USA > Ohio > Muskingum County > Zanesville > Past and present of the city of Zanesville and Muskingham County, Ohio > Part 27
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Zanesville Tent, No. 237, Knights of the Mac- cabees, was instituted March 11, 1895, with the following officers: N. H. Garner, past com- mander; Martin W. Miller, commander ; John Crooks, lieutenant commander ; Fred Biszants, record keeper ; Peter Ungemach, finance keeper ; Frank Lemon, chaplain ; D. P. Mercer, sergeant ; A. L. Jackson, M. D., physician.
Zanesville Council, No. 20, United Commer- cial Travelers of North America, was instituted April 18, 1891, and has a membership of over three hundred, being one of the most prosperous councils of the fraternity ; handsome club rooms are maintained at southwest corner of Main and Sixth streets, and are open to the resident and visiting "knights of the grip" at all hours.
PATRIOTIC ORDER SONS OF AMERICA.
The principles of this order that members must be natives or born under the jurisdiction of the United States, and that free public schools shall
be maintained, and that there shall be no union of church and state, have given the impression that its objects are political; that such is foreign to its character is expressed in the constitution of the order, which directs that the use of the name for political or partisan purposes, by a camp, will forfeit the charter. All camps are named Washington, and their individuality is determined by number; the first to be estab- lished at Zanesville was No. 43, which was in- stituted June 6, 1879, by E. S. Layman, of Cin- cinnati, state secretary, with the following char- ter members: Frank Harris, A. Petit, F. M. Willey, C. A. Barton, Ed. Parshall, George Moore, John Millis, Charles Ford, Wash. Sock- man, W. R. Hazlett, M. D. Frazier, Webb Mc- Cann, John Bailey, Charles Huff, Jud. Alvis, Jack. Wiswell, Hosea Haines, Albert George. The first officers were: W. R. Hazlett, past pres- ident ; Frank Harris, president ; F. N. Willey, vice president ; Webb McCann, master of forms and ceremonies ; C. A. Barton, recording secre- tary; Charles Huff, financial secretary ; Albert Petit, treasurer; Charles Ford, conductor ; George Moore, inner guard; Ed. Parshall, outer guard; Rev. H. A. Delano, chaplain.
Camp No. 47 was instituted February 9, 1881, with fifty-six charter members, and the follow- ing as first officers: George Brown, president ; George Murdoch, vice president: H. L. Mc- Carty, recording secretary ; James Drake, as- sistant secretary: G. H. Grubb, financial secre- tary; David Mercer, master of forms and cere- monies ; Smith Winchell, inner guard; A. B. Chilcote, outer guard.
Two other camps were later formed, one of which was at Putnam, but they have consoli- dated into Camp No. 47, which at present is the only one in the county.
HAZLETT POST, NO. 81,
was so named in honor of Captain John C. Haz- lett, of 2d O. V. I., and his cousin, Harry Haz- lett, of the 5th U. S. Artillery, both of whom were killed during the Civil war; the post was organ- ized June 1, 1881, with the following officers : C. C. Goddard, post commander ; M. V. B. Ken- nedy, senior vice commander ; Wilson C. Moore, junior vice commander ; Howard Aston, adju- tant : Charles L. Moore, quartermaster ; Rev. Theodore Crowl, chaplain ; A. Ball, M. D., sur- geon ; Charles Grant, officer of the day; Frank J. Van Horne, officer of the guard; G. S. War- ner, sergeant major; Fred. Geiger, assistant in- spector ; H. C. Lillibridge, aide-de-camp, and the following roll of members :
Jesse S. Arter, J. H. Axline, G. F. Axline, Fenton Bagley, Henry Barker, jr., J. S. Beach, Thomas G. Beacham, Thomas S. Black, D. J.
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PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY.
Brown, R. B. Brown, W. J. Chandler, A. B. Chilcote, R. A. Cunningham, F. C. Dietz, James Dixon, Joshua Downard, J. H. Drake, Daniel Dugan, S. F. Edgar, Abraham Emery, A. H. Evans, W. H. Foye, G. A. Gardiner, D. B. Gary, J. T. Gorsuch, M. M. Granger, John A. Green, Andros Guille, W. S. Harlan, S. V. Harris, E. B. Haver, Howard Israel, George James, Samuel H. John, Henry L. Korte, John Martin, J. W. Martin, N. S. McBee, Alex. McConnell, Thomas McLees, A. F. Munson, W. O. Munson, T. J. Newman, Q. C. Ong, D. B. Parker, J. W. Pink- erton, C. W. Potwin, H. M. Sedgwick, Joseph Shaw, R. F. Smart, E. F. Taylor, A. H. Watts, C. C. Wiles, S. L. Wiles, F. M. Willey, L. R. Wilson, David Zimmer.
