USA > Ohio > The Ohio hundred year book; a hand-book of the public men and public institutions of Ohio from the formation of the North-West territory (1787) to July 1, 1901 > Part 58
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At the meeting of the Board on May 17, Capt. A. M. Anderson was appointed Commandant, and C. A. Reeser, of Springfield, was appointed Adjutant.
The first of January, 1899, found the new hospital completed, which gives the Home the most complete structure of its kind of any institu- tion in the country. Seven trained lady nurses were employed to look after and care for the sick and suffering old men. Two years' experience has shown that these ladies have added wonderfully to the comfort and welfare of the sick.
739
THE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
The Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home (Sandusky).
The Home started in on the new century with an overcrowded house. Number present, January 15, 1,391 ; on the rolls, 1,621 ; average number present for the year ending November 15, 1900, 1,216; cost per capita for current expense, clothing, officers' salaries and trustees' ex- penses, $151.15; of which the general government pays $100.00, leaving a cost to the state of only $51.15 per annum to comfortably house, clothe, feed and give medical attention to these old soldiers. Since the Home was opened in November, 1888, forty-eight hundred and eighty-five (4885) men have been admitted and cared for. The Home is largely indebted to the Grand Army of the Republic and the Womans' Relief Corps for generous donations of books, magazines and papers for the library, and hospital supplies of jellies, fruits, cushions and other articles.
The entire cost of building and permanent improvements amount to $657,863.72.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Name.
Residence.
Col. J. W. R. Cline, President.
Gen. Thomas T. Dill, Secretary Col. J. L. Cameron .. Col. J. J. Sullivan. Gen. W. P. Orr.
Springfield. Mansfield. Marysville. Cleveland. Piqua.
:
OFFICERS OF THE HOME.
Name.
Office.
Gen. A. M. Anderson.
Capt. Chas. A. Reeser.
Capt. Daniel Dugan Major J. T. Haynes. Dr. W. E. Ranz.
Capt. Chas. W. Race. Rev. W. M. Haines Mrs. Mary L. Fuller
Commandant. Adjutant. Quartermaster. Surgeon. Asst. Surgeon. Asst. Surgeon. Chaplain. Matron.
.
THE OHIO SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' ORPHANS' HOME. XENIA, OHIO.
MAIN BUILDING AND COTTAGES.
I N the summer of 1869 the attention of the survivors of the civil war was called to the large number of fatherless children in Ohio, who were made so by the enormous gift of Ohio men to the Union Army. Every hamlet and township possessed its quota of soldiers' orphans, while in the larger cities the number of children rendered fatherless by the war was so great as to be particularly noticeable to the public spirited men and women who, having served in or in behalf of the Union Army when in the field, found themselves unwilling to rest from their labors until every possible step had been taken to heal the wounds of that notable conflict. The members of the Grand Army of the Republic in Ohio took up the matter of providing a home for these orphans, those ex-soldiers who were already prominent in the affairs of the state, taking the lead in the agita- tion of the subject which followed. The Hon. Lewis B. Gunkle, of the Soldiers' Home at Dayton, Chaplain G. W. Collier (now retired U. S. A.) of Delaware, General Wm. H. Gibson, of Tiffin, Lieutenant Governor Lee, of Toledo, and Mrs. Governor (afterward Mrs. President) Hayes, being prominently identified with the early days of the Home. In September, 1869, a two-story building in the city of Xenia was rented by the Grand Army officials, and converted by temporary wooden partitions, stairways and halls, into crowded accommodations for possibly 50 children. Funds were raised from public and private sources, by the men who can-
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741
THE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
The Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home.
vassed the state and addressed churches, Sunday schools, Grand Army meetings and private individuals, and children were admitted as fast as accommodations for them could be provided. The citizens of Xenia and of Greene county were genuinely interested in the movement, and spared no pains to make it a success. A room in the High School Building, of Xenia, was set apart for the children of the Home by the board of educa- tion, thus providing immediate school privileges, and the Court House Park was voted to their use by the city and county officers, thus provid- ing a convenient and well kept playground. The citizens presented the Home with 150 acres of ground on which the present institution was after- ward located by the state, and the county commissioners of Greene county, during that winter, voted six thousand dollars toward the current ex- penses of the Home to prevent the children from feeling the reduced con- dition to which the treasury of the Grand Army had been depleted by the expense of opening and operating an institution of such a character. The loyalty and public spirit of the men and women of Greene county during the war was repeated in their efforts in behalf of the orphans of the war. In the winter of 1870, with about 75 children in the Home, an appeal was made to the General Assembly to adopt the children as wards of the state, and to take over the property of the Home and make it a state institution. A committee from the General Assembly visited the children, who were assembled in the City Hall in Xenia, inspected the temporary quarters in town, and the property belonging to the Home just outside the city limits to the southeast, and returned to Columbus in favor of the proposition. The committee was addressed on behalf of the children by a Master Gilkey, who was then a boy twelve years old, having been admitted to the Home from Trumbull county in January of that year.
