USA > Ohio > The Western Reserve of Ohio and some of its pioneers, places and women's clubs, Vol. II > Part 31
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The Huns and Cimmerians embraced in the generic word Scythians made the sword their god and were called mare milkers; every man was a warrior. After a battle they burned with fagots any one who could not boast he had slain a man. They had faces incrusted with dirt and so fat as to lose all indi- vidual feature; men, women and children marched with them in their travels, rude wagons carrying their effects.
Each time they invaded Syria and even penetrated Egypt they made a longer stay, until as shepherd kings they mounted the throne and governed Egypt.
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The son of the king of Babylon and the daughter of the king of Media were united in marriage and the united kingdom attacked Nineveh. This siege was interrupted by an invasion of the Scythian. This invasion lasted three years. Assyria as well as Damascus and Babylon had enough arable land enclosed by a wall to support its population for ten or even twenty-five years.
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When this combined force attacked Arabus, he set fire to his city and with his people perished.
The conquered nations were obliged to send their quota of soldiers. These retained the arms of its people and they were designated or known by their helmet.
We see then, in these drawings, the man with bow and arrows with flowing hair confined by a band, the Scythians with a peaked cap, the Assyrians with a square top and the slain above and around as well as below the hero. The beard is supposed to be false from its fullness and its ringlets, so universally depicted, for in one place the beard is being lifted by a sword from off the face of one fallen in battle. In the bas- reliefs the vases are borne by captives as objects of tribute and often resembles the Egyptian pottery, or the Greek.
Bright yellow limestone was used for the human headed bulls. Music had only been represented of one kind that was a triangle.
On one obelisk was written, "eat, drink and lust, the rest is nothing." This combination of man and beast, for man to admire tended downward. No wonder that the first great com- mandment was to "make unto thee no graven image."
The Phonicians, whose country bordered the west of Syria and whose cities of Tyre and Sidon dated back 2,300 years be- fore Heroditus, were the commercial people of the world. Coast- ing along the shores of the Mediterranean, they established
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colonies in Libya, Sicily, Spain and even Britain and the Canary isles, before the reign of David or Solomon; their god, Heraklis, whose temple was situated in Tyre, gave the name to the straits of Gibraltar, called the pillars of Herakles or Hercules.
Nothing was known to the Greeks of the gold regions of, Spain until the sixth century. So completely had they blinded the eyes of all nations by their wonderful stories of the terrors of the sea.
One accidentally by a storm was driven to an island-near the coast of Libya and then again to the coast of Spain, and when arriving at the Tortessans, the gold mines, he was paid so much for his cargo, which he was attempting to carry to Egypt. His votive offering to the gods on his return to Greece amounted to 16,000 lbs.
He failed to know the route and another century passed before the Phonicians were disturbed with rivals. Then the Phrigians of Lydia undertook a settlement at Marseilles, France. They were added to by the king of Phrigia, but wars at home prevented any help and they finally left and settled in Sardinia.
It took seventy-five days to go from the mouth of the Nile to Gibraltar. The Greeks learned for the first time that their sea had boundaries. The sea beyond was said to be blocked up with sea-weed, mud, sand and fog, impossible to be navigated. The Phonicians directed the march of caravans across the deserts that separated Tyre from inner Asia and their descend- ants in Carthage were no less brave in pushing caravans into the interior of Africa.
We have here the source of the gold of Solomon. Enclosed in the walls of Damascus, Nineveh and Bablyon were many rich and populous villages and arable land, enough to feed all
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its people in case of siege. Tents and huts were for the lower order of people.
The palaces of the kings were monuments of what each had accomplished. Men and animals were portrayed on the outside of buildings and on the tombs. A hunting scene where Semira- mis herself is represented as throwing a javalin at a panther, when riding on horseback, and Numis as slaying a lion. The temple of Belus was a square after the manner of the Pyramids.
Layard in his excavation of Nimrod found the rooms long and narrow, slabs of a coarse alabaster or gypsum with the name of the king on each slab and sculpture and carvings rep- resenting the exploits of the king, and rules for agriculture on small slabs, now in British Museum.
Gigantic winged bulls were set at the entrance and divini- ties guarded the smaller doors. A black substance on the slabs, forming the entrance, reminded one of blood on the lintel of the door-posts in Egypt. Sun-dried brick completed the wall above the slabs and this in falling had been reduced again to earth and had completely covered the slabs, which when exposed to the air crumbled to dust.
The plains of Mesapotamia abound in this coarse alabaster, which is exposed in the gullies formed by the winter torrents.
