USA > Ohio > Champaign County > The history of Champaign county, Ohio, containing a history of the county; its cities, towns, etc.; general and local statistics; portraits of early settlers and prominent men; history of the Northwest territory etc > Part 29
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This little reminiscence of the ante-war days is significant of the popular thought then in its formative state. The time was soon to come when thought was to take shape in action.
April 12, 1861, the Confederate forces at Charleston, S. C., bombarded Fort Sumter-a fort built on an artificial island at the mouth of Charleston Harbor, and under command of Gen. Robert Anderson. The evident object of the bombardment was to give assurance to the world that the dissolution of the Union was complete, and, by the overt act of treason, remove all hope of & reconciliation of differences between the North and South, and to intimidate the States which remained loyal to a continued union of all the States into acqui- escence in the dissolution.
If such were the purposes, the result proved them fallacious. The firing on Sumter only gave assurance to the country that the issue had to be fought out on the battle-field, and that compromises and proclamations were empty trifling. Delay gave strength and opportunity to the rebel cause. In the excitement that followed, Champaign wheeled into line for the Union.
Whatever latent patriotism may have remained in the South, or whatever mental reservations may have been made, under an apparent devotion to the newly formed Confederacy, the revolting States, to all intents and purposes, were a unit. It was no spasmodic effort, excited by some fancied or real danger, but the result of a long-contemplated purpose. The previous Presiden- tial term had given unusual facilities for preparation, and the confederated States in rebellion entered the contest organized, armed and equipped with all the appliances necessary to carry on a deadly and protracted war.
The lapse of a few years has removed much of the rubbish which obscured the facts. The South charged that the interests of its section were endangered, and that for the maintenance of its interests any State had the right to with- draw from the Union and set up an independent government for itself, or join any other political organization, without interference or objection on the part of the Government from which it had seceded. The Northern States denied the right, and asserted that, if granted, it involved not only the disintegration of the nation, but the building-up of hostile and belligerent States, dangerous to the common welfare, and entailing a civil war, to be continued until one or the other should be exterminated.
It required no prophetic vision to see that, if slavery were restricted to a limited territory, its extinction would be inevitable. It would break down from its own weight. In this anticipated danger lies the unwritten history of the civil war. The ambition of a few disappointed politicians and the cruel selfish-
269
HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
ness of less than a hundred thousand slave owners cost the nation more than three thousand millions of treasure and over half a million of lives.
The distinctive opinions which had divided the political parties of the coun- try became merged in the more important question at issue, which was to be settled by the wager of battle. The great body of the men of all parties in the Northern States were loyal to an unbroken union of States. A considerable element remained to give aid and comfort to the enemy, terror-stricken at the chances of a forced draft, and too cowardly to enlist ; many blinded by the con- taminating influences of slavery; and not a few from " unadulterated cussed- ness." In the contest, differences of opinion unavoidably arose as to the best mode of prosecuting the war, and of the conduct of officials. But two parties were recognized, patriots and traitors. The latter were too insignificant in influ- ence and numbers in Champaign to require special notice. If the nation in the hour of its success could afford to restore to the active and unrepentant rebel the privileges of citizenship which he had vilely thrown away, it can, with equal magnanimity, forgive and forget the sympathizer, who, with mistaken judg- ment, gave aid and comfort to treason.
In the Army of the Republic, in the organizations from Ohio, Champaign County, in whole orin part, was represented by the following-named regiments :
Second Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Third Cavalry. Twelfth Cav- alry, Thirteenth Infantry, Twenty-sixth Infantry, Thirty-second Infantry, Forty-second Infantry, Forty-fifth Infantry, Sixty-sixth Infantry, Ninety-fifth Infantry, One Hundred and Thirteenth Infantry, One Hundred and Thirty- fourth Ohio National Guards, to which are to be added colored troops and cit- izens of Champaign enrolled in other organizations. Total number, 2,025.
The total losses of the county were: Killed in battle, 151 ; died of wounds, 78; died in Confederate prisons, 48; died by drowning, 3; died by steamboat explosion, 6; died by disease, 292. Total, 578.
