USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > The Cincinnati pioneer > Part 9
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. Next, and second in order, came the 'Indians, of whom we have knowledge. There is no record to show how they got here, or of their origin. But we know that they were not the aborigines. They were the Shawnees, Pottawatomies, Delawares, etc. The Shawnees came from Georgia and Tennessee. They were more civilized than the other tribes. They came through Kentucky to Ohio. Kentucky never had a resident race of Indians. That was the "dark and bloody ground " where the Indians went to fight, but not to live. To show the acuteness of this race, it must be understood that most of the important cities of the State were built upon the sites of the old Indian towns. Cincinnati was one, and Wayne's flag floated from the staff erected upon an Indian mound in the western part of the city. Chillicothe, Newark, and other places, are located where Indian towns
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once stood. All this proved the sagacity of the Indians. The Dela- wares and the Senecas came from the East. It was supposed, from the peculiar shape of the crania found in the mounds, that the Wyan- dots were the true aborigines. But such was not the case. The Wyandots came from the North-west. Thus, from the North-west, the East, and the South, came the tribes whom we could identify as the second in the series of the occupants of the soil of Ohio.
The third in the progression of settlement were the missionary pioneers. Long before Marietta was built, the Moravian mission- aries were doing their Christian work among the Indians; but these missionaries were slaughtered. Post and Heckewelder will long be remembered for their missionary labors. The "Memoir of George Frederick Post " is a book which no one can read without being deeply affected by the depth of piety and the emotional character of that devoted man.
The fourth, which is the present race, are those whom we pleased to call the Pioneers. The first settlement by these was made at Ma- rietta, next at Cincinnati, then at Manchester, and afterward Chilli- cothe and its neighborhood. These adventurous people belonged to no inferior class. The larger proportion were men of intelligence and character. Many of them were possessed of means, and were able to accomplish much good. They were men, too, of religious convictions. It was such men that laid the foundation of the State. There were no such settlers to give character to California and Arizona. Marietta was settled by officers and soldiers of the army of the Revolution. Cincinnati was settled by the Burnets, the St. Clairs, Ludlows, and Ganos. The character of these pioneers made Ohio what it is-the best example of a republican State on earth. But we have no pioneers now-none have existed for thirty years. The railroads and the telegraph came in, and the pioneer ceased to be a character in our population. The emigrants to In- diana and Illinois could not be classed as pioneers. Many of them were able, by the facilities of transportation, to take even the pianos of their daughters with them. The only men who could now be classed as pioneers were the soldiers on the borders of Colorado and Texas. The speaker had some boyish recollections of pioneer days in Ohio. It was seventy years since, when a child, that he came to Ohio. His father was engaged in running the meridian lines in Indiana when there was but one white settlement in the territory- that at Vincennes. Then wolves and deer were shot on the ground
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where Cincinnati now stands. He remembered seeing a tall, spare, well-built man, with a dark skin, ride up to his father's house, one day, to make some inquiry about the lines which his father had run. It was Little Turtle, the Indian Chief, the last great spirit of the Indian race. After the victory of General Wayne, Little Turtle laid aside his weapons of war, settled near Greenville, and finally died of the gout, a disease which has always been considered as a peculiarity of aristocratic people. When he came to die, he requested that the big guns should be fired over him, and the flag waved over his grave ; and the white men paid this last tribute to his memory. .
The speaker said his father sold a quarter-section of land, near Cincinnati, to a settler; and he remembers the man riding up to his father's door, taking a pair of saddle-bags from the horse, and empty- ing the contents on the table. It was the settler who had come to make his first payment on the quarter-section ; and it was. made in " cut-money," the peculiarity of which was, that a dollar, by the cut- ting process, yielded five quarters. There is a good deal of talk about currency and interest now, but the greenbacks were better than any currency we ever had; and twelve per cent interest would not make a show alongside of the old way of getting five quarters out of a silver dollar. The other samples of the old-time currency in Tennessee and West Virginia were furnished by coon-skins and tobacco-rolls.