In April of 1870 the Home passed under the control of the state, and its removal from Xenia to its present location on the old Pelham farm, was accomplished in September, the work of construction having been pushed sufficiently to accommodate the children then in attendance. The doors were thrown open to new pupils as soon as the transfer from the city to the farm was effected, and from September, 1870, to September, 1901, there has never been an hour when there were not more applicants for admission than could possibly be received.
It is a matter of course that the requirements for admission should be changed with changing conditions. In 1870 no children were entitled to admission but those whose fathers were killed in action, or had since died from the wounds or the disabilities of war. The lapse of time soon rendered this class of children ineligible from age-limit, and the doors were then opened successively to those 2 whose fathers being ex-soldiers
OHIO SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOME - MARCHING TO SCHOOL,
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743
THE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
The Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home.
had died from any cause; 3 to those whose mothers had died, the father being an ex-soldier and unable to properly care for his children; ‘ to the children of ex-soldiers, whose parents being alive were not able to care for them; 5 to the children of the Spanish-American war. These latter are now being admitted.
In 1870 the instruction consisted of the usual school course with some outdoor labor; in 1875 industrial pursuits were added to the school course, and to the number of industries then inaugurated there have been constant additions as the science of manual training has grown more familiar to the educator. In the Home was thus established far in advance of similar public institutions, a Manual Training School supported by public funds for public uses. The Home is the largest institution of its kind in the world, and has a long history of active educational work. Graduates from its schools are filling honorable positions in the civil, political, financial, military and naval departments of American life. It has been frequently said that in all America it would be hard to find a spot more hallowed to the memory of American Soldiery, more filled with the stirring influences of patriotic devotion to country and to the country's flag; more typical of the peace and honor which follow from the defense of Rights and Liberty, than among the scenes and experiences which sur- round the home and school life of the 900 pupils of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home at Xenia.
From an old photograph which has been in the possession of the editor since 1872, the illustration was made which heads this article, and, on the back of this old photograph is given the names of the men who were appointed to take over the Home from the Grand Army in April, 1870, and mould it into a state institution. They are: -
BOARD OF MANAGERS, 1870-1874.
Name.
Residence.
Gen. R. P. Buckland.
Fremont.
Gen. James Barnett
Cleveland.
Springfield.
Gen. J. Warren Keifer Barnabas Burns.
Mansfield.
Gen. Manning F. Force.
Cincinnati.
Gen. John S. Jones A. Trader
Delaware. Xenia.
SUPERINTENDENT 1870-1874.
Dr. L. D. Griswald, Medical Dept. U. S. V.
Elyria.
1
744
THE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
The Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home.
The annual report for 1900 gives the following official roster for 1901 : -
BOARD OF MANAGERS 1901-3.
Name.
Residence.
Gen. John S. Jones H C. Huston.
Genl. A. V. Rice. Col. D. Q. Morrow
Gen. P. H. Dowling
Delaware. Urbana.
Ottawa.
Hillsboro.
Toledo.
OFFICERS.
Names.
Offices.
Gen. Charles L. Young.
Orin C. Baker
Cora Day Yoong. Asa C. Messenger.
Superintendent. Financial Officer. Matron. Physician.
Thomas A. Edwards
Superintendent of Schools.
The Home employs thirty-two cottage matrons, thirty-two teachers in the regular course, fourteen foremen of industrial branches and trades and gives a home and instruction to about 950 children in average attend- ance.
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY.
T HE Toledo Critic recently published an able article on the Ohio State University, which is here reprinted as a valuable and comprehen- sive contribution to this work. The article in part is as follows :
In 1878 the legislature passed "An act to reorganize and change the name of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College and to repeal certain acts therein mentioned." The act provided that the institution should be thereafter desig- nated as "The Ohio State University." Up to this time but one appropriation had been made by the State for the support of the institution. With the reorgan- ization came the larger and broader view of the State's relation to public education, and since that time the Ohio State University has shared with other public educa- tional institutions a more generous support by the State.
