USA > Ohio > Mercer County > The Farm Journal illustrated directory of Mercer County, Ohio : with a complete road map of the county, 1916 > Part 22
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25
.
182
*
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS. CELINA-Carlin & Carlin GILBERG & CO. See adv. Keel, Geo. W.
PULSKAMP, GEO. F., W. Market St. See adv. SNYDER, F. A. See adv. Standard Printing Co. COLDWATER-CHRONICLE PRINTING Co. See adv. Coate, H. D. & B.
FORT RECOVERY-MANNIX, EMMET. See adv.
MENDON-Geiger, F.
ROCKFORD-KINDER, GEO. R. See adv.
PUMPS. CELINA-Celina Manufacturing Co., The MERCER-Shupp, A. A.
QUARRY. CELINA-Karch, John W.
1
ATTENTION, MR. FARMER! GET YOUR GRAIN IN THE SACK NOT IN THE STACK.
WHEN YOU WANT YOUR THRESHING, CLOVER HULLING, SHREDDING, HAY BALING AND WOOD BUZZING DONE CALL ON
1
Clarence F. Beitler
R. R. No. 5
ROCKFORD, OHIO Your Work will be Heartily Appreciated
WALL PAPER STATIONERY.
DRUGS
WATCH and JEWELRY REPAIRING
E. B. HALE
The REXALL Store
Phone 49
MENDON, OHIO
PAINTS TRUSSES
183
MERCER COUNTY
REAL ESTATE. CELINA-BORMAN, W. O., Feldheiser Bldg. See adv. Hamburger & Choate Murlin, L. M. Wagner, Ira MERCER-Risen, E. E.
ROCKFORD-Dilbone, Ansel Dull, A. P.
RESTAURANTS.
CELINA -- Ashcraft, L. R.
Beiersdorfer, W. J.
Blossom, Chas. A.
Borger, Wm. J.
Dues, Frank
Fayette Restaurant
Hesser, T. A.
Merkle, Wm.
Reed & Rivett Schlenker, Fred
COLDWATER-Becker & Son Rhodes, Wm.
FORT RECOVERY-Volz, G. J. Wilson, Wm. D. Wolfe, Wm. I.
MENDON-Norbeck, B. F. White, C. L.
ROCKFORD-Doran, J. H. Husted, W. W. King, E. B. Manley, R. S. Redman, Walter
ROOFERS.
CELINA-McComb, Chas. ROCKFORD-Smith, Geo.
: SALOONS.
CASSELLA-Grevencamp, Leo.
CELINA-Depweg, Jos. A.
Hemmert, C. J.
Hemmert, M. J.
Kreimendahl, Otto
Simon & Gagle
Winans, Elijah
Wolf, F. J.
CHICKASAW-Depweg, L. T. Hein, Joseph Reier, A. B.
CHATTANOOGA-Gibbons, Perry . Heffner, Fred
COLDWATER-Baker, Chas. Giere, F. M.
Moeller, Jos.
Rosenbeck, F. J.
SHOES
1
One way to save is to get the most you can for your money. Roemer's shoes mean that Kind of saving.
The J. A. ROEMER CO. CELINA
184
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
SALOONS-Continued.
FORT RECOVERY-Bryan & Burke Reinders, Wm. Steinle & Vogel
MARIA STEIN-Wildenhaus, Aug. Wissman, Anthony MONTEZUMA -- Long, A. C. PADUA-Wellman, Mrs. Mary A. SAINT HENRY-Rengers Bros. Vondrell & Sunderhaus ZENZ CITY-Reinders, Wni.
SECOND-HAND GOODS.
CELINA-Blake, T. J. Fauger, Frank
JACKSON, C. B., 415 S Main St. See adv.
Landfair, R. A.
MENDON-Protsman, J. M., & Son
ROCKFORD-Hinkle, Theo. W.
SHOES.
CELINA-HELLWARTH, ED F., W Fayette St. See adv.
