USA > Ohio > Logan County > The Farm journal directory of Logan County, Ohio, 1916 > Part 29
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Thoroughly mix and give a large table- spoonful to each 200-pound hog, once a day. If the animal does not eat, add the medicine to a little water, thoroughly shake and give from a bottle by the mouth. If the animal will eat, mix the medicine with sloppy food. The same remedy is recommended as a preventive to those animals that do not as yet show signs of disease.
If you have had cholera on your place, and you have small, inexpensive pens, burn them at once. ' In a piggery, burn all the litter and loose inexpensive parts ; renew the floor, if possible, and disinfect the remainder by washing it with hot water and washing soda. After wash- ing, apply with a whitewash brush, or better yet a spray pump, a solution of one part of carbolic acid to fifty parts of water. Then thoroughly whitewash. Treat the fences in the same way. Earth floors should be removed to a depth of at least six inches and the ground sprin- kled with chloride of lime and a few days later a good coating of air-slacked lime. Don't put pigs in the quarters for at least six months, and, if possible, have them vacant over the first winter.
An Ohio breeder of large experience, in the Miami valley, where hog cholera first appeared in 1856 and has recurred at frequent intervals, holds that drugs, virus and antitoxin have all been fairly tried sundry times by him and his neigh- bors. He believes that prevention will do more to hold in check the plague than drugs and hypodermic infusions. The most important help to prevent spread of disease is not to allow the hog farm to become infected with the excrement of diseased hogs. This can be done by quarantining the herd in a field, that is to be put under cultivation the following year. This quarantine must be estab- lished as soon as the first pig is taken sick. If the disease is in the neighbor- hood, carefully watch for first symptoms of disorder. Do not wait until several are sick and scouring, for this excre- ment is loaded with germs of disease, and these germs may retain vitality many
months when covered in the corners of pens, or filth of yards, or about an old straw stack; but when exposed to sun- light or dryness they lose vitality in a few days, and under some very drying sunlight conditions in a few hours. Care- fully observing these facts, ne has in forty years been clear of hog cholera the year following an attack, and on un- til the disease has become epidemic in his neighborhood. After the herd has been placed in quarantine away from the permanent hog houses, lots and feeding floors, he kills and burns, or buries five feet deep, each animal as soon as it shows distinct symptoms of disease. They are burned or buried beside the quarantine, and in the field to be cul- tivated the following year. It requires nerve to kill breeding stock of great value, but they are as liable to spread and entail disease as any other, when once attacked.
If, by any means, we can prevent spread of germs, by so much do we hold the disease in check. A farm, with its feed lots and pens and shelters infected by the excrement of the diseased, be- comes as deadly a centre as the public stock-yards and filthy stock cars on the railroads, and these are so thoroughly infected that we can never safely take stock hogs from these to our farms. This is not theory, but well proven fact.
Pig ailments are numerous; we shall speak only of some of the most common.
It is always best to give medicines mixed with food or drink where possible. If the animal refuses food or drink and it is necessary to administer drugs, it may be done by placing a stout chain (an ordinary harness breast chain does very well) within the mouth and well back between the jaws, which are thus kept from crushing the bottle. Two or three men are necessary for the undertaking, one or two to hold the chain and one to pour the medicine. The head should be well elevated, which places the pig on his haunches. Do not pour the medicine fast enough to strangle the animal.
Hogs will not do well when the skin is covered with filth. Bad air will bring on coughs: all corn for food, fever; a wet bed, rheumatism; and a big bunch together will breed disease. With a clean skin, good air, a variety of food, a dry bed and a few together, and lots of out- of-doors, they will do well.
When at pasture they find many roots, nuts and pebbles, besides being continu- ally active, which does more than food
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for their hearty health, rapid and easy digestion and speedy, profitable growth.
