USA > Ohio > History of the Upper Ohio Valley, with family history and biographical sketches, a statement of its resources, industrial growth and commercial advantages, Vol. II pt 2 > Part 52
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About the same time a road was built from what is now the city of Bellaire to St. Clairsville, and also one from Martin's Ferry to what is now known as ' Tiltonsville, at the mouth of Short creek. These probably comprised the roads of the upper Ohio valley at the open- ing of the nineteenth century. To-day there upward of 200 miles of macadamized roads traversing the length and breadth of this great valley, over which the farmers at all seasons transport their products with comfort and case.
Subduing the Forests .- The work of subduing our primeval forests was marked by the most reckless waste of valuable timber, thousands of acres covered by forests of oak, walnut. poplar, beech, sugar, and chestnut, were utterly destroyed. Of the Soo,ooo acres of land in the upper Ohio valley, less than 200,000 acres yet remain in timber, and to-day with many of our hills entirely denuded, and their steep declivities washed into deep seams, the work of destruction goes on.
The surface configuration of the upper Ohio valley is greatly diver- sified. The land for the most part is high and rolling, with abrupt bluffs rising to great altitudes along the shores of the Ohio. The rugged hillsides are rich in mineral wealth and enclose beautiful and fertile valleys that are swept by the waters of the Captina and McMechan's creek. Short creek, Wheeling creek and Yellow creek. The beautiful undulating uplands are watered by innumerable springs that afford the countless flocks and herds an abundance of pure water through the most prolonged drouth. A rich vein of bituminous coal underlies the entire surface which furnishes the farmers a cheap and abundant fuel.
The Soil and Crops. - The streams abound in fish in great variety, and their waters are clear and limpid. The soil along the water courses is very rich and fertile, upon the uplands it is mainly a strong limestone or clay loam, very productive and capable of great endur- ance. The staple crops grown by the early settlers were wheat and corn, and until the overtaxed soil began to rebel against the unceasing
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BELMONT COUNTY, OHIO.
demands made upon it, the upper Ohio valley was recognized as the great grainery for the south and southwest. From 1820 to 1845, the incomparable Wheeling creek valley in Belmont county, was without a rival in wheat growing; at harvest time it presented the appearance of a great golden sea, waving in its wealth of ripening grain. Indi- vidual farmers raised from 100 to 500 bushels of wheat annually, and the ten grist-mills that were built in Wheeling township, were kept running night and day to satisfy the demands made upon then.
Leading Industries. - The rapid descent of Wheeling creek and the excellence of its water power, early invited the construction of grist- mills along its shores, and we learn that the first mill operated by water power in the valley, was built at the forks of Crab Apple creek in 1800; four years later a second mill was built on the waters of Cap- tina, near what was known as Cat's run. The leading industry in the territory watered by Short creek, as in the Wheeling creek valley, was wheat growing. No less than twenty-three mills were constructed and in operation along this stream, grinding the enormous crops of grain, and thousands of barrels of flour were annually transported by wagons to the river, and from thence shipped by flat-boats to New Orleans and intermediate points.
Another staple source of revenue to the pioneer farmer was hog raising. The immense crops of corn grown upon the virgin soil was mainly fed to hogs, and pork packing became a leading industry as early as 1820. Large slaughter pens were established in and near Smithfield and Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson county, and Uniontown and other points in Belmont county, and the bacon thus manufactured was transported in wagons across the mountains to Baltimore, from whence it was distributed all over the south. The cultivation of tobacco in the upper Ohio valley began in 1819, near Barnesville, in Belmont county. An itinerant Methodist preacher named Price, from Mary- land, who had brought some seed from his native state, tried the ex- periment of growing it in the soil of his new home. The result was so gratifying that a large acreage was grown thereafter. Up to the year 1825, corn, wheat and flax had been the staple crops in the south- ern part of Belmont county, but when it was discovered that the rich hillsides of the border tier of townships was adapted to tobacco cul- ture, and that the crop was far more remunerative than grasses or grain, it thereafter became the staple industry, and soon the tall log dry-houses became a marked feature of the tobacco farmer's home.
