USA > Ohio > History of the Upper Ohio Valley, with family history and biographical sketches, a statement of its resources, industrial growth and commercial advantages, Vol. I > Part 70
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The German Bank of Wheeling was founded in 1870, with a capi- tal stock of $50,000, the first president being Augustus Pollack, and Oscar Gemmer was the first cashier. At the present time the capi- tal of the organization is $80,000 and there is also a surplus fund of $30,000. The executive officers are Hon. C. D. Hubbard, president, having filled that position since 1879, and L. J. Bayha, cashier, since 1875. The principal correspondents of the bank are the Ninth National bank of New York and the German National bank of Pittsburgh. No financial institution in the city stands higher in the estimation of our citizens.
The bank of which we now speak was established the 11th day of April, 1887, by men whose standing and successful business career leaves no doubt that its affairs will be ably and honorably conducted. The capital stock of the institution is $50,000. Its board of officers and directors includes the names of N. B. Scott, president; George Hook, vice president; P. B. Dobbins, cashier; S. I. Singleton, assistant cashier; C. P. Brown, E. Buckman, Bernard Klieves, J. B. Taney, Peter Cassell, John S. Welty and W. J. W. Cowden. This bank par- takes both of the character of a commercial and savings bank. Be- sides granting loans and discounts, making collections and receiving commercial deposits, it is also a sound and secure institution where the savings of mechanic, clerk and private individual may be invested and interest obtained for the same.
The Mutual Savings bank, which on March 4, 1887, was chartered under a new state law especially enacted for the purpose of the organ- ization of this bank. The object of its foundation was to obtain for persons of moderate circumstances, mechanics and others who wish to lay a portion of their earnings aside, a place where it may accumulate and increase, providing a fund for old age, sick- ness, eventualities and other contingencies. The law of the state exercises the utmost safeguard over the funds, and the trus- tees, all of whom are men of standing, character and stability chosen from the people, who combine to make the interests of the bank paramount with their own. It pays its depositors at the rate of four per cent. dividend per annum, payable in semi-annual dividends and any amount from a dime upward is received as a deposit. Deposits can be made or withdrawn at any time and in any amount, and the bank is open at convenient hours to transact business. The manage- ment of the affairs of the bank is in the hands of the following gentle- men: Howard Hazlett, president; W. B. Simpson and Edward Robertson, vice presidents, W. G. Wilkinson, secretary, and Alex. 36-A.
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Mitchell, treasurer. Board of investment: Howard Hazlett, wholesale notions; Alex. Updegraff, Belmont Nail Co .; George G. Mckown, Redman & Co., machinists; Charles H. Watkins, book-keeper, L. S. Delaplain, Son & Co .; D. L. Ratcliff, groceries, 3543 Jacob street; Henry Serig, superintendent city crematory.
The National Bank of West Virginia was established in 1865, and owns a fine building on corner of Main and Twelfth streets. James Maxwell was president for many years. Earl W. Oglebay is now the chief officer, and John Wagner is cashier. The eastern correspondent is Third National bank of New York. The capital stock is $200,000. This is the only National bank in the city.
The first banking house in Wellsburg was known as the Charlestown Manufacturing and Exporting company, which commenced opera- tions in or about 1813, and went out of existence about the year 1815. The house immediately north of the Hudson House, lately remodeled, was built especially for this company. The branch of the Northwest- ern Bank of Virginia came next in 1832-the building, located on the east side of Water street, in the northeast corner of Water and Urana streets, was built about 1835. Dr. John C. Campbell was president, and Samuel Jacob, cashier. It was merged into the First National bank, of Wellsburg, which closed May 19, 1871, and what is now known as the Wellsburg National bank, began September 25, 1872. W. K. Pendle- ton, ex-president of Bethany college, is president of this bank; Wilson Beall is cashier.
The present officers are: J. C. Palmer, president, and E. W. Paxton, cashier. Capital stock, $100,000; surplus, $21,000.
The bank of Wellsburg is a private banking house owned by Sam- uel George. It was established in 1871 and does a general banking business.
The Commercial bank of Wellsburg is in the first year of its exist- ence, having been opened in January, 1890. It is owned exclusively by J. S. Beall, one of the old and substantial business men of Brooke county.