THUMPS .- This disease is quite com- mon (especially in the early spring) and is exceedingly hard to handle when once contracted. More can be done to prevent than to cure. You visit the sow and lit- ter in the morning to give them their accustomed feed, and you notice that one of the fattest and plumpest ones does not leave his bed as do the others. You en- ter the sleeping room and compel him to come out, which he does somewhat reluctantly, and you will notice that his sides move with a peculiar jerking mo- tion, and if allowed he will soon return to his bed. Rest assured he has thumps, and nine chances to one he will die. It is caused by fatty accumulations about the breast, which interfere with its ac- tion, and the lungs work hard-pump for dear life to keep up the heart's action- to send the blood through the body. The pig is faint because of feeble circulation, and he is cold, and soon dies from ex- haustion or weakness. He has no strength to suck or move.
To prevent thumps, get over into the pen several times a day and hustle the little pigs about the pen; also stint the sow so that she will give less milk. Pigs when they stir about, and when they are thin in flesh, rarely have thumps.
Thumps rarely occurs among pigs far- rowed after the weather is fine, but does quite frequently occur among pigs far- rowed in early spring. If the weather is cold and stormy and the sow and litter keep their bed much, then be on the look- out for thumps. Guard against it by compelling both sow and litter to exer- cise in the open air.
CANKEROUS SORE MOUTH is a disease which is quite common and which if not promptly taken in hand is often quite fatal. When pigs are from a few days to two weeks old, you may notice a slight swelling of the lips or a sniffling in the nose. An examination will show a whitish spongy growth on the sides of the mouth just inside the lips or around the teeth. This is cankerous sore mouth, and if not taken promptly in hand will result in the death of the entire litter, and will sometimes spread to other litters.
Some claim the disease is caused by damp and filthy beds, others say it comes from a diseased condition of the sow, and still others claim it is caused by the little pigs fighting over the teats and wounding each other with their sharp
teeth, and stoutly aver that if the teeth are promptly removed no case of sore mouth will ever occur.
Hold the pig firmly and with a knife or some cutting instrument remove all the spongy foreign growth, and be sure you get it all even though the pig may squeal and the wound bleed; your suc- cess in treating the disease will depend largely on the thoroughness with which you remove this foreign growth. After removing the fungous growth apply an ointment made of glycerine and carbolic acid in about the proportion of one part of the acid to from five to eight parts glycerine. Repeat this each day for three or four days and the disease will usually yield. You may discover in a day or two after commencing treatment that you did not succeed in removing all the cankerous growth at first, and if so, repeat the cutting operation till you do remove it all.
Another treatment which we have heard recommended is to catch the dis- eased pig and dip his nose and mouth up to his eyes in chlora naptholeum with- out diluting it. This is certainly easily done and is highly commended by the person suggesting it.
BLIND STAGGERS, INDIGESTION, SICK STOMACH, FOUNDER .- Causes, over-feed- ing, especially common with new corn; sour or decayed food. Sudden warm sultry weather predisposes in highly fed hogs. Insufficient exercise is also a pre- disposing cause.
Symptoms .- Loss of appetite, bowels constipated, or maybe diarrhoea. In some severe cases blind staggers and great paleness of mouth and nose, cold- ness of surface of body; abdomen may be distended and drum-like from con- tained gases.
Treatment .- Remove sick animals, pro- vide clean, dry, well ventilated quarters, with chance for exercise, and fresh earth and water. If animal will eat, give light feed. Give charcoal in lump form, also mix soda bicarbonate in food at rate of two tablespoonfuls per day to each half-grown animal. It is rarely neces- sary to drench with medicine. If recov- ery begins, use care not to again feed too much.
MILK FEVER occurs in sows immedi- ately after farrowing or within the first few days afterwards. The symptoms are loss of milk, swollen, hard condition of the milk glands, which are more or less painful on pressure. Sow may not allow the pigs to suck; she may lie flat on her
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belly or stand up, and in extreme cases the sow has spells of delirium, in which she may destroy her young.