The post is now permanently quartered in a large, pleasant room in the Memorial building, and possesses a valuable and interesting collec- tion of relics, colors and paintings.
Encampment No. 118, Union Veteran Legion, was organized October 7, 1892, with the follow- ing first officers : H. C. Roush, colonel; W. O. Munson, lieutenant colonel ; W. S. Ayers, major ; A. H. Watts, chaplain; J. A. Smith, surgeon ; John W. Goshen, officer of the day; Joseph Brelsford, officer of the guard; Joseph Fix, quar- termaster ; F. J. Van Horne, adjutant ; Charles Claspell, sergeant major: H. Kerker, quarter- master sergeant; B. Willis, guard; James Sears, color sergeant.
Herrick Blue Naval Association was formed June 16, 1892, with the following officers : S. S. Russell, captain ; William Larzalere, lieutenant commander ; R. J. Brown, paymaster; George W. Shaw, secretary ; Andrew Josselyn, chaplain.
Hazlett Corps, Women's Relief Corps, No. II, and Muskingum Camp, No. 69, Sons of Veter- ans, have organizations, but the details respect- ing origin has not been obtained.
The G. A. R., U. V. L. Naval Association, W. R. C., and S. of V., are provided assembly rooms in the Monumental building.
BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS.
In January, 1889, a meeting was held in the counting room of Shinnick & Sullivan, north- west corner of Main street and Cyprus alley, at which Frank A. Durban, John C. Sullivan, Julius Frank, Moses Frank, Oscar Geis, and perhaps two or three others were present; C. C. Harrison, a member of an Elk's lodge at Colum- bus, explained the principles and practices of the organization and a lengthy discussion en- sued upon the expediency of forming a lodge of the B. P. O. E. at Zanesville. Subsequent meetings were held at the same place, in the law office of Train and Durban, and when more room was required, in the rooms of the Board
of Trade, in the Monumental building. Hav- ing decided to secure a lodge a choice of officers was made before any of the men had been in- itiated, and at this meeting, February 8, 1889, at the Board of Trade room, a general committee on arrangements was named consisting of W. S. Bell, Thomas Scott, C. D. Wedge, Fuller Van Voorhis, C. A. Blake, Charles Geis, R. H. Haz- lett, J. A. Morrow, J. J. Thomas and F. A. Durban.
February 27, 1889, Zanesville Lodge, No. 114, with forty-five members, was formally or- ganized in the concert room in Odd Fellows' hall, by George A. Clugston, district deputy grand exalted ruler, of Mansfield, assisted by the members of that lodge in that city, and the following officers were installed: W. S. Bell, exalted ruler ; John A. Morrow, exalted leading knight ; F. A. Durban, exalted lecturing knight ; Edward W. Reich, secretary; C. D. Wedge, treasurer ; Alfred W. Reich, tyler; John Fitz- patrick, Leopold Dryfus, and W. Cliff Conrade, trustees ; Thomas Scott, Esq., Frank M. Haas, inner guard; C. U. Shryock, chaplain.
April 28 the committee on hall reported in favor of the rooms on the second floor of the Masonic temple, at Fourth and Market streets. and they were occupied April 25, 1889. On January 17, 1894, a lease was ordered executed for the rooms formerly known as Black's Music hall, in Main street, adjoining the Odd Fellows' hall on the west, which were fitted up in the most elaborate manner and occupied in June. Upon the first floor are reception, reading, writ- ing, pool, billiard, and card rooms, a ladies' par- lor and cloak room kitchen, china closet, and safe for the silverware. On the third floor, or second of the suite, are a commodious lodge room, team room, and closets, and a large danc- ing room.
Two events, of which the members retain the most gratifying recollections, are the burgoo feast, on the Bolin farm, and the trip to Cleve- land, by special train, to attend Grand Lodge : the engine was in charge of a member of the lodge and the trip was phenomenal for its short time.
The club rules were unique when framed, but have been so extensively copied that their origi- nality might be lost were not this record made. Betting of every character, gambling, and all treating are positively prohibited: no buffet is maintained, but a member may have his own re- freshments kept in the club ice box, and his own cigars in a locker, but he must not share any- thing with another club member. The theory of the club is that treating is the cause of the drink- ing habit and that personal inclination would not prompt men to excess, hence the prohibition of inviting another to partake.
