USA > Ohio > Auglaize County > History of western Ohio and Auglaize County, with illustrations and biographical sketches of pioneers and prominent public men > Part 36
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Wood Duck.
Fuligula ferina
Red-Head; Pochard.
Fuligulavallisneria
Canvas-Back Duck.
Bucephala albeola
Dipper Duck.
Podilymbus podiceps
Pied-Billed Dabchick.
ENTOMOLOGY.
The natural history of the county would be incomplete without some notice of its entomology. The number of its species is so great, however, that a description of each one would be too voluminous for a work of this character.
By permission of Mr. William Kayser, the entomologist, we give his extensive catalogue of the insects of Auglaize county :
HYMENOPTERA:
Pompilius formosus, Sphex tibialis, Sphex ichneumon, Polistes annularis,
Urocerus sp., Urocerus albicornis, Pimpla atrata, Pimpla lunator,
394 HISTORY OF WESTERN OHIO
Polistes rebiginosus,
Monobia quadridens,
Polistes pallipes,
Arotes amoenus,
Priocnemis unifascitus,
Peleinus policerator,
Ammophila gryphus,
Ichneumon unifasciatus,
Pelopaeus cementarius,
Ichneumon centratus,
Vespa maculata,
Amblyteles saturalis,
Odynerus sp.,
Dolerus arvensis,
Epeolus sp.,
Sciapteryx .sp.
LEPIDOPTERA.
NYMPHALIDAE.
Danais archippus,
Euptoieta claudia,
Argynnis idalia,
Argynnis idalia,
Papilio marcellus,
Argynnis bellona,
Papilio telamonides,
Phyciodes nycteis,
Phyciodes tharos,
Papilio glaucus,
Grapta interrogationis,
Grapta comma,
Grapta progne,
Grapta j-album,
Vanessa antiopa,
Pyrameis atalanta,
Pyrameis huntera,
Pyrameis cardui,
Limenitis ursula,
Limenitis disippus,
Apatura celtis,
Apatura clyton,
Debis portlandia,
Neonympha eurytris,
Libythea bachmani.
LYCAENIDAE.
Thecla favonius, Thecla calanus, Chrysophanus thoe,
Lycaena pseudargiolus,
Lycaena comyr.tas.
PAPILIONIDAE.
Pieris protodice, Pieris rapae,
HESPERIDAE.
Ancyloxypha numitor,
Pamphila hobomok,
Pamphila nevada,
Pamphila campestris,
Pamphila peckius,
Pamphila mystic,
Pamphila cernes,
Pamphila accius,
Pyrgus tesselata,
Nisoniades icelus,
Pholisora catullus,
Endamus bathyllus,
Endamus tityrus,
SPHINGIDAE.
Hemaris diffinis, Hemaris thyshe, Amphion nessus, Thyreus abbotii, Deilephila lineata,
.
Tremex columba,
Colias eurytheme,
Coliasphilodice,
Colias albinic,
Terias nicippe,
Papillio ajax,
Papilio turnus,
Papilio asterias,
Papilio troilus,
Papilio philenor,
Papilio cresphontes.
Ophion bilineatus,
Ophion macrurum,
AND AUGLAIZE COUNTY
395,
Choerocampa tersa,
ARETIIDAE.
Ampelophaga myron, Philampelus pandorus,
Philampelus achemon,
Protoparce celeus,
Protoparce Carolina, Sphinx drupiferarum,
Sphinx chersis,
Sphinx insolita,
Dolba hylaeus,
Chlaenogramma jasminearum,
Ceratomia amyntor,
Ceratomia catalpae,
Triptogon occidentalis,
Smerinthus geminatus,
Paonias excaecatus,
Paonias myops,
Cressonia juglandis,
SESIIDAE.
Melițtia ceto, Podosesia syringae, Sannina exitiosa, Sesia acerni,
Sesia tipuliformis.
AGARISTIDAE.
Eadryas unio, Eadryas grata.
SYNTOMIDAE.
Lycomorpha pholus.
PYROMORPHIDAE.
Harrisina Americana.
CETENUCIIIDAE.
Scepsis fulvicollis.
LITHOSIIDAE.
Hypoprepia fucosa, Euphanessa mendica, Clemensia albata.