The continued cultivation of this exhausting crop, however, has greatly impoverished much of the land in that section, and the farm- ers are turning their attention to sheep husbandry as a means of re- storing the loss of fertility, thus the acreage in tobacco has been greatly reduced. In ISto the yield in the upper Ohio valley was 996,119 pounds; in ISSo Harrison and Jefferson counties had practic- ally abandoned tobacco-growing, while Belmont had increased her crop to 1,679,158 pounds; in iSSS the entire yield in the counties named had been reduced to 938,455 pounds.
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HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY.
Comparative Table of Yields .- The cultivation of wheat and corn as a staple crop in the upper Ohio valley continued until 1844-5, when the gradually decreasing yield as well as the radical changes in methods of transportation, led the farmers to seek for more diversi- cation in agriculture, and a marked change took place as the follow- ing figures will show: In 1850 there were 105,666 acres of wheat grown in the counties of Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson, which yielded an aggregate of 1,816,269 bushels, or an average of about six- teen and one-fourth bushels per acre. In the same year the acreage in corn was 57,758, and the yield, 2, 169,000 bushels, or an average of about thirty-eight bushels per acre. In a single decade the acreage of wheat had been reduced to 49,906 acres, a decrease of nearly 60,000 acres, and the aggregate yield was but 502,594 bushels, or an average of but a fraction over ten bushels per acre. The same year the area planted in corn had been slightly increased, but the average yield had been reduced to but thirty-seven bushels per acre. In 18to the acreage of wheat was reported as 52,625, but the average yield was about the same, viz .: ten bushels per acre; the acreage of corn was reduced to 54,795, producing an aggregate yield of 2, 184,522 bushels thus advanc- ing the average yield per acre to thirty-nine bushels. The acreage of wheat continued to advance until (SSo, when 69,958 acres were re- ported, with an aggregate yield of 1.203,864 bushels, or an average of about seventeen bushels per acre. This large increase is due in part to commercial fertilizers which came into general use about this time, but mainly because of the adoption of better methods of culture and the introduction of new and improved varieties. The same year the acreage in corn advanced to 56,969, yielding an aggregate of 2,427,932 bushels, or an average of forty-two bushels per acre, the highest aver- age reported in thirty years.
The reports for 1888 show a falling off in both acreage and yield; the total acreage of wheat was but 46,281; the aggregate yield 555,629 bushels, or an average of about twelve bushels per acre; the open winter of 1887, following the protracted drouth, was probably the cause of this marked reduction. The wheat fields were bare nearly the entire winter, exposed to alternate thawing and freezing. The acreage of corn for the same year was 52,672, and the aggregate yield 2,216,976, or an average of forty-two bushels and a fraction per acre.
Sheep Husbandry .- The introduction of the merino sheep, with im- proved breeds of cattle and horses which occurred about 1816-20, seemed to afford the farmers that had hitherto cultivated but wheat and corn the diversification so much needed; as the area devoted to the cultivation of these cereals lessened, the flocks and herds increased. In the brief period of twenty years the hill-tops and val- leys were swarming with valuable flocks and herds, and so rapid was the growth of sheep husbandry that as early as 1860 and 1865, it became in many sections of the upper Ohio valley a leading industry. In 18to the clip of wool in the counties of Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson amounted to 1,871,017 pounds, and ten years later, in 18So,
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BELMONT COUNTY, OHIO.
it had increased to 2,308,392 pounds. These industries have proved so well adapted to the uplands of castern Ohio, and the business, with occasional fluctuations, so profitable, that it has continued ever since. The number of sheep of all kinds reported in 1888 was 388,528, and the wool clip 2,097,552 pounds.
While sheep husbandry in certain sections of the upper Ohio valley has been made a specialty, and the wool growers of these sections have acquired a well deserved reputation for the high grade of wool produced, it cannot be said to be the staple industry, for while the value of the shoop in the three countics of Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson in 1888, is given at $874.005, the value of the cattle is reported at $955,981, and of horses at S1,689.421; and while the value of the wool clip in the same counties is $639,541, the value of the hay crop is placed at $1, 175,984, and the wheat crop at $587,317.
Fruit Culture .- Perhaps no section of the country has acquired a higher reputation for fruit culture than the upper Ohio valley. As early as 1801, the eccentric Johnny Appleseed established his first nursery on the headwaters of Big Stillwater, from thence he traversed the entire valley, planting seeds wherever there was a settlement and furnishing stock to the poor and needy without moncy and without price.