The governing body of the institution is a Board of Trustees, appointed by the Governor of the State and confirmed by the Senate, for terms of seven .years, as provided in the law organizing the University. The original endowment has been supplemented, and the objects of the University promoted, by a perma- nent annual grant from the United States, under an act of 1890, by special appro- priations of the General Assembly; and in 1891, by a permanent annual grant from the State, which grant was doubled by the legislature of 1896. In accordance with the spirit of the law under which it is organized, the University aims to furnish ample facilities for education in the liberal and industrial arts, the : sciences and the languages, and for thorough technical and professional study of agriculture, engineering in its various departments, veterinary medicine, phar- macy and law. Through the aid which has been received from the United States and from the State, it is enabled to offer its privileges, with a slight charge for incidental expenses, to all persons of either sex who are qualified for admission.
The University is situated within the corporate limits of the city of Columbus, two miles north of the Union Depot, and about three miles from the State Capitol. The University grounds consist of three hundred and forty-five acres, bounded east and west by High street, and the Olentangy river, respectively. The western portion, about 235 acres, is devoted to agricultural and horticultural purposes, and is under the management of the College of Agriculture and Domestic Science. The eastern portion is occupied by the principal University buildings, campus, athletic and drill grounds, a park-like meadow, and a few acres of primitive forest.
The grounds are laid out with care, ornamented with trees, shrubs and flower beds; and are so managed as to illustrate the instruction in Botany, Hor- ticulture, Forestry, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture.
The University has thirteen buildings devoted to instruction, one Boiler House, one Power House, two Dormitories, six residences, and some farm buildings. These buildings represent an investment for construction of about eight hundred thousand dollars. The equipment and apparatus amount to about one hundred and seventy thousand dollars. The land now occupied as a site with the farm is valued at one million five hundred thousand dollars.
The Ohio State University is divided into six colleges, as follows :
(1.) The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science consists of those departments represented in the course leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Bachelor of Science in Horticulture and Forestry, and Bachelor of Science in Domestic Economy, and in the Course in Dairying.
(2.) The College of Arts, Philosophy and Science consists of those depart- ments represented in the courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, and Bachelor of Science; and in the Courses Preparatory to Law and to Journalism.
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THÍ
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
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747"
THE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
Ohio State University.
(3.) The College of Engineering consists of those departments represented: in the courses leading to the degrees of Civil Engineer, Engineer of Mines, Engineer of Mines in Ceramics, Mechanical Engineer, Mechanical Engineer in Electrical Engineering, and Bachelor of Science in Industrial Arts, Bachelor of Science in Chemistry or in Metallurgy; in the Course in Architecture, in the Short Course in Clay-Working and Ceramics, and in the Short Course in Mining.
(4.) The College of Law consists of those departments represented in the. course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
(5.) The College of Pharmacy consists of those departments represented. ni the courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, and in. the Short Course in Pharmacy.
(6.) The College of Veterinary Medicine consists of those departments rep- resented in the course leading to the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, and to a certificate of Veterinary Surgeon.
Each college is under the direction of its own Faculty, which has power to- act in all matters pertaining to the work of students in that college.
BOARD TRUSTEES, 1900-1901.
Name.
Residence.
Term Expires.
Lucius B. Wing.
Newark.
May 13, 1902.
Thomas J. Godfrey
Celina.
1903.
J. McLain Smith.
Dayton
1904.
Paul Jones
Columbus
66 1905.
Oscar T. Corson
Columbus
66
1906.
John T. Mack
Chillicothe.
1907.
David M. Massie
Sandusky
6
1908.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
J. McLain Smith
President.
Oscar T. Corson
Vice President.
Alexis Cope
Secretary.
Louis F. Kiesewetter
Treasurer.
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD.
EXECUTIVE FARM FINANCE
L. B. Wing
J. McLain Smith
D. M. Massie
T. J. Godfrey
L. B. Wing
J. McLain Smith:
Paul Jones John T. Mack
Paul Jones
FACULTY AND COURSES OF STUDY.
Thomas J. Godfrey
Oscar T. Corson John T. Mack
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, 1901-1902.
William Oxley Thompson. President.
Alexis Cope.
Secretary Board of Trustees and Bursar ..
W. C. McCracken. . Chief Engineer:
Katherine H. Duncan Executive Clerk.
Edith D. Cockins . Registrar.
Carl E. Steeb. Accountant.
OHIO UNIVERSITY, AT ATHENS - FRONT OF CAMPUS.
OHIO UNIVERSITY, AT ATHENS -EWING HALL.