Newcomb & Zimpfer ROEMER, J. A., CO., THE. See adv. Schunck, P. H.
CHATTANOOGA-Germann, A. COLDWATER-Fox, Edw. H. Link, Jacob
FORT RECOVERY-BEACH, ADAM. See adv.
Bosse Shoe Store Hildbold, Leo
Montgomery-Mayers Shoe Co., The MARIA STEIN-Goecke, John B.
PADUA-Schenking, Bernard
ROCKFORD -- Long, W. N. Pinn, John F., & Co.
SAINT HENRY-Lammers, B. J.
SHOE REPAIRERS.
CELINI-Froning, Aug. Van Wormer, Frank
CHICKASAW-Bomholt, J. FORT RECOVERY-Hooper, B. C. Schlenbecker, Peter MENDON-Donart, J. W.
ROCKFORD Robinson, Frank
VICTORIA-Schencking, Theo.
STATIONERY. CELINA-KINDELL'S DRUG STORE, W Fayette St. See adv. MENDON-HALE, E. B. See adv.
STOVES.
CELINA-Brysan, Elmer CELINA HARDWARE co., W Fayette St. See adv.
FORT RECOVERY-Burkheimer & Schind- ler Scheid, Chas. T.
ROCKFORD -- Hunter, Wm. T.
SAINT HENRY-Panning, John SAINT HENRY HARDWARE CO. See adv.
TAILORS. CELINA-COPELAND, W. H., 114 W Favette St. See adv.
Gottlieb, Wm. Link, Charles COLDWATER-Franks, F. A.
FORT RECOVERY-Sommers, Otto
ROCKFORD-Fair, J. B.
TELEPHONE COMPANIES.
CELINA-Celina and Mercer County , Telephone Co., The FORT RECOVERY-Fort Recovery Tele- phone Co., The
Established 1895 W. H. MAY
Funeral Director and Embalmer
LADY ASSISTANT. LONG PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE. PERFECT EQUIPMENT, AUTO HEARSE AND AMBULANCE. QUALITY AND ECONOMY. ALSO COMPLETE STOCK OF FURNITURE AT REASONABLE PRICES.
FT. RECOVERY, OHIO
185
MERCER COUNTY
TELEPHONE COMPANIES Continued. MARIA STEIN-Marion Telephone Co., The
ROCKFORD-Rockford Telephone Ex-
change Co., The Rockford Toll Line & Telephone Co., The
THRESHERS.
CELINA-Ballinger, G. M. Feltz, Edw. MARIA STEIN-Griesdorn, Julius
ROCKFORD- BEITLER, CLARENCE F. R5. Sec adv. SAINT HENRY-Hartings, J. H.
TILE MANUFACTURERS.
CHICKASAW-Chickasaw Tile Co. DURBIN-Roettger, W. H.
FORT RECOVERY-Fort Recovery Tile Co., The MARIA STEIN-Goccke, Jos. MENDON-Fox, L. E.
MERCER-Hines & Roettker ROCKFORD-King, W. H. SAINT HENRY-Winklejohn, H. M.
TINNERS.
CELINA-McComb, Chas. K. Winters, A. A. (Mrs. G. W.) CHATTANOOGA-Smith Bros. COLDWATER -- Gast, J. R. Wapelhorst, Henry
FORT RECOVERY-King, Wm. F. MARIA STEIN-Adams & Gocke Fahrig, Mathias R.
PADUA-Wellman, Win. ROCKFORD-Ricketts, Geo. I.
UNDERTAKERS.
CELINA-McDaniel & Meister
PULSKAMP, H. & F., 214-16 W Fayette St. Sce adv. CHICKASAW-MEYER, WM. P. Scc adv. COLDWATER-DESCH, J. R. Scc adv. FORT RECOVERY-FRANKS & BONVIL- LAIN. Sec adv. MAY, W. H. Sec adv. MARIA STEIN-Goceke, Henry MENDON-Dick & Lutz
ROCKFORD-Ketcham, Win., & Sons SAINT HENRY-Schmitt & Tohle
VETERINARIANS.