A Unique Character .* - Many of the choicest apples in existence to- day, originated in the nurseries of Johnny Appleseed, and the fruit growers of Ohio owe a debt of gratitude to this unique character for his untiring efforts and unflagging zeal in the cause of pomology. John Chapman, better known as "Johnny Appleseed," was born in the vicinity of Boston, Mass., in 1773, and early became widely known throughout the counties of western Pennsylvania, Virginia and east- ern Ohio, on account of his passion for producing apples from seed. How he obtained the idea of growing choice apples from seed, and opportunities for the sale of his trees is not known, but it is enough to know that, before the close of the eighteenth century, he was fre- quently seen, with ax in hand and a bag of apple seeds on his back, wending his way through the settlements to the wilderness, there to practice his cherished theory. His method of operation, after secur- ing a suitable situation, was to clear away the underbrush, deaden the trees, and then sow his apple seed. This done, he enclosed it with a brush fence, and during the summer cultivated the young trees and looked up suitable places for other nurseries. In the fall he returned to the settlements, procured another stock of seed and, at the proper season, again wended his way to the wilderness and repeated the previous year's operations.
The western country was rapidly settled, and as soon as the pio- neers made their clearings, Johnny was ready with his apple trees. The price of the trees was of little consequence, and he seemed to derive intense satisfaction in seeing them transplanted in orchards. The benevolence of this eccentric man was unbounded. lle gener-
* From Atlas of Belmont and Jefferson counties.
52-B.
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HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY.
ally went barefooted, but if he had a pair of shoes, and saw any one whom he thought needed them, he would take them off and give them to the person. Among his many eccentricities was one of bearing pain with the fortitude of an Indian warrior. He gloried in suffering, and would very often thrust needles and pins into his flesh without a tremor or quiver. He hardly ever wore shoes, except in winter, but if traveling in summer time, and the roads hurt his feet, he would wear sandals, and a big hat, with one side very large and wide and bent down to keep the heat from his face. He was religiously in- clined, and at an early day embraced the doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg. Almost the first thing he would do when he entered a house, and was weary, was to lie down on the floor, with his knap- sack for a pillow, and his head toward the light of the door or window when he would say "will you have some fresh news right from Heaven?" and carefully take out his old, worn books, a testament and two or three others, the exponents of the beautiful faith that Johnny so jealously lived out -the Swedenborgian doctrine. A prominent nurseryman and pomologist, of Ohio, in an article pub- lished in 1846, thus speaks of Johnny Appleseed: "Obscure and illiterate though he was, in some respects he was another Dr. Van Mons, and must have been endued with the instinct of his theory. His usual practice was to gather his seeds from seedling trees, and take them from as many different trees as were to be found within the range of his yearly autumnal rambles, and from those particular trees affording the highest evidence in their fruit that the process of amelioration was begun and was going on in them. At first his visits were necessarily extended to the seedling orchards upon the Ohio and Monongahela rivers, but when orchards of his own planting be- gan to bear his wanderings for the purpose of collecting seed, be- came more and more narrrowed in their extent, till the time of his departure farther westward." It is known that he planted a nursery in Belmont county, but what became of it is now a matter of conjec- ture. Ilis greatest nursery was in the valley of the Walhonding, in Coshocton county, but he proceeded on up the Mohican, and at one time had several large nurseries in the counties of Knox, Ashland and Richland. He continued to push his operations farther west to the Maumee valley, and continued to plant apple seeds in different parts of the country until old age. He died near Ft. Wayne, Ind .. in the spring of 1845, aged seventy-two years.
First Nurseries .--- The first seedling nursery established in the upper Ohio valley was that of Ebenezer Zane, on Wheeling Island, in 1790. A year later Jacob Nessley began the propagation of fruit trees, near the mouth of Yellow creek, but the first orchard of grafted fruit trees was planted in iSto, upon the farm of Judge Ruggles, near St. Clairsville. These trees were obtained from the old Putnam nurseries, near Marietta, and were the source from which all grafts were subsequently obtained in the vicinity of St. Clairsville.