Layard also speaks of the conception of flowers of seven petals springing from two tendrils, resembling in all its details, the tasteful ornament known in Ionic architecture as the honey- suckle. Alternating with this flower, is an object resembling a tulip. It is found in the embroideries of the two winged figures and establishes beyond a doubt, the origin of one of the most elegant embellishments of Greek art. It resembles also the net work of pomegranates in Solomon's Temple.
Mr. Ferguson conjectures that this represents the groves
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that led the Israelites into idolatry. A copper dagger handle was found in the ruins similar to the one engraved on the slab.
The tree of life or holy tree separated figures facing each other and was found in the room, the entrance of which was formed by the human-headed lions. This holy-tree is preserved in the religious systems of the East. Yellow bulls formed the entrance to another chamber, panelled with bas-reliefs, rep- resenting eagle-headed deities.
These also were separated by the sacred tree, except where a king stood between them. Around his neck was suspended the five mystic emblems, the sun, a star, a half moon, a trident and a horned cap, similar to those worn by the human-headed bulls. With the exception of the last, they were the symbols found on the sacred monuments of India. The sacred bull being also found in India.
Over the shoulder of an attendant was a towel such as is always given in the East, after a drink or after ablutions. With the head of a man, the body of a lion, an elephant and the wings of a bird, they formed the image of God; intelligence, strength, power, omnipresence.
Nineveh embraced an area of 200 miles. Damascus in its greatest prosperity was not much less.
Samcacherib had enriched Nineveh, with conquering the Medes and eight smaller nations. He sends word to Hezikiah to submit to him, for other nations could not withstand him, and offers 2,000 horses if he will furnish the riders.
Hezikiah refuses but is to pay a tribute of 30 talents of gold and 300 talents of silver equal to 12,000 dollars. To meet this demand Hezikiah cuts off the gold from the doors of the temple and from the pillars and again Samcacherib threatens Hezikiah.
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Isaiah, the prophet, was consulted and their prayer is heard and an angel destroys in one night 185,000 of the soldiers of the army. The king is slain by his two sons who flee, and his third son is his successor.
The siege of Troy is but a repetition of the daily siege of the East by the slow process, that every evening are robbed of their brightest treasures in the West.
That siege in its original form is the constant theme in the hymns of the veda. The dawn, Hermes, who disappears in the morning, will come back in the gloaming or with the light of the next day.
Whether Helen is carried by Theseus or Parie, she is al- ways recognized by her rightful husband, she meets him again at the setting of his life and dies with him pardoned and glorified.
Apart from all theological considerations, Larama in Sans- krit is the same word as Helena in Greek. Their names are phonetically identical in consonant, vowel and accent.
Larameya in Greek would be Heremias, meaning the Dawn's son. The gods of the Greek married and we find Jupiter the father of gods and man. Juno, his wife, Neptune, Juno's son. Each name for God expresses but one side of its object, its insufficiency, lead to the adoption of new names.
The incomprehensible being was seen in the winds, in the fire, the earthquake, long before it was recognized as the same as the voice within.
As long as the name stood only for the attributes of one god, no harm was done, but names have a tendency to become things and grow into ideals or idols.
Thus, Dawn or Dun was the original word for God, mean- ing to spring forth. So we have in the Rig-beda. The dawn
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with her jewels shown forth in all corners of the sky. So, the bright opened the dark cloth, the night.
In Latin Tu corresponds to Du, so that Ju in Jupiter cor- responds exactly with the Laustir Dyn. In Latin Deus means God. Theos in Greek. The principal object of the good, were those bright, being the sun, the day, the dawn, as opposed to the darkness called evil, mischievous.
This contrast is of very ancient date. Listen to their songs. "Then they looked upon the earth, these simple minded forefathers of yours and said within themselves, Where is the All-Father, If All-Father be not in this earth it will perish. Not in the sun, moon and stars for they will perish too. Where is he who abideth forever. Then they lifted un their eyes and saw as they thought, beyond all these, the boundless firmament of Heaven, that never changed. The All-Father must be there, bright and pure, silent and far off. So they named him after the Heaven, Tinseo. He was the father of gods and man. Man was the son of Tinseo and Heartha. Heaven and earth."
Plato knew it when he said, "That the earth as the Mother brought forth man. God was their shaper."
In the early German ballads, they looked to the gods as their ancestors. Death is called home-going, returning to God our Father and our dust to Mother Earth. Man, meant to measure, to think.
Herodities says words are the shadows of things like the pictures of trees and mountains reflected in the water. That the use of any words, except those supplied by nature, was not to speak, only to make a noise.
