USA > Ohio > Ohio in four wars, a military history > Part 15
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sixty-eight men. Mustered out at Wooster, November 21, 1898.
Ninth Battalion, Ohio Volunteer Infantry (Colored) : Headquarters at Columbus. Or- ganized as Ninth Battalion, Ohio National Guard, July 18, 1881; as Ninth Battalion, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, April 25, 1898. Mustered in for war with Spain, May 14, 1898. Strength for the war, sixteen officers, four hundred and thirty-one enlisted men. Commanded by Major Charles Young during war operations. Sta- ned during war: (1) Camp Alger, Va .; (2) Camp Meade, Pa .; (3) Camp Marion, S. C. Casualties during campaign, death of five meu. Mustered out at Camp Marior, S. C., January 28, 1899.
Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry: Organized June 25, 1898. Strength for war with Spain, forty-six officers, one thousand, two hundred and eighty enlisted men. Mustered into service. July 7, 1898. Commanded during war operations by Colonel Henry A. Axline, who resigned as Ad- jutant General, being succeeded by Herbert B. Kingsley; after the mustering out of the regi- ment, Colonel Axline resumed the duties ni Adjutant General. Stationed during war: (1) Camp Meade, Pa .; (2) Camp Mackenzie, Ga. Casualties during campaign, death of twenty-
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three men. Mustered out at Augusta, Ga., March 23, 1899.
First Ohio Volunteer Cavalry: This regiment was organized at Cleveland, Ohio, April 26, 1898. Mustered into the United States Volunteer Ser- vice, May 9, 1898, with the exception of Troop G, which was mustered in May 11, 1898. It was composed of troops from the different parts of the state of Ohio as follows: Troop A, Cleve- land; Troop B, Cleveland; Troop C, Cleveland; Troop D, Columbus; Troop E, Toledo; Troop F, Dayton; Troop G, Marysville; Troop H, Cincin- nati.
The regiment left Columbus, Ohio, May 14, 1898, arriving at Camp Thomas, Chickamauga Park, Ga., May 15, 1898. Left Camp Thomas, July 13, 1898, under orders to proceed to Tampa, Fla., July 15, 1898. Left Lakeland, Fla., arriv- ing at Huntsville, Ala., August 22, 1898. Left Huntsville, Ala., September 13, 1898 for Colum- bus, Ohio. Furloughed thirty days, Troops A, B, and C, mustered out at Cleveland, Ohio, October 22, 1898. Troop H mustered out at Cin- cinnati, Ohio, October 24, 1898. Troops D, E, F, and G, mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, Octo- ber 23, 1898.
First Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery: This battalion was organized at Columbus, Ohio,
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OHIO TROOPS LEAVING CAMP BUSHNELL (COLUMBUS) FOR THE WAR AGAINST SPAIN
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April 26, 1898, Mustered into the United States Volunteer Service, May 11, 1898. The four bat- teries were from the different parts of the state of Ohio as follows: Battery A, Cleveland; Bat- tery C, Zanesville; Battery G, Newark; Battery H. Columbus. Left Columbus, Ohio, May 16, 1898, arriving at Camp Thomas, Chickamauga Park, Ga., May 18, 1898. Left Camp Thomas, September 5, 1898, arriving at Columbus, Ohio, September 6, 1898. Headquarters mustered out of the United States Service, October 21, 1898, at Columbus, Ohio, and the Batteries on October 23, 1898, by Lieut. C. D. Roberts, 2nd Lieut. 17th U. S. Infantry.
From this record it will be seen that Ohio maintained the same fidelity to the Nation that she had established in the War of 1812, the Mexican War and the Civil War. And in those, her citizen soldiers volunteered beyond all re- quirements to enter the service of their country.
In the regular military forces of the United. States, Ohio was also creditably represented. Among the general officers appointed by the President, who were Ohio men, or of Ohio na- tivity, were Generals Joseph Warren Keifer, Henry W. Lawton, Adna R. Chaffee, Thomas McArthur Anderson, George A. Garretson and Oswald A. Ernst. General Keifer, who had won
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a major general's commission in the Civil War, was given the same rank, and as such he com- manded a division near Havana after the proto- col and led the United States troops when they marched into and took possession of the city of Havana after its evacuation by the Spanish army on January 1, 1899.
General Lawton was one of the heroic figures of the war, as well as of the succeeding Philip- pine War. Born in Manhattan, Lucas county, Ohio, March 17, 1843, he served with credit in the Civil War and afterward entered the regular army. He was commissioned Brigadier General in May, 1898, commanding the Second Division of the Fifth Army Corps in Cuba, and won the first battle of the war at El Caney. He was promoted to Major General and was in command at Santiago after the surrender. In December, 1898, he was assigned to the command of a corps in the Philippines, where he greatly distin- guished himself until killed in a battle at San Mateo, Luzon, December 19, 1899. The sum of a hundred thousand dollars was raised by popu- lar subscription and presented to his widow.