The Militia .- The early settlers of the county were generally good marks- men, and it was usual for each family to own a trusty rifle. In anticipation of Indian raids, volunteer companies were formed as minute-men, at an early day, and a common danger made all soldiers for the time. The war of 1812 gave encouragement to the hostile Indians, and induced the formation of companies for the common defense. Among these was a rifle company under command of Capt. Joseph C. Vance. Also, companies were enlisted by John McCord, Abner Barrett and Philip Kizer, of which they were respectively elected Captains .. When the necessity for their services was past, these companies disbanded. The holiday parade had little attraction for them. From time to time, volunteer com- panies were organized, but after one or two years' service at "general muster," 4th of July and drill days, they went quietly out of existence, to make way for other patriotic young men to follow in the same way. The inducements offered by the State were not sufficient to continue the organizations, and the glory was a poor substitute for the loss of time and money. A State law was enacted, requiring the enrollment of citizens of twenty-one years of age, and their formation into companies in their respective precincts. These companies were required to spend one day of each year in drill, and on the following day to meet at a place designated, for what was called the general muster, for inspec- tion by the Brigadier General, and the performance of the various evolutions required of large bodies of militia. The Captain and other officers were elected by the company to serve two years, and due public notice was given of the time and place of parade. The grand muster was held in July or
-
270
HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
August, and several times on the farms east of the Ludlow line, in Union Town- ship, then belonging to John Protsman and the Rohrers ; now owned by the Protsman heirs and William Madden, and also in Mad River Township, near Westville.
The general muster brought out a great concourse of people, and to a large number it was a day of hilarity and fun. Raids on the watermelon patches within miles of the parade-ground were made, and, if roasting-ears were ripe, the corn-fields of the neighborhood offered extensive facilities for foraging. Whisky and hard cider were plenty, and so were fights and black eyes. Insub- ordination in the ranks was unusual ; but there was not great effort made to keep " eyes right " and "toes out," nor to form in a mathematically direct line. The law required each man to carry a gun, but scarcely one in ten com- plied with the requisition. Walking-sticks, broom-handles and pieces of board, sawed and whittled into the shape of a fowling-piece, supplied the omission. It was Falstaff's company on a large scale. The home companies were still less particular. Many, to avoid the fine for that day's omission, would then turn out who would not attend the general parade. The common impression was that, for the purpose of teaching military tactics, or to hold the body of the county as minute-men for any emergency that might arise, the whole thing was a miserable farce. Yet there were plenty of men ambitious to serve in the capacity of Captain or Lieutenant. The office of General, Colonel or Major gave a certain prominence which was not without its political or professional value, and the higher officers exhibited a military pride in the parade. The review by the commanding officer and his suite, and the orderly march of the regiments, in battalions and companies, led by volunteer companies in uniform, with bands of music, "with plumes and banners gay," made no mean show ; while a march through the town, filling up the street for the distance of several squares, was quite as imposing as more modern shows of no more practical value.
Gen. Hamilton, for many years and until his death, in 1842, was the com- manding officer of the brigade. He was a small man, about five feet six inches in height, sat erect on his horse and led the troops with all the dignity of the profession. He knew more of the law than of military evolutions. He rode a fine, large, gray horse, stringhalted in the right leg, which, in his cavort- ing around, was jerked up and down in time with the music.
Dr. Fyffe was a large, fine-looking officer, with short legs and long body, who always rode a magnificent bay horse, and rode well. He had a sonorous voice, which could be heard above all the din of the field. Col. Dye was tall and military looking, felt the importance of his position, but was nervous and excitable. To him the whole affair meant business, and he wore a face as sol- emn as one going to a funeral. The Major, Joseph A. Nelson, when on duty, made the most of it. He was of small stature, five feet six inches in height, and well proportioned, athletic and muscular. He was a man of rare common sense. To him the military parade was a spectacle to be enjoyed by others. Generally simple in his tastes and dress, on dress parade, he believed in "fuss and feathers." His uniform then was faultless, and he wore a profusion of ruffles on his shirt-bosom-stylish and showy. When the regiment was dis- missed, the ruffles and buttons were laid aside with his other military trappings, and he was again the man of simple tastes and business habits.
With all the "parade, pomp and circumstance" of the tented field- enjoyed by some and used by others-the "soldiers " composing the " rank
271
HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
and file" saw that it was a' pretense of military practice and an enforced holiday.
Volunteer companies have been organized from time to time, but have gen- erally been of short life. In 1876, a volunteer company, styled the Urbana Guards, was organized in Urbana, under the revised laws of the State. The company, as organized, numbered eighty-nine members, and elected for offi- cers : Captain, B. F. Ganson; First Lieutenant, Charles Kulencamp; Second Lieutenant, Thomas Binkard; First Sergeant, J. M. Knight; Second Ser- geant, R. J. Winder; Third Sergeant, George McDonald; Fourth Sergeant, C. S. Kirtland ; Fifth Sergeant, C. E. Colwell.
The uniform adopted was a full gray-being the West Point suit com- plete.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
Latitude 40° 6' north ; longitude 83º 43' west ; and 1,044 feet above tide-water.