COLDWATER-Dabbelt, A. H. FORT RECOVERY-Morningstar, Earl SAINT HENRY-Brands, Frank J.
WALL PAPER. CELINA-KINDELL'S DRUG STORE, W Fayette St. Scc adv. FORT RECOVERY-Bissell, V. H. MENDON-HALE, E. B. Sec adv. SAINT HENRY-Bany, Mrs. Anna Lechleiter, Julius
ADAM BEACH The Shoe Man
Shoes for the whole Family Established 1887 Ft. Recovery, Ohio
R. H. HAMILTON
CATTLE, HORSES, SHEEP
AND HOGS
YOUNG BULLS AND HEIFERS
MARES AND COLTS
BREEDING EWES AND LAMBS
YOUNG BOARS AND SOWS
Tell me what you want. I have it or will get it for you. R. F. D. No. 1
MENDON, OHIO
186
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
SPRAYING FORMULAS
FUNGICIDES .- Bordeaux mixture is made by taking three pounds of sulphate of copper, four pounds of quicklime, fifty gallons of water. To dissolve the copper sulphate, put it into a coarse cloth bag and suspend the bag in a re- ceptacle partly filled with water. Next, slake the lime in a tub, and strain the milk of lime thus obtained into another receptacle. Now get some one to help you, and with buckets, simultaneously pour the two liquids into the spraying barrel or tank. Lastly, add sufficient water to make fifty gallons. It is safe to use this full-strength Bordeaux on almost all foliage-except, perhaps, on extra tender things, such as watermelon vines, peach trees, etc. For these it is wiser to use a half-strength mixture.
FORMALIN .- This is also called for- maldehyde, and may be purchased at drug stores. Its principal use is to treat seed potatoes to prevent "scab." Soak the whole seed for two hours in a mixture of one-half pint formalin and fifteen gallons of cold water; dry the seed, cut, and plant in ground that has not recently grown potatoes.
BORDEAUX COMBINED WITH INSECT POISON .- By adding one-quarter pound of Paris green to each fifty gallons of Bordeaux, the mixture becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide. Or, instead of Paris green, add about two pounds of arsenate of lead. The advan- tages of arsenate of lead over Paris green are, first, it is not apt to burn foliage even if used in rather excessive quantities; and, second, it "sticks" to the foliage, etc., better and longer.
INSECTICIDES .- ARSENATE OF LEAD .- This is the best insecticide for chewing insects, and is for sale by seeds- men. Use about two pounds in fifty gallons of water.
WHITE HELLEBORE .- This, if fresh,
may be used instead of Paris green in some cases-worms on currant and gooseberry bushes, for instance. (It is not such a powerful poison as the ar- senites, and would not do so well for tough insects such as potato-bugs.) Steep two ounces in one gallon of hot water, and use as a spray.
FOR SUCKING INSECTS .- Now we come to another class of insecticides, suited to insects which suck a plant's juice but do not chew. Arsenic will not kill such pests; therefore we must resort to solutions which kill by contact.
KEROSENE EMULSION .- One-half pound of hard or one quart of soft soap; kero- sene, two gallons; boiling soft water, one gallon. If hard soap is used, slice it fine and dissolve it in water by boiling ; add the boiling solution (away from the fire) to the kerosene, and stir or violently churn for from five to eight minutes, until the mixture assumes a creamy consistency. If a spray pump is at hand, pump the mixture back upon itself with considerable force for about five minutes. Keep this as a stock. It must be further diluted with water be- fore using. One part of emulsion to fifteen parts of water, is about right for lice.
CARBOLIC ACID EMULSION .- Made by dissolving one pound of hard soap or one quart of soft soap in a gallon of boiling water, to which one pint of crude carbolic acid is added, the whole being stirred into an emulsion. One part of this is added to about thirty-five parts of water and poured around the bases of the plants, about four ounces per plant at each application, beginning when the plants are set out and re- peated every week or ten days until the last of May. Used to fight maggots.