A Philanthropist .- Judge Ruggles was a philanthropist deeply in- terested in the cultivation of fruit. Hle furnished seions from his
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BELMONT COUNTY, OHIO.
young orchard freely to all that asked for them. In 1815-20 while serving his state in the senate of the United States he brought scions obtained from the original Seckel pear tree near Philadelphia, and in- troduced the cultivation of that celebrated pear in eastern Ohio. An eccentric lawyer named Thomas H. Genin, residing near St. Clairs- ville, planted largely of this choice variety of pears and the orchard is still living and producing biennial crops of excellent fruit. And thus it was that many of the old orchards of natural fruit were con- verted by means of top-grafting into thrifty trees that annually bore great crops of choice Greenings, Golden Pipins, Gate, Bellflower, Pen- nock, Rambo and other old time varieties of apples, that for beauty, flavor and productiveness, have never been excelled. The city of New Orleans furnished a good market for the apples of the upper Ohio valley, and the demand for them grew so rapidly that many farmers were induced to engage in the business; the same flat-boat that carried the pioneer farmer's surplus flour and bacon, completed their cargo with immense quantities of choice apples. The cultivation of orchards thus begun has steadily increased until the hill-tops of eastern Ohio to-day are crowned with trees that in October are bur- dened with their crop of golden fruit. In 1870 the total number of bushels of apples produced in Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson coun- ties was but 311,274; in 1880 it increased to 1,153,563 bushels, and in 1888 it reached the enormous figure of 1,607,059 bushels, Belmont county alone producing 854,000 bushels, the largest yield, in propor- tion to acreage, produced by any county in the state.
Grape Culture .-- The sunny slopes along the banks of the Ohio seemed so well adapted to the cultivation of grapes, that in 1855-6 large vineyards were planted and the business has been conducted with varying success up to the present time. In 1872 there were 164 acres in Belmont county alone, yielding a total of 200,Soo pounds of grapes; in 1879 there were under cultivation in the same county 361 acres in the single township of Pease. About this time the mildew and rot began its destructive work, and the acreage has steadily de- creased, until, according to the'statistics of ISSS, there were but I11 acres in the counties of Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson, and that mainly upon the river slopes, which yielded a total of 450,000 pounds.
Other Fruits .- Plums, peaches and cherries are cultivated success- fully in every part of the upper Ohio valley, but notably upon the hill-tops, where the fruit is highly colored and comparatively free from blight and mildew; extremely cold weather occasionally kills the germ of tender varieties of peaches and cherries. Pear blight and curculio are the inveterate foes of plums and pears, but modern methods and appliances for killing the one pest and preventing the development of the other, has given the business a fresh impetus. In ISSS there was produced in the counties of Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson, 8,558 bushels of peaches, 3,464 bushels of pears, and 6,292 bushels of pluins.
Strawberry Culture .- Small fruit culture in the upper Ohio valley has become in many sections a leading industry, and hundreds of acres are now devoted to the cultivation of strawberries and raspberries alone.
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HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY.
The fame of Barnesville strawberries is as wide-spread as the na- tion; from a small beginning the business has reached extraordinary dimensions. In 1866, the success that attended the venture of the berry-growers in shipping to foreign markets, induced others to enter the field, and in less than ten years upwards of sixty-nine acres were under cultivation in the vicinity of Barnesville alone. The business has extended to several adjoining townships, but Barnesville is the recognized center of the berry industy of the upper Ohio valley. In 1889 there were 340 acres under cultivation in Warren township, viz .: 140 acres in strawberries and 2co acres in raspberries, and the aggre- gate yield was 30,250 bushels, as follows: 12,250 bushels of strawber- ries and 18,000 bushels of raspberries; 500 acres would not be an ex- aggerated estimate of the land devoted to small fruit culture in the entire valley.
A Review. Thus we have briefly set forth a century's growth of agriculture in the upper Ohio valley, but in order that the reader may have a proper conception of the magnitude of this magical development, and an appreciation of the almost limitless resources of this almost in- comparable valley, we present for their consideration the sum of the products of a single year. Upon the ;co,ooo acres of land embraced in the counties of Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson, devoted to agri- culture, there was produced in 1888, 3,5co,cco bushels of grain, 2,cco,- ooo bushels of fruit, 2,100,000 pounds of wool, 77,000 tons of hay, 938,000 pounds of tobacco, 1, 100,000 pounds of butter, 500,000 bushels of potatoes, 1,300,000 dozen of eggs, 370,000 gallons of milk, 21,000 gallons of mollasses, 30.000 pounds of honey, 470,000 pounds of grapes. It produced and sustained withal an aggregate of 500,000 head of live stock, and millions of fow !.
