USA > Ohio > Franklin County > Columbus > The Welsh of Columbus, Ohio; a study in adaptation and assimilation > Part 10
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The Welsh church in America has no schools, colleges or theological seminaries. For all their learning, outside of the Sunday School, they must depend on American institutions.1 This is not true of other foreign peoples in America today. The Germans, for instance, have their schools and colleges and theological institutions, which, with a large immigration, will keep up the German language for decades to come.2 The Welsh have none of these and immigration to the older settle- ments has practically ceased. This means that in the absence of distinct Welsh institutions Americanization will increase among the Welsh more rapidly as time goes on. And the time
1 Even Welsh literature in America today is confined practically to two periodicals, viz. the "Drych" a national weekly for the Welsh in America, and the "Cyfaill," a monthly magazine, the official organ of the Calvinistic Metho- dist denomination in this country. Many Welsh papers and magazines have been started from time to time, but have been discontinued. See Appendix G. 2 See the "Cyfaill" for January 1910, article by Rev. John R. Johns, D. D. Dr. Johns read this article before the Welsh Synod of Wisconsin when he was pastor of the Welsh C. M. church at Randolph, Wis., he is now pastor of the C. M. Church of Columbus, Ohio.
129
THE PROCESS OF CHANGE
is not far distant when complete assimilation into the great American people will have taken place.
The Calvinistic Methodist Church in Columbus during the past decade has undergone rapid and significant change. The pastors of the Columbus church up to 1899 were not able to preach in English, and were opposed to anything which savored of English in the church. During the '90s the de- mand for English was felt to increase, but the allegiance to the Welsh, on the other hand, was very strong on the part of those in authority. When the Christian Endeavor Society was organized it was discouraged by some of the elders, and was regarded almost as a dangerous thing. This position was taken for two reasons. First, the young people in the church had never taken an active part in church services before, ex- cept for the repeating of verses in the fellowship meeting, and to see the young active in church services appeared to some of the austere elders as "playing with religion." The second reason for the opposition is that English was spoken in the meetings by some who took an active part. So the Christian Endeavor met with no encouragement for some time, but it thrived nevertheless.
Beginning with the 20th Century things began to change. One sermon a month was preached in English on Sunday evening. English classes in Sunday School began to multiply. For a time the linguistic struggle waged in Sunday School. Teachers insisted on teaching Welsh to their pupils during the Sunday School hour, and Welsh children left Sunday School because their teachers insisted on their learning Welsh when they knew nothing of Welsh on the street, in the public school, nor even in the home. But the strong Welsh prejudice was overcome in the Sunday School as time went on, and to- day about 28, or perhaps more, classes out of 36 are conducted in English. By the latter part of 1907, English sermons were introduced into the Sunday evening service regularly every Sunday. The Christian Endeavor Society is now carried on entirely in English. In the Junior Endeavor Society not a
130
THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
word of Welsh is spoken. The Brotherhood Society meetings are all English and the Ladies' Literary Club as well. The large majority of those who take part in the fellowship meet- ing do so in English. The mid-week prayer service is about half English and half Welsh. The trustees carry on their discussions in English, and the records are kept in the English language. The session has mixed records, both Welsh and English. The meetings of the Ladies' Aid and Missionary Society as well as the Cambrian W. C. T. U. are all conducted in English. And the annual report of the church is published in the English language. The only distinctly Welsh service in the church are the old people's prayer service at 9 a. m. and the public service at 10:00 a. m. on Sundays.
It is this recognition of the need of English that has given the Calvinistic Methodist Church its substantial growth in the last decade, and especially in the last five years. The admis- sion of English into the church services has kept the young Welsh people in the Welsh church instead of their leaving it for English churches in the city, or from drifting to total in- difference regarding church life. To be sure, immigration from local communities has kept up during the last decade as before, but the corresponding exit on the part of the young of the church has not been as great as it was in previous years. Take, for example, the number of children baptized and the number of children received into full membership of the church in 25 years, and compare the relative increase of those received in the last five years. The total number of children baptized in 25 years is 163. Of this number, 22.7 percent were baptized in the last five years. This is about normal.1 The total number received into full membership of the church in 25 years is 146. Of this number, 42.4 percent were taken in during the last five years. . This shows a tremendous in- crease.2 Immigration has continued from local Welsh com- munities to be sure, but the real and persistent growth of the church has resulted from the fact that it has been able to
