USA > Ohio > Fairfield County > Pioneer period and pioneer people of Fairfield County, Ohio > Part 9
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OLD TIME TAVERNS.
m ANY of the first taverns of Lancaster and Fairfield County had odd, and to the present generation, singular names.
Historical characters and animals were drawn upon without stint, and by long association, many of those dear old names revive in the aged and middle-aged sweet memories of the past and associates and friends long since gathered to their fathers.
One of the most striking signs of the early period was that of Samuel Graybill, two miles out of Lancas- ter, on Columbus pike, where the old home still stands. This tavern was called the Green Tree. And there was painted on the sign a large tree, and a pack of hounds, and Graybill on horseback, with a fox on a leaning tree, ready to spring. Fox hunting was the joy of Graybill's life.
Another country sign was the Blue Ball, at the Rock Mill, where George Lantz now lives. This was kept by King, famous for his good fare. One of the early signs was that of Jacob Beck, on Columbus street, where Wm. Getz now lives. On his sign was a large Buck, and with the name of Jacob Beck.
The F. A. Shaffer tavern was in early days called the Washington, with a picture of the general on the sign. Another Washington tavern was in Thornville, kept for some time by Dr. Mayne, before he became a doctor, and settled in Basil. We refer to the father of the late Dr. Wash. Mayne.
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Of Fairfield County, Ohio.
Jacob Walters kept tavern some years where the Betz house now stands. He called his house the Wil- liam Tell, after the famous hero of a Swiss legend. There was a picture of the famous myth with drawn cross-bow and arrow. Col. Noble's tavern was called the Union as early as 1819. It was a log house. but weatherboarded. It burned down in 1832 or '33, and a new brick building of two stories was erected in its place. This was called the Phoenix, after the fabled bird of heathen mythology ; presumably because it had risen from the ashes of the old Union. This tavern was owned by a company - and in about five years it was sold to Darius Tallmadge, and by him greatly im- proved, and the name changed to "Tallmadge House." Another famous hostelry was where the Mithoff now stands. The sign was ornamented with the picture of a large swan. Col. Sager was one of the famous landlords of this inn. There was an old-time tavern on the north side of Main street, near the canal, called the "Golden Sun," with a picture of that luminary in a blaze of glory.
Another old tavern sign will be remembered by a few of our readers. The "Black Horse," kept by Allen House, on East Main street. The building stood near where the fine Binninger residence now stands. No one could go down Main street east and fail to see the black horse. House is said to have entertained Gen. Santa Anna on his way to Washington, incognito, after his battle of San Jacinto.
One of the famous old-time taverns was kept by the Nyes, in Tarlton, and another by Col. Sager, of Oakland. Col. Sager's wife was a Smith, cousin of Robert, of Pleasant township. The Nyes preserved
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Pioneer Period and Pioncer People
for forty years two autograph letters from Henry Clay, who always took his meals at their house.
The good old names are now out of fashion, and only exist in memory, and the modern styles predomi- nate. Such as Hotel Martin, The Kirn, The Mithoff.
The modern hotels excel the old in comfort and convenience, but you cannot convince old-timers that the good fare and good cheer of the old taverns were not the best.
In the old bar room at Fred Shaffer's more than a dozen travelers have been seated and made comfortable, and the evening spent in enjoyable conversation. At least six lawyers have been known to lodge in one room at old-time taverns, and while a game of cards amused the players, the others with a single candle prepared their cases for the next day.
FAIRFIELD COUNTY FAIR.
THE GREAT AGRICULTURAL ATTRACTION OF SOUTHERN OHIO.
HE first county fair was held in the year 1852, There had, some years previous, been an effort made to organize a fair, but it did not succeed, although some prominent men were at the head of it. John T. Brasee, John Reber, Daniel Kutz, Darius Tallmadge, John Shaeffer, Isaac Claypool, John Van Pearse, Daniel Keller, David Huber, John Gill, James W. Pearse, and the Ashbrooks were the leading men in the enterprise, and gave it their time freely, and the full benefit of their example and influence.
The site was on what is now known as the Caffee addition to Lancaster. Eight acres were fenced off, the canal answering for the west side fence. John Reber purchased a boat load of lumber in Cleveland to build the fence. This lumber he afterwards sold with very little loss, and the society did not have much to pay.