A Previct. The historian of the twentieth century, looking back- ward over the age of electricity upon which we are entering, will con- template with wonder the achievements accomplished by the farmers of the upper Ohio valley, in this year of grace iSco, with their cumber- some appliances of labor, and their limited facilities of transportation. When the horse has been discharged from service upon the farm, ex- cept to minister to the farmer's pleasure, the husbandman of the future will harness the lightning to plow his fields, to mow his meadows, to reap his wheat, and to thresh his grain. And when steam is almost forgotten as a motive power, electric tramways will have penetrated into the sections of the upper Ohio valley, that are today the most remote from modern civilization. and the swift motor gliding noise- lessly through the valleys and over the hills will bring a market to every farmer's door. When the farms of today have been divided and sub-divided into little tracts, and every rood of land is cultivated to its utmost capacity in order to support the vast population that will a century hence swarm the streets of its great industrial centres, some inventive genius will arise equal to the occasion and success- fully imprison the illimitable free nitrogen that invitingly envelops us today and impress it into service in supplying the over-taxed and hungry soil with a feast of fertility from its inexhaustible store.
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BRANDER BURG DIAD ARE NOW REUNITED AFTER MANY YEARS
16:1:0 7 . O. D. Brandenburg of Madison was in Baraboo Saturday, and had interred here at that time, beside his mother, the remains of his father, Joshuy Turner Brandenburg, who died April :16, 1864, at Flushing, Ohio; also the remains of a ten-year-old sister who 'died May 12, 1864. lIe went to the old Ohio home himself a few days ago to attend the exhumation, and the relics now rest in an enduring, forti- fied concrete receptacle in the family lot at the Baraboo cemetery.
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Mrs. Catherine Dorneck Branden- burg, the widow, who died June 8, 1914, chose to be buried in Baraboo beside a daughter who had died in 1874, and now, after a lapse of more than fifty-two years, the family finally has been reunited here. .... . ) V: 29-16
THE MADISON DEMOCRAT, SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 22, 1920
By O. R. B.
The Great Meteor of 1860
A wonderful meteor passed over a | times the diameter of the ball. portion of southeastern 0,10 ) ist The flame at the base faded into a Sivel blue toward the apex. 1. after irun on May 1, 18Gm, Scien- tists and thit no previous meteor of this hint in this country over was . so interesting. It was ieportel . in somejd cs as an earthquake: elsewh de pe pie thought stearihout hosters bad exploded; and to others Hat seemed like a cannonaling. The doy was c'ereist. and the wonder- ful visiter w esten only as it passed from one ilund to another.
'The meteor nuved northwester-
the horizon It
seemed TAM as large as the san. .. tal at one from was visible for s.x ... onds, ami i d a velocity estimate a: four in ko a second. Scientists ti:cual. t. t it was 41 miles Jaar 'ahore Noll county. It was s'en 'over a Co mnie line from New port ou
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the c'in :: or, in Washington con
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ty. a few pris above oll Mart ti. Evifinde it was not dss pated ! your ative dere, but passed out of 1 jagain Its wever, a shower of stunde. frements f on. it, dessen led n'ai New Concord. : long a pata ton m. t. For THE side. There were pron- ably detached from the pinjet
Twenty-three detonations. cover- 104 . ... for two mimites, were hcand our a tantory (150 miks in - diameter. Some portions full from "a little west of l'ent Platine in Guernsey Comery, Si miles west of Si - 15 to within A anh of New Con Lan Mu-Furgon county hogy however, . WE not Much at all in that reten, oph the frau rupts. Soumis first heard of the senth, and they : 1. ually mi to the somit' .. .. whenes il - meteor cenie .... over the eist and of Wish con cranty, arroz the interin: o. Notle, over'the souther cor :-. of Gurney, and discp, usted over SSP ._ : 0. ₾ At I'mbrett we, Va., down on the . ... .. com was seen to
4.1 :00 was Sov int gult if Nale count. -
nf where t. foll. This 1.º cvolentiy me _- 4 the time when parts were toin from the main body: the momentum car.icd tiem thirty milles or more forwar 1 : . Now Concord.