Crocota laeta, Utetheisa bella,
Callimorpha clymene,
Callimorpha Lecontei,
Arctia virgo, Arctia nais, Pyrrharctia isabella,
Lecaretia acraea,
Spilosoma Virginica,
Spilosoma latipennis,
Hyphantria cunea,
Euchaetes collaris,
Ecpantheria seribonia,
Halisidota tessellata,
Halisidota caryae.
LIPARIDAE.
Orgyia leucosigma.
LIMACODIDAE.
Isa inornata, Limacodes scapha.
PSYCHIDAE.
Lacosoma chiridota.
NOTODONTIDAE.
Ichthyura inclusa,
Ichthyura albosigma,
Apatelodes torrefaeta,
Datana ministra,
Nadata gibbosa,
Notodonta stragula,
Pheosia rimosa,
Nerice bidentata,
Edema albifrons,
Heterocampa cinerea,
Cerura cinerea,
Odemasia concinna.
PLATYPTERYGIDAE.
Dryopteris rosea.
396
HISTORY OF WESTERN OHIO
CERATOÇAMPIDAE.
Eacles imperialis,
Citheronia regalis,
Sphingicampa bicolor,
Sphingicampa bisecta, Anisota stigma, Anisota senatoria,
Dryocampa rubicunda.
Arzama obliquata,
Monodes nucicolora,
Leucania pallens,
Leucania albilinea,
Leucania phragmatidicola,
Leucania commoides,
Leucania unipuncta,
Leucania pseudargyria,
Scolecocampa liburna,
Nolophana zelleri,
Pyrophila pyramidoides,
Stretchia variabilis,
Pyrrhia umbra,
Orthosia helva,
Orthosia lutosa,
Scoliopteryx libatrix,
Xylina antennata,
Xylina laticinerea,
Cucullia asteroides,
Aletia argilacea,
Ogdoconta cinereola,
Ambrestola urentis,
Plusia aerea,
Plusia biloba,
Plusia precationis,
Acronycta occidentalis,
Acronycta lobeliae,
Acryonycta vinnula,
Acronycta acericola,
Plagiomimicus pitychromus,
Acronycta oblinita,
Heliothis armiger,
Microcoelia diptheroides,
Schinia arcifera,
Agrotis ypsilon,
Schinia rivulosa,
Peridroma saucia,
Acontia crastrioides,
Noctua c-nigrum,
Acontia candefacta,
Noctua clandestina,
Chamyris cerintha,
Chorizagrotis agrestis,
Erastria muscosula,
Feltia subgothica,
Erastria apicosa,
Mamestra grandis,
Erastria carneola,
Mamestra trifolii,
Galgula subpartita,
Mamestra longiclava,
Drasteria erechtea,
Hadena stipata,
Drasteria erichto,
Hadena arctica,
Catocala nubilis,
Hadena lignicolor,
Catocala coccinata,
Hadena modica,
Catocala ilia,
Hyppa xylinoides,
Catocala parta,
Hydroecia nictitans,
Hydroecia erythrostigma,
Hydroecia nitela,
Catocala unijuga,
Catocala cara,
Catocala amatrix,
BOMYCIDAE.
Hemileuca maia,
Clisiocampa Americana,
Tolype velleda, Sericaria mori, Gastropacha Americana.
COSSIDAE.
Prionoxustus robiniae.
NOCTUIDAE.
Arsilonche albovenosa,
Plusia brassicae,
Plusia simplex,
Plusiodonta compressipalpis,
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AND AUGLAIZE COUNTY
Catocala innubens,
Catocala paleogama,
Calothysanis amaturaria,
Calledapteryx dryopterata,
Catocala retecta,
Catocala vidua,
Catocala epione,
Catocala robinsonii,
Lythria snoviaria,
Catocala insolabalis,
Lythria chamaehrysaria,
Catocala amica,
Haematopis grataria,
Catocala grynea,
Caterva catenaria, Boarmia pampinaria,
Catocala micronympha,
Catocala amasia,
Boarmia larvaria,
Catocala crataegi,
Tephrosia anticaria,
Catocala blandula,
Paraphia subatomaria,
Catocala illecta,
Eubyia cognitaria,
Strenoloma lunilinea,
Parallelia bistriaris,
Hybernia tiliaria,
Homoptera edusa,
Homopteralunata, Spargaloma umbrifascia,
Palthis angulalis,
Heterogramma rurigena, Hormisa absorptalis,
GEOMETRIDAE.