Cause .- Injudicious feeding, overfeed- ing on milk-producing foods. Do not feed sow quite full rations for few days just before and after farrowing.
Treatment .- Give sow plenty of cool clean water; bathe the swollen glands for half hour at a time with water as warm as she will bear, dry thoroughly with soft cloth and give good dry pen. If bowels seem constipated give the sow internally one-half pint pure linseed oil. (Never use the boiled linseed oil used by painters; it is poisonous.) If the sow starts killing her young, or has no milk for them, it is best to take most of them, or all, away from her and feed by hand with spoon or ordinary rubber nipple and bottle. For this use one part boiled water and three parts cow's milk. The pigs may be returned to the sow if her milk returns.
SCOURS among pigs is another common and very troublesome though not dan- gerous disease. This disease is not con- fined to any particular season, but is more common in the wet, damp weather of April and early May than in other seasons of the year.
As in thumps, remove the cause. This disease is almost invariably caused by some improper food eaten by the sow. A sour swill barrel is often the cause. It should be borne in mind that pigs once affected will be more liable to a recur- rence of the disease than those never affected, and greater care should be used with them for some weeks till they fully recover.
CONSTIPATION .- Cause, improper feed- ing, exclusive grain diet, lack of exer- cise. Not dangerous in itself, but fre- quently followed by prolapsus of the rec- tum, or what is commonly called piles. The constant straining causes this. The only remedy is laxative food and exer- cise. The protruding bowel must be washed clean as soon as seen and well covered with olive oil or lard. It should then be returned by applying firm pres- sure with the hand, and when once in place should be retained by three or more stitches of waxed linen or heavy silk thread, passed from side to side through the margins of the opening, care being used to take a deep hold in the skin.
While this operation is being done the animal should be held by the hind legs by two assistants, thus elevating the hind
quarters. Allow stitches to remain two or three weeks.
RHEUMATISM .- A disease of the joints, manifested by pain, heat and lameness, with swelling of one or several joints. There may be high fever and loss of ap- petite. May be acute and rapid in its course, or slow, chronic and resulting in permanent enlargements of the bones of the legs, especially the knee and hock.
Causes .- Primarily deranged digestion, lack of exercise ; dampness and exposure to draughts of cold air also a cause. The tendency to rheumatism is heredi- tary in certain families of hogs.
Treatment .- Endeavor to prevent by proper exercise, food and attention to surroundings. Do not breed rheumatic specimens even if fully recovered from lameness. In acute cases an adult hog should have twice or three times daily one drachm salicylate soda.
ASTHMA sometimes occurs in adult hogs.
Symptoms .- Shortness of breath on lease exercise, noisy breathing, more or less intermittent. Do not breed; butcher early.
CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS sometimes occurs, the result of driving or chasing. May be rapidly fatal.
Symptoms. - Sudden shortness of breath and sudden great weakness. The hog is not adapted to rapid driving; if it must be driven at all, give plenty of time.
PNEUMONIA (LUNG FEVER) may fol- low congestion of the lungs; may be in- duced by crowding too many hogs to- gether, when they heat and become moist, after which they are in poor con- dition to withstand cold.
Symptoms .- Loss of appetite, chills, short cough, quick breathing.
Treatment .- Separate sick at once from the drove; give dry quarters with abundance of dry bedding; tempt appe- tite with small quantities of varied food. Apply to sides of chest, enough to moisten the skin, twice daily, alcohol and turpentine equal parts ; continue until skin becomes somewhat tender.
TETANUS (LOCK-JAW) .- Caused by in- troduction into the system of the tetanus bacteria, which gains entrance through a wound.
Symptoms .- A stiffness of more or less the entire muscular system, gener- ally most marked in the jaws. which are greatly stiffened. Eating verv slow, or entirely stopped : appetite not lost.