General Chaffee led a brigade in the Santiago campaign and was promoted to Major General of Volunteers. His subsquent career was highly distinguished. It was he who had command of
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the American contingent in the celebrated march to relieve the legations at Pekin, China, during the Boxer uprising. He rose to the position of Chief of Staff of the United States Army, being retired at his own request in 1906 after forty years of service.
General Anderson commanded the first ex- pedition to the Philippine Islands, occupied Cavite June 30, 1898, directed the land attack on Manila, and was commander of the First Division of the Eighth Army Corps in the battles of Santana, San Pedro, and Passe Guadalupe in 1899, all of these engagements being with insur- rectionists. General Garretson had command of a b. igade in the operations of Santiago and in Porto Rico. General Ernst was a Brigade Com- mander in Porto Rico. Major General James Franklin Wade, a son of Benjamin F. Wade, was at the head of the Cuban Evacuation Com- mission in 1898, and was transferred to the Philippines, where he was promoted to the chief military command. William Howard Taft, of Cincinnati, was made the first civil Governor of the Philippine Islands, and served in that capac- ity from July, 1901, to February, 1904.
The following Ohioans were appointed Briga- dier Generals of Volunteers for efficient services in the Spanish-American and Philippine wars:
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William Sinclair, Michael V. Sheridan (brother of General Philip H. Sheridan), Gilbert S. Car- penter, Jacob H. Smith, Charles C. Hood, An- drew S. Burt, Henry B. Freeman, George M. Randall, Edwin D. Atwood, Jesse C. Chance, Charles W. Miner and Frederick Funston, the captor of Aguinaldo. Of all the Ohio generals mentioned only three were West Point graduates.
The administrative direction of the Spanish- American War was to a remarkable degree shared by Ohioans. First among all others were President William Mckinley and his first Secre- tary of State, John Sherman. Secretary Sher- man conducted the diplomatic correspondence and proceedings up to the beginning of hostil- ities, when he resigned and was succeeded on April 25, 1898, by William R. Day, formerly assistant Secretary of State - also an Ohio man. Mr. Day continued at the head of the State Department throughout the War, nego- tiated and was the signatory on behalf of the United States of the peace protocol dated Au- gust 12th, and was the first of the five American Peace Commissioners who met in Paris and ne- gotiated and signed the treaty - one of his col- leagues in this historical transaction being Whitelaw Reid, a native and former citizen of Ohio. The place of Mr. Day at the head of the
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State Department was taken September 30th by John Hay, for some years a citizen of Ohio, who as minister to England before and during the Spanish-American conflict had £ contributed greatly to promote our country's interests abroad. President Mckinley's Secretary of War, General Russell A. Alger, was of Ohio birth. The man to whom, above all others, credit is to be given for perfecting, organizing and equipping the regular and volunteer forces for field service, was the Adjutant General of the Army, Henry C. Corbin, who was also a citizen of Ohio.
In the Senate the most conspicuous figure in the debates growing out of the war was Senator Joseph B. Foraker. His rank as the first consti- tutional la . yer of that body was undisputed, and his discussions of the questions and policies per- taining to our new possessions practically guided the party in power. His speech urging the rec- ognition of Cuban independence did much to bring about that event. In his defense of Presi- dent McKinley's Philippine policy he was re- garded as the spokesman of the administration. When the President by message urged Congress to abolish all customs tariff between the United States and Porto Rico, Senator Foraker in re- sponse introduced a bill for free trade with that
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island, making its inhabitants citizens of the United States with a representative in Congress. The bill was bitterly opposed by parties inter- ested in the sugar trade, but Senator Foraker's argument on its constitutionality convinced Con- gress that Porto Rico was neither a state nor a territory, but a dependency, and that Congress had a right to legislate concerning it. The force of Senator Foraker's constitutional argument was afterward recognized by the Supreme Court in the case of Dooley vs. the United States (183 U. S. Reports, p. 151). In this case it was de- cided that the Foraker Act was constitutional and that duties levied on goods from the United States to Porto Rico were illegal and should be refunded. The Court also held that Porto Rico is not an integral part, but a possession, of the United States.
The war with Spain, though brief, was very decisive in its results. For the first time in its history the United States became a potent factor in the inter-relationship of nations, acquiring thereby new powers and greater responsibilities. In the accomplishment of the things that brought this about Ohio was conspicuous by its patriotic actions in all the branches of our National service.
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INDEX
Accounts, Ohio, in war with Spain, 266.
Agriculture, effect of Civil War on, 224. Aid Soldiers, Societies, 251.
Bartley Mordacai, calls Ohio troops, 66; General Ham- er's letter to, 69.
Brigadier Generals, Ohio, 254. Brough, John, nominated for governor, 192; sketch of, 193; the campaign of 1863, 195; his election, 199; inau- guration, 215; his adminis- tration, 249.
Buckingham, C. P., report as adjutant general, 104.
Bushnell, Asa S .. 202; 203.
Chase, Salmon P., 95; 100; 256.
Cincinnati besieged, 137; de- fended by General Wallace, 140.
Clay, Henry. advocates war with England, 3.
Clay, General, marches to re- lieve Fort Meigs, 28; his force ambushed and mas- sacred, 30.