The only bank in Hancock county is the Citizens' bank of New Cum- berland, which was established in 1884. The proprietors are Hon. B. J. Smith and Judge John A. Campbell. The original capital stock was $25,000, which has been materially increased by the accumulating sur- plus. It is a safe and substantial institution, never having lost a dol- lar in loans. It has prospered under the management of John H. Camp- bell, who organized it into a national or state bank with enlarged facili ties for banking. Its correspondents are Third National bank of New York, Second National of Pittsburgh and Bank of the Ohio valley, Wheeling.
The Marshall County bank, of Moundsville, is one of the safe finan- cial institutions of the upper Ohio valley, but is not one of the oldest. Its capital stock is $35,000 and surplus $13,000. It does a general banking business such as receiving deposits, deals in exchange, make loans, etc. C. A. Weaver is the president and H. W. Hunter, cashier, and the care with which these men guard the interests of their pa- trons is a sufficient guarantee of the substantial character.
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CHAPTER XVIII.
By S. L. JEPSON, M. D.
THE HEALING ART IN THE PAN-HANDLE - EARLY METHODS OF PRACTICE - EARLY PHYSICIANS-SKETCHES OF MEDICAL MEN-EPIDEMICS-MED- ICAL AND CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS -MEDICAL JOURNAL.
ARLY PHYSICIANS of this region practiced under dif- ficulties common to medical pioneers in every new country. We who now enjoy the luxuries of steam and electric cars, mac- adamized roads, finely paved streets, gas and electric lights, tel- ephones, fine pharmaceutical preparations and the many other aids to easy practice, might well pause to reflect on our im- proved estate, and give due honor to our predecessors, who, under many adverse circumstances, fought a good fight and did honor to a noble calling. It is worthy of note that many physi- cians, though engaged in a busy practice, have manifested much interest in public affairs, and been called to public positions of useful- ness. Drs. McLane and Beaumont, of Hancock county, Doddridge and Drummond, of Brooke county, and Dorsey and McGinnis, of Ohio county, were preachers of theology as well as practitioners of med- icine. Drs. Smith and Campbell, of Brooke; Logan and Hullihen, Jr., of Ohio, and Stidger, of Marshall, served their people in the legisla- ture of Virginia and West Virginia. Dr. Hildreth, of Ohio, was a director of the insane asylum, and also of the penitentiary; Dr. D. G. Baird, of the asylum for the deaf, dumb and blind; and Drs. Logan and Stifel, of the state university. Drs. Tanner and G. Baird, each served as mayor of Wheeling. Drs. Bates and Hildreth were two of the first three school commissioners Wheeling ever had under the free school system; and the following have since served in the city board of education, viz .: Drs. Todd, Logan, George Baird, Hupp, Pipes, Jepson, J. B. Reed, McCoy and Dickey. The present board at its organization contained five physicians, the last named. It is in- teresting to note, by way of contrast, that not a single attorney is now, or has been for years, a member of the board. These physicians have been members of the city council: Drs. Todd, George, Baird, Logan, Hazlett, Reeves, Jepson, McCoy, Ulrich and Campbell.
In every sanitary movement, physicians are in the lead, unselfishly laboring for the prevention of disease. So has it ever been, and un- der their direction great progress has been made in sanitary science, no less than in methods of practice.
Of the latter, as carried on in the Pan-handle fifty or more years ago, Dr. Hall, of Moundsville, thus writes: " If a person was severely injured he was bled at once by opening a vein in the arm; and if
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much bruised he was capped. The latter was the usual remedy for neuralgia or rheumatic pain. Calomel was the sheet anchor. In the way of medicine, all other remedies were considered subordinate to this, and its use was usually pushed to salivation. It was almost the general rule to bleed all multiparæ three months prior to the end of gestation. In pneumonia, as soon as the diagnosis was made, the pa- tient was bled to the point of syncope, and if the malady was still un- subdued he was put upon tartar emetic in as large doses as he could possibly bear, and excellent results were claimed for this method of treatment."
All the practice was done on horseback and on foot. No vehicles for doctors were in use in those days. Bridle paths were the roads. The practice of medicine was fraught with great danger to the life of the doctor, to say nothing of the risks to health from hardships and exposures.
It is pleasant to note the wonderful progress that fifty years have brought, not only in improved modes of travel for the doctor, but in improved methods of practice. The lancet is now practically an un- known instrument. Venesection is a lost art. Calomel and tartar emetic play but a minor part in the medical drama of 1890. The crude drug has given way to the active principle; and finely coated pills, cap- sules and elixirs have driven the nauseous powders and potions, the barks, roots and herbs of the fathers out of the market.
