Jackson Streets
Phone 1136 -
Goo. Volk
F. Ludeman
Toledo Brass novelty Works
Manufacturers of
Brass and Bronze Castings and Light Iron Work
model and Brass Pattern Work Repairing of Brass Work a Specialty
Brass Railings of all kinds for Offices, Stairways, Etc
321 Perry Street, near Saint Clair
BLADE PRINTING & PAPER CO. TOLEDO-CHIC
LOADING AND UNLOADING IRON ORE BY MACHINERY.
136
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
We Sell Cheaper on TIME Than Others Sell For CASH!
We Will Furnish Your House on The Most Liberal Terms.
GEO J. WALDVOGEL JOHN J. WALDVOGEL
Waldvogel Bros.
... Dealers in ... FURNITURE CARPETS STOVES, Etc.
Cash or Easy Payments Telephone 6104 CORNER MONROE and HURON STREETS
Branch House Pt. Huron Engine & Thresher Co.
John E. T. Nicks
Gas and Gasoline Engines Engines and Threshers Heavy Machinery of all kinds Deering Binders and Mowers
121 NORTH ERIE STREET
Sessions & Martin
EVERYTHING NEW AND UP-TO-DATE IN . . .
CAMERAS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS
DEVELOPING AND PRINTING A SPECIALTY
227 Superior Street
The
Thompson & Chute Co. MANUFACTURERS
BUILD UP TOLEDO AND USE ITS PURE .... SILVER SOAP
Abraham Rowe SAMPLE ROOM
3146 SUMMIT AVENUE
CHOICE WINES
AND LIQUORS
TOLEDO, OHIO
M. Rumely Company · Bell Phone = 1099 Harrison Phone 533
MANUFACTURERS OF
NEW RUMELY THRESHING MACHINES
SAW MILLS, HAY PRESSERS AND CLOVER HULLERS
Factory, Laporte, Ind. Branch Office, 1412 Cherry Street, Toledo, Ohio
E. S. LIEBHARDT, Manager
Residence, 2314 Cherry Street Bell Phone 2455
The W. W. Whitney Co. Music and Book Publishers
TOLEDO, OHIO
137
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
These are the unfortunates and criminals by force of circumstances.
There are four types of criminals that are the most dangerous to society, to life, and to property : 1. The criminal of passion. 2. The instinctive criminal. 3. The occasional criminal. 4. The professional criminal.
The criminal of passion is a man of normal mental make-up, of high uncontrollable sensibilities, who broods over and seeks the life of a man who has done him an injury.
The instinctive criminal is a moral monster when fully developed. His eyes are small, deeply set, snake-like, nervous, at once fascinating and repulsive. He can not look you in the face.
In the occasional criminal the social elements, though weak, are not extinct. He lacks energy, because easily discouraged, and gradually acquires the habit and drifts into the professional class.
The professional criminal is. as a rule, a fairly intelligent person who can easily adapt himself to modern conditions, is guided by rational motives, and who takes the ups and downs of his dangerous and adventurous life in a philosophical manner. Of this class we had, in 1896, 300,000 in the United States.
Moral insensibilities are congenital in nearly all criminals. They have no pity for their victims, no remorse for their crimes.
To this may be added want of foresight. They can see better after than before the crime, and every experienced officer knows and has had the question asked him by the criminal : "How did you get on to it so quick ?" He can plan, devise, and execute, but he can not be circumspect or cautious.
The causes that lead to crimes of every character are principally organic debility and poverty, frequently severe adversity and misery. Violent agitation or excitement of mind, jealousy, vanity, a desire for gambling, public opinion, and drink develop crime in the individual.
Owing to moral insensibilities a criminal frequently displays extraordinary courage, and will strike a fatal blow when surprised at his work, or when his escape is cut off. When he wants to accomplish a purpose or satisfy a passion he is blind and impetuous. He will invent a story to deceive. He lacks coherence and continuity in his work. He is implacable in his enmities toward his associates. They will kill each other over spoils. The petty thief looks up to the great criminals with admiration, and is sorry that he is not one of them. He likes newspaper publicity, and will anxiously scan the paper in a police station to see what it says about him. Crime is rare among men who are constantly engaged in severe mental work.
Statistics show that there are 500,000 paroled convicts, 98,000 in penal institutions, and 46,000 boys and girls in reformatories. Add to this the 300,000 criminals who are hopelessly beyond the possibility of reform, at enmity with our laws, we have the appalling figure of 944,000 people whom it behooves the police to watch.
138
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
Connell Bros. P. H. CONNELL J. F. CONNELL
PLUMBING & GAS FITTING Steam and Hot Water Heating
Bell Phone 1643 Harrison Phone 267 806 Monroe St.
Rob't S. Dawson Bell Phone 5524
SANITARY PLUMBER Gas, Steam, and Hot Water Fitter
Estimates Given
Repair Work a Specialty
1011 Summit St.
Bowers & Bowers
STEAM LAUNDRY WORKS
Harrison Phone 56 Bell Phone 444 519 Jefferson St.