Prochoerodes transversata, Tetracis lorata,
Tetracis crocallata,
Metanema quercivoraria,
Metanema carnaria,
Ennomos magnarius,
Ennomos subsignarius,
Azelina hubnerata,
Endropia effectaria,
Endropia hypochraria,
Therina fervidaria,
Therina seminudaria,
Metrocampa margaritata,
Sicya inacularia, Angerona crocataria,
Microgonia limbaria,
Plagodis serinaria,
Plagodis keutzingaria,
Probole amicaria,
Synchlora rubrifrontaria,
Dyspteris abortivaria,
Acidalia inductata,
Acidalia quadrilineata,
Philagia strigataria,
Paleacrita vernata,
Heterophleps triguttata,
Phibalapteryx latirupta,
Pelrophora diversilineta, Rheumaptera lacustrata,
Ochyria designata, Epirrita dilutata,
Plemyria fluviata,
Eupithecia implicata.
PYRAUSTIDAE.
Hymenia perspectalis,
Desmia funeralis,
Phlyctaenia tertialis,
Nomophila noctuella,
Pyrausta octomaculata,
Pyrausta thestialis, Pyrausta ranalis,
Pyrausta pertextalis,
Pyrausta theseusalis,
Pantographa limata,
Loxostege chortalis, Loxostege obliteralis, Eustixia pupula, Evergestis straminalis,
Evergestis unimacula, Hydrocampa obscuralis,
Hydrocampa albalis,
Hydrocampa icciusalis.
Acidalia ennucleata,
Catocala neogama,
Stegania pustularia, Corycia vestaliata, Semiothisa praeatomata,
Eubyia quernaria,
398
HISTORY OF WESTERN OHIO
PYRALIDIDAE.
Pyralis farinalis, Pyralis costalis.
PHYCITIDAE.
Plodia interpunctella, Peoria haematica.
CRAMBIDAE.
Argyria nivilis,
Crambus laqueatellus,
Crambus agitatellus,
Crambus vulgivagellus,
Crambus interminellus.
PTEROPHORIDAE.
Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, Oxyptilus tenuidactylus.
TORTRICINA.
Cacoecia rosaceana.
Cacoecia rileyana,
Cacoecia argyrospila,
Cacoecia fervidana,
Ptycholoma melaleucana,
Tortrix albicomana, Cenopis pettitana, Cenopsis groteana, Dichelia sulfureana.
-
GRAPHOLITHIDAE.
Paedisca otiosana, Carpocapsa pomonella,
ANAPHORIDAE.
Acrolophus confusellus, Otholophus variabilis, Pseudanaphora arcanella.
GELECHIIDAE.
Depressaria atrodorsella.
DIPTERA.
TAMNOSTOM.
Chrysopila thoracica,
Gastrophilus equi,
Stratiomyia norma,
Chrysops univittatus,
Laphria thoracica,
Trichopada pennipes,
Sargus decorus,
Syrphus Americanus,
Scatophaga furcata,
Syrphus ribesii,
Trypeta longicornis,
Tamnostema excentrica,
Argyromoeba simson,
Argyromoeba sinuosa,
Exoprosopa fasciata, Laphria sericea,
Chrysops plangens,
Systoechus vulgaris, Systoechus aequalis,
Allograpta obliqua, Camptoneura picta, Trixota flexa,
Callopistria annulipes,
Chaetopsis aenea,
Strictocephala vau,
Hippobosca bubonis, Melophagus ovinus, Chrysops sp.
TABANUS.
Tabanus atratus,
Bombiliomyia abrupta,
Tabanus lineola,
Midas clavatus,
Trapanea avipora,
Dasyllis flavicollis,
Merodon bardus,
Eristalis tenax, Asilus sericeus, Sphecomyia undata,
399
AND AUGLAIZE COUNTY
COLEOPTERA.
CICINDELIDAE.
Cincindela 12 guttata, Cincindela. 6 guttata, Cincindela punctulata.
CARABIDAE.