Demetrius took the opposite view and said words were ar- tificial, mere statues in sound, works of art not in brick or in stone but in sound. Statues not made by man, but by God himself.
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Epicurus says, if words are suggested by nature, they ought to be the same in all countries, because man differs slightly in different countries, but language has to pass through the second stage, that of agreeing upon certain sounds for certain conceptions. It is not accidental variety that survives, but those words absolutely necessary to convey our meaning in the work of life that come nearest to the original intention or idea.
In 1383 B. C. Ceres came into Greece and taught the art of making bread. Daneus arrives from Egypt in 1475 B. C., he navigates the first ship seen there. His fiftieth daughter, Helen, is the only one who refuses to destroy her husband. Her husband, Leneus, succeeds her to the throne of her father.
Paris, who stole Helen, the daughter of Iyndorus, was the son of Priam, king of Troy and Aeneas, second son of Priam, marries Lav- rian, daughter of Latimus, King of Italy.
Hercules, who for the priority of birth, was called upon to perform so many wonderful feats, is one of the gods. The rhapsodists were dealing a death blow to their religion by these pictures of sin and crime, among the gods.
In old times, the poets were the preachers, expounding the responses of oracles and everything was done by oracle, even to the establishment of herdsmen on the throne.
The Jews were not exempt, as Saul was chosen by Samuel, by direct command, as when you see a young man of ruddy countenance. When you see a man coming into town with a wagon, select him as your king.
A new class of teachers called philosophers, who discarded polytheism and taught pure morals caused a contest between
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philosophy and poetry. Yet, Pindar, a poet, ridicules artificial wisdom which attempts a thousand virtues, but attains none.
Yet, he is on the defensive and manipulates the myths and denies the stories of murder and idolatry among the gods. No attempted truce could save the old Greek religion. Men of ex- citement and fatigue desire rest, with pleasures that will expel all thoughts of serious things and do not care for the soothing recreation of conversation. So the ancient Athenians delighted in coarse and unseemly exhibitions.
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CLEVELAND HEALTH PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION
At one of the sessions of Sorosis Mrs. Nevada Davis Hitch- cock, once a student in Oberlin, gave a very interesting account of the efforts of Colonel George Waring, Jr., as Street Commis- sioner of New York. He had been a close friend of Mayor Strong.
When elected, the Mayor wrote Colonel Waring: "The streets of New York are yours. I make you Street Commis- sioner." He accepted. The first place to clean was Hexter Street, where barrels of ashes, overflowing with other rubbish, were in the midst of numerous moving wagons.
He had first brown, then blue duck, and lastly white duck, for the uniforms of street cleaners. Therefore they were called "White Wings," for any reform is ridiculed in its beginning. He found white remained a better color when washed.
He said to the Mayor: "There must be pride in one's pro- fession to make it a success. These street cleaners are as nec- essary to the life of the city as the firebrigade. We must have them march in your city procession on holidays. We must have captains and lieutenants and proper utensils. A new and model cart must be had, one with a bag at the side for broom and brush and a cover for the cart and for the shovel that cleans the dirt. Each man in the center of the city must have but one block to keep clean. In the suburbs he can have two. The streets must be cleaned often, so it will be easy to keep them clean. There must be waste paper boxes so that people will not throw paper and waste on the streets."
This, to the credit of Colonel Waring, was all done. The superintendents of several blocks wore a uniform of brown duck, and a place was erected to put their tools at night.
MRS. M. B. SCHWAB FOUNDER OF COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN MEMBER OF H. P. A.
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It was found that rubbish is better for the reduction plant if it is assorted-the ashes kept by themselves, also the broken glass and china, so as not to destroy the machinery-and that enough fat was made to make soap that would pay all expenses of the reduction plant. He also found that waste paper should be kept free from crumbs, and then it would sell at paper mills, but if full of crumbs and other litter it cost more to clean it than it was worth.
Therefore a campaign of education was necessary. House- keepers should co-operate with the city and receive the best of service in consequence. He was told that old rubber was sold at five cents a pound and that it was gathered up in various towns and brought to New York to the amount of $750,000 a year.
That factory ashes were used for making bricks for fire- proof buildings and were used in loose form for laying between floors and ceilings and open bricks for the sides of rooms, and that a process had been invented to give a glaze so they could be used for interiors, but not be used for exteriors.
He was informed that our merchants were selling their old wrapping paper to paper mills and receiving in return their new wrapping paper, and yet, if they had to hire two men to sort it, it did not pay and they were burning it in the furnace.