1 See Figure 8. i., page 131.
2 See Figure 8. ii., page 131.
131
THE PROCESS OF CHANGE
Figure 8
I
II
b
b
a
22.7
42 4
77.3
57. 6
Figure 8. i, represents the total number of children bap- tized in 25 years previous to January 1, 1910, as per discussion on page 130.
Segment a. Gives total baptized from 1885 to 1904. Segment b. Shows total baptized from 1905 to 1909.
Figure 8. ii representing the total of children received into church in 25 years previous to January 1, 1910, as per discussion on page 130.
Segment a. Shows total received from 1885 to 1904.
Segment b. Shows total received from 1905 to 1909.
132
THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
retain its own children by adapting itself to them linguisti- cally.
An octagenarian living in Columbus, but who spent most of his life in Jackson county, in discussing the linguistic situ- ation with the writer said: "Pan ddaeth Saesneg i mewn i'r Settlement fe aeth crefydd i maes." (When English came into the Settlement religion went out of it.") Whatever may be said of that philosophy with respect to the Jackson and Gallia settlement, the recognition of the imminent need of English has saved the young people of the Welsh families to the . Calvinistic Methodist Church in Columbus. Only 29, or less than 6 percent, of the church members in the Calvinistic Methodist Church are native born descendants of the old Welsh families of Columbus who came here previous to the influx from the Jackson and Gallia and other local settlements. The large majority of the descendants of the old Welsh fam- ilies are in English churches of one denomination or another, and some of them in no church. Scores of them were lost to the Welsh church, no doubt, for linguistic reasons. The new group of Columbus born Welsh children, children of the Welsh who have come into Columbus in the past quarter of a century, are being held to the Welsh church largely because the church in recent years has tried to adapt itself to their condition. Today 212 young people under 21 years of age, and many others who are over 21 years old, are in the Welsh church and society while only 12.7 percent of those under 21 years can understand the Welsh language with any reasonable degree of intelligence.
It is evident that a great change has come over the Welsh social mind in recent years. The Welsh church in Columbus is awakening to the new conditions, and an endeavor is being made to meet the need, at least in the church society, by in- trodueing English into the church services. The Welsh group in Columbus has been transformed from the ancient type of Welsh society into a modern Welsh community. The church is awake to modern and present day problems. The Welsh
133
THE PROCESS OF CHANGE
of Columbus are now studying the conditions which surround their people.1
INTERMARRIAGE AFFECTS CHURCH MEMBERSHIP
Intermarriage between the Welsh and people of other nationalities reveals a change in their social thinking. While it reveals a change it also produces change. Only a few de- cades ago to marry outside of the Welsh nationality was looked upon with disfavor and even as a disgrace in some in- stances. Intermarriage with other nationalities is now a com- mon thing among the Welsh people, as our statistics on mar- riage and conjugal relation point out very clearly. Out of 17 marriages solemnized by the writer as pastor of the Cal- vinistic Methodist Church, 8 were between persons, one of whom was a member of his church (and of pure Welsh blood) with persons of other nationalities. From the general canvass of the city we found that out of 653, 19.6 percent, were of parties both of whom were Welsh; 80.4 percent, were between parties one of whom was Welsh and the other a person of some other nationality.2 Such an extensive intermarriage with other peoples must have a great influence in breaking down the boundaries of a distinctly Welsh type of society.
The Welsh have not only intermarried with different na- tionalities, but also with persons of many and various religious persuasions and this affects the Welsh church problem. They are united with persons in a religious way whose persuasions and confessions are not even known to the Welshman in his own country, such as Lutherans, United Brethren, etc. Eight Welshmen were members of the Catholic church while 21 others had married Catholics; and a larger number than that had married Lutherans and some united with the Lutheran church as a result. These influences in a religious and social way, together with the influences of the schools upon the young, the influence of business intercourse and commercial relations existing between Welshmen and men of other nation-
1 The proposed "Welsh Social Center" is an evidence of this.
2 See Appendix D .; also Figures 3 and 4, pages 84 and 86.
134
THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
alities, sufficiently account for the tremendous change on the part of the Welsh group in Columbus in recent years.