The speaker gave some of the characteristics and experiences of the pioneer doctors and lawyers. Dr. Goforth, of Cincinnati, was a gentleman of the old school ; he wore a powdered wig, and carried a gol I-headed cane. The doctor, like others of his profession, would ride five, eight, or ten miles, of a dark night, to visit a patient, and re- ceive, without complaint, the regular price of a visit,-feed for his horse, and a cut quarter in cash. Dr. Goforth emigrated to Louis- iana, and wrote a long letter to the Senior Mansfield, in which, among other things, he said, "that if ever there was a hell upon earth, New Orleans was the place."
Referring to the lawyers of the North-western Territory, the speaker said that they practiced in the courts from Detroit-in what is now Michigan-to Vincennes, in the present State of Indiana ; and all but two of them died drunkards. They were, for the most part, able and brilliant men. No such a thing as a temperance society was known in those days. His father's table always bore a variety of spirits, whisky included. In Cincinnati there are now three hundred
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lawyers. Not one in ten are intemperate. Of thirty-six lawyers registered there in 1826, eight are living to-day.
People, in these days, are seeking for indestructible material for monuments in cemeteries. But the monument of character was a better commemoration ; it would outlast the marble and the granite. Horace, the Latin poet, two thousand years ago, said, "I have erected a monument more durable than brass ;" and Horace still lives in the remembrance of all civilized nations. Tacitus, another Roman, declared, "Agricola shall live narrated by Tacitus." Agri- cola was not one of the foremost men of his nation ; but he outlived many who were more distinguished. Monuments will decay ; but character, never ! The virtues of the pioneers will be told as long as history lives. All' honor to the soldiers of the Revolution who first made a settlement in Ohio. Honor to the pioneers of Mont- gomery County. If I could confer upon them all the distinction that Tacitus gave to Agricola, I would declare it now.
This, of course, is but an outline of the address of Mr. Mansfield. The closing passages were exceedingly touching and eloquent ; and as the speaker sat down, he was greeted with a round of applause.
On motion of Robert W. Steele, the thanks of the Association were tendered to Mr. Mansfield for his able and instructive address.
The following officers were elected for the present year: Presi- dent-H. L. Brown. Vice-Presidents-James Thompson, Jackson Township ; Charles Spinning, Dayton ; John Furnas, Butler ; William Neibert, Miami; John Bell, Harrison. Secretary-H. D. Stout. Treasurer-R. W. Steele. Chaplain-David Winters.
NOTICE! -
HAVE, from long-continued search into the local history of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and " the Territory North- west of the Ohio," secured valuable items-original and interesting-which I have concluded to glean from and publish, · from time to time, in pamphlets of a few pages, in -type easily to be read by Pioneers.
The series may include, in successive numbers of "THE Cry- CINNATI PIONEER," ---
Biographical Sketch of Judge John Cleves Syinmes, with Notes of North Bend, and the Settlement of Symmes' Purchase of Lands between the two Miamis.
The early Courts of Hamilion County, and the Federal Courts of the North-west Territory.
A List of the early Marriages of Hamilton County and the Pioneer Preachers.
The Pioneer Lawyers of Hamilton County and the North- west Territory.
The Territorial Legislative Bodies, before the organization of the State of Ohio.
List of Members of the General Assembly of Ohio, by Coun- ties, end Officers thereof since organisation in 1803.
The Nerspapers of Cincinnati for the first half century, from the Pioneer " Centinel of the North-west Territory," 1994. The early Schoolmasters of Cincinnati and vicinity.
The Woodward and Hughes High-schools of Cincinnati, with Steel-plate Engravings. .
An Ohio Leaf of the Burr-Blennerhassett Treason Trial, with fac-simile of "Cipher" used by Burr.
If intrusted with important papers or information, proper credit, with thanks, will be given therefor.
JOHN D. CALDWELL
CINCINNATI O., June, 1871.
3
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DOUBLE NO
No. S. JOLY, 1972.
& VTS.
CULT, 1875.
Cincinnati
Mioneer.
EDITED BY JOHN D. CALDWELL,
Secretary Cincinnati Pioneer Association.
CONTENTS
*Fac-simile of Log-cabin Homestead, in Indiana, of Bishop Roberts, M. E. Church.