A thousand conjectures respecting the starting point of this meteor were abroad, but a quaint character of Belmont county, adjoming Noble. who said he felt the wirth tremble. The Film.nous train was like a Live it as his opinion that the cont. with the base on the Wind "folks up there were quarrying too about twelvef near the enge of the moon."
DEATH IN OHIO OF THE DAUGHTER OF A STOUT OLD ABOLITIONIST WHO LIVED AND DIED NEAR LOGANVILLE
REEDSBURG, Wis-News comes, in Belmont county. He moved to of the death Wednesday at Flushing, | a farm four mlles out of Loganville in the summer of 1854, and there soon followed him into that region a
Ohio, rf Mrs. Mary Conrow, sister of Mrs. Fiorente Bunker of this city. Mrs. Conrow, far in the &O's, | large colony from the buckeye state. For a time the Palmers resided in Baraboo, but moved back to their farm about 1869. Mrs. Conrow, the with them for a while back in "hop
was an elder daughter of William Palmer who represented this district in the assembly in 1965-6, and who died on his Loganville farm some daughter, and her husband lived forty 'years ago, He was a stout old abolitionist, whose Flushing home ! times," then returned to Ohio. Mr. for many years was a station on the ! Conrow died more than 30 years ago. "underground railroad." over which, by mght mostly, runaway alaves from Virginia and Kentucky were plioted across Ohio to freedom in Curada. Palmer was a building contractor of importance in Ohio,
Two married daughters and a son survive. Mrs. Bunker has been with her sister for two months, and was leaving for home the very day that dowith come. The end was entirely unexpected. Mrs. Conrow Was
www and other editable hat had not been ill
Two carpenters, Samuel L Hines and Samuel M. Noble, were work:n4 on a farm at New Concord, and siw two fragments fall, ono in a l field and the other back of a house. out of sight, about 150 yarus from where they stood. They dug up the piece in the field from a depth of two fret. It was sull warm and weighed 51 Hines, plowing; pounds. Nathaniel in an adjoining field, gar a black object drop and sa.i the sound that preceded was The the lasting of rocks in a well. It hit the ground 200 yards off, and entered the ground 18 inches, after breaking the enis off three rail -. It was warm, bad & sulphurous sinel!, and weighed 40 to 50 pound.s. This puesmaldy was the stone thi carpenters saw fall behind the building. Another inan neat by, in luis home, heard a noise like a fist against his door, as he said. He Went out and any a stone fall. Ti.as ir ment was #61. pounds. Another mariner saw hi' S'icep scamper in a pasture and something fall. On go- ing to the spot he found a stone Wriginng 55 pounds that had gone entirely through a rotien log, and buried itself in the ground.
All the fragments were irregular. covered witha thin black crust. edges rounded, faces pitted as usual with mieteis. They were a hitsh era. another characteristic color. Vidlyzed, there fragments witt found to be composed of silica. morresia, plumina, lime, nickel. sulphur, phosphorus and cromum. Thirty stones in all are Lowvn to have come from this huge acrolite. ! ----- their total weight being over 700 pounds. . The visit of this celestial monster created about as much aston;sument in the region as locusts caters dis- | may there many years before These fixe ments are in many to- Nostal muschi, the museum of the oj o state university having a gen- crous piece_
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OLD OHIO PAYER TELLS OF VALLANDIGHAN Nowe GA+ AND HIS SUMMARY BANISHMERT TO DIXIE FOR TREASONABLE UTTERANCES
By O. D. Brandenburg Miss Elith Conover, North Mur- ray street, Madison, has given to the State Histori. 1 Society a copy of the 1. ston, onco, Dary Journal for Thursday, May 7, 1563, --- 1 little sheet of four pages, cach about one- quarter the sire of a page of the Democrat. Dayton, home of the democratic card.dite for president now, was a hotbed of copy- . hel- ism during the civil war and the home of the violent pro-sl.wery sympathize:, Congressman Clement L. Valland gham.
Two days before, on May 5, the Daily Empire, copperhead organ and edited by Vallandigham some years betore, contuned a violent article denouncing the arist of Vallandigliam. This The Journal promptly reprinted on its first page, wide colunin, dontile-leaded, to il- press the people of the region with the perfidy of The Empire.