CONCLUSION
From a study of the conditions revealed in the foregoing chapters, the following facts may be noted :
1. The Welsh of Columbus, by adapting themselves to surrounding conditions, are rapidly becoming assimilated into the American population of the city, and consequently their Welsh characteristics and institutions are vanishing.
2. The Welsh language is rapidly passing out of use both in the home and in the church. The rising generation cannot speak it.
3. Intermarriage between Welsh persons and persons of other nationalities is very general and widespread, and this modifies conditions in Welsh society.
4. Intermarriage between members of the Welsh church and people of other religious persuasions in other nationalities affects the Welsh church and society.
5. Welsh parents insist on their children being faith- ful to the Welsh church. At the same time they insist on having the Sunday morning service in the Welsh language which the growing generation does not understand. Many churches of the Calvinistic Methodist denomination have but one English preaching service in the month and some have no English preaching.
6. The Welsh church must apply itself more vigorously to adapting itself to the rapidly changing linguistic condi- tions. It is now time that English were introduced into the morning service on Sunday. With about one-half of the society unable to speak Welsh and the entire membership able to understand English preaching, it is to be hoped that the rising generation may soon be favored with some English preaching on Sunday morning in Columbus.
7. If the leaders in the Calvinistic Methodist Church in the United States continue to insist on preserving the Welsh
135
THE PROCESS OF CHANGE
language in the church services, as they have in the past they will find the church, in the not distant future, a church with- out an efficient ministry such as it now enjoys. Candidates for the christian ministry in the Welsh church today have their ears to the ground, and they read the signs of the times, and they will likely enter the ministry where linguistic limi- tations will not be a handicap to their usefulness.
8. The Welsh Calvinistic Methodist denomination, if it is determined to exist as a separate body for some time to come, should study its parish or community socially, and through its knowledge of social conditions serve the people- their social and spiritual need-through the medium of a language which all the people understand. The motto of the Welsh church in the community, socially speaking, should be -Adaptation.
9. The ultimate fate of the Calvinistic Methodist (or Welsh Presbyterian) denomination in this country will be complete assimilation into the Presbyterian Church in the United States. This will take place in one or the other of two ways, viz. by Union or by Absorption; and the longer Union is postponed, the more rapidly will Absorption take place. With the present condition of widespread intercourse, both social and commercial, and while sharing the language and life common to Americans and mingling freely with all other peoples, the Welsh cannot continue in a church based on and limited to a single race.
The fond dream of the Welshman of the past has been for a community in America strictly Welsh, uncontaminated by extraneous influences, and in which the Welsh language might ever flourish. But this is not to be. The process of Ameri- canization will prevail over the efforts of any foreign group to the contrary. And under the influence of American insti- tutions an American type of man will ultimately be evolved. Local groups or communities may try to stay this process, if they will, by clinging to some cardinal custom of their re- spective father-lands or mother-tongues, but ultimately all
136
THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
must be melted into a uniform American people. Marks of other races will vanish in our country and an American type will be the result. Every people who come to our shores will contribute some element which will affect the character of the ultimate American, but in making its contributions every foreign community will spend itself.
The Welsh in America have come to stay. Their descend- ants, as they go down through the generations, are destined to lose their identity through amalgamation and assimilation. But while they thus lose their life, they also find it; for in losing their identity they make their permanent contribution to the American race. Nothing of intrinsic value will be lost, but will exist as a lasting element in American civilization. Welsh communities in America, then, should apply them- selves to rearing citizens imbued with the highest American ideals of education, religion and citizenship. This does not mean that they should think less of the Land of their Fathers, but that they should think more of their adopted land and the home their children, and thus do their part in contribut- ing to the development of the highest possible type of Ameri- can citizen.