Proceedings Cincinnati Pioneers at Pike's Opera-house, July 4, 1874-Fourth of July Celebrations in Cincinnati from early Day-Historical Address of Gov- ernor WM. ALLEN.
Proceeding- Cincirua.i Pioneers at City Connell Chamber, April 7. 1875-Ad- dress by the President, E. D. MANS- FIELD-Eighty-seventh Anniversary of First & arleneat . f Ohio-A Lines of HowikD Brswas
Excursion of Cincinnati Pioneers to Chil- licothe, O., May 28, 1975; the grand re- ·ception. addresses, and entertainment there -- Pioneer Sermon at P. E. Church, Chillicothe, Rev. A. R. STUART.
Proceedings Cincinnati Pioneers, at City Council Chamber, July 4. 1575 --- Poems, " The Pioneers to the Flag." "Our Homes in Cincinnati" -- Historical Memoranda as to First Settlement of Chillicothe -- Names of Entertainees of the Pioneers at Chillicothe -- New Members.
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CINCINNATI, OHIO:
PUBLISHED BY JOHN D. CALDI .DWELL
No. 4-JULY, 1874. No. b-JULY, 1876.
Double Number-Price, Fifty Cents.
THE
CINCINNATI PIONEER.
Edited by
JOHN D. CALDWELL,
SECRETARY OF THE CINCINNATI PIONEER ASSOCIATION.
ontente:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CINCINNATI PIONEERS AT PIKE'S OPERA-HOUSE, JULY 4, 1874-HISTORICAL MEMORANDA-FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATIONS IN CINCINNATI -- HISTORICAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM ALLEN.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CINCINNATI PIONEERS AT CITY COUNCIL CHAMBER, APRIL 7, IS;5-AD- DRESS BY THE PRESIDENT, E. D. MANSFIELD -- EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF OHIO-ADDRESS OF HOWARD DUNLEVY.
EXCURSION OF CINCINNATI PIONEERS TO CHILLICOTHE, OHIO, MAY 28, 1875 -- THE GRAND RECEP- TION, ADDRESSES, AND ENTERTAINMENT THERE-" PIONEER" SERMON AT PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, CHILLICOTHE, REV. A. R. STUART.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CINCINNATI PIONEERS AT CITY COUNCIL CHAMPER, JULY 4, 1375 -- POEMS, " THE PIONEERS TO THE FLAG," "OUR HOMES IN CINCINNATI "-HISTORICAL MEMORANDA AS TO THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF CHILLICOTHE-NAMES OF ENTERTAINERS OF THE PIC- NEERS AT CHILLICOTHE.
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CINCINNATI, O .: PUBLISHED BY JOHN D. CALDWELL, No. 233 West Fourth Street. .
CINCINNATI PIONEER ASSOCIATION.
1812, 4th July-Residents in Ohio may become members, paying fee of $1. 1815, 4th July -- If on or before, as residents, or born in Ohio, may become mem- bers, $2.
OFFICERS 1873-4.
STEPHEN S. L'HOMMEDIEU,*
PRESIDENT.
WILLIAM P. STRATTON,
VICE- PRESIDENT.
JEREMIAH M. CLARK
CORRESPONDING SEC'Y.
JOHN D. CALDWELL,
. RECORDING SEC'Y.
ADOLPHUS CARNES,
TREASURER.
WILLIAM MOODY,
SERGEANT-AT-ARMS.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. B. DENNIS, HENRY M. BATES,
HIRAM DECAMP, * Died, May, IS75.
J. M. CLARK,
JOHN K. COOLIDGE.
OFFICERS 1874-5.
HON. EDWARD D. MANSFIELD,
PRESIDENT.
ISAAC MACFARLAND, .
VICE-PRESIDENT.
ADOLPHUS CARNES,
TREASURER.
J. M. CLARK, .
CORRESPONDING SEC'Y.
. JOHN D. CALDWELL,
RECORDING SEC'Y.
WILLIAM MOODY,
SERGEANT-AT-ARMS.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. B. DENNIS,
HIRAM DECAMP,
J. K. COOLIDGE,
J. M. CLARK,
H. M. BATES.
Former Numbers-Nos. 1, 2, and 3, in one cover, 50 cents. Nos. 4 and 5, in one cover, 50 cents.