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THE OHIO UNIVERSITY (ATHENS).
T HE history of the Ohio University antedates that of the State nearly- two decades. The ordinance providing for its existence and sup- port was passed in Jul, 1787, in the city of Philadelphia. The- leading spirit in the movement was Manasseh Cutler, a native of Connec- ticut, and a graduate of Yale of the class of 1765. In accordance with the spirit of his time he proposed to endow an institution for higher education with a grant of land. As there was a superabundance of land. and as the country was pretty sure to fill up rapidly, such an endowment was supposed to be the most stable and almost sure to increase greatly in value. The history of many land grants for education shows, how- ever, that while the expectation of increase in value has realized, the increase rarely accrued to the pecuniary advantage of the beneficiary. To this general statement the Ohio University forms no exception.
Among, the ordinances enacted for the Northwest Territory, there was one providing that "no more than two complete townships should be given perpetually for the purpose of a University, to be laid off by the purchaser or purchasers as near the center as may be (so that the same shall be of good land), to be applied to the intended object by the Legislature of the State." In 1795 the lands to be devoted to the sup- port of the University were located. The townships were numbers eight and nine in the fourteenth range, now Athens, and Alexander in Athens county. The first families removed to them in 1797, and settled near the. present site of the town of Athens, the seat of the University. Two years later the Territorial Legislature appointed three commissioners "to lay off in the most suitable place within the township, a town plat, which should contain a square for the college; also, lots suitable for house-lots and gardens for a president, professors, tutors, etc., bordering on, or encircled by spacious commons, and such a number of town lots adjoining the said commons and out-lots as they think will be for the advantage of the University."
In the same year Dr. Cutler sent his draft of an act of incorporation for the University. In this draft he said among other things,"Forty or fifty thousand dollars cannot be too high, as it must be applied to one of the most useful and important purposes to society and government." Pass- ing over some intermediate legislation, we find that the General Assembly of the new State that had just been admitted into the Union, passed, in 1804, an act of which Section I gave to the institution its present name, the Ohio University, and defined its object to be, "the instruction of youth in all the various branches of liberal arts and sciences, the promotion of good education, virtue, religion and morality, and the conferring of all
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OHIO UNIVERSITY -VIEW OF CAMPUS FROM THE EAST.
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751
THE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
The Ohio University (Athens).
the degrees and literary honors granted in similar institutions." Sec- tion 2 provided for the corporate existence of a Board of Trustees. Sec- tion 2 also provided "for the subdivision of college lands into tracts of not less than eighty acres nor more than two hundred and forty acres; the valuation of them by three disinterested and judicious freeholders as in their original and unimproved state, and the leasing of the same for the term of ninety years, renewable forever, on a yearly rent of six per centum of the amount of the valuation so made by the said freeholders; and the land so leased shall be subject to a revaluation at the expiration of thirty- five years, and to another revaluation at the expiration of sixty years, from the commencement of the term of each lease, which revaluation shall be conducted and made on the principles of the first, and the lessee shall pay a yearly rent of six per centum on the amount of the valuation so to be made ; and forever thereafter at a yearly rent equal to and not exceeding six per centum of the amount of a valuation, to be made as aforesaid at the expiration of the term of ninety years aforesaid. * Provided, always, That the corporation shall have power to demand a further yearly rent on the said lands and tenements, not exceeding the amount of tax imposed on property of like description by the State."
The first building was erected on the northeast side of the present campus and known as the "Academy." It was of wood and has long since been torn down. The first building for collegiate purposes proper was put up in 1817. This is therefore the oldest structure of the kind in the entire Northwest, if not west of the Alleghenies. It is four stories high above the basement, and though somewhat remodeled twenty years ago, is substantially the original building and is still in use. Twenty years later two additional buildings, also of brick, were put up. In 1881 what was for a time known as the "chapel building" was erected and subse- quently removed to its present site in order to make room for Ewing Hall, the newest, as well as the largest of the college buildings. Though the university was chartered in 1804 no instruction was given until 1809. In June 1808 the Board laid out a course of instruction which embraced "the English, Latin, and Greek languages, mathematics, rhetoric, logic, geography, natural and moral philosophy." One year later when the school was formally opened but three students presented themselves. This is not surprising when we consider the sparseness and poverty of the new- comers on the soil of Ohio. It seemed a paradoxical scheme to estab- lish a university before preparatory schools had been provided, yet this has been the history of education from the remotest times-the higher has always preceded the lower, though the latter did not always appear.