John Reber was the first president, Judge John S. Brasee the first secretary, and John Shaeffer the first treasurer.
On the second day John T. Brasce delivered a pre- pared speech to a large and attentive audience. Capt. Joshua Clarke pronounced it the finest speech that he had ever heard. Judge Brasee remembers the speech and says that it was a fine effort.
The premiums offered were small, compared with those paid now, but they drew a fine exhibit of stock.
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Pioneer Period and Pioncer People
Brasee, Reber, D. Kutz, D. Huber, John Gill and Ash- brooks were exhibitors of fine stock. The entire re- ceipts amounted to $825. This sum paid the prem- iums and all expenses.
James W. Pearse exhibited a saddle horse, ridden by his daughter, now Mrs. Matlack, of Lancaster, then a bright and handsome young woman. An accident of some kind caused her to be thrown from her horse, but she was not injured.
In 1853 Mr. Reber purchased the Wright farm. and reserving 13 acres for a fair ground, sold the farm again at a price that gave him the 13 acres without cost to the society.
On this spot, with many additions, the fair has been held for forty-six years. John T. Brasee wrote the original constitution, and it was adopted at a meet- ing held at Shaeffer's hotel.
Reber, D. Kutz, David Huber and Brasee at that time were breeders of fine shorthorn cattle, and Brasee of mules.
From this small beginning referred to, the fair has grown to vast proportions. The early fairs were noted for very large displays of good horses in all classes. At several fairs the number of horse entries was in ex- cess of two hundred, and this at a time when trotting. as it is now understood, was unknown. Reber's splen- did stud of thoroughbred horses was always a great attraction.
Of the outsiders who never held office in the society, but who worked for the interests of the fair for weeks at a time, Dr. Davidson, druggist, is one of the most noted. Dr. Davidson for many years exhibited fine horses, dropping in after Reber's death.
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Of Fairfield County, Ohio.
The old-timers are nearly all gone, and a new gen- eration runs and patronizes our fair. It is still a very live institution, and in good hands. Men are at the helm who wear the mantle of the pioneers in the work with becoming grace and honor.
In the years 1858 and 1859 John A. Fettus was the President, C. M. L. Wiseman, Secretary, and Joseph C. Kinkead Treasurer, there were over 200 horses shown for premiums in the ring. Among them "Old Hoiatoga" and a splendid array of his colts from one to four years of age, the best among them . "Chieftain" owned by Brown of Thonville. Sold as a five year old to Sam Crim for $1800.
FAIRFIELD COUNTY IN THE WEST.
SOME OF ITS SONS WHO HAVE OBTAINED DISTINCTION WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
HE great West is well sprinkled with Fairfield County people. The traveler can scarcely stop anywhere without meeting their smiling, friendly faces. They greet the visitor from the heart and their hospitality is unbounded.
Of those who have become wealthy and attained
· prominent positions and influence in financial circles, Andrew Jackson Snyder, of Kansas City, Missouri, is the most striking and distinguished figure. His youth was one of toil and hardship, but he was honest and in- dustrious. Before he had attained his majority, he was at work on the farm of the late Frederick Lamb, of Walnut township, at ten dollars per month.
Tiring of the farm, he started for the West, and falling in with a recruiting officer, he enlisted in the regular army and served five years. He was a fine specimen of the physical man, tall and well propor- tioned, and was one of the finest types of the athletic American soldier. When he left the army he settled in Montana, then a wild and lawless country. He was soon elected sheriff of his county, an office that then required nerve, strength, courage, and good common sense. The office was no sinecure, for he had to deal with toughs, outlawed characters, robbers and murder- ers.
Through the perilous times of his official life he faithfully performed his duty and brought many men
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Of Fairfield County, Ohio.
to justice. In his official career he accumulated some money and concluded to go to Missouri, which he did. There he met, wooed, won and married a good woman. Kansas City was then attracting the attention of enter- prising men and thither he went. He soon became a leading dealer in cattle and prominent at the stock yards. He prospered and invested in land, stocked it with cattle, and soon earned the title of "Cattle King." His ranch on the plains was said to contain 45,000 acres. He became interested in one of the leading banking institutions of the city and soon was elected its president, a position he still holds. He has long been rated a very wealthy man. Fairfield County has sent out few men (if any) who have been as success- ful in life as the poor boy of fifty years ago, known as Andy Snider of Indian Creek, Richland township. He is devoted to his family, has a fine home and lives in style becoming to his position and wealth. His wife is one of the accomplished and fine looking wo- men of her adopted city. She is the daughter of Noah Beery and the grand-daughter of John Beery, brother of George and Abraham Beery.