Treatment .- Some cases recover if
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carefully nursed. Give nourishing drinks, elcvate trough or bucket so the patient can get its snout into the drink; give dissolved in hot water and mixed with the slop forty grains bromide of potash two or three times daily until im- provement is noticed. Do not attempt to drench. Any wound which seems to be a cause should be cleansed and wet often with five per cent. solution of car- bolic acid and water.
LICE .- Very commonlv found upon hogs. They are introduced by new pur- chases or by visiting animals.
Caution .- Examine the newly pur- chased hog well on this point before placing with the drove. Hog lice are quite large and easily detected on clean white animals, but not readily on dark or dirty skins.
Remedy .- Wash well with soap and water, if weather is not too cold, then warm water, if weather is not too cold, then apply enough petroleum and lard, equal parts, to give the skin a complete greasing. If weather is too cold for wash- ing, clean with stiff brush. Creolin one part to water five parts is also a safe and sure remedy. Two or more applications are necessary at intervals of four or five days to complete the job. The wood- work of pens and rubbing places must be completely whitewashed.
MANGE .- Caused by a microscopic parasite which lives in the skin at the roots of the bristles.
Symptoms .- Intense itching with red- ness of the skin from the irritation of rubbing. Rather rare, but very con- tagious.
Treatment. - Separate diseased ani- mals; scrub them thoroughly with warm water and strong soap; apply ointment composed of lard, one pound ; carbonate of potash, one ounce; flor. sulphur, two ounces; wash and re-apply every four days.
MAGGOTS .- The larvæ of the ordinary blow-fly frequently infests wounds on hogs during the summer months. Watch all wounds during hot weather; keep them wet frequently with creolin one part and water six parts, or five per cent. watery solution carbolic acid. If the maggots gain entrance to the wound, ap- ply either above remedies freely, or ordi- nary turpentine with a brush or common oil can.
ROUND WORMS. - Very common in shotes and young hogs, not apparently harmful, unless in great numbers, when they cause loss of flesh. They may be
exterminated by keeping the hog without food for twenty-four hours, and giving to each shote or old pig one tablespoon- ful of turpentine thoroughly beaten up with one egg and one-half pint of milk.
TUBERCULOSIS (CONSUMPTION ). - A contagious disease common in man, cat- tle and not rare in the hog.
Symptoms .- Loss of flesh, cough, diar- rhœa, swelling about the head and neck, which may open and discharge with little tendency to heal; death in from few weeks to months. Post mortem shows various sized tubercles, which may be situated in any part of the body, most commonly in the bowels, lungs, liver, or glands of the neck.
Causes .- Direct contagion from other hogs, but generally from feeding milk from tuberculous cows, or by eating butcher offal from such cows.
Prevention .- Care as to the source of the milk fed; if suspicious, boiling will render it safe. Do not feed butcher offal; separate suspicious hogs at once, and if satisfied they are tuberculous, kill and bury deep, or burn them. The tuber- culin test can be applied to the remainder of drove, as without it it is impossible to say how many may be diseased.
WOUNDS generally heal readily in the hog if kept clean and free from maggots. The result of neglected castration wounds is sometimes serious. Have the animal clean as possible when castrated, and endeavor to keep it clean and give opportunity for abundant exercise until wound is healed. There is probably nothing better and safer to apply to wounds of the hog than creolin one part, water six parts.
TRAVEL SICKNESS .- Similar to ordinary sea-sickness in man; very common in shipping pigs by wagon.
Symptoms .- Vomiting, diarrhea, great depression ; seldom if ever fatal. May be rendered must less severe by very light feeding before shipment.
To Find the Amount of Wall Paper Required to Paper a Room
Measure the distance around the room deduct the width of each window and door, take two-thirds of result. Divide this result by the number of strips that can be cut from each roll and you have the number of rolls required. A roll is generally a foot and a half wide, 24 feet long and contains 36 square feet, or 4 square yards.
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
FARMERS' BULLETINS Sent Free to Residents of the United States, by Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C., on Application.