WHALE-OIL SOAP SOI UTION .- Dissolve one pound of whale-oil toap in a gallon 187
MERCER COUNTY
of hot water, and dilute with about six gallons of cold water. This is a good application for aphis (lice) on trees or plants. For oyster-shell or scurvy scale use this spray in May or June or when the tiny scale lice are moving about on the bark.
TOBACCO TEA .- Place five pounds of tobacco stems in a water-tight vessel, and cover them with three gallons of hot water. Allow to stand several hours ; dilute the liquor by adding about seven gallons of water. Strain and ap- ply. Good for lice.
LIME-SULPHUR MIXTURE. - Slake twenty-two pounds of fresh lump lime in the vessel in which the mixture is to be boiled, using only enough water to cover the lime. Add seventeen pounds of sulphur (flowers or powdered), hav- ing previously mixed it in a paste with water. Then boil the mixture for about an hour in about ten gallons of water, using an iron but not a copper vessel. Next add enough more water to make, in all, fifty gallons. Strain through wire sieve or netting, and apply while mixture is still warm. A good, high- pressure pump is essential to satisfac- tory work. Coat every particle of the tree. This is the standard San Jose scale remedy, although some orchardists prefer to use the soluble oil sprays now on the market.
PYRETHRUM, OR PERSIAN INSECT POW- DER .- It may be dusted on with a pow- der bellows when the plants are wet; or one ounce of it may be steeped in one gallon of hot water, and sprayed on the plants at any time. It is often used on flowers, in greenhouses, on vegeta- bles, etc.
BISULPHIDE OF CARBON .- This is used to kill weevils in beans and peas, etc. It comes in liquid form and may be had of druggists. When exposed to the air it quickly vaporizes into a poisonous and explosive gas which is heavier than air and which will destroy all insect life. (Caution .- Do not inhale the vapor, and allow no lights near.)
Tobacco stems, tobacco dust, kainit, soot, freshly-slaked lime, dust, etc., are often used as insect preventives-in the soil around plants to keep away grubs, worms and maggots, or dusted on to discourage the visits of cucumber bugs, etc. (Note .- The first four are excel lent fertilizers as well as insect pre- ventives.)
Crows and blackbirds frequently pull up planted corn. The best preventive is to tar the seed, as follows: Put the seed into a pail and pour on enough warm water to cover it. Add a tea- spoonful of coal-tar to a peck, and stir well. Throw the seed out on a sieve or in a basket to drain, and then stir in a few handfuls of land plaster (gyp- sum), or air-slaked lime.
A NEW FUNGICIDE .- Some orchard- ists are now using the following self- boiled lime-sulphur spray, instead of Bordeaux, claiming that it is less liable to spot or burn fruit and foliage: Put eight pounds of unslaked lump lime in a barrel; add enough water to cover. When the lime begins to heat, throw in eight pounds of flowers of sulphur. Constantly stir and gradually pour on more water until the lime is all slaked; then add the rest of the water to cool the mixture. About fifty gallons of water, in all, are required. Strain. Two pounds of arsenate of lead may be added, if desired, to the finished mixture, which then becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide, and may be used in the same manner as advised for Bordeaux-arsenate of lead. (Special note .- The self-boiled mixture is not the same as the lime-sulphur advised for San Jose scale, which is too strong for trees in foliage.)
If you do not care to bother with making spraying mixtures at home, they can be purchased, already prepared, of seedsmen. For only a few trees or plants, the extra cost of these factory mixtures is not great.
188
.
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
SPRAYING CALENDAR
PLANT
FIRST APPLICATION
SECOND APPLICATION
APPLE (Scab, rot, rust, codling moth, bud moth, tent cater- pillar, canker worm, cur- culio, etc.)
When buds are swelling, hut before they open, Bor- deaux.