Calosoma externum,
Calosoma scrutator,
Calosoma calidum,
Elaphrus pallipes,
Elaphrus ruscarius,
Scarites subterraneus,
Clivina bibustulata,
Bembidium paludosum,
Patrobus langicornis,
Pterostichus herculeanus,
Pterostichus adoxus,
Pterostichus permundus,
Pterostichus lustrans,
Evarthrus sodalis,
Amara fallax,
Diplochila laticollis,
Badister pulchellus,
Calathus gregarious,
Platynus hypolithus,
Platynus sordens,
Platynus cupripennis,
Platynus punctiformis,
Casnonia Pennsylvanica,
Galerita janus,
Lebia grandis,
Lebia striventris,
Lebia fuscata,
Lebia guttula,
Dromius piceus,
Chlaenius erythropus,
Chlaenius sericeus,
Chlaenius tricolor,
Chlaenius Pennsylvanicus,
Agonoderus lineola, Agonoderus pallipes,
Harpalus caliginosus,
Harpalus Pennsylvanicus,
Bradycellus repustris, Anisodactylus Baltimorensis,
Anisodactylus piceus, Anisodactylus serioeus, Anisodactylus interstitialis,
HALIPLIDAE.
Cnemidotus 12-punctatus.
DYTISCIDAE.
Rhantus tostus,
Dystiseus hybridus,
Dutiseus marginicollis,
Acilius fraternus,
Graphoderes fasciatocollis,
Cybister fimbriolatus.
GYRINIDAE.
Dineutes assimilis.
HYDROPHILDAE.
Hydrophilus ovatus,
Hydrophilus triangularis,
Hydrophilus glaber,
Hydrocharis obtusatus,
Berosus ifuscatus,
Laccobius agilis,
Laccobius fasciatus.
SILPHIDAE.
Necrophorus Americanus,
Necrophorus orbicollis,
Necrophorus guttula,
Necrophorus pustulatus,
Necrophorus tomentosus,
Silpha surinamensis,
Silpha lapponica
Silpha inaequalis,
Silpha noveboracensis,
Silpha Americana.
STAPYLINIDAE.
I.istetrophus cingulatus, Creophilus villosus,
400
HISTORY OF WESTERN OHIO
Staphylinus cinnamopterus,
Ocypus ater,
Philonthus clunalis,
Xantholinus cephalus,
Cryptobium bicolor,
Paederus riparia,
Pinophilus latipes, Tachinus fimbratus,
Glyptoma costale.
COCCINELLIDAE.
Megilla maculata, Hypodamia 5-signata,
Hypodamia convergens,
Hypodamia parenthesis,
Coccinella 9-notata, Coccinella sanguinea, Adalia bipunctata, Chilocorus bivulnerus,
Brachyaeantha ursina.
ENDOMYCHIDAE.
Mycetina Hornii, Endomychus biguttatus.
EROTYLIDAE.
Languria Mozardi, Megalodacne fasciata, Megalodacne heros, Ischyrus 4-punctatus, Tritoma unicolor, Tritoma flavicollis.
COLYDIIDAE.
Aulonium tuberculatum.
CUCUJIDAE.
Silvanus surinamensis, Silvanus bidentatus, Catogenus rufus, Cucujus clavipes, Laemophlaeus testaceus, Brontes dubius.
MYCETOPHAGIDAE.
Mycetophagus punctatus,
Dermestes marmoratus,
Dermestes lardarius,
Dermestes vulpinus,
Dermestes talpinus,
Anthrenus musaeorum.
HISTERIDAE.
Hololepta fossularis,
Hololepta abbreviatus,
Hololepta depurator,
Hololepta punctipes,
Aeletes simplex.
NITIDULIDAE.
Epuraea Erichsonii, Phenolia grossa, Omosita discoidea, Ips fasciatus.
LATRIDIIDAE.
Latridius minutus,
TROPOSITIDAE.
Trogosita virescens, Trogosita castanea, Trogosita pippingskoelda, Calitys scabra.
BYRRHIDAE.
Byrrhus Americanus.
HETEROCERIDAE.
Heterocerus ventralis.
DASCYLLIDAE.
Cyphon ruficollis.
ELATERIDAE.
Alus oculatus, Elater nigricollis,
401
AND AUGLAIZE COUNTY
Elater vitiosus, Drasterius elegans, Orthostethus infuscatus, Agriotes avulsus, Melanotus communis.
BUPRESTIDAE.
Chalcophora campestris,
Dicerea divarieata,
Chrysobothris femorata,
Chrysobothris dentipes,
Acmaeodera culta,
Ptosima gibbicollis,
Agrilus ruficollis, Agrilus politus.
LAMPYRIDAE.
Lycus eruentus, Calopteron apicale,
Eros aurora,
Ellychnia corrusca,
Photinus pyralis,
Podabrus basilaris,
Podabrus tomentosus,
Lucidota atra,
Chauliognathus Pennsylvanicus,
Telephorus scitulus,
Telephorus Carolinus,
Telephorus bilineatus.