The loyal people of Ohio had toi- erated the treasonable mouthurs of Vallandigham long enough, and General Burnside, in command of the Cincinnati district which in- cluded Dayton, pit Montgomery' county, in which Dayton is lo uted. under martial law and arrested Val- cons. lle was born at New Lisbon, landıgham. O1:10.
"Dastarlly. outrageous," exchins The Empire. The "cowardliv. 1 scoundrelly ebchitchists of this town," it continues, "have at list succeeded in having the Honoralde C. L. Valland gham kidp .ppor About three o'clock this morning. when the city was quint in sluni- ber. 130 soblicis, arting under orders from/G.noal Burnsily, ar- rived on a speerdi trat from Ca :- cinnati and. hke thicves in the night, surrounded Mr. Valandis- ham's dwelling and draggot him from his family." The act is de- nounced as a "horrible outrage" and "by the eternal they will yet rue the day!" It is firther p!o- claimed as a direct blow to "per- sonal liberty," the work of & "nah- Vist turmoil
taly drspolism"-something the same terms and the same spi !! some of our later day disloyalis's' manifested during the world war.
Just the same. Valiandighim was! tried by courtmartial and banished he naturally would be more at home-just like Emma Goldman, Berkman ard others of their ill ;. American bolshevists, were summar- dy packed off to Russia some months ago.
Vallandigham s'ipped out soon. made his way to Bermuda, then to
Curada where he continued his mauthings, but to no avail.
* Vallandigham was in congress when exiled. and had been from 1\58 to 1863. His treasonable ut- . terances wer. made byik m con- press and at public meetings, and even after interdiction by general orders. His object was to wreck the power of the government to suppress the rebellion.
At frist he was ordered to con .. finement in Fort Warren, Boston harbor, but this sentence was com- to
muted by President Lincoln barishment to the confederacy. De- spite this occurrence he was
promptly nominated, a la Berger. foi governor ky blundering democrats. but dared not come back to buck- eye soil, and of course wis bad y beaten. In 1864 and 18os he was a delegates to the democratic na- cional conventions, In the latter year he was defected for United States serator, and he did at Leh. enen. Ohio, in 1871, aged 51. Val- landigham's father was an editch- tor. so was he early in life, th n he became Iowyel, and was as bril- hant as he was daring and danger-
It developed that he was leader in the Order of the Sons of Liberty. a secret treasonalle organisation to help the confederacy. After his re- i birn to layton from Canada he mule a speech in which he had the efrontery to admit a membership of half a million.
Miss Conover's father. O. M. Con- over, was born in Dayton and his father came there not far from 1800. Miss Conover recal's & visit to Dayton as a child, after the war. when Vallandigham was making a street speech, and the excitement Was so greit that she anl other chadron were not permitted to go ' out. Bonfires were blazing nul
threatened. Miss Conover's parents were married at dayton, the mother being born at Troy, only a few miles north.
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The Dayton paper published a d.spatch from Nashville, det :ing how a number of disloyal residents.
to the southern confederacy where ' there were "sont south today, among them the Honorable Neil S. Brown, former governor of Tennes- sec."
So we see during our rebellion traitors were treated as we are to- d'y treating our revolutionary bol-
- 11/251620
TRAGIC FATE OF VALLANDIGHAM
Platteville, Wie, Sept. 28 .- My. him announced that he was "inder Dear Bran Enburg: I have been very; the afgis of the British lion." 1 much interested reading your ar- cartoonist took advantage of the ticles recently published In The situation and grow a cartoon in Democrat, especially the one in re-) which Vallandignam was squatting sard to C. 1. Vallandigham. I was under the lion's tail. President lun- familiar with his arrest, trial and; coln finally permitted him to return banishment. His Inflammatory | to this country, and he toot up azhin Ibe pricfire of bw. In 1811. speeches caused a great deal of trou- ble throughout the country, In our while engaged as counsel in a adJoining connty of I af. vette his fol -!
1
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murder trial, he was almost instant. lowers became so numerous and vi-fly killed by the painsture discharge olent that a company of soldiers was
of a revolver while engaged in.
stationed at Benton to keep then: jemenstrating how the shooting from obstructing the draft. After might have been done. Vallandichem's banshment he went M P. Findlaub. to Canada and papers friendly to
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