Complaints came to Colonel Waring that the horse-manure from stables was a nuisance, when it was dumped in the river or sound, for it would float back to shore. So he had scows to take it out twenty miles. This manure is now put in hogs- heads and carted away each morning to prevent the smell of it.
The Municipal Association of Cleveland invited Colonel George Waring, Jr., to address them. He was also invited by the ladies of the Health Protective Association to an interview at the Hollenden on the same afternoon. He there said: "I
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have sent the Street Commissioner's Report to every large city of the United States. You will find it in your Public Library." And from it they took the pledge of the Junior Auxiliary, which says : "We, who are to become citizens of Cleveland, one of the most beautiful cities of the United States, desire to have it pre- sent a neat and cleanly appearance. We therefore agree not to litter its streets and as far as in our power, prevent others from so doing, in order that our city may be as clean and pure as she is beautiful."
This work so interested members of Sorosis that a meeting was called at Mrs. Rufus Ranney's, 758 Euclid Avenue, in Feb- ruary, 1898, to form a Health Protective Association, similar to the one in New York, of ladies who wished to assist in this civic betterment.
Mrs. Ranney had given her coachman a standing order to pick up papers that were scattered by girls of a boarding school next door. Her horse had run away with fright twice because of those papers.
Mr. N. Coe Stewart, just returned from a visit in New York, had photographs of the White Wings, also of Colonel Waring, Jr., and of a parade where the fire companies were preceded by the White Wings. "For," Colonel Waring said, "the force must have as much respect shown them as other city officials."
Mrs. Hitchcock, still a reporter of the New York Sun and Herald, gave them an account of this new club, and they were invited to send delegates to the national meeting to be held in Philadelphia in six weeks from that time. First one and then another accepted the place, only to decline later, and the presi- dent, Mrs. Rose, sent her name as a delegate at the last moment. Unfortunately she missed the train by about five min- utes, owing to difference in time, and as her address was to be
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the first one, she telegraphed the facts and sent her speech by special delivery. She was complimented by being appointed treasurer of the National Society, and as she was not there to decline, she wrote them she would accept if a banker would assume all the duties, as she was not expert in finances. The little she had to say was put in the report of the proceedings.
Being one of the officials, she invited the next meeting to be in Cleveland. It was accepted. Headquarters were at the Stillman and the convention held in Unity Church, where the ladies of the church served two meals each day. They had re- ports from social settlements, cooking in the public schools, the National Cash Register of Dayton, O., and the Health Pro- tective Associations of Oberlin and Canton, and speeches from national officers of Philadelphia, New York, Plainfield, and New- ark, N. J., Toledo, O., Indianapolis, Ind., and other cities. An excursion was made to Oberlin by trolley. The interest in civics was promoted by stereopticon views.
Expenses of Convention, May 8, 9, 10, 11, 1899.
Hollenden reception $ 25.00
Stillman Hotel 26.87
Unity Church 10.00
Miss Bertha Gains, stenographer 5.00
Miss Dora Blum, pianist. 5.00
Mr. Wagner, florist 5.00
Mrs. E. G. Willson, florist. 8.00
Seeds, Mrs. Schwab 3.13
Telephone to convention .26
Mrs. Osgood, rebate
10.00
Mrs. Olive P. Amies, rebate. 10.68
Mrs. Kerr, Dayton, Ohio, rebate. 6.00
Mrs. Moody, Indianapolis, R. R., rebate 6.00
Miss Queen, Philadelphia, rebate. 10.00
Programs
11.00
$141.94
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Officers
Mrs. William G. Rose, President.
Mrs. S. P. Churchill, Vice-President.
Mrs. S. M. Perkins, Cor. Secretary.
Mrs. Stephen Buhrer, Rec. Secretary.
Mrs. H. G. Boon, Treasurer.
Mrs. N. A. Gilbert, Historian.
Mrs. C. E. Weyman, Auditor.
Mrs. J. S. Wood, Printing.