CLERIDAE.
Elasmocerus terminatus, Clerus quadriguttatus, Enoplium quadripunctatum, Necrobia violaceus.
PTINIDAE.
Ptinus fur, Sitodrepa panicea.
LUCANIDAE.
Lucanus dama, Dorcus parallelus, 26 HAC
Ceruchus piceus, Passalus cornutus,
SCARABAEIDAE.
Canthon laevis,
Copris anaglypticus,
Copris Carolina,
Ataenius gracilis,
Aphodius fossor,
Phodius fimetarius,
Bolboceras tumefactus,
Odontaeus cornigerus,
Geotrupes splendidus,
Trox unistraiatus,
Trox scaber,
Dichelonycha elongata,
Serica sericea,
Lachnosterna fusca,
Lachnosterna balia,
Lachnosterna quercus,
Pelidnota punctata,
Ligyrus relictus, Xyloryctes satyrus, Allorhina nitida,
· Euphoria inda, Gnorimus masculosus,
Trichius affinis,
Trichius viridulus.
SPONDYLIDAE.
Parandra brunnea.
CERAMBYCIDAE.
Orthosoma brunneum,
Criocephalus agrestis,
Physocnemum brevilineum,
Phymatodes variabilis,
Chion cinetus, Eburia quadrigenminata,
Romaleum rufulum, Elaphidion villosum, Molorchus bimaculatus,
Callimoxys sanguinicollis,
Crossidius hirtipes, Cyllene pictus,
.
402
HISTORY OF WESTERN OHIO
Cyllene Robiniae,
Plagionotus speciosus,
Neoclytus capraea,
Clytanthus ruricola, Cyrtophorus verrucosus,
Euderces picipes,
Encyclops caeruleus,
Toxotus Schaumil,
Toxotus trivittatus,
Gaurotes cressoni,
Strangalia luteicornis,
Strangalia bicolor,
Typocerus zebratus,
Typocerus lineola,
Leptura rubrica,
Leptura vittata,
Leptura pubera,
Mohammus titillator,
Taricanus truquii,
Saperda vestita,
Saperda calearata,
Saperda tridentata,
Oberea tripunctata,
Tetraopes tetraophalmus.
CHRYSOMELIDAE.
Lema trilineata,
Anomoea latielavia,
Coscinoptera dominicana,
Pachybrachys subfasciatus, Chrysochus auratus,
Colaspis praetexta, Doryphora elivicollis,
Doryphora 10-lineata,
Chrysomela saturalis,
Chrysomela scalaris,
Chrysomela bigsbyana, Gastroides polygoni,
Lina lapponica, Lina seripta,
Diabrotica 12-punctata,
Diabrotica vittata, Diabrotica longicornis, Galeruca xanthomelaena, Disonycha pennsylvanica,
Systena bitaeniata, Coptocycla guttata.
BRUCHIDAE.
Bruchus pisi, Bruchus obsoletus.
TENEBRIONIDAĽ.
Nyctobates pennsylvanica,
Scotobates calcaratus,
Diaperis hydni,
Hoplocephala bicornis,
Platydema micans,
Hypophloeus substriatus,
Mycetochares fraterna.
OTHNIIDAE.
Othnius umbrosus.
MELANDRYIDAE.
Tetratoma truncorum,
Penthe pimlia, Melandra, striata,
Hallomenus humeralis.
PYTHIDAE.
Pytho Americanus.
OEDEMERIDIAE.
Aselera ruficollis.
ANTHICIDAE.
Corphyra lugubris, Anthicus difficilis.
PYROCHROIDAE.
Pyrochroa femoralis.
MELOIDAE.
Meloe impressus, Epicauta vittata, Epicauta cinrea, Epicauta pennsylvanica, Pyrote terminata.
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AND AUGLAIZE COUNTY
OTIORHYNCHIDAE.
Scythropus elegans, Scythropus californicus.
GURCULIONIDAE.
Listrinotus caudatus,
Listrinotus squamiger,
Phytonomus punctatus, Lixus concavus,
Macrops vitticollis, Magdalis barbita,
Magdalis pallida.
Eleschus ephippiatus,
Anthonomus quadrigibbus,
Contrachelus nenuphar,
Gymnetron teter,
PHASMIDAE.
Spectrum femoratum.
ACRYDI.
Acrydium Americanum,
Oedipoda Carolina,
Oedipoda xanthoptera.