We here present the result of meteorological observations made by Mr. Milo G. Williams, at Urbana, during a period of twenty-five years, from 1852 to 1877. The observations and records were made in accordance with the forms adopted by the Smithsonian Institution ; the regular hours of observation being 7 o'clock A. M., 2 P. M., and 9 P. M.
The temperature at sunrise, as indicated by the thermometer, is recorded as the minimum for that day. The annual minimum and maximum are the lowest and highest points for the year, without regard to the regular times of observation.
The degree of cloudiness is indicated by numbers, the scale being from 10 to 0, 10 indicating entire cloudiness, 5 one-half, and 0 entire clearness. The course of the clouds is given to eight points of the compass, and the prevailing course for each day recorded.
TABLE I .- THERMOMETER. The monthly and annual means ; the highest and lowest points each year, and the annual range for 25 years.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Ann'l Low't | Hig'st Ann'l Me'ns Point. Point. R'nge
1852
19.94
31.33
40.04
48.98
63.22
68.28
74.81
71.65
62.70
58.60
38.70
36.04
51.36
-20
94
114
1853
32. 95
32.60
38.66
50.56
60.30
73.50
70.70
71.21
63,98
48.61
45.57
31.40
51.67
- 2
92
94
1854
29.46
35.62
43.77
50.96
02.84
70.85
77.53
74.35
70.00
55.27
38.78
30.85
53.36
- 4
98
102
1855
25.55
22.53
32.80
53.38
62.63
67.12
75.08
72.50
67.22
49.03
42.95
28.77
50.29
- 6
95
101
1856
14.39
19.32
27.34
52.52
58.81
71.73
75.05
66.66
62.10
53.35
38.28
21.93
46.79
-23
97
120
1857
14.37
38.95
34.35
39.56
55.93
67.98
72.84
71.70
65.40
50.00
35.44
35.87
48.53
-19
93
112
1858
36.45
20.70
38.73
49.30
59.00
73.40
73.39
71.83
64.99
55.50
35.36
37.08
51.48
-13
97
110
1859
29.19
32.74
45.60
48.00
66.10
67.93
74.70
71.28
63.16
47.90
43.70
22.00
51.20
-10
96
106
1860
29.11
30.61
42. 14
51.62
66.23
69.77
72.73
71.68
60.90
53.50
36.90
26.23
50.95
-11
93
104
1861
27.26
36.71
38.38
49.43
61.67
71.17
71.34
64.49
50.42
39.88
36.20
51.64
1
95
94
1862
29.03
28.06
37. 66
50.93
61.28
66.70
68.15
74.03
74.52
72.56
63.12
48.48
41.09
27.71
49.88
-16
95
111
1865
19. 96
30.08
43.44
53.07
61.64
74.50
71.81
69.70
72.37
50.00
53.38
40.86
26.47
49.52
-12
91
103
1867
17.89
34.34
25. 09
32.88
29.07
33.15
46.85
56.43
64.64
71.41
72.67
74.68
61.54
55.55
37.01
26.25
52.61
-17
96
113
1872
24.13
28. 60
31.80
53.74
63.44
71.83
76.81
74.03
66.37
52.18
33.75
20.20
49.58
-18
96
114
1873
12. 90
27.25
35.41
49.93
63. 40
73.92
73.93
72.95
63.05
48.83
34.12
34.86
50.05
-26
94
120
1874
31. 98
32.25
39.38
43.80
65.30
75.20
75.71
74.43
68.94
53.44
39.82
33.65
52.83
-- 11
99
110
1875
19.08
19.04
35.47
46.77
61.79
68.60
73.37
67.81
61.30
50.01
37.56
38.78
48.30
-14
93
107
1876
36.19
34.77
35.40
50.32
64.23
71.57
75.19
73.13
63.50
49.34
40.53
19.73
51. 16
-12
93
105
Means 26.51
29.80
37.50
50.14
61.95
570.57
74.47
71.84
60.84
51.52
39.25 29.74
50.86
1
93
92
1864
25.11
32.98 30.30
35.73
46.84
55.77
58.73
69.31
75.46
73.89
73.08
68.10
54.70
45.11
28.57
49.65
-15
94
109
1868
21.75
49.49
-17
96
113
72.75
73.92
65.20
43.74
34.50
31.54
49.65
1
93
92
1870
29.90
35.25
53.77
65.56
70.97
76.26
73.13
68.95
54.68
40.38
26. 93
52.06
-12
95
106
1871
25.81
26.27
34.96 31.68