Reception Committee
Mrs. E. W. Doane,
Mrs. Leo Dautel,
Mrs. M. H. Barrett,
Mrs. J. T. Foote,
Mrs. M. G. Brown,
Miss Stella Hatch,
Mrs. J. M. Chandler,
Mrs. John Hutchins,
Mrs. J. L. Hess,
Miss Anna Edwards,
Mrs. M. A. Hoag,
Mrs. N. A. Gilbert,
Mrs. Tom Johnson,
Mrs. Ralph Hitchcock,
Mrs. W. J. McKinnie,
Mrs. A. J. Cooke,
Mrs. James Mason,
Mrs. W. S. Kerruish,
Mrs. W. B. Neff,
Mrs. T. Spencer Knight,
Miss Mary Quintrell,
Mrs. O. C. Lawrence, Mrs. O. D. Meyer,
Mrs. Joshua Ross,
Mrs. N. Coe Stewart,
Mrs. S. M. Perkins,
Mrs. Martin Taylor,
Mrs. M. B. Schwab, Mrs. W. G. Rose,
Mrs. A. S. Upson,
Dr. Lillian Towslee,
Mrs. D. E. Wright,
Miss Mary Upson,
Mrs. R. P. Ranney,
Mrs. Willis Vickery,
Mrs. T. D. Crocker,
Mrs. F. W. Lothman,
Mrs. D. H. Beckwith,
Mrs. Stephen Buhrer,
Mrs. Alice Cannon,
Mrs. X. X. Crum,
Mrs. W. J. Akers, Mrs. J. S. Wood.
Mrs. W. A. Knowlton.
Mrs. H. W. Kitchen,
Mrs. E. B. Hale,
Mrs. Mars Wagar,
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Committee of Arrangements
Mrs H. L. Ambler,
Mrs. J. M. P. Phelps,
Mrs. E. G. Wilson,
Mrs. C. E. Weyman,
Mrs. W. H. Garlock,
Mrs. W. T. Stumm,
Mrs. C. J. Seabrooke,
Mrs. Philip Dillon,
Mrs. M. A. Howleete,
Mrs. A. L. Bassett,
Miss Wuest,
Miss Cora Lee.
Music
Violin and Piano, Mr. Earnest Farmer and Mrs. Wm. G. Pearson. Greeting by Mrs. Wm. G. Rose.
Recitation. Mrs. Harriet B. Roosa.
Domestic Science Prof. Perla G. Bowman, Ohio State University. Introduced by Lillian G. Towslee, M. D.
How to Promote Health. Dr. H. L. Ambler, Dean of Dental College, Western Reserve University. Introduced by Mrs. Martin Streibinger.
The Junior Auxiliary . Mrs. Wm. R. Pearson, Chairman of Department in Euclid Ave. Baptist Church. Introduced by Mrs. F. E. Shipherd. Chairman of Department in Plymouth Church.
Recitation . Miss Flora Haroff, Cleveland School of Oratory.
The New Library Building Mrs. J. E. Snow, Introduced by Miss Mary Quintrell.
The City Council. .A. G. Carpenter, Esq. Member of Sixth Councilmanic District. Introduced by Mrs. A. F. House.
The Chamber of Commerce. Mr. X. X. Crum. Introduced by Mrs. N. A. Gilbert.
Colonel George E. Waring. Josiah Hartzell, Ph. D., Member of State Board of Health, Canton, Ohio. Introduced by Mrs. J. K. Hord.
Invocation by the Rev. Marion Murdock, Pastor of Unity Church.
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Celery
Menu BLUE POINTS Salted Almonds Consomme de Volaillee LOBSTER A LA NEWBERG
Olives
Chicken Croquettes, Supreme Petits Pois SORBET SOROSIS Roast Golden Plover, Sur Canape
Saratoga Chips
TORTONI GLACE
Cresses
Fruit Salad Cheese
Cakes
Coffee
HEALTH PROTECTIVE LEAGUE CONVENTION Cleveland, Ohio, May 9-12, 1899 Social Settlements By Mr. Geo. Bellamy.
I am glad to be with you, and I am interested in the work you represent. We need to take better care of the health of the children in this and other cities of our country. Too little at- tention is paid to this. Settlement work is comparatively new to all and presents a growth large and mighty.
About twelve or fourteen years ago the first settlement was organized. Arnold Toynbee imbibed the spirit of brother- hood from Ruskin and felt that a great work had to be done. After leaving Oxford he went down into the dark places of London and felt that something could be done for those people and determined to live down there in East London. It was not long before his life was spent and his spirit entered eternity. But he had inspired the students of Oxford, and a memorial was built to him-the first social settlement.
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Not long after a lady of independent wealth, the graduate of a college and traveling in Glasgow, saw in an alley a poor little child, dirty and with no pleasure in life. She asked her- self, What do I owe to this child? What were all these things given to me for? As she studied the thought, and compared herself with this little child, her life was given for the benefit of these children.
Securing a room near a saloon in Chicago Jane Addams opened the first social settlement in this country. The spirit which started Toynbee Hall has grown into an organized form and there are now 80 or 90.
Reception, May 8th
At 7:30 p. m., in the Banquet Room of the Hollenden. Presiding Officer, Mrs. W. G. Rose. Five Minute Addresses. . Presidents of local Literary Clubs MUSIC.
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