The five numbers in one cover, $1.00. Muslin cover, $1.25.
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THE
CINCINNATI PIONEER.
NUMBER 4-JULY, 1874.
Celebration of the Fourth of July, 1874.
From the Cincinnati Enquirer of July 5, 1874.
THE PIONEERS AT PIKE'S OPERA-HOUSE, FOURTH OF JULY, 1874-SPEECH AND GREETINGS FROM GOVERNOR ALLEN-HISTORICAL ADDRESS BY JOHN D. CALD- WELL-GRAPHIC DETAILS OF OHIO'S PAST-" MOVING ACCIDENTS BY FIELD AND FLOOD" -- THE STRUGGLES OF YOUTH AND THE CLORIES OF AGE.
YESTERDAY, the ninety-eighth anniversary of American Independ- ence was celebrated, as usual, by the Pioneers of this vicinity, in reviv- ing memories of frontier life and hardship. The announcement that the Governor of the State, a white-haired veteran, nearly seventy years of age, had kindly consented to address them, was enough to crowd Pike's Opera-house, if the thermometer had been ten degrees higher than it was. The body of the hall was reserved specially for the old people, and though many of them were also on the wings and in the galleries, those parts were occupied by a younger tribe, sturdy enough to stand in the aisles when sitting room was not to be had. All the Pioneers who could possibly come were certainly at Pike's yesterday to enjoy the interesting feast of reason.
We were somewhat astonished to see how many of them are still left, and though many have reached the "sans every thing " stage, " piping in childish treble," and totter feebly on a staff, there still seem a large number hale and hearty, some even rosy under their burden of white hair and Pioneer reponsibilities.
On the stage were His Excellency the Governor, between Mayor Johnson and his namesake, the Mayor of Avondale. Then there were Robert Buchanan, Thomas H. Yeatman, Peter Gibson, Judge Yaple, William Corry, the Hon. George E. Pugh, E. B. Reeder, Jacob Hoffner,
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and Dr. Vattier. In addition to these, Elder W. P. Stratton and Sec- retary John D. Caldwell.
The meeting was opened about half-past two o'clock, by Elder .W. P. Stratton. He stated that, by an accident, Bro. Stephen S. L'Hommedieu, the worthy President of the Association, was unable to attend the festival occasion, and that the duty of engineering the meeting would therefore devolve upon him, and he trusted to the for- bearance of the audience for any imperfections. Then, reading the 150th Psalm, the metrical version was sung by the old people, under the leadership of Professor Lemon ; and this over, prayer was delivered .by Rev. Dr. Montfort.
The next thing in order was to express the patriotism appropriate for the day by all joining again under the same leadership in the "Star Spangled Banner," the finest by all odds of our national hymns. Pro- fessor Lemon kept up bravely enough during the first verse, but if you had simply heard the singer when he was on the high chords of the second verse, without seeing him, you would have thought his voice belonged to a Pioneer. But the old song was sung with a great deal of fervor by the audience, and Professor Lemon's assistance was valu- able and kind.
MR. CALDWELL'S ADDRESS.
THE President stated at the close of the song that Mr. John D. Caldwell had kindly prepared some statistics of the celebrations of the Fourth in days of the past, and Mr. Caldwell was accordingly intro- duced. The Secretary of the association was received with applause, and produced his manuscript. At the end of the first forty minutes he had reached the year 1819, and the thermometer was ninety-eight
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degrees in the shade ; but we print the address in full, and assure the public that the materials for it have not only been artistically, but entertainingly arranged.
THE "FOURTH IN 'DAYS LANG SYNE.'"
Retrospection is the fruitful source of intellectual improvement and delight.
Confining our review merely in outline to the prominent celebrations of the Fourth of July in Cincinnati, for even sixty years of its exist- ence, one minute each would consume one hour of your time.
Before Cincinnati was settled, and all the present tract of Ohio was a wilderness, the first home of civilization on this soil was at the mouth of the Muskingum, which from April 7th to July was called Adelphi, when, on the 4th of July, 1788, it was named Marietta. At Fort Harmar, the military station at that point, the United States cannon thundered forth loud peals in honor of the twelfth anniver- sary of the Declaration of American Independence. The oration was delivered by Judge Varnum, who had arrived one month before, bring- ing with him Mrs. Owen, the first woman who joined the settlement.