APPENDIX A.
TABLE II.
Total Number of Members Received Into the Calvinistic Methodist Church by Letters in 25 Years Previous to January 1, '10. Grouped in such a Way as to Indicate the Sources from which They Came.
Year
Bethania
Lo Centerville
· · Coalton
1 - Horeb
Po Ironton
1L Jackson
ON · Moriah
HH Oak Hill
· · Penuel
O · Portsmouth
Pomeroy
CASHN Sardis
· Zoar
NA A Salem
Zion
ON A Horeb
- Valley
· · · Radnor
- Hocking Valley
1 - Cincinnati
- - Scattering in Ohio
Columbus (English)
NAO Other States
29 Wales G. B,
Totals
1885
0
C + + Bethel
A
4
HO
0
5
0
0
0
9
2
5
2
0
0
2
0
0
3
2
2
0
0
0
0
6
0
2
1 0
5 6 4
2
1
1
2
1889
0
1
0
6
0
1
5
1
2
3
1
0
2
-
1
0
1
1
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1895
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1 2
1
0
0
1898
1
1
2
0
1
2
0
4
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
2
3
0
0
0
5
1901
0
0
3
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
4
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
5
1902
2
0
6
0
0
1 0
1
1
0
5
0
5 4
0 0
0
0
0
9
1
0
0
0
1905
1906
0
1
3
0
0
4
0
2
3
2
3
0
00
3
0
0
0
0
2
1907
0
1
3
0
1
1
1908
0
0
1 2
0 0
0 1
2 2
0
1
0 0
3 3
0 0
0
0
0
1909
0
0
Totals
8 30 78
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
-
0
1
0
0
1
1 0
0 0
1897
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1.
4
2
3
4
0 0
1899
13
0
11
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
1900
0
2 0
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
70 56 60 30 43 30 23 7 21 21 23 27 42 35 23 28 40
1888
2
2 3
5
1
1
0
2
1
0
0
1
5
1891
0
3
2
0
4
5
0
1
3
0
0
3
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
1893
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1894
0 0
2 0 1
4 1
2
4
7
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1 0
1 0
0
1
1 3
00
2
0 0
0
-
0
1
1
4 4
1 0
6
1887
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
1
5
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0 0
1
0
0
0
1886
0
1 16
0
8
0
1
6
4 11
6
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1890
4
1892
0
0
0
0
0
0
1896
1
0
0
2
1 0
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
4
2
9
3
1903
0
1904
0
0
4
0
4
2
0
0
0
7
4
2
0
0
0
O
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
0 0 1 3
092
0 1
0
0
0
0
3 2
0 0 4
0
0
1
00
0
1
0
O
1
2 10 12 49 32 42 35 18
801
71 24 13 14 13
2 19 34
5
6 11 43 9 73 43 88 17
Congregational
~ ~ Sugar Creek
Newark & Sharon
Bethel
0
0
0 0
1
1 0 1
2 1
0 0 4 3 1 0
0 4 0
0 0 2 0 0
1
0 0
0
1 0 0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0 0
0 0
0
1 0
1
4
2
0
0
0
00
0 1 10
1
1
0
0
0
43 22 29 23 22
1
1
0
0
0
00
0
0
3
0
138
THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
APPENDIX B. TABLE V. AGE GROUPS ACCORDING TO SEX IN THE CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY
Age
Males Females Totals
Infants
.under 5 yrs.
27
24
51
Childhood
6 to 10 yrs.
22
28
11 to 15 yrs.
31-53
21-49
102
Youth
16 to 20 yrs.
27
32
59
Maturity
21 to 30 yrs.
57
59
31 to 40 yrs.
50
64
41 to 50 yrs.
39
48
51 to 60 yrs.
27-172
41-212
384
Old Age
.61 to 70 yrs.
17
31
71 to 80 yrs.
9
10
81 yrs. and over
4-30
5-46
76
TOTALS
309
363
672
APPENDIX C. TABLE VI. FOREIGN AND NATIVE BORN
Foreign born Welsh.
Native born of foreign
parents.
Native born, father foreign
and mother native.