Her father moved to northwest Missouri many years ago.
Two sons blessed their union, one of whom, a fine young man, died just as he was budding into man- hood.
The other son is a promising man. He married the daughter of General Richard Oglesby, the bosom friend of Abraham Lincoln and a distinguished ex- soldier.
Fairfield County gave two other men to Missouri who achieved distinction. Samuel Reber and John W.
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Pioncer Period and Pioncer People
Noble. Judge Reber was a son of Valentine Reber, a very prominent pioneer, and was born near Royalton, Ohio. He received a good education and studied law in Lancaster. After admission to the bar he removed to St. Louis, Mo. Here he practiced his profession with success and closed his career on the Common Pleas bench. Judge Reber married a daughter of Gen. Wm. J. Reese. He left a widow and a large family of child- ren. He was himself a member of a very large family of brothers and sisters, all of whom filled honorable and respected positions in life. The best known of his brothers in this county were Thomas and Henry. Ly- man Allen, Wm. L. Clement and Andrew Peters were brothers-in-law. Of this large family but two survive, Mrs. Huber, of Seneca County and Joseph, of Inde- pendence, Mo.
His brother John was at the time of his death one of the wealthiest men in Pickaway County.
John W. Noble was a son of Col. John Noble, one of the pioneers of Lancaster, and for years an honored citizen of both Columbus and Cincinnati. His son John was born in Lancaster a year or two before the Colonel took up his residence in Columbus. We can barely claim him as a Lancaster boy, and must divide the honors with Columbus. His youth was spent both in Columbus and Cincinnati. We do not know where he studied law or when he settled in St. Louis. This is known, however. He graduated at Miami Univer- sity and was a classmate of President Harrison. The acquaintance then formed ripened into friendship and had much to do with his selection in after years as Secretary of the Interior. He was a very capable Cabinet officer, and those who had occasion to meet him pronounced him a courtly gentleman. He returned
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Of Fairfield County, Ohio.
to St. Louis and resumed the practice of law. His brother, Henry Clay Noble, another Lancaster boy, practiced law in Columbus and was for some years a partner of Henry Stanbery.
ENOCH BEERY SEITZ
Enoch Beery Seitz, son of Daniel Seitz, who died in this county was born near Berne, Fairfield County, Ohio, in the year 1841. His parents were farmers and the widow moved from Fairfield to Darke County, where young Seitz was brought up. He graduated at the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1870.
He was a teacher in the public schools of Green- ville for a number of years. He early displayed great aptness for mathematics and devoted his leisure hours to solving the hidden mysteries of numbers. He was a contributor to several magazines devoted to mathe- matics, among them the Mathematical Visitor and the Educational Times, of London, England. His original investigations astonished the world and he was soon classed as one of the great mathematicians of the world. He furnished over five hundred model solu- tions to the School Visitor, in which he displayed great ingenuity and ability.
His special branches were " Average and Proba- bilities," and in them he was acknowledged the super- ior of any man in the whole world.
He ranked with and stood side by side with Wool- home, the mathematical champion of England. He was a born mathematician, and when a mere boy as- tonished his teachers by displaying an ability beyond their comprehension.
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Pioneer Period and Pioneer People
In the year 1880 he was the fifth American to be honored by being elected a member of the London Mathematical Society.
For some time previous to his death he was a professor of mathematics at the State Normal School of Missouri, located at Kirksville.
This brilliant young man died in the prime of life, aged 37 years, in the year 1883. His fame is world wide and his works will endure forever. His remains were buried at Greenville, the scene of his early labors and triumphs.
Dr. Williams, of this county, was a great mathe- matician, but he did not come in contact or touch with the mathematicians of the world, hence his reputation is local, while the name of his friend is known and honored wherever mathematics is taught throughout the world.
The mother of Prof. Seitz was a Beery, a prom- inent family in this county for nearly 100 years. She was a daughter of Abraham Beery, of Rush Creek.
GREENFIELD ACADEMY,
ONE OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY'S EARLY EDUCATIONAL INSTI- TUTIONS. A FULL LIST OF STUDENTS WHO ATTENDED THIS POPULAR SCHOOL.