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PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY.
MUNIFICENT ORDER OF CAMELS.
The order has its origin in the Eastern states, and a revision or reorganization was made at Cincinnati, April 15, 1903, at which time a su- preme lodge was formed, of which A. A. George was elected supreme eminent ruler and D. H. Crawford, M. D .. supreme secretary, both of whom were residents of Zanesville, Alpha Lodge, No. 45. was the first lodge chartered after the reorganization and the first to be formed in Ohio, and was instituted at Zanesville, Decem- ber 3. 1903, with 150 charter members, the su- preme eminent ruler and supreme secretary offi- ciating. The first officers were :
C. J. Lafayette, lodge deputy ; F. E. Wiles, eminent ruler ; E. C. Bonfield, vice ruler ; Charles O. Dozer, high priest; S. H. Flemm, secretary ; George O. Krause, master at arms ; H. W. Waters, sentinel; O. J. Skinner, picket ; J. F. Erskine, treasurer ; Glenn Mills, costumer ; G. W. Sigler, guide ; W. C. Waters, M. D., med- ical inspector ; T. F. Thompson, E. Eppley, and D. F. McCarty, trustees.
ROYAL ARCANUM.
Hope Council, No. 82, Royal Arcanum, was instituted in the lodge room, on the third floor of the Star block, northeast corner of Main and Third street, April 16, 1878, by Deputy Supreme Regent Teeples, and the following charter mem- bers :
Samuel C. Abbott, Charles E. Albright, Albion J. Andrews, Orrin Ballou, R. J. Brown, Rufus C. Burton, Thomas Coulton, Rev. H. A. Delano, Thomas W. Dutro. Charles O. Harris, George C. Harris, William H. Holden, M. D., James T. Irvine, Charles H. Jones, Henry C. Lilli- bridge, Alexander Manson, R. S. Mershon, Rev. Charles T. Morgan, Wilbur F. McCoy, George W. McCormick, George F. Russell, Louis D. Sandel, Howard M. Sedgwick, William M. Shin- nick, Jr., J. Hope Sutor, Frank J. Terry, C. G. Thompson, J. D. Warner, and James S. Wheeler.
Nineteen of the applicants were present at the inauguration when the following officers were chosen: Regent, R. S. Mershon ; Vice Re- gent. Charles H. Jones; Past Regent, Frank J. Terry; Orator. James T. Irvine ; Secretary, Wil- liam M. Shinnick, jr .; Collector, R. J. Brown ; Treasurer, George F. Russell: Guide, H. M. Sedgwick; Chaplain, Rev. Charles T. Morgan ; Warden, C. E. Albright; Sentry, C. G. Thomp- son.
April 19, eight signers of the charter were initiated, and April 25 the last two were ad- mitted to the royal secret. Eight of the twenty- nine charter members have died, and eleven are still in affiliation ; the remaining ten have trans-
ferred membership to other councils, or surren- dered their fraternal privileges.
Zane Lodge, No. 30, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was chartered September 4, 1874, the first officers being Fred. Geiger, past master workmen; D. B. Gary, master workman; Ed- ward T. Hanmer, general foreman; John Mc- Caslin, overseer; R. T. Irvine, recorder; J. H. Ross, financier; A. P. Stults, receiver; M. C. Mitchell, guide; Lewis Moore, inside warden ; James Van Winkle, outside warden. The origi- nal place of meeting was in the Star block, and meetings are now held in the Sharpe building, in Fifth street, between Market street and Foun- tain alley.
Star Lodge, No. 30, Knights of Honor, was organized in the Star block, September 15, 1874, by Darius Wilson, M. D., of Boston, past su- preme dictator, with the following charter mem- bers: E. G. Bowen, W. A. Fillmore, James Gallogly, M. D., W. S. Harlan, W. H. Holden, M. D., Fred. Howell, H. C. Lillibridge, Thomas E. Richards, A. P. Stults, and Thomas E. Stur- geon. The first officers were: W. S. Harlan, past dictator and lodge deputy : Thomas E. Stur- geon, dictator ; A. P. Stults, vice dictator ; W. A. Fillmore, assistant dictator; E. E. Brown, re- porter ; James Gallogly, M. D., treasurer and medical examiner ; H. C. Lillibridge, guide; T. E. Richards, chaplain; W. H. McOwen, trus- tee ; W. H. Holden, M. D., medical examiner.