1788. December 3d, Major Benjamin Sites ; site Columbia ; 945 inlots.
EARLY TIMES IN CINCINNATI.
1789. A party of less than thirty, mostly surveyors, made the set- 'lement at this point, two days before the Ist of January.
July. Judge Symmes received delegation of Indians at North Bend.
1790. By the time the Fourth of July came this year, Fort Wash- ington had been erected at this point, and Governor St. Clair organ- ized the courts of Hamilton County. A Federal salute of thirteen guns was fired from the fort, and a military parade.
1791. The Indians threatening to make a slaughter-house of the Miami settlement,-Harmar had been defeated,-General St. Clair musters aid from adjacent States. Major Israel Ludlow's residence, on the west side of Main Street, near Front, the only frame building in Cincinnati. The artificer's yard of the fort, in the Fall, was the scene of pioneer industry and expediency to patch up ill-constructed and ill-fitted arms for the army, which, under St. Clair, was defeated on the fatal 4th of November.
1792. General Wilkinson in command of Fort Washington.
Columbia, at the mouth of the little Miami, being a settlement several weeks older than Cincinnati, was the home of the Spencers,
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Goforthis, Gancs, and others, who came to Cincinnati to the business of the courts. It was to participate in a celebration of the Fourth of July in this year, that Oliver M. Spencer, then a lad of nine years, afterward a famous Methodist preacher, came from Columnbia to Cin- cinnati, and, on his walking along the beach above the town to return home, he was captured by Indians, and was returned from Detroit after months of captivity.
1793. November 9th, the first newspaper, the Centinel of the North-western Territory, was started here by William Maxwell. His son still survives, a member of this Pioneer Association.
1794. A salute from Fort Washington, Captain Pierce in command. Dinner at Gordon's, in the frame house of Ludlow.
1795. The day was celebrated in a dinner at Gordon's Hotel, thir- teen regular toasts ; and at Columbia, fifteen regular toasts. Peace secured by Wayne at Greenville.
1796. The Fourth of July was celebrated by the first party that reached Conneaut, Western Reserve. Not a settler in all that part of the State.
1797. Federal salute. Dinner at Yeatman's, sign of the square and compass. Mr. Kemper offers his one hundred and fifty-four acres on Walnut Hills at seven dollars an acre !
1798. Captain Ed. Miller, father of Mrs. Strong, at Fort Washing- ton. Territorial Legislature in Cincinnati. Winthrop Sargent ap- pointed Governor of Mississippi Territory. W. H. Harrison appointed Secretary of the North-west Territory. Muster on the Fourth of July ; Daniel Symmes, Lieutenant-Colonel of Battalion ; Captain Smith's militia.
1799. On May 28th, the second paper, the Spy, was started. On the 4th the military from the fort were in procession. Dinner at Yeat- man's, at Sycamore and Front Streets. Address by Governor St. Clair.
1800. William H. Harrison was appointed Governor of Indiana Territory ; Charles W. Byrd became Secretary of North-western Terri- tory. On the 4th the Republicans dined at Major Zeigler's, next door to Yeatman's. At Columbia, dinner at Frazer's ; sixteen toasts.
ISor. The Thespians; a city theater, in Artificer's Yard.
July 4th-At Yeatman's, Governor St. Clair present; sixteen rounds fired by Cincinnati Light Infantry. On the rock at Republican Spring, near where the present new reservoir is, Judge Symmes, President. At Columbia, presided over by Major Goforth.
1802. The first Court-house erected. Ohio coming in as a State.
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Sermon on Sunday by Matthew Green Wallace. July 4th-Dinner at Major Ruffin's, Lawrence and Front Streets. Republicans celebrate it at George Fithian's ; song by Daniel Symmes. At Columbia, dinner at Major Perry's.
Cincinnati now first has a Town Council. A meeting of citizens was called at the Court-house to determine by a vote if the Council should expend $46; it was adopted. Of this sum $12 was to pay for six fire-ladders and $12 for six fire-hooks-a liberal start to commence a Volunteer Fire Department.