And what instrumental aids we have to-day for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes! What physician could afford to practice without a stethoscope, speculum, clinical thermometer, hypodermic syringe, laryngoscope? And many find use also for the microscope, ophthal- moscope, sphygneograph and other instruments of modern invention. All honor to those who have made their impress upon the genera- tion preceding us, and proved themselves benefactors, without such aids in practice! We shall here briefly sketch the lives of some of these men and their successors.
(We are indebted, for much that follows, to letters kindly written by Drs. P. C. McLane, B. F. Harden and R. W. Hall, and to papers and necrological reports in the State Medical Society's Transactions, written by Drs. Hildreth (deceased), Frissell, Hazlett, Cooper, Dickey and Brock.)
Physicians of Hancock County .- S. F. Marquis .- So far as we are able to learn, Dr. Marquis was the first physician who located in the town of New Cumberland. He studied medicine in Cross Creek village, Penn. The exact date of his coming to Hancock county, we have not succeeded in ascertaining. He was quite successful as a practitioner. Notwithstanding this, he abandoned the field in 1852, joining the great exodus to California, where he died a few years later. He was succeeded in practice in this county by Dr. David Baguley. William Beaumont studied medicine with Dr. George McCook, at New Lisbon, Ohio, and settled in New Cumberland shortly after the town was laid out. He practiced eclecticism and hydropathy, and opened a water-cure establishment, which is said to have been
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for a time quite successful. He also preached in the Disciples church. Samuel Grafton, a native of the county, practiced medicine here for several years, about the year 1830 and later. He subsequently re- moved to Wellsburg, and afterward practiced in Ohio and Kentucky.
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William Shanley, a native of Ireland, was born in Dublin in the year 1809. He commenced reading medicine at the early age of six- teen, studying two years in " Erin's Isle." Being full of Irish patriot- ism, he was disgusted with his people doing homage to a foreign king. In that city on one occasion, when the whole metropolis was illumin- ated in honor of King William the Fourth, he could no longer re- strain expressing his sentiments. While looking on at the perform- ance, he said to some one near him: "How foolish the Irish people are to lavish their money on a foreign king." The soldiers overheard his remark, and by them it was considered treason. One started after him with sword drawn. Recognizing the dangerous situation he was in, he ran with full speed to the Castle, closely pursued by the dragoon. As he reached the spot, he turned suddenly in an entry just as the fellow struck for his head, the sword barely missing him, and was broken by striking the corner of one of the massive stone walls, and thus our subject escaped unhurt. He kept concealed for several days and then started for America, landing in New York har- bor on the 28th day of May, 1828. He engaged in paper making in Springfield, N. J., where he remained four or five years. On the 28th of January, 1834, he was married to Miss Phoebe H. Clark. In the fall of 1835 he migrated west, where he devoted the most of his spare moments to the reading of medicine. Moving to Steubenville, he worked a short time in the paper mill of Oldship & Hanna, and then resumed the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Mayers. Afterward removing to Wellsburg, he went in as a silent partner and rented a paper mill, and carried on the manufacture of paper for about three years, still devoting some attention to medicine. In 1839 he attended a term at a medical college. He then re- moved to Fairview to practice medicine in 1840, remaining there about seven years. Along in 1844 he engaged in the fire brick busi- ness in connection with his profession. In 1847 he settled in New Cumberland, where he continued to practice medicine until failing health, from a fall received while on duty, compelled him to retire. He died in 1889.
John McLane's parents were Scotch-Irish seceders. They came to America about the beginning of the Revolutionary war. After resid- ing in the east for some time, they came to western Pennsylvania. Dr. McLane was born in Allegheny in 1773. He attended Jefferson academy at Canonsburg, Penn., graduating from that institution in 1796. He studied theology with Rev. Dr. McMillen, at the same time giving some attention to medical study. He became pastor of the Montour Presbyterian church, in 1809. He continued the study of medicine under Dr. Warner, of Canonsburg, and in the war of 1812, entered the service as surgeon, and during the war had charge of a hospital at Plattsburg, N. Y. After his return from the army, he
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practiced medicine in Hickory, Penn., as a partner of Dr. Lisle, and afterward at Florence, Penn. In 1818 he removed to a farm near Pughtown, afterward called New Manchester, now Fairview, W. Va. He later resided in the village. Here his first wife died in 1819. Three years after, he married Miss Celia Cullen, and in 1825 removed to Wellsville, Ohio, where he resided until his death in 1827. Dr. McLane was a man of more than ordinary ability in the pulpit, and as a surgeon he enjoyed more than a local reputation. His practice extended to the adjoining counties of Pennsylvania and Ohio.