LACUSTARIAE.
Conocephalus ensiger, Phaneroptera angustifolia,
Rhyssematus lineaticollis, Mononychus vulpeculus.
BRENTHIDAE.
Rhodobaenus tredeeimpunctus,
Balaminus nosicus,
Calandra granaria,
Cossonus platalea,
Cossonus erenatus.
SCOLYTIDAE.
Tomicus confuseus,
Dendroctonus terebrans,
Hylurgops subcostulatus,
Cratoparis lunatus.
ORTHOPTERA.
Cyrtophyllus concavus, Ceutophilus maculatus.
GRYLLIDAE.
Gryllotalpa brevipennis,
Gryllus abbreviatus,
Oecanthus fasciatus,
Oecanthus niveus,
Oecanthus bipunctatus.
BLATTARIAE.
Phasmodes Pennsylvanicus, Ectobia germanica.
NEUROPTERA.
LIBELLULIDAE.
Hagenius brevistylus,
Aeschna constricta, Libellula pulchella,
Libellula basilis,
Libellula trimaculata, Agrion verticalis, Celithemis eponina,
Diplax rubicunda,
Heterina Americana,
Perithemis domitia,
Argia violacea, Lestes uncata, Calopteryx maculata, Mesothemis simplicicollis.
SIALIDAE. Corydalis cornutus, Chauliodes nastricornis.
HEMEROBIDAE.
Polystoechotes punctatus,
404
HISTORY OF WESTERN OHIO
Chrysopa oculata, Chrysopa nigricornis.
PHRYGANEIDAE.
Neuronia semifasciata, Limnophilus sp., Hydropsyche sp.,
Leptocerus sp.
PANORPIDAE.
Bittacus strigosus,
Panorpa rufescens,
Hexagenia bilineata.
EPHEMERIDAE.
Ephemera decora.
TERMESTIDAE.
Termes flavipes.
HEMEROBIDAE.
Brachynemerus sp., Polystochetes punctatus.
ARCHAEOLOGY.
Evidences of an ancient race of people, entirely distinct from the Indian, are found in many localities of the county. They have left no written history, and all that is known concern- ing them is largely a matter of conjecture. Their implements found in nearly all sections of the state, their mounds, and their enclosures, are all that are left of this ancient civilization. "They have been called Mound Buiders, on account of the innumerable mounds which they erected, and which remained until the advent of the white man."
The writer has no knowledge of any mounds having been discovered within the county. Enclosures, however, varying in outline, are found in the eastern portion of the Muchinippe terri- tory. Scattered all over the county are implements belonging to both the Mound Builders and the Indians. When these relics are found on the surface it is impossible to determine to which race they belonged. The aggregate of the relics now in the hands of private collectors of the county would fill a large museum.
Of the stone relics exhibited in the accompanying engraving. much has been written that must be regarded as mere conjecture. Many of them have largely passed out of use by the modern Indians, and their actual purpose is unknown. The names given to them have been based upon a theoretical idea of their purpose or because of their appearance.
No. I is what is commonly called a banner, or ceremonial stone, and has been wrought from striped slate. It is highly
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finished, very symmetrical, and elegant in proportion, evidently designed to be ornamental. The material is compact and fine- · grained, but the eye is only one-half inch in diameter. The edges are not sharp, but rounded.
No. 2 represents a red stone pipe found on the farm of
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Thomas Schoonover, in Moulton township. In appearance, it is symmetrical. On one side it bears a rude sketch of a fish. The workmanship as a whole displays a superior degree of skill.
No. 3 represents a pipe cut from porphoritic iron. The etch- ing on the bowl exhibits a degree of skill and taste that are sur- prising. The specimen was plowed up in a field near Wapa- koneta.
No. 4 is a bird-shaped object. It has been carved from a
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bluish striped slate. The eyes of the fowl (if it represents a fowl) are protuberant, and small holes are drilled in the bottom and end to the depth of half an inch.
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 8 are supposed to represent birds.
Thomas Wilson, in a paper published in the Smithsonian report for 1888, says: "The purpose of these objects has been for a long period unknown. A Chippewa Indian told me, in the Smithsonian Institution, last summer, that they served for gam- ing. They were placed in a pan or basket, which, being covered, was shaken, and then set down quietly, the cover removed, and an inspection would show how many of the birds were seated upright. The player having the greatest number thus won the game."