1803. Property becoming important, the Government gave up Fort Washington, on this side of the river; but made reparation by the pur- chase of land at the mouth of the Licking River, on the Kentucky side," from General Taylor, to erect thereon a magazine and arsenal. July 4th -- Captain Smith's Infantry parade at Anderson's and Ruffin's. Dinner on the banks of the Ohio, below Mill Creek, at Ewing and M'Collum's. Oration by Matthew Nimmo. At Columbia-Dinner at Thomas Frazer's, Mr. Spencer presiding, assisted by Colonel Arm- strong ; General J. S. Gano in attendance.
1804. In this year, at the Fourth of July Celebration of the Society of the Cincinnati, in New York City, General Hamilton and Aaron Burr both met at the dinner without their secret transpiring that they had agreed (with Colonel Nathaniel Green Pendleton's father, the second of Hamilton) to meet in mortal combat on the rIth instant. General Hamilton fell. July 4th-At the Republican Celebration here a bower was built in front of the Court-house, Fifth and Main Streets ; Judge Symmes presided. Oration by Thomas Rawlins ; dinner.
1805. At this time the population of Cincinnati was 960 ; 53 log cabins, 109 frames, 6 brick, 4 stone houses. Stone-Jesse Hunt's, Columbia, near Eastern Row ; Aaron Goforth's, Walnut, below Fourth ; Andrew Lemon's, Water Street ; Joel Williams's, Water Street. Brick- Elmore Williams, Main and Fifth; Miami Bank, Front, near Main; Nimmo's, Main, near Fourth; Judge Burnet's, Vine, near Fourth; next year-John W. Brown's office; Liberty Hall, east end Lower Market- house.
July 4th-Republicans at the bower in front of the Court-house ; Lieutenant Elmore Williams, with a troop of light dragoons, parade ; Judge Symmes, President; Matt. Nimmo, Vice-President; Thomas Rawlins orator ; Captain Smith, with light infantry, to Beechen Grove ; dinner ; nineteen toasts : "Our fair countrywomen, our best solace in
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adversity and our brightest ornament in prosperity ; may every mother be a Cornelia and every son a Gracchus." Captain M'Farland's volunteer toast : "A hard-trotting horse, a porcupine saddle, a cob web pair of breeches, and a long journey to the enemies of America." At Columbia-Colonel Spencer presided, assisted by Colonel Arm- strong ; dinner at Thomas Hinkinson's ; seventeen toasts : "The vir- tuous American fair -- may they never bestow their smiles on a traitor or a coward." At Newport, Kentucky --- Washington Berry presided ;
"The American fair-may they never frown on the true friends of their country." The Thespians met in the upper part of the stable in the rear of General Findlay's, back of the present Spencer House ;- Ben. Drake, Thomas H. Sill, Lieutenant Totten, Dr. Stall, and others. 1806. At stone stable, near Yeatman's Tavern, the Thespians had a theater. They played " Poor Gentleman." Alluding to Yeatman's sign, the couplet ran :
" To call in customers we need to raise no rumpus ;
You can't mistake the sign; 't is Yeatman's square and compass."
At the opening, General Finlay delivered an address. Major Zeigler kept door, dressed in a cocked hat, knee breeches, and sword in hand.
July 4th-Republican dinner at Disbrow's, Fifth and Main, attended by uniformed volunteers ; repaired to spring above Deer Creek ; Dan. Symmes, President ; W. Goforth, Vice-President. Song, by J. Delaplaine ; oration, by Elias Glover, Esq. Daniel Gano, captain of a boy's company of infantry; Captain J. Ferguson, Light Dragoon Company. The Select Council dined at Yeatman's-John S. Gano, George Gordon, and Andrew Burt, present.
1807. July 4th-Captain Wheeler's company of artillery ; dinner in a beechen grove, near Mound. Reader, William M'Farland ; orator, Thomas Henderson. Married by Cornelius Sedam-Nathaniel Terwillager, aged sixty, to an amiable young lady, turned of twenty, both of Sycamore Township.
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