6 REENFIELD ACADEMY was the most cele- brated and deservedly popular institution of learning known to Fairfield County.
It was founded by Dr. John Williams in the year 1835, and ran a successful career of eleven years, clos- ing in the year 1846.
Dr. Williams was one of the great scholars and educators of the time, and he drew about him and to his school many young men who had a thirst for learning, and who subsequently filled honorable posi- tions in life.
We give herewith the names of students who at- tended Greenfield Academy, alphabetically arranged and without regard to the term or years of their attend- ance. There is no measure of value for such services as Dr. John Williams rendered to the people of this county during his useful life.
STUDENTS OF GREENFIELD
Albright, Henry.
Atwood, John.
Albright, Jacob.
Beck, Geo. W.
Albright, John.
Beery, Geo. W., who
Anderson, Boliver. was a lawyer of Up-
Anderson, S. H. per Sandusky, where Arnold, Doctor. he died recently.
Ashbrook, E. P., who Beery, Simon, who
is now living at died at Urbana, Ohio.
Windsor, Illinois.
Atwater, De W. C.
Biddison, A. (149)
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Pioncer Period and Pioneer People
Black, Charles.
Coulson, Henry.
Black, Henry.
Cunningham, Jno.
Black, John.
Darnell, of Groveport.
Davidson, Dr. A.
Dennison, Nelson W., studied law, married Miss Manson, mov- ed to Iowa, where he died.
Drake, Rev. Lem. Dubble, Henry.
Brundidge, J. H.
Ewing, David.
Breck, Samuel.
Bush, Samuel G.
Campbell, Jas.
Carlisle, Jas. B.
Carlisle, Jefferson.
Carlisle, Basil W., was a prominent citizen of this county, filling with credit many im- portant poistions.
Carlisle, Jas., died out in Arkansas many years ago.
Carnoy, Theo. W.
Cherry, John.
Finnefrock, T. P.
Flattery, Jonathan.
Flattery, Josiah.
Carpenter, Doctor
David, of Chicago.
Carpenter, H. W.
Chaney, Oliver P.
Chaney, Hugh.
Chaney, James. Claypool, Isaac.
Clemens, Alfred.
Clement, Jos. W. Cole, Rev. Thos.
Collins, John A. Collins, Jesse.
Ewing, Thos., recently killed by an accident in New York City. He had a distin- guished career, was Judge of the Supreme Court of Kansas, a major general, a
member of Congress, and a distinguished lawyer.
Finck, Elias.
Finkbone, W. H.
Carnes, Wm.
Carnes, Arthur.
Freed, Abraham. Mr.
Freed, or Prof. Freed, was a farmer and teacher all his life. He was a ripe scholar and a suc- cessful educator. Garaghty, Edw.
Graybill, Edward, who some years since was the treasurer of Fair- field county.
Black, D. S.
Bookwalter, Rev. Isaac H.
Brasee, John S., an
eminent . lawyer of
Lancaster, Ohio.
Brook, James, Greenfield.
o f
Ewing, John.
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Of Fairfield County, Ohio.
Graybill, Isaac.
Graybill, Samuel G.,
became Clerk of the
Court for Shelby County, Ill. He mar- ried a Carlisle.
Glasscock, Samuel.
McCleery, Jas.
Green, Thomas.
McNeill, Dr. Robt.
Greiner, Christian.
McNeill, Robt.
Greiner, Jacob.
McFarland, John.
Grubb, John Q. A.
Martin, Evi.
Harrison, Dixon A.
Martin, Samuel.
Harrison, Jonas. Havens, Joseph.
Miller, Joab.
Hay, Peter.
Miller, W. B.
Hay, Joseph.
Miller, John C.
Hedges, Samuel.
Moore, Levi.
Huber, George.
Nourse, Jos. G.
Hendershott, John.
Orman, Henry.
Hooker, Jared.
Pence, David.
Hooker, Richard.
Hooker, Samuel.
Homrighouse, L.
Perry, O. H.
Peters, Zebulon.
Peters, Newton.
Hutton, Wm.
Palmer, D.
Hite, Geo.
Peters, Wilson, of Marion, Ohio.
Radebaugh, John.
Renshaw, Jos.
Roland, Samuel.
Salter, William.
Sanderson, St. C.
Sanderson, Alex.