No. 9 is a representation of a dog, and in design and finish compares well with the banner stones. We know of no other similar specimen in any collection. This specimen was discov- ered by some unknown person in Wayne township.
No. 7 is a semi-cylindrical piece of gray granite an inch and three-quarters in length and an inch and a half in diameter. A perforation having a diameter of half an inch extends length- wise through it. The purpose of the instrument is unknown. It may have been used as a whistle.
No. 10 is a tube five inches long, and having a diameter of five-eighths of an inch at the larger end, and three-eighths at the smaller end. The tubular orifice tapers from the larger end to the smaller. It served the purpose, without much doubt, of a tobacco pipe, the smaller end serving as a mouth-piece.
No. 12 is a boat-shaped relic, carved from green slate, and has two holes drilled in the bottom of the dish-shaped cavity. These holes have apparently never been used, for their edges are as fresh and sharp as the day they were made, showing no trace of wear. Mr. S. F. DeFord, of Ottawa, Ohio, has a relic of similar pattern that is without holes in the bottom of the concavity.
No. II is a pendant made from brown slate. The hole has been drilled with a tapering drill, by drilling from each side, leaving a sharp edge in the middle of the piece. Many relics of similar shape have two perforations.
No. 13 is a whetstone, and is supposed to be of more modern construction.
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Numbers 13 and 15 are ceremonial or banner stones. They are symmetrically shaped and well polished.
No. 17, taken from an Indian grave, is a representation of the leg of a Buffalo. Tally marks on the upper portion of it probably represent the number of buffalo that the hunter had killed.
Numbers 16 and 19 are spearheads three and a half inches in length. These flint implements are found in great numbers, along with arrowheads. The difference in size seems to indi- cate the difference in name. Except for this, the same implement may have served as either arrow or spearhead. In connection with this notice of spearheads and arrowheads, it may be stated that large numbers of leaf-shaped implements are found that probably served the purpose of knives. The archæologic interest of these leaf-shaped implements is, that in Europe they belong to the paleolithic period. In France they have been called feuille de laurier, laurel leaf.
No. 18 is a flint knife four inches in length, and having notches at one end for fastening it to a handle. The edge of the blade is sharp, and must have been a useful instrument to the owner. It is the best implement of the kind, with one exception, that the writer has ever seen. The exceptional specimen is in the private collection of Mr. Edmund Grothaus, of New Bremen. His knife relic is about seven inches in length. The blade and handle are in one piece. The symmetry and workmanship of the implement surpasses anything in the line of chipped flint instru- ments that we have ever seen. It is doubtful if its equal can be found in any collection in the country.
STONE AXES.
(From the report of the Archaeological Committee of Ohio of the stone relics exhibited at the Centennial Exhibit at Philadelphia in 1876.)
Under this head are included all wrought stones with a groove, a poll, and a bit. They are polished, partially polished and unpolished or rough. The bit is made sharp by rubbing, and the material is hard and tough, generally of trachyte, greenstone, granite, quartz, or basalt. Most of them are straight on one edge. They appear to have been manufactured from small oblong boulders, which were brought into shape by a pick or chipping instrument, the marks of which are visible on nearly all
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of them. A handle or helve was fastened in the groove by thongs of rawhide; either a wythe, a split stick, or a forked branch. The bit is narrower than the body of the axe, which is not generally so well balanced as to be of much value as a wood- cutting implement. It is very seldom that the material is hard enough to cut green and sound timber. The poll is generally round, but sometimes flat, and, rarely, pointed. It is much better adapted to breaking than cutting. The smaller ones are better fitted for war clubs than tools. As a maul to break dry limbs, it would be very efficient, and was probably put to all these uses. In weight, they range from half a pound to sixteen pounds, but are generally less than three pounds. The heavy ones must have been kept stationary at camps and villages. Such axes were in use by the red Indians when they were first met by white men, and are still in use among certain tribes in British America.
HAMMERS.
Double-headed hammers having a groove at the middle are occasionally found in the county. A fine specimen of this class of implements may be seen in the collection of Dr. C. Berlin, of Wapakoneta. The mechanical symmetry of the instrument is perfect. It is made of the same hard material as the stone axes.
CELTS.
Most of the chisel-form implements were probably used as aids in peeling bark from trees, for separating the skin from animals, and for wedges. Greater numbers of this implement are found in the county than of any other variety of instrument, with the exception of arrowheads. Many of thes chisel-shaped implements are beautifully polished.
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