J. H. DILL Bell Phone 748
PRACTICAL PLUMBER Steam, Gas and Hot Water Fitter
1320 Monroe Street 3 doors from 14th Street
L. H. Meinert
WEDDING PARTIES
FURNISHED ON
SHORT NOTICE
Confectionery and Restaurant
·Vienna Bakery
501 and 503 Summit Street
Locke & Schultz
JAMES P. LOCKE
JOHN E. SCHULTZ
" THE HONEST PLUMBERS"
Gas Fixtures and Globes
Sewer Work a Specialty
AGENTS FOR THE Columbia Automatic Filter
Phone 450
331 Huron Street
Robert Raitz & Co.
PHONE
281
Plumbing and Gas Fitting Steam and Hot Water Heating
Porcelain Enameled Baths Fine Plumbing Goods
631-633 N. St. Clair Street NEAR CHERRY
The Wendell Cigar Co.
MANUFACTURERS OF HIGH GRADE CIGARS
DANIEL A. COLLINS, President GEORGE J. WENDELL, Sec'y and Treasurer
Telephone 6333
615 Adams Street
139
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
M. O. BAKER
J. R. HOUGHTON
M. O. BAKER & CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
Fresh Meats, Hides, Poultry, Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Fruits, Country Produce
121 SUPERIOR STREET
Bell Telephone, Long Distance 1870 Harrison 129
Prompt Returns Guaranteed
Reference: First National Bank, Commercial Agencies
R. D. MURRAY
UNDERTAKER and EMBALMER
624 Jefferson Street
Bell Phone 1691
Calls promptly answered Night or Day
ESTABLISHED 1872
M. JACOBSON & CO.
Wholesale dealers in
Scrap Iron, Steel, Metals, Etc.
Packers and graders of
WOOLEN AND COTTON RAGS
Long Distance Phone 692
517 to 533 State Street, corner Union
Scrap-Iron Yard at W. & L. E. R. R.
ESTABLISHED 1891
A. M. DEMUTH & CO.
Wholesale dealers in
Foreign and Domestic Fruits
123 Superior Street
Phone 1204
The Largest and Best Cold Storage in Northwestern Ohio
Terms of Storage will be made on application
Consignments Solicited Prompt Returns
140
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
Street Cars pass Hotel for all Depots Bath Rooms and Closets on Each Floor
Newly Refitted and Refurnished Steam Heat Throughout
hotel Union
H. HOERLEIN, Prop.
65 Rooms on Two Floors Rates, $2.00 per Day
Corner Monroe and St. Clair Streets
Fish, Frog and Game Suppers in Season
Bell Phone 1646
hotel Wasaonquette
CAPT. NULL, Proprietor
Cafe and Sample TRoom
Liquors, no Drugs
OPPOSITE CASINO
STEVE FLYNN, Manager
JAMES H. FLYNN
Sample 1Room Imported and Domestic Wines and Liquors
710 SUMMIT STREET NEAR CHERRY
FRANK REINL
The Wabash Cafe
207 SUMMIT STREET
Toledo, Ohio
141
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
Extradition.
BY COLONEL PHIL. DEITSCH, SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE OF CINCINNATI.
€
XTRADITION is the delivering up by a government of a person who is found within its territorial limits, who is subject to its jurisdiction, to another govern- ment for trial and punishment for an offense against the laws of the latter. Therefore, when an extradition is sought for an offense of which the state courts have jurisdiction, the request must come from the Governor of the State. When sought for for an offense against the United States, the application should be made through the Attorney General, or the proper executive department.
The Constitution of the United States declares that any person charged in one state with treason, felony or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. Whenever, therefore, the executive authority of any state or territory demands any person as a fugitive from justice of the executive authority of another state or territory, to which such person has fled, and shall produce a copy of the indictment found, or affidavit made before a magistrate of any state or territory, charging the person demanded with having committed treason, felony or other crime, certified as authentic by the governor or chief magistrate of the state or territory from whence the person so charged has fled, it shall be the duty of the executive authority of the state or territory to which such person has fled, to cause him to be arrested and se- cured, and cause notice of the arrest to be given to the executive authority making such a demand, or to an agent of such authority appointed to receive the fugitive.
The first step towards obtaining the surrender of a fugitive from a foreign country is to institute a regular prosecution in the home jurisdiction where the crime was committed, and to procure a warrant of arrest. Such a request must be made by the governor where the fugitive is wanted to the President of the United States, to demand from the govern- ment where such fugitive is located, the extradition thereof.
An extradited fugitive may in inter-state extradition, without the consent of the demand- ing governor, be proceeded against for other offenses than those named in the warrant of extradition.
Fugitives may be extradited from one state to another for any crime whatever.
It is not necessary that the act should be a crime at the common law. If it is an offense which is punishable in the demanding state, if only by a fine, extradition may be demanded and should be awarded. The question of whether the act is, or is not a crime, must be de- termined solely by the statutes and decisions of the demanding state.
A crime is an act or omission which is punishable by the state. The recitals in a governor's warrant are not conclusive, either as to matters of fact or law, except as to the authenticity of the affidavit or indictment, a copy of which must accompany the requisition.