If canker worms are abun- dant just_before blossoms open, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
After cutting ceases, let the shoots grow and spray them with Bordeaux-arseni- cal mixture.
10 days later, Bordeaux.
BEAN (Anthracnose, leaf blight, weevil, etc.)
Treat the seed hefore planting with hisulphide of carbon. (See remarks.) When third leaf expands, Bordeaux.
Pyrethrum or insect pow- der.
Half strength Bordeaux on young plants in hothed or seedhed.
As buds are breaking, Bordeaux; when aphis ap- pear, tobacco solution or kerosene emulsion.
At first appearance of worms, hellebore.
10 days later, hellebore. Bordeaux if leaf blight is feared.
GRAPE
(Fungous diseases, Rose bugs, lice, flea, beetle, leaf hopper, etc.)
MELONS CUCUMBERS (Mildew, rot, blight, striped bugs, lice, fiea beetle, etc.)
10-14 days repeat. (Note: Always use half strength Bordeaux on watermelon vines.)
PEACH (Rot, mildew, leaf curl, curculio, etc.)
PEAR AND QUINCE .... (Leaf blight, scab, psylla, codling moth, blister mite, slugs, etc.)
Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. Kerosene emul- sion when leaves open for psylla, if needed.
PLUM (Curculio, black knot, leaf blight. brown rot, etc.)
When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture. Begin to jar trees for cur- culio.
POTATO (Flea beetle, Colorado beetle, blight rot, etc.)
Spray with Paris green and Bordeaux when about 4 in. high.
When plants are 6 in. high, Bordeaux.
Repeat in 10-14 davs. (Fruit can he wiped if dis- figured hy Bordeaux.)
.
In spring, when buds swell, Bordeaux.
Just hefore flowers unfold, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
Bordeaux, when vines be- gin to run.
As the buds swell, Bor- deaux.
When fruit has set, repeat. Jar trees for curculio.
As huds are swelling, Bordeaux.
When huds are swelling, Bordeaux.
Repeat hefore insects be- come numerous.
TOMATO (Rot, blight, etc.)
NOTE .- For San Jose scale on trees and shrubs, spray with the lime-sulphur mixture in autumn after leaves fall, or (preferably) in early spring, before buds start. The lime-sulphur
189
7-10 days later, repeat.
Bordeaux, after plants are transplanted to field. (Pyre- thrum for caterpillars if necessary.)
When blossoms drop, Bor- deaux-arsenical mixture.
CHERRY ( Rot, aphis, slug, curculio, black knot, leaf blight, or spot, etc.)
CURRANT GOOSEBERRY (Worms, leaf blight.)
CABBAGE (Worms, lice, maggots, etc.)
CELERY (Blight, rot, leaf spot, rust, caterpillars.)
Cut off all shoots below surface regularly until about July 1st.
ASPARAGUS (Rust, beetles.)
MERCER COUNTY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
THIRD APPLICATION.
FOURTH APPLICATION.
REMARKS.
When blossoms have fallen. Bor- deaux-arsenical mix- ture.
8-12 days later, Bordeaux . arsenical mixture.
For aphis (lice) use one of the lice remedies mentioned elsewhere. Dig out borers from tree trunks with knife and wire. For oyster- shell scale, use whale-oil soap spray in June.
2-3 weeks later, Bor- deaux-arsenical mix- ture.
Repeat in 2-3 weeks.
Mow vines close to ground when they are killed by frost, burn them, and apply a mulch of stable manure.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
For weevils: Put seed in tight box, put a clotb over seed, pour bisulpbide of carbon on it, put lid on and keep closed for 48 bours. Use 1 oz. to 4 bus. of sced.
7-10 days later, re- peat.
Repeat every 10-14 days until crop is gatbered.
Root maggots: Pour carbolic acid emulsion around stem of plants. Club root: Rotate crops; apply lime to soil; burn refuse; treat seed with formalin before planting.
14 days later, re- peat.
. 14 days later, re- peat.