Zanesville Lodge, No. 3154, and Zane Com- mandery, No. 23, were later organized, but did not survive and were consolidated with Star lodge.
Valley Ruling, No. 53. Fraternal Mystic Cir- cle, was chartered December 10, 1886, to L. E. Dodd, G. A. Allen, W. D. Lash, L. H. Binkley, WV. M. Dodd, R. J. Brown, Joseph F. Stemm, R. C. Burton, H. C. Lindsay, W. M. Shinnick, jr., John H. Best, Gilbert Snyder, Harry S. Bryan, Robert E. Kirkpatrick, J. B. Larzalere, J. K. Arnold, W. A. Mclaughlin, Henry Roekel, Edward P. Church, H. E. Printz, F. K. Jackson, Frank C. Kerr, Smith L. Brown, Washington M. Adams, Wallace Burton, Benjamin C. Davis, Edmund C. Brush, M. D., John S. Derwachter, J. Lincoln Smith, H. B. Mechling. The origi- nal records have been lost and the names of the first officers cannot be ascertained.
Concordia Grove, No. 13. United Ancient Order of Druids, was chartered and instituted May 3. 1859, by William Stoll, noble grand arch, and G. A. Rheinberger, vice grand arch, of Cin- cinnati. The first officers were: Henry White, noble arch; Gottleib Glaesser, vice arch; Ed- ward Vogel, secretary; Daniel Fehrends, treas- urer, and the following additional charter mem- bers: Jacob Hartmaier, George T. Biehler, Heinrich Koche, Peter Shreck, Conrad Fischer,
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PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY.
Joseph Mees, Adam Mertz, Michael Seibert, Conrad Stolzenbach, George F. Fuessle, John WV. Kiesswell, Louis Russi, Jacob Matzenbacher, Karl Miller, William Heinrich, and Xavier Meyer.
The proceedings were conducted in German, and in March, 1893, Zane Grove, with forty charter members, was instituted to work in English; the elder Grove had not prospered by reason of the disinclination of men to attach themselves to an institution conducted in an un- familiar tongue, and in January, 1901, Concordia decided to adopt the English ritual, which was used after June in that year, and in June, 1902, the two Groves consolidated under the older charter. An auxiliary of females, styled "Har- monie Circle," is conducted in the German tongue.
Zanesville Aerie, No. 302, Fraternal Order of Eagles, was instituted January 18, 1903, by Col. H. C. Voute, state deputy grand president, with the following officers: J. C. Drohan, past worthy president; E. Ebert Peabody, worthy president ; R. K. Hine, worthy vice president ; D. A. T. Westall, worthy chaplain; M. L. Tracy, worthy conductor; Simon Linser, jr., worthy treasurer; J. P. Daugherty, worthy secretary ; John C. Francks, worthy inner guard ; J. Friede- nauer, worthy outer guard; L. E. Dixon, E. J. Tracy, and C. W. Morrison, trustees. Rooms for lodge and club purposes were fitted up in the upper stories of the Commercial Bank build- ing, southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets.
MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA.
The order was introduced into Muskingum county at Zanesville, and a meeting, preliminary to the institution of Buckeye Camp, No. 3224, was held in the studio of J. Lincoln Smith Sep- tember 2, 1895, when all preparations were con- cluded for the formal opening of the Camp on September 23 by R. E. Cornelius, Deputy Head Consul. The charter bears date September 18, 1895, and the ceremonies of institution were con- ducted in the rooms on the second floor of the former Masonic building, corner of Market and Fourth streets, with the following list of charter members :
Charles M. Arney, Henry D. Beach, Gavin L. Bell, Wm. E. Bowers, Willis B. Bradford, O. L. Butler, John Carroll, John B. Donahue, Charles L. Factor, Edward F. Grimsley, H. L. Jackson, H. V. P. Jackson, Charles D. Jones, C. O. Krone, Wm. T. Lewis, Elmer L. Linn, J. F. Lyons, Charles McBride, Harry M. Newberry, Wm. R. Newberry, Charles W. Northrup, Wm. T. Rob- inson, Charles V. Roemer, Edward B. Roemer, F. D. Roemer, J. L. Sammons, J. Lincoln Smith, Harry E. Snell, Frank Spangler, John H. Stemm,
A. C. Swope, Bennett L. Taylor, Walter W. Verney, Curtis O. Vinsel, Arthur S. Watts, Charles H. Watts, David Wells, O. M. Wiseman, M. D.