142
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
A. L. IRISH
L. N. PILLIOD
A. L. IRISH & CO.
Real Estate, ARents and Loans
307 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE PHONE 1315
W. W. LEWIS, MANAGER BELL PHONE 2010
hyde Park
TOLEDO'S GRAND BOULEVARD ADDITION
THE TOLEDO LAND CO.
SUITE 601 NASBY BUILDING
JACOB FOLGER
Pork Packer and Sausage Manufacturer
CURER OF THE CELEBRATED FOLGER'S EXTRA SELECT HAMS, BACON, SHOULDERS AND DRIED BEEF
91/2 AND 11 ST. CLAIR STREET
ELTON L. ARMSTRONG, BUYER
A. L. IRISH, MANAGER
Jefferson Table Supply Co.
SUCCESSORS TO J. B. CALDWELL AND J. M. PRICE
Meats and Groceries
623 JEFFERSON ST., CORNER ERIE MEAT MARKET, 142 ERIE ST. BELL PHONE 891
I. N. POE
Real Estate and Loans
408-409 THE VALENTINE
BELL, LONG DISTANCE 613 HARRISON 557
EZRA RELYEA
Commission Merchant and Dealer in HIDES, PELTS, TALLOW, ETC.
SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SALE OF CALVES, HOGS AND POULTRY 31 SUPERIOR STREET
1
-
-
C.H.&.D.R.R.E.Co.
BLADE PRINTING & PAPER CO. TOLEDO ,OHIO
ONE OF TOLEDO'S MAMMOTH ELEVATORS.
144
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
M. CHURCHILL, President J. J. COON, Vice-President A W. BOARDMAN, Sec'y and Mngr.
The East Side Iron Elevator Co.
Room 21 Produce Exchange
BOTH PHONES 788
Buckeye Paint & Varnish Co.
Mnfrs. PAINTS, COLORS, VARNISHES AND JAPANS 715-717-719 South 15th Street, Corner Lucas
E. M. FALLER,
Corner Adams and Erie Streets
GEO. E. LORENZ
JOHN S. HALLARAN
THE GEORGE LORENZ CO.
PERFUME and EXTRACT MANUFACTURERS
919 MADISON
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
144a
WHEN you go West or South WHY not try the
CLOVER LEAF
ROUTE
TOLEDO ST LOUIS & WESTERN R.R.
Pullman Palace Sleepers
Reclining Chair Cars (Seats Free) Modern Coaches, Equipped with Scarritt High Back Seats Buffet Service Unexcelled Meals Served at any time
During Day or Night on
the A=la-Carte or Individual Club Plan
TOLEDO OFFICES: City Ticket Office, 309 Madison Street Gates' Ticket Office, Boody House Union Station Ticket Office
144b
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
Chas. Hanner
CAFE
Phone 1455
235 SUMMIT STREET
Hanner's Farm
OPEN ALL THE YEAR
Something Good to Eat
Dinner Parties and Suppers a Specialty
Phone 1609
The Royal Blue Co.
BLUING TABLETS
Phone 2245
2055 Canton Avenue
Buckwell & Co.
C RITERION IGAR STORE
311 Madison Street
Frank Rudzinskie
SAMPLE ROOM
CHOICE LIQUORS and CIGARS
901 Monroe Street
Walhalla
317 Monroe Street
REINHOLD RIETZKE, Proprietor Hauptquartier der deutschen Vereine Dealer in Choicest Wines, Liquors and Cigars
The Windsor
BEN HAZELHURST
Proprietor
720 Jackson Avenue
Chas. Marks
~ TAILOR ~~
Chas. Marks will make your Clothes cheaper and better than any other Tailor in the City . .
POLICE AND FIREMEN'S UNIFORMS A SPECIALTY .
Under Boody House
145
Police Department, City of Toledo, Ohio
YACHT SAILING ON THE MAUMEE.
The statutes do not point out what evidence shall be required that an act charged is a crime in the demanding state, and this question can be inquired into by the courts or habe- as-corpus. The fact that an indictment has been found is regarded as affording at least prima-facie evidence that the act charged is a crime.
Those who are brought into a state under warrant of extradition from a foreign coun- try, cannot be extradited to another state. Those who are brought into a state under domestic warrant of extradition, can be re-extradited to another state.
Before any proceedings can be taken to obtain the extradition of a fugitive, a prosecu- tion must be begun in the home jurisdiction, either by an indictment or affidavit made before a magistrate of any state or territory.
It is believed that a fugitive may be lawfully arrested without a warrant upon reason- able grounds for believing that he has committed a felony. In such cases, however, it is well to observe that either a dispatch or a letter must be received, signed by officers who have jurisdiction in such proceedings, stating, first the name ; secondly, whether there is a warrant or indictment ; thirdly, what he is charged with ; fourthly, if murder, whom he has murdered ; fifthly, if larceny, whom he has robbed, and how much he has taken. In fact, a detailed statement must be made, either in writing a letter or sending a telegraphic dis- patch, because the arrest of the fugitive so mentioned must be made in accordance with the statutes.
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