NOTE .- Some nmmbers omitted are no longer published. Bulletins in this list will be sent free, so long as the supply lasts, to any resident of the United States, on application to his Senator, Representa- tive, or Delegate in Congress, or to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Because of the limited supply, applicants are urged to select only a few numbers, choosing those which are of special interest to them. Residents of foreign countries should apply to the Superintendent of Documents, Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., who has these bulletins for sale. Price, 5 cents each to Canada, Cuba, and Mexico: 6 cents to other foreign countries.
22. The Feeding of Farm Animals.
27. Flax for Seed and Fiber.
28. Weeds: And How to Kill Them.
30. Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast. 34. Meats: Composition and Cooking.
35. Potato Culture.
36. Cotton Seed and Its Products. 44. Commercial Fertilizers.
48. The Manuring of Cotton.
51. Standard Varieties of Chickens. 52. The Sugar Beet.
54. Some Common Birds.
55. The Dairy Herd.
61. Asparagus Culture.
62. Marketing Farm Produce.
64. Ducks and Geese. 77. The Liming of Soils.
81. Corn Culture in the South.
85. Fish as Food.
86. Thirty Poisonous Plants.
88. Alkali Lands.
91. Potato Diseases and Treatment.
99. Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. 101. Millets.
104. Notes on Frost.
106. Breeds of Dairy Cattle.
113. The Apple and How to Grow It.
118. Grape Growing in the South.
121. Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes Food.
126. Suggestions for Farm Buildings.
127. Important Insecticides.
128. Eggs and Their Uses as Food.
131. Tests for Detection of Oleomargarine. 134 Tree Planting in Rural School Grounds. 137. The Angora Goat.
138. Irrigation in Field and Garden.
139. Emmer: a Grain for the Semi-arid Re- gions.
140. Pineapple Growing.
150. Clearing New Land.
152. Scabies in Cattle.
154. The Home Fruit Garden
156. The Home Vineyard.
157. The Propagation of Plants.
158. How to Build Irrigation Ditches.
164. Rape as a Forage Crop
166. Cheese Making on the Farm. 167. Cassava.
170. Principles of Horse Feeding.
172. Scale Insects and Mites on Citrus Trees.
173. Primer of Forestry.
174. Broom Corn.
175. Home Manufacture of Grape Juice.
176. Cranberry Culture.
177. Squab Raising.
178. Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture. 179. Horseshoeing.
181. Pruning. 182. Poultry as Food.
183. Meat on the Farm.
185. Beautifying the Home Grounds.
187. Drainage of Farm Lands.
188. Weeds Used in Medicine.
192. Barnyard Manure.
194. Alfalfa Seed.
195. Annual Flowering Plants.
198. Strawberries.
200. Turkeys.
Separator on Western 201. The Cream
Farms.
203. Canned Fruits, Preserves and Jellies. 204. The Cultivation of Mushrooms.
205. Pig Management.
206. Milk Fever and Its Treatment.
213. Raspberries
218. The School Garden.
220. Tomatoes.
221. Fungous Diseases of the Cranberry.
224. Canadian Field Peas.
228. Forest Planting and Farm ment.
Manage-
229. Production of Good Seed Corn.
231. Cucumber and Melon Diseases.
232. Okra: Its Culture and Uses.
234. The Guinea Fowl.
236. Incubation and Incubators. 238. Citrus Fruit Growing in the Gulf
States.
239. The Corrosion of Fence Wire.
241. Butter Making on the Farm.
242. An Example of Model Farming.
243. Fungicides and Their Use.
245. Renovation of Worn-out Soils.
246. Saccharine Sorghums.
as 248. The Lawn.
249. Cereal Breakfast Foods.
250. Wheat Smut and Loose Smut of Oats.
252. Maple Sugar and Syrup.
253. The Germination of Seed Corn.
254. Cucumbers.
255. The Home Vegetable Garden.
256. Preparation of Vegetables for the Table.
257. Soil Fertility.
260. Seed of Red Clover and Its Impurities. 263. Information for Beginners in Irrigation. 264. The Brown-Tail Moth.
266. Management of Soils to Conserve Mois- ture.
269. Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics. 270. Modern Conveniences Farm Home.