The first officers were: Venerable Consul, J. Lincoln Smith; Worthy Adviser, Gavin L. Bell; Clerk, F. D. Roemer ; Esteemed Banker, B. L. Taylor ; Escort, C. H. Watts; Watchman, C. M. Arney; Sentry, H. E. Snell; Physician, O. M. Wiseman, M. D .; Managers, J. L. Sammons, C. O. Krone and W. E. Bowers.
The first place of regular assembly was in Rechabites hall, in Maginnis block, for about one year ; K of P. hall, two years; Choral hall, three years, and f901 in the present commodious rooms at southeast corner of Main and Third streets.
PATHFINDERS.
Denner Lodge, No. 45, was organized in Choral hall, February 8, 1899, as the labor of Benjamin Denner, and was installed by J. S. Myler, supreme secretary. The charter roll con- tained one hundred names and the first officers were :
B. V. Woodburn, past president ; John Drake, president ; Frank Israel, vice president ; J. B. Smith, chaplain ; Harry Hauk, secretary; Henry Knoedler, treasurer; H. C. Gitter, sergeant at arms ; James Paine, guide; Mrs. John Drake, inner guard; John Young, outer guard; George McCormick, S. G. Sprague and Howard Shirer, trustees. Meetings are held in the Druids' hall on alternate Saturday nights.
FRATERNAL CENSOR.
Zanesville Council, No. 34, was instituted June 5, 1899, by E. S. Guiser, supreme president, and James S. Hill, deputy, with the following officers :
Jacob Burgey, president ; G. W. Foley, vice president : Silas Vansant, secretary; F. K. Jack- son, financial secretary; F. L. Israel, treasurer ; F. K. Jackson, representative; Silas Vansant, alternate; and the following additional charter members : L. L. Magruder and wife ; George R. Fairall and wife: Mrs. G. W. Foley; Miss E. Magruder: Miss Grace Foley and J. P. Zins- meister.
The organization was effected in Gold Hall and regular meetings are held in the Rechabites' hall.
HEBREW SOCIETIES.
Gilion Lodge, No. 195, Independent Order of B'nai Berith was organized April 27, 1873, with Michael Steinfeld. president ; W. Dryfus, vice president ; Henry Baer, secretary : H. Horkheim- er, treasurer : B. S. Dryfus, Rudolph Shonfield,
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PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY.
M. Shonfield. M. Cahen, S. Frank, Louis Stein- feld and D. Goodman as charter members ; meet- ings are now held in the Richards' block.
King Solomon Lodge, No. 133, Kesher Shel Barzal, was instituted August 16, 1874, with the following first officers: W. Freedman, presi- dent ; M. S. Witkosky, vice president ; L. Wit- kosky, recording secretary; A. Cohen, financial secretary ; B. Frosh, treasurer ; L. Newman, out- er guard: J. Stern and A. Cohen, trustccs ; and D. Frosh, H. Weber, S. Levy, J. Goldberger, T. Rosher, J. Haber, J. Wollner, H. Heflich, Igna- tius Stern, S. Freilich, S. Schwartz, S. Regan, W. Klein, A. L. Freedman, H. Reich, J. Metzen- dorf, S. Engleman, M. Levy, B. Singer, J. Freed- man, S. Cohen, S. Klein, J. Gotlob, W. Deutch, A. Starn, J. J. Klein, L. Klein, H. Kohn. The order disbanded about 1900.
Clay City Lodge, No. 177, Independent Order of Sons of Benjamin, has an organization but nothing can be learned about its formation.
GRAND UNITED ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS.
The order is composed of colored men and has no affiliation with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, composed of white men. The first Lodge in America was numbered 646 and was opened in New York city, in 1843, and called Philomathean. The authority to open Lodges in America is derived from the Committee of Management in England, underwritten by a sub- Committee of Management in America, and March 4. 1878, the English authority, and July 8, 1878. the American authority issued a Dispen- sation for the formation of
Guiding Star Lodge, No. 1880, at Zanesville, which was instituted July 30, 1878, by officers from Amity Lodge, at Cambridge, when the fol- lowing officers were chosen and installed : Charles H. Sawyer, N. F. ; Elisha Guy, N. G. ; John H. Hargraves, V. G .; Enoch Harper, P. S .; John Barnell, E. S .: George W. Johnson, sr .. W. T .; Moses Green, P. N. G .; Wm. Pinn, chaplain ; Richard Barnett. right hand. and Alonzo Doles, left hand supporter to the V. G .; George Quales, warden.