John Campbell was for a few years a contemporary of Dr. McLane in Fairview. He subsequently died in Pennsylvania. Dr. Sims suc- ceeded the above-named practitioner, but concerning him we can gather no facts of importance. J. M. Dawson is said to have had an extensive practice about Fairview for twenty years. Giles Thompson also practiced there. The exact date cannot be ascertained.
J. M. Todd practiced at Holliday's Cove, from 1850 until 1856, when he removed to Fairview, and did a large practice there. He after- ward went to New Lisbon, Ohio, thence into the army, and after the war located in Bridgeport, Ohio. See biography in another place. N. K. McKensie, a graduate of the Medical College of Ohio, after procticing at Fairview for a number of years, removed to Ohio. Dr. Andrews began practice in Fairview about 1855, and continued in practice there until he died, date unknown. Robert Andrews gradu- ated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1881, prac- ticed at Fairview for some years and then went to East Liverpool, Ohio, where he now resides. W. E. Allison studied medicine with Dr. Todd, at Fairview, and graduated at the Medical College of Ohio, about 1857. He became a member of the State Medical society, in 1867, and was then located in New Cumberland. He was an excel- lent student and physician, and a quiet modest, Christian man. The date of his death was not ascertained. A. McBeth practiced medi- cine in Fairview, from about 1850 to 1862. He was a man of limited education and unsteady habits, but is said to have done very consid- erable practice.
Brooke County .- Joseph Doddridge, whose book, "Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of Virginia and Pennsylvania," per- petuates his memory, was a member of both the clerical and medical professions. He was the eldest son of John D., of Maryland, and was born October 14, 1769, in Bedford county, Penn. His father in 1773 moved to Washington county, near the Virginia line. His fa- cilities for obtaining an education were very limited, and to his own energy and perseverance he was mainly indebted for his intellec- tual culture. After several years at school in Maryland he worked on a farm until eighteen years of age, soon after which, being a mem- ber of the Wesleyan Methodist church, and engaged in itinerent work. In 1778 he was received at a conference in Uniontown, as a traveling preacher. After his father's death in 1791, he ceased this work, began to study, and soon entered Jefferson academy, Canonsburg, Penn. After completing his studies, he became a minister in the P. E.
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church, and did eminent services in establishing new churches through- out western Virginia and eastern Ohio. A few years after his en- trance into the ministry he was under the necessity of combining with his clerical profession that of medicine, in order to obtain a sup- port. His own wife said that before her husband began the prac- tice of medicine he was too poor to buy himself a second suit of clothes, and often hid himself while she mended his clothes for the Sabbath. He completed his medical. studies in Philadelphia under Dr. Rush, about the year 1800, and located in Wellsburg. Here, and in the surrounding territory, he practiced medicine for a number of years, in connection with the ministry. In 1812 he was made a mem- ber of the academy of natural science of Philadelphia. He was also elected an honorary member of the medico-surgical society of east Ohio instituted in 1821. In the practice of medicine Dr. Doddridge was eminently successful and deservedly popular. The fatigue and ex- posure to which he was subjected in his large and laborious practice in the lapse of years undermined his constitution, and engendered a disease which terminated fatally in November, 1826. In addition to his "Notes," already referred to, Dr. Doddridge published "Logan," a dramatic piece; " A Treatise on the Culture of Bees," " The Russian Spy," a series of letters containing " Strictures on America," and some sermons and orations.