Sanderson, Geo.
Schleich, Newton.
Shaeffer, Chas .F.
Shaeffer, Fr. W.
Shaeffer, John.
Shaeffer, Henry.
Shaeffer, Dr. A. H.
Ingman, Henry.
Irvin, John. Jenkins, Wm.
Keller, Simon P.
Kemerer, Em'l.
Kistler, Reuben.
Kerns, Isaac.
Kreider, E. C., now
the postmaster of Jacksonville, Illinois. Langworthy, O. P.
Lewis, Ed., Chilli-
cothe. Lefever, H. C.
Lockart, Thomas, mar- ried a sister of E. C. Kreider and moved to California, where he died.
Lyle, Aaron.
Poorman, Daniel. Perry, Horace.
Huber, Horace.
Hutton, John.
Miller, Jas.
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Pioneer Period and Pioneer People
Shisler, Reuben.
Weaver, Solomon.
Shisler, Emanuel.
White, Thomas.
Shisler, Abraham.
Whitehurst, M. C.
Staley. J. J.
Sites, Geo. L. Smith, Amos.
Sprague, N. H.
Stage, Napoleon.
Stanbury, of Greenfield.
Sweitzer, John.
Strunk, Gabriel.
Talbot, Edward.
Talbot, Benjamin.
Tallmadge, Jas., son of
Darius Tallmadge, and brother of T. W.
Tallmadge, of Wash- ington. He went first to California, thence to South America, where he died.
Tallman, Douglas.
Tallman, brother Douglas.
of
Williams, James.
Williamson, Levi.
Tong, H. B.
Wilson, Ambrose.
Trowbridge, Reese.
Van Meter, Ezra.
Van Pearse, John.
Wagenhals, Dr. Philip M., a once distin-
Williams, E. C.
guished physician of
Wright, Wm.
Lancaster. He died in Columbus, O.
Zink, and
Weakiey, Otho
Weaver, Samuel.
Zimmerman, supposed to be of Lancaster
MISCELLANEOUS
Courtright. ter a few years; he Rev. Gast and Mc- Carty then studied law end moved to Ironton, Ohio.
Nigh. Elias, was a merchant of Lancas-
Scott, Rev. Wm.
Wickizer, John, stud- ied law with H. H. Hunter, and moved to city of Blooming- ton, Illinois, where he became Mayor.
Williams, Alfred, now a clerk in State De- partment, Washing- ton, D. C. The only son of Dr. John Wil- liams He was at one time prosecuting at- torney of this county. He married Miss Hof- fler, niece of H. H. Hunter.
Williams, Willis.
Wright, Silas H., late
Judge of the Common Pleas Court of Fair- field County.
Wygum, Geo. J.
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Of Fairfield County, Ohio.
Glick, Elias.
Beach, Thos.
Wilson, Thos. A.
Reedy, Conrad.
Hamilton, Geo.
Cox, John.
Hunter, James.
Ricketts, Jesse.
Flattery, Lucas.
Julian, L. F.
Coleman, Michael.
Benton, O.
Courtright, Cyrus.
Buchanan, Wilson.
Sharrk, Wm.
Crawford, of Crawford county, O.
Finkbone, Henry.
Beall, Rev. Isaac.
Nigh, Jared.
Pugh, Jas.
Stripe, Jacob.
Lewis, E. E.
Soliday, John; he stud-
Forgay, Jas.
ied medicine and en-
Collins, Enoch.
listed in the Union
Tomlinson, Aaron.
army; died near Sa- vannah, Ga.
Oren, Jesse.
Peters, Jas. W.
Albright, Geo.
Iles, Jacob.
Hoshor, W.
Flattery, Wm. S.
Runner, F. A.
Graham, Benj. R.
Harmon, John.
Huntwork, Jacob.
Young, Wm.
Twigg, John F.
Peters, Henry W.
Ford, John T.
Paul, Truman E.
Griffith, Jos.
Meason, Elijah.
Nisley, A. -
Seeds, James.
Fling, Geo.
Poorman, Henry H.
Jones, David.
Snively, Wm. J.
Culp. Lewis.
Collins, Philemon.
McNeill, Corbin.
Fairchild, Wm. W.
Meyers, Lewis.
Connell, Col. John M., studied law and lived most of his life in
Foster. F. A., Jr.