Native born, father native and mother foreign.
Native born of native
parents.
Calvinistic Methodist Church and
society
.127
192
67
14 272
Regularly Classified in city at large. 269
415
152
26
411
Totals
.396
607
219
40
683
Total foreign born
396
Total native born
.1,549
139
APPENDIX
APPENDIX D. TABLES VIII., IX. and X. MARRIAGE AND INTERMARRIAGE AND THE NATIONNALITIES WITH WHOM THE WELSH HAVE INTERMARRIED TABLE VIII.
Foreign born Welsh.
Native born of foreign
parents.
Native born, father foreign
and mother native.
and mother foreign.
Native born of native
Unclassified group.
Totals.
The total number of marriages .. .. 108 185
70 4
212
653
Welsh males who married Welsh fe- males
42
20
1
0 13
52
128
The total number of mixed marriages. 66
165
69
4 199
22
525
Welsh males with females of other nationalities
52
122
49
4 160
12
399
Welsh females with males of other
nationalities
14
43
20
0 39
10
126
TABLE IX. MALES WHO INTERMARRIED
The total number of mixed marriages. 52
122 49 4 160 12 399
Welsh males who married Americans .. 31
90
35 3 126
4 289
Welsh males who married Germans ... 14 24 10 1 23 5 77
Welsh males who married Irish. 5
5 2
0
8
3 23
Welsh males who married Scotch. 2
3 2
0
2
0 9
Welsh males who married Norwegians 0
0
0
0
1
0
1
TABLE X. FEMALES WHO INTERMARRIED
Total number of mixed marriages .... 14 Welsh females who married Americans 11
29
16 0 32
4 82
Welsh females who married Germans .. 2
6
4
0
12
4 28
Welsh females who married Irish .... 1
3
0
0
4
1 9
Welsh females who married Scotch ... 0
5 0 0
0
1 6
Welsh females who married Swedes .. 0
0
0
0
1
0
1
43 20 0 39 10 126
Native born, father native
parents.
140
THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
APPENDIX E. TABLES XIII., XIV., XV.1
CHURCH MEMBERS, ATTENDANTS, AND NON-CHURCH-GOERS Classified according to their Foreign and Native born groups. TABLE XIII. a. CHURCH MEMBERS
Foreign born Welsh.
Native born of foreign
parents.
Native born, father foreign
and mother native.
Native born, father native
and mother foreign.
Native born of native
Totals.
Total number of church members.
95
165
61
8 150
479
Total number of males.
46
75
26
6
82
232
Total number of females.
49
90
35
2
68
244
Total number of males who are single ..
4
27
10
3
23
67
Total number of females who are single 13
45
24
2
42
126
Total number of Welsh males who mar- ried Welsh females.
21
8
1
0
6 36
Total number of Welsh females who married Welsh males.
28
14
1
0
8
51
Total number of Welsh males who mar-
ried females of other nationalities .. 21
40
15
3
53
132
Total number of Welsh females who
married males of other nationalities 8
31
10
0
18
67
b. (incomplete)
Total number of church members.
53
27
10
3 34
127
Total number of males.
25
8
3
1
7
44
Total number of females.
28
19
7
22
27
83
parents.
1 Tables XIII., XIV. and XV. are in two parts, "a" and "b". The returns were not all as complete as we could wish for on this subject, and for that reason part ""b" in each table is given separate so as to permit us to give "a" as complete and with as much detail as possible for returns which were complete.
141
APPENDIX
TABLE XIV. a. CHURCH ATTENDANTS Who are not Members.
Foreign born Welsh.
· Native born of foreign
parents.
Native born, father foreign
and mother native.
A Native born, father native
and mother foreign.
Native born of native
Totals.
Total not members who attend.
49
35
97
282
Total number of males.
31
67
24
3
59
184
Total number of females.
18
30
11
1
38
98
Total of the males, single.
6
19
6
3
17
51
Total of the females, single
1
15
5
0
15
36
Total number of Welsh males who mar- ried Welsh females.
14
6
0
0
5 25
Total number of Welsh females who married Welsh males.