J. C. Campbell was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, October II, 1797. He attended medical lectures at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1813-14, and at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, in 1814-15. He soon after emigrated to America, and in 1818 he graduated in medicine at Dartmouth college. In the fall of that year he located in Wellsburg and began the practice of medicine. He afterward studied law under the distinguished Philip Doddridge, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1821. Although he did not pur- sue the practice of medicine for many years, he gave evidence of un- usual skill as a surgeon. It is related that he cured a case of fecal fistula, the result of strangulated hernia, by detaching the adherent in- testine from the abdominal wall, and either removing a section of in- testine, or uniting the pared edges of the fistulous opening. Dr. Campbell represented Brooke county in the legislature of Virginia. He afterward removed to Ohio county, living on a farm four miles northeast of Wheeling. He was for years president of the old North- western bank, and in many ways a valuable citizen of the county. Early in the war, having been for years an intimate friend of Secre- tary of War Stanton, he was tendered and accepted a commission as surgeon, although for many years out of medical practice. Secretary Stanton wished his influence to be on the side of the Union. After serving as surgeon of the Twelfth West Virginia infantry for some time, in 1862, his health failed from exposure, and he resigned; but was soon after commissioned as assistant judge advocate, which posi- tion he held until the close of the war. Dr. Campbell was first mar- ried to a daughter of Bishop Campbell, who dying, he some years later married a daughter of the late Samuel Sprigg. He died
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several years ago, leaving a widow and several children to mourn his loss.
Edward Smith was born January 17, 1796, on the Smith farm about four miles from Wellsburg, W. Va. His early life was spent on the farm. He commenced attending the academy in Wellsburg when sixteen years of age. He afterward studied medicine under Dr. Joseph Doddridge, of Wellsburg, and graduated at a medical college in Bal- timore in 1819. He married Catherine James in December, 1820. He commenced the practice of medicine in 1819, and continued in active practice until his death, which occurred in March, 1874. Part of his life he was located in Wellsburg, and later in West Liberty. His field of practice embraced Brooke, Hancock and Ohio counties, in West Virginia, parts of Washington county, Penn., and Jefferson county, Ohio. He represented Brooke county in the Virginia legisla- ture as member of the house of delegates, and also served in the same capacity in the legislature of West Virginia in 1867. He died at West Liberty.
Robert Richardson was born at Pittsburgh, Penn., September 27, 1806. His education was carried on principally at his father's house under tutors, but he also attended the schools of the city. When about eighteen years of age he began the study of medicine under Dr. Plummer, finishing his course in Philadelphia. He began a country practice about thirteen miles from Pittsburgh about the year 1828. He was married at the age of twenty-five to Rebecca Encell, of Wheeling, and subsequently lived and practiced medicine in Carthage, Ohio, and in Wellsburg, Va. When in 1841, Bethany col- lege was founded by Alexander Campbell, Dr. Richardson was elected as one of the professors. He filled this position for over twenty years, teaching the various branches of natural science. He also filled the position of vice president and professor of natural science in Ken- tucky university for four years, being called to that institution in 1858. At the breaking out of the war he removed his family back to " Bethphage," his country home, near Bethany, but continued for one year longer to teach in the Kentucky university, near Bethany; he spent the remainder of his life in writing and in agricultural pursuits. He was a pioneer in scientific farming in this part of the country, and taught his neighbors the value of a small farm well tilled, as compared with larger ones cultivated by old and unscientific methods. He was also an author of note in the Disciples church. He published " Memoirs of Alexander Campbell," in two volumes; " Principles of the Reformation Urged by A. Campbell and Others," in 1853; " Communings in the Sanctuary," in 1872; " The Office of the Holy Spirit," in 1873. He also contributed numerous articles to different religious journals. For many years he suffered with his eyes, and was compelled to call upon one of his daughters to act as his amanuensis. Dr. Richardson was a most accomplished and scholarly man, and in all respects a model Christian gentleman. No citizen of Brooke county was more sincerely mourned in his death than was this wise and good physician.
A. W. Campbell was born in Ireland, April 4, 1804. He was the
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son of Rev. Thomas C., and brother of the late Alexander Campbell, founder of the Disciples church. Dr. Campbell came to this country in childhood. He began the practice of medicine at Steubenville, O., and removed early in his professional life to West Middletown, Washington Co., Penn., and in 1849 came to Bethany. Here he prac- ticed his profession until a short time before his death. He was also associated with his brother in the editorial work of the Millennial Harbinger, in its days a leading journal of the Disciples denomination. He was a man universally esteemed for the excellencies of his life and character. He discharged all his duties, professional and per- sonal, with scrupulous fidelity and departing this life left behind him the heritage of a spotless name and reputation to his children. He died in Wheeling, April 2, 1879, at the residence of his son, Hon. A. W. Campbell, of the Intelligencer.
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