Hardy. Thos. E. Lancaster; he was the Pratt, F. H. first Colonel of the
Havens, Jos. M.
17th Ohio, Union
Schneider, John. Kerns, Abner. Griffith, David.
army; he was also a member of the Ohio State Senate.
Griffith, James.
Shaw, Virgil E.
Beery, Samuel S.
Koontz, S. C.
Gierhart, Melvin. Ebright, Enoch.
Meason, Isaac.
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Pioneer Period and Pioncer People
Peters, Sam G.
Welsheimer, Phil.
Black, Wm. H.
Reber, Henry, of Pick-
Benadum, Aaron.
away.
Allen, Theodore.
Henderson, David.
Carr, Richard.
Miller, Jonathan.
Newkirk, Michael.
Daugherty, Wm.
Havens, Isaac B.
Baughman, Oliver.
Walters, Jacob M.
Tallman, LaFayette.
Rutherford, C. W.
Rockey, Esq. L. L.
Schneider, Henry.
The little red brick school house, known as Green- field Academy, was torn down a few years since and a frame dwelling erected in its place. The old building was about five miles distant from Lancaster, on the Carroll pike, and just a few yards this side of the Pres- byterian church in Greenfield township. Of the boys whose names have been recorded, but few remain. Death has claimed the large majority of them. Dr. David Carpenter, Dr. H. W. Carpenter, Judge Bra- see, Oliver P. Chaney, E. C. Kreider, are well known men. E. P. Ashbrook, now more than four score, is living in Illinois. Isaac Claypool is also one of the living, as is L. L. Rockey, of Liberty. David Pence and Samuel H. Anderson are well known farmers of Pleasant township.
There is a tradition that James G. Blaine attended Greenfield Academy, but it is a mistake. Mr. Blaine, while on the car in full view of the old brick acad- emy, said to the writer, " I did not attend the school of Dr. Williams, I was only a visitor in Lancaster in 1840."
EARLY PEDAGOGUES.
SOME EARLY AND WORTHY TEACHERS OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY.
771 E will name a few teachers of old time who were good scholars, especially in certain lines, and many of them taught fairly well. The schools of the period we refer to were taught in log school houses, benches without backs, with writ- ing desk along the wall; many of the houses were poorly heated and destitute of every comfort or con- venience. The scholars ranged from six years up to stalwart men and women of about twenty-one. years. Many of them were rude and unruly and went to school for fun. The teacher who kept good order was rare and he had his hands full. The rod, a good hickory, was relied upon by the teacher. In many cases boys were flogged unmercifully-they deserved it, and parents seldom interfered. Indeed, it was cus- tomary for fathers to tell their boys, if your are whipped at school and I hear of it you will get an- other at home."
There was one well authenticated case when the teacher was told that he could never manage the school and the names of the rowdy boys were given to him. He procured a few good hickory withes and on the first day of school he met the boys at the door, ask- ing each his name. He severely flogged each one and told them that that was the way he commenced, and if necessary he would keep it up. The parents did not complain and he conducted the school without any trouble. The boys who received the flogging had
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Pioneer Period and Pioneer People
broken up two or three schools. Then schools were a very poor place to study, but if the teacher had a fair ·chance, good places to get instruction, and the ambi- tious boy thirsting for learning fared very well in spite of his surroundings. Occasionally a teacher could be found unworthy of the name. A school was once taught in Pleasant township by one of this class. A visitor noticed a Latin book on his desk and inquired if he taught Latin. He replied in the negative and his attention was called to the book. He then remarked that one of his scholars had used that book for his reading lesson since he came to the school-and he thought the language was rather strange. On another occasion one of his scholars came to him to explain a page of his arithmetic devoted to bookkeeping. The teacher told him that he could not explain the matter as it referred to surveying. We are pleased to know that there were not many such teachers, even among the old-timers. To the list of old teachers we must add the names of Thomas Ewing and Hocking H. Hunter-their teaching was only temporary. One of the greatest liberties taken with the teacher by the scholars, and tolerated, and in many cases encouraged and promoted by the parents, was the barring out of the master at Christmas time, if he refused to treat the school. Two or three bushels of apples were generally more than sufficient to satisfy their wants. If the teacher refused-and they often did-the door was barred, the windows defended and the master kept out until he relented, if it required a whole week. This custom was universal 60 years ago-all old men re- member it.
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