Rot or rust is often caused by hilling up with earth in hot weather. Use boards for summer cro'. Pitby stalks are due to poor seed; or lack of moisture.
10-14
Hellebore, if a second brood of slugs appear.
Black knot: Dark fungous-looking bunches or knots on limbs. Cut off and burn whenever seen.
10-14 days, repeat, if necessary.
2 to 4 weeks later, repeat.
Cane-borers may be kept in check by cutting out and burning infested canes.
When fruit has set, Bordeaux - arsenical mixture.
2 to 4 weeks later, Bordeaux.
For lice, use any of the lice remedies. For rose bugs, use 10 pounds of arsenate of lead and one gallon of molasses in 50 gallons of water, as a spray. Or knock the bugs into pans of kerosene every day.
10-14 days, repeat.
10-14 days, repeat.
Use lice remedies for lice. For striped bugs, protect young plants with a cover of mosquito netting over each bill. Or keep vines well dusted with a mixture of air-slaked lime, to- bacco dust and a little Paris green.
Wben fruit is one- half grown, Вог-
deaux.
NOTE :- It is safer always to use half- strength Bordeaux on peacb foliage.
Dig out borers. Cut down and burn trees affected witb "yellows."
After blossoms have fallen. Bordeaux-ar- senical mixture.
8-12 days later, re- peat.
Look out for "fire blight." Cut out and burn blighted branches whenever seen.
10-14 days later, repeat.
10-20 days later, Bordeaux.
Cut out black knot whenever seen.
Repeat for blight, rot and insects.
Repeat.
To prevent scabby tubers, treat the seed with formalin before planting.
Repeat in 10-14 days.
Hand-pick tomato worms.
mixture is a fungicide as well as a scale cure, and if it is used the first early Bordeav, spray may be omitted.
190
days, Bor- deaux.
. CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Poultry Diseases and Enemies (From the Biggle Poultry Book)
Many of the ills that poultry flesh is heir to are directly traceable to bad- breeding and treatment. In-and-in- breeding is practiced and the law of the survival of the fittest is disregarded un- til the stock becomes weak and a prey to disease.
Yards and runs occupied for any con- siderable time become covered with ex- creta and a breeding ground for all man- ner of disease germs.
Dampness from leaky roofs or from wet earth floors, and draughts from side cracks, or from overhead ventilation slay their thousands yearly.
A one-sided diet of grain, especially corn, moldy grain or meal, decayed meat or vegetables, filthy water, or the lack of gritty material are fruitful sources of sickness.
In the treatment of sick birds much depends on the nursing and care. It is useless to give medicine unless some honest attempt be made to remove the causes that produce the disturbance. Un- less removed the cause will continue to operate and the treatment must be repeated.
It is an excellent plan to have a coop in some secluded place to be used ex- clusively as a hospital. If cases cannot be promptly treated it is better to use the hatchet at once and bury deeply, or burn the carcasses. This is the proper plan in every case where birds become very ill before they are discovered.
Sick birds should in no case be allowed to run with the flock and to eat and drink with them.
In giving the following remedies we make no pretence to a scientific handling of the subject.
FEVERS, from colds, fighting of cocks, etc. Symptoms : unusual heat of body, red face, watery eyes and watery dis- charge from nostrils.
Give dessertspoonful citrate of mag- nesia and, as a drink, ten drops of nitre in half a pint of water.
APOPLEXY AND VERTIGO, from overfeed- ing or fright. Symptoms : unsteady mo- tion of the head, running around, loss of control of limbs. Give a purgative and bleed from the large veins under wing.
. PARALYSIS, from highly seasoned food and over stimulating diet. Symptoms: inability to use the limbs, birds lie help- less on their side. Treatment-The same as for apoplexy.