8
4
0
0
3
15
Welsh males who married females of other nationalities
10
34
16
1
33
94
Welsh females who married males of other nationalities
3
4
5
0
13
25
b. (incomplete)
Total not members who attend.
16
15
3
0
12
46
Total number of males.
10
8
2
0
5
25
Total number of females
6
7
1
0
7
21
parents.
142
THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
TABLE XV. a. NON-CHURCH-GOERS
Foreign born Welsh.
Native born of foreign
Native born, father foreign
and mother native.
Native born, father native
and mother foreign.
Native born of native
parents,
Totals.
Total non-church-goers
49
100
42
11
113
315
Total number of males
39
87
33
7
97
263
Total number of females.
10
13
9
4
16
52
Total number of males, single.
12
33
15
7
43
110
Total number of females, single.
1
4
5
4
7
21
Welsh males who married Welsh females
7
6
0
0
2
15
Welsh females who married Welsh males
6
2
0
0
2
10
Welsh males who married females of other nationalities
20
48
18
0 52
138
Welsh females who married males of
other nationalities
3
7
4
0
7
21
b. (incomplete)
Total non-church-goers
7
11
1
0
5 24
Total number of these males
7
8
0
0
2
17
Total number of these females
0
3
1
0
3
7
parents.
143
APPENDIX
APPENDIX F.
WELSH PERIODICALS PUBLISHED IN AMERICA
1. "Cymro America," a bi-weekly established 1832; existed only a few months.
2. "Y Cyfaill," a denominational monthly of the Calvin- istic Methodist denomination established 1838, and is extant.
3. "Y Cenhadwr," a denominational monthly of the Con- gregational church, established 1840 and became ex- tinct about 1900.
4. "Y Dyngarwr," established 1842, and was united with "Y Cenhadwr" in 1844.
5. "Y Beread," a denominational bi-weekly of the Baptist denomination, established in 1842, and was published for about a year.
6. "Y Seren Gorllewinol," established in 1842 as an organ of the Baptist denomination, but has been discon- tinued for a great many years.
7. "Y Detholydd," a Congregational denominational organ established 1850, and was soon discontinued.
8. "Haul Gomer," established in 1884, and was discon- tinued after nine months.
9. "Y Drych," a national weekly established 1851 and is still extant.
10. "Cymro Americanaidd," a weekly established 1853; ab- sorbed by the Drych a little later.
11. "Y Gwyliedydd Americanaidd," established 1854; ab- sorbed by the Drych in 1855.
12. "Y Cylchgrawn Cenedlaethol," established 1853, and published quarterly until 1856.
13. "Y Traethodydd," established 1857, and published quar- terly until 1861 or 1862.
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THE WELSH OF COLUMBUS, OHIO
14. "Y Golygydd," established 1856, only four numbers were issued.
15. "Yr Arweinydd," established 1858 and continuing for three or four years.
16. "Y Bardd," established 1858; only five numbers of the "Bardd" were issued.
17. "Y Wasg," established 1871, absorbed by "Y Drych" in 1890.
18. "Baner America," established 1868, absorbed by the "Drych" in 1877.
19. "Y Columbia," established 1888, absorbed by the Drych in 1894. The "Columbia" was bi-lingual.
20. "Y Lamp," established in the early '90s as a Christian Endeavor organ of the Calvinistic Methodist Synod of Wisconsin; discontinued about six or eight years ago.
21. "Y Trysor," successor to "Y Lamp," issued two or three years.
22. "Seren Oneida" - These three were political organs
23. "Cyfaill yr Undeb"
24. "Yr Amserau" and lived but a short time.
Of the above papers and periodicals established and print- ed for the Welsh in America, only two survive today, viz. the "Drych," a national weekly; and "Y Cyfaill," a monthly, which is the official organ of the Calvinistic Methodist Church. in the United States.
There are, however, two periodicals designed for the Welsh in America printed in the English language: "The Cam- brian," a bi-weekly magazine, and "The Druid," a weekly paper.
ERROR
Reference to "Table VI., Page 94" on page 77, should read "Table VI., Appendix C."
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