271. Forage Crop Practices in the Northi- west.
272. A Successful IIog and Seed-Corn Farm. 274. Flax Culture.
275. The Gypsy Moth.
277. Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines. 278. Leguminous Crops for Green Manuring. 279. A Method of Eradicating Johnson Grass. 280. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. 282. Celery.
284. Enemies of the Grape East of the Rockies.
286. Cotton Seed and Cotton-Seed Meal.
287. Poultry Management.
288. Non-saccharine Sorghums.
289. Beans.
291. Evaporation of Apples.
292. Cost of Filling Silos.
293. Use of Fruit as Food.
295. Potatoes and Other Root Crops as Food. 298. Food Value of Corn and Corn Prod- ucts.
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LOGAN COUNTY
299. Diversified Farming. 301. Home-Grown Tea. 302. Sea Island Cotton.
303. Corn Harvesting Machinery.
304. Growing and Curing Hops.
306. Dodder in Relation to Farm Seeds. 307. Roselle: Its Culture and Uses.
310. A Successful Alabama Diversification Farm.
311. Sand-Clay and Burnt-Clay Roads.
312. A Successful Southern Hay Farm.
313. Harvesting and Storing Corn. 318. Cowpeas.
321. The Use of Roads the Split-Log Drag on
322. Milo as a Dry-Land Grain Crop. 324. Sweet Potatoes.
325. Small Farms in the Corn Belt.
326. Building up a Cotton Plantation. 328. Silver Fox Farming.
330. Deer Farming in the United States.
331. Forage Crops for Hogs in Kansas
332. Nuts and Their Uses as Food. 333. Cotton Wilt.
337. New England Dairy Farms.
338. Macadam Roads.
339. Alfalfa. . 341. The Basket Willow. 344. The Boll Weevil Problem.
345. Some Common Disinfectants.
346. The Computation of Rations.
347. The Repair of Farm Equipment. 348. Bacteria in Milk.
349. The Dairy Industry in the South. 350. The Dehorning of Cattle.
351. The Tuberculin Test of Cattle. 354. Onion Culture.
355. A Successful and Dairy Farm. Poultry
357. Methods of Poultry Management.
358. Primer of Forestry. Part II.
359. Canning Vegetables in the Home.
361. Meadow Fescue: Its Culture and Uses. 362. Conditions Affecting the Value of Hay.
363. The Use of Milk as Food.
364. A Profitable Cotton Farm.
365. Northern Potato-Growing Sections.
367. Lightning and Lightning Conductors.
368. Bindweed, or Wild Morning-glory. 369. How to Destroy Rats. 370. Replanning a Farm for Profit.
371. Drainage of Irrigated Lands. 372. Soy Beans.
373. Irrigation of Alfalfa.
375. Care of Food in the Home.
377. Harmfulness of Headache Mixtures.
378. Methods of Exterminating Texas-fever Tick. 379. Hog Cholera. 380. The Loco-weed Disease. 382. The Adulteration of Forage-plant Seeds.
383. How to Destroy English Sparrows.
385. Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Clubs.
386. Potato Culture on Farms of the West. 387. Preservative Treatment of Timbers. 389. Bread and Bread Making.
390. Pheasant Raising in the United States. 391. Economical Use of Meat in the Home. 392. Irrigation of Sugar Beets. 393. Habit-forming Agents.
394. Windmills in Irrigation.
395. Sixty-day and Kherson Oats. 396. The Muskrat.
398. Use of Commercial Fertilizers in the South.
399. Irrigation of Grain.
400. Profitable Corn-planting Method.
401. Protection of Orchards from Frosts. 402. Canada Bluegrass ; Its Culture and Uses.
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