Conspiracies to release Con- federate prisoners, 231.
Corwin, Thomas, opposes the Mexican War, 84; sketch of, 87; his death, 90.
Cox, Jacob D., 102; 106.
Craig, Sir James, Governor General of Canada, 2. Crisis The, mobbed, 198.
Croghan, George, sketch of. 44; commands Fort Steph- enson, 45; defense of, 47; victory, 51 : Chillicothe ladies present sword, 52. Cuba, 259.
Dennison, William, 95; admin- istration reviewed, 119.
Expedition to the Southern Confederacy, 142; composed of Ohio soldiers, 145; cap- ture and death, 155; monu- ment to. 157.
Financial effects of Civil War, 227.
Franklinton, 34; Indian Coun- cil at, 38.
Freeman's Chronicle, The, ex- tract from, 29. Foraker, Joseph B., 277.
Committee of Thirty-three, 93. | Foster, Abby Kelly, 103.
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Garfield, James A .. 96; 106.
Generals, Ohio, 253.
Grant, Ulysses S., 78; 253.
Hamer, Thomas I .. , 68; death of, 80; appointment of U. S. Grant to West Point, 82. Harrison, Richard A., 98. Harrison, William Henry,
made commander-in-chief, 16; his campaign starts, 17; builds Fort Meigs, 24; is besieged, 26; siege aban- doned, 32; address to Ohio militia, 34; holds council at Franklinton, 38; meets Perry in Sandusky Bay, 55.
Henry, John, British emissary to New England, 2.
Holmes county resists draft, 184.
Hull, William, assumes control of Ohio troops, 7; his cam- paign and defeat, 10; sur- renders Detroit, 13; court- martialed, 14.
Kentucky officials visit Co- lumbuts, 95.
Knights of the Golden Circle, 229.
Lincoln, Abraham, calls for troops, 112; on Vallandig- ham's arrest, 178.
Logan, James, Shawnee chief, heroic deeds of, 19.
McClellan, George B .. com- mands Ohio troops, 114; en- Mckinley, William, 258; 260.
Madison, James, purchases the Henry papers, 3.
Maine, battleship, destruction of, 260. Major, Generals, Ohio, 253. Marriages, effect of civil war on, 226.
Meigs Jr., Return Jonathan, sketch of life, 4; mobilizes Ohio militia, 6; resigns to become Postmaster-General, 63.
Meigs, Fort, built, 24; first siege, 26; siege abandoned, 32; second siege, 42. Mexican War, declared, 64; causes of, 65.
Military arrests, 135; report on, 136.
Mitchel, Ormsby M., 142.
Morgan, John H., his raid through Southern Ohio, 200; captured, 209; escapes, 211.
National Guard organized, 217. New England opposed to War of 1812, 2.
Officers, Ohio, in War with Spain, 274. Olds, Edson B., 134.
Perry, Oliver H., sketch of, 5.1; builds fleet for the Lakes, 55; victory over the British, 58; his message to General Harrison, 61.
Polk, James K., message on Mexico, 61.
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Proctor, General, besieges Fort Meigs, 26; abandons
siege, 32; attempts second siege, 42; attacks Fort Stephenson, 47; his defeat,
Pugh, George E., 187.
Regiments, Ohio, in war with Spain, 267.
Relief associations in the Civil War, 251.
Sandusky Bay, conspiracy of, 240.
Schools, effect of Civil War on, 222.
School teachers in army, 223. Seneca, Fort, 45.
Sheridan, Philip II., 253.
Sherman, John, 92; 100; 256. Sherman, William T., 79; 253. Shiloh Battle of, 130; Ohio regiments engaged, 131. Smith, Kirby, 157. Spain, war with, 258.
"Squirrel Hunters, The," 140. Stephenson, Fort, 41; attacked by Proctor and Tecumseh, 47; defended successfully by Croghan, 51.
Tarhe, Wyandot chief, 38; accompanies Harrison, 42. Tecumseh. 16; 31; 37; with Proctor attacks Fort Steph- enson, 48.
Tennessee officials visit Co- lumbus, 95.
Tod, David, sketch of, 136; nominated for governor, 127; inauguration, 129; or- ders military arrests, 134; arrested, 168; review of his administration, 214.
Tupper, Edward W., of Gallia County leads militia, 18.
Union party, formed, 122; its platform, 125; nominates David Tod for governor, 120; John Brough for gov- ernor, 192.
Vallandigham. Clement L., op .. poses the war, 108; sketch of, 163; arrest, trial and ex: " ile of, 171; Lincoln on the arrest, 178; nominated for governor, 186; in Canada, 189; conspiracies of, 233. Veterans, Ohio, 219; officers of, 220; regiments, 221.
Wallace, Lewis, 138; defends Cincinnati, 140; his address, 141.
War of 1812; causes of, 1; dangers to Ohio, 4; effect on, 63.
Winchester, James, succeeded by Harrison, 17; at Maurice Rapids, 23; his army mas. sacred, 21.
Wool, John E., 67; order on mustering out Ohio regi- ment, 71.
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