For some years the university had but one instructor, the Rev. Jacob Lindley, a graduate of Princeton. In 1812 Artemas Sawyer, a graduate of Harvard was added as a second teacher, and six years later a third was added.
752
THE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
The Ohio University (Athens).
The first graduate was Thomas Ewing, who was probably the first person to receive a college diploma in all Western America. This docu- ment was dated 1815. The distinguished subsequent career of Mr. Ewing is well known. It is identified not only with the history of Ohio but with that of the nation.
The revenues of the university were at first very small, but they would in time have increased to a respectable sum as the two townships. above named contain nearly fifty thousand acres. Unfortunately the legislature interfered to prevent the revaluation of its lands, notwith- standing the decisions of the various courts, so that the income from this. source is and will remain at less than five thousand dollars per annum. However, toward the close of the seventies the legislature began to make annual appropriations for the support of the university, and in 1896 enacted the so-called "Sleeper Bill" which has since then given it a yearly revenue of nearly thirty thousand dollars in addition to its income from other sources. The whole amount, however, still falls considerably short of what its founders supposed they had provided and assured.
Though the college has been giving instruction from 1809 under the charge successively of Rev. Jacob Lindley and Rev. James Irvine, its first president, as he is usually designated, was not elected until 1824, when Robert G. Wilson a native of North Carolina and a graduate of Dickinson College was chosen to fill the position. His successor was the well known Dr. McGuffey. For a few years dating from 1845, owing to financial embarrassments the institution was closed, but in 1848 it was reopened under the presidency of Dr. Ryors. Dating from 1852 Dr. Howard was president for twenty years and was succeeded by Dr. W. H. Scott. Since 1883 the present incumbent has been at the head of the institution with the exception of two years, 1896-8, when the position was occupied by Dr. Isaac Crook.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Name.
Residence.
Appointed.
George K. Nash, ex officio.
Columbus.
George W. Boyce.
Cincinnati.
1875.
V. C. Lowry.
Logan
1885.
L. M. Jewett.
Athens
1887.
R. E. Hamblin
Toledo.
1890.
C. C. Davidson, A. M.
Alliance
1891.
A. Leue, Ph. D.
Cincinnati
1891.
Lucien J. Fenton
Winchester.
1892.
J. E. Benson.
Cleveland.
1892.
E. J. Jones
Athens
1893.
753
TIIE OHIO HUNDRED YEAR BOOK.
The Ohio University (Athens).
BOARD OF TRUSTEES - Concluded.
Name.
Residence.
Appointed.
J. M. Welch
Athens.
1895.
W. E. Bundy
Cincinnati
1896.
F. C. Whiley
Lancaster
1896.
J. P. Wood.
Athens
1896
Albert Douglass.
Chillicothe
1896.
H. W. Coultrap
McArthur
1896.
D. H. Moore
Athens
1898.
Thomas Blackstone, M. D.
Circleville.
1898.
Israel W. Foster
Athens
1900.
T. R. Biddle
Athens
1900.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
Charles W. Super
President.
A. J. Frame.
Treasurer.
L. M. Jewett.
Secretary and Auditor.
.
.)
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MIAMI UNIVERSITY.
G REAT institutions grow. They are not born in a day. It is a part and a privilege of an American to feel a pride in America's historic foundations and institutions. In the document under which the great northwest territory was settled, we read: "Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the hap- piness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." This sentence is the foundation of the educational policy of the states formed out of this territory. The John Cleves Symmes pur- chase in southwestern Ohio, like the other grants made under this ordi- nance, laid permanently the foundation for higher education. Out of this land grant grew Miami University. The trust was given to the State of Ohio and accepted in 1803, and by means of legislative action buildings were erected and the school opened in 1816 as a preparatory school, and in 1824, as a college. The first class was graduated in 1826. Under the stimulus of the land grant, the spirit of the ordinance of 1787, the co- operation of the state and the rapid settlement of Miami county, the col- lege flourished and soon became the most renowned west of the Alle- ghenies. The early settlers believing in the value of college education sent their sons there. These young men later became the men of affairs and took an active interest in every form of public life. During the war of the rebellion, Miami's graduates, almost to a man, were found enlisted or engaged in some form of public service. Many of these men are still hard at work, so that it has been said that Miami has more prominent men among her alumni than any other western college. A strong American sentiment permeates the every vein of the Miami student or graduate. Miami has been pre-eminently in her history, a college of public spirit. The student catches the spirit of patriotic devotion to the public welfare as a duty, and the graduate feels that he owes something to his country. College spirit has always been identical with a high idea of citizenship.
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