LEG WEAKNESS occurs in fast-growing young birds, mostly among cockerels. A fowl having this weakness will show it by squatting on the ground frequently and by a tottering walk. When not hereditary it usually arises from a diet that contains too much fat and too little flesh and bone-making material, such as bread, rice, corn and potatoes. To this should be added cut green bone, oats, shorts, bran and clover, green or dry. Give a tonic pill three times a day made of sulphate of iron, 1 grain; strychnine, 1 grain; phosphate of lime, 16 grains; sulphate of quinine, 1/2 grain. Make into thirty pills.
CANKER OF THE MOUTH AND HEAD .--- The sores characteristic of this disease are covered with a yellow cheesy matter which, when it is removed, reveals the raw flesh. Canker will rapidly spread through a flock, as the exudation from the sores is a virulent poison, and well birds are contaminated through the soft feed and drinking water. Sick birds should be separated from the flock and all water and feed vessels disinfected by scalding or coating with lime wash. Ap- ply to sores with a small pippet syringe or dropper the peroxide of hydrogen. When the entire surface is more or less affected, use a sprayer. Where there is much of the cheesy matter formed, first remove it with a large quill before using the peroxide. A simple remedy is an application to the raw flesh of powdered alum, scorched until slightly brown.
SCALY LEG, caused by a microscopic in- sect burrowing beneath the natural scales of the shank. At first the shanks appear dry, and a fine scale like dandruff forms. Soon the natural scale disappears and gives place to a hard, white scurf. The disease passes from one fowl to another through the medium of nests and perches, and the mother-hen infecting her brood. To prevent its spread, coat perches with kerosene and burn old nest- ing material and never use sitting hens affected by the disease. To cure, mix 1/2 ounce flowers of sulphur, 1/4 ounce carbolic acid crystals and stir these into 1 pound of melted lard. Apply with an old tooth brush, rubbing in well. Make applications at intervals of a week.
WORMS in the intestines of fowls indi- cate disturbed digestion. Loss of appe- tite and lack of thrift are signs of their presence. Give santonin in 2-grain doses
191
MERCER COUNTY
six hours apart. A few hours after the second dose give a dessertspoonful of castor oil. Or, put 15 drops of spirits of turpentine in a pint of water and moisten the feed with it.
BUMBLE-FOOT, caused by a bruise in fly- ing down from perches or in some simi- lar manner. A small corn appears on the bottom of the foot, which swells and ulcerates and fills with hard, cheesy pus. With a sharp knife make a cross cut and carefully remove all the pus. Wash the cavity with warm water, dip the foot in a solution of one-fourth ounce sulphate of copper to a quart of water and bind up with a rag and place the bird on a bed of dry straw. Before putting on the bandage anoint the wound with the oint- ment recommended for scaly leg or coat it with iodine.
GAPES, caused by the gape-worm, a parasite that attaches itself to the wind- pipe, filling it up and causing the bird to gasp for breath. The worm is about three-fourths of an inch long, smooth and red in color. It appears to be forked at one end, but in reality each parasite is two worms, a male and female, firmly joined together. . This parasite breeds in the common earth worm. Chicks over three months old are seldom affected. If kept off of the ground for two months after hatching, or on perfectly dry soil, or on land where affected chicks have never run, chicks will seldom suffer from the gapes. Old runs and infested soil should have frequent dressings of lime.
In severe cases the worms should be removed. To do this put a few drops of kerosene in a teaspoonful of sweet oil. Strip a soft wing feather of its web to within an inch of the tip, dip in the oil, insert feather in windpipe, twirl and withdraw. Very likely some of the para- sites and mucus will come with it. The rest will be loosened or killed, and event- ually thrown out. It may be necessary to repeat the operation.
To kill the worm in its lodgment, gum camphor in the drinking water or pellets of it as large as a pea forced down the throat is recommended. Turpentine in the soft feed, as advised in the treatment for worms in the intestines, is said to be ffective. Pinching the windpipe with ne thumb and finger will sometimes loosen the parasite.
, When broods are quartered on soil known to be infested, air-slacked lime should be dusted on the floor of the coop, and every other night, for two or three weeks, a little of the same should
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.