Household No. 226, Household of Ruth, was chartered July 10, 1882, with Wm. Jones, Thornton M. Tate, T. J. Brown, C. A. Hogans and E. H. Guy.
Grand Masters Council, No. 82, was chartered May 12, 1884.
Patriarchy, No. 51. was chartered December 14, 1887.
Clay City Lodge. No. 5478. was chartered Au- gust II. 1902.
COLORED MASONS.
Golden Rule Lodge, No. 30, was chartered June 30, 1870, and was a revival of a previous organization. The first officers were: James
A. Guy, worshipful master; Wesley Gazaway, senior warden; Dr. McSimpson, junior warden.
Queen Chapter, No. 15, Royal Arch Masons, was chartered June 20, 1875, with G. W. John- son, high priest; Samuel Guy, king; Wesley Gazaway, scribe.
Malta Commandery, No. 17, Knights Temp- lars, was chartered June 30, 1880, with G. W. Johnson, eminent commander ; Samuel Guy, gen- eralissimo ; James A. Guy, captain general.
Queen Esther Court, No. 9, Eastern Star, was chartered July 8, 1869, with Mrs. Dorcas Tate as most ancient.
The following fraternities have organizations, active or dormant, in the city, but no information respecting their origin has been possible of at- tainment :
Lincoln Council, No. 354, American Legion of Honor.
Jewell Lodge, No. 332, Knights and Ladies of Honor.
Diamond Lodge, No. 1943, Knights and La- dies of Honor.
Zane Hive, No. 129, Ladies of the Maccabees. Putnam Council, No. 162, National Union.
Chapter No. 35, American Insurance Union.
Muskingum Home, Home Guards of America.
Valley Circle, No. 398, Protected Home Cir- cle.
Banner Camp, No. 618, Royal Neighbors.
Court Zane, No. 1294, Independent Order of Foresters.
Clay City Council, No. 101, Order United American Mechanics.
Mainc Council, No. 29, Daughters of Liberty. Myrtle Lodge, No. 44, Knights of Pythias, colored.
Naomi Court, No. 35, I. O. O. C., colored.
CHAPTER XVI.
ZANESVILLE CHURCHIES, COMPRISING METHODIST EPISCOPAL, METHODIST PROTESTANT, WESLEYAN METHODISTS, FREE METHODISTS, AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL, AFRICAN WESLEYAN METHODISTS, PRESBYTERIAN, UNITED PRESBY- TERIAN, BAPTIST, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL, ROMAN CATHOLIC, ENGLISH AND GERMAN LUTH- ERAN, GERMAN EVANGELICAL, UNITED BRETH- REN, CHURCH OF CHRIST, HEBREWS.
FIRST SUNDAY SCHOOL.
The first Sunday school held in Zanesville was convened in the court room, of the court house, in 1816, and the bar and jury benches were used by the assemblage; it was designated a "Union Sunday school," and was promoted by Presbyte- rians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Baptists, and
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PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY.
Lutherans, and did not draw the line on color, as the children of several colored families at- tended. It was more a temporal than spiritual school, as the originators were practical and not theoretical Christians, and desired to supply the means of acquiring the primary branches of an English education and with them instill the prin- ciples of Christian morality. The fees for tuition in the day schools were high and a heavy tax on parents with large families ; where the labor of the children was needed during the week they were growing up in ignorance and it was hoped to remedy this by the Sunday instruction. The sessions lasted from 8 to 10:30 a. m. to permit church services after school, and about thirty attended the first assembly; the teachers alter- nated each Sunday and those not teaching went about the town persuading children to attend; the exercises opened and closed with prayer, and singing was taught as an accomplishment as well as an auxiliary. The only books were Bibles, Testaments, Watts' Hymns and the New England Primer.
Some of the more severe Presbyterians were very much opposed to the school, which they regarded as a desecration of the day, but as its beneficial effects became apparent the denunci- ations changed to encouragement, and another class of objectors alleged that the school was designed for poor children and some of the most indigent parents withdrew their children from what they feared was considered a pauper school. The loafers at the tavern, on the Clarendon site added their sarcastic remarks about it and cul- tivated a low grade of wit in deriding the pupils and teachers, but several men who subsequently achieved some prominence in the community ob- tained their lift, from darkness to light, in the Union Sunday school.
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