51.47
55.35
73.25
60.26
69.58
80.48
71.45
60.46
49.39
40.42
25.70
51.12
- 2
92
94
1863
32.70
36.60
50.60
64.57
62.60
70.25
74.09 73.35
72.45
66. 80
54.21
39.41
35.54
42.67
38.58
31.30
51.37
-15
94
109
1866
65.44
61.78
1869
33,38
32.00
42.61
46. 66
48.42
59.14
68.32
72.61
62.65
47.41
32.92
51.48
31.27
272
HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
TABLE II .- BAROMETER. The monthly and annual means; the highest and lowest points each year, and the annual range for 25 years.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Ann'l Means
Point
Point
R'nge
1852
28.79
28.75
28.75
28.71
28.83
28.89
28.96
28.94
28.95
28.91
28.78
28.77
28.83
27.93
29.47
1.54
1853
28,86
28.76
28.78
28.80
28.86
28.96
28.92
28.91
28.93
28.92
29.00
28.77
28.73
27.94
29.31
1.37
1854
28.84
28.83
28.79
28.84
28.81
28.87
28.99
28.97
28.98
28.93
28.68
28.76
28.86
27.98
29.35
1.36
1855
28.75
28.73
28.73
28.88
28.86
28.78
28.91
28.93
28.94
28.80
28.85
28.78
28.83
27.80
29.43
1.63
1856
28.78
28.65
28.75
28.79
28.77
28.84
28.92
28.83
28.87
28.89
28.81
28.80
28.81
27.97
29.25
1.28
1857
28.87
28.87
28.81
28.70
28.72
28.64
28.89
28.98
29.05
28.95
28.86
28.96
28.86
27.91
29.50
1.69
1858
29.00
28.93
28.96
28.83
28.90
28.96
28.97
29.01
29.05
29.03
28.92
29.00
28.96
28.28
29.49
1.21
1859
29.07
28.92
28.89
28.81
28.85
28.86
28.21
29.43
1.22
1864
28.96
28.81
28.83
28.21
29.40
1.29
1865
28.89
28.91
28.89
28.20
29.44
1.24
1866
29.01
29.00
28.89
28.13
30.00
1.87
1867
28.83
28.84
28.87
28.78
28.75
28.71
28.72
28.79
28.84 28.83
28.82
28.82
28.88
28.91
28.90
28.90
28.81
28.93
28.84
28.14
29.44
1.30
1874
28.92
28.90
28.88
28.86
28.73
28.83
28.86
28.87
28.91
28.94
28.95
28.95
28.89
28.11
29.52
1.41
1875
28.99
28.91
28.82
28.81
28.77
27.84
28.88
28.85
28.90
28.85
28.87
28.78
28.86
28.09
29.37
1.28
1876
28.93
28.90
28.80
28.84
23.85
28.77
28.87
28.91
28.83
28.82
28.80
28.87
28.85
28.06
29.44
1.38
Ann'l Means
28.89
28.84
28.81 28.80 28.80
28.84
28.89
28.90
28.93
28.90 28.86
28.88
28.86
TABLE III .- WEATHER.
The number of clear, fair and wholly cloudy days; the number of days on which there was rain, snow, or thunder ; the quantity of snow and rain in inches ; the degree of cloudiness, and the point of the compass from which they came, and the means of each for 25 years :
.
Ground.
Snow
Rain.
Thunder.
Mean Degree
Cloudiness.
N.
N. E
E.
S. E.
S.
S. W.
W.
N. W.
1852
32
86
89
123
36
23
33.11
58.84
31
5.65
11
11
13
8
28
47
168
49
1853
30
163
50
: 91
31
32
28.95
45.20
35
5.32
12
13
19
5
16
60
157
43
1854
50
128
44
110
33
23
27.49
41.35
48
4.85
14
15
9
0
22
68
146
41
1855
92
69
129
40
61
47.46
57.47
48
5.72
8
15
4
10
17
70
157
48
1856
38
150
44
86
48
92
39.69
30.87
27
4.77
15
9
10
4
13
60
166
51
1857
14
130
63
115
43
48
51
31.54
40.99
46
5.64
17
14
9
9
27
66
142
60
1859
26
115
78
112
34
45
31.70
45
5.61
18
16
7
6
24
67
165
36
1860
22
124
57
123
40
45
27.11
35.72
50
5.71
15
12
13
10
15
52
172
55
1861
31
153
49
115
27
28
17.54
36.35
5.27
5.35
23
23
17
5
20
63
136
41
1863
29
140
59
92
45
57
47.40
36.56
28
5.64
31
16
18
12
35
63
124
37
1864
22
161
38
108
37
53
35.17
32.19
35
5.22
20
17
11
12
26
52
163
43
1865
33
150
33
111
38
45
20.65
46.04
43
5.54
26
9
10
6
33
76
136
36
1866
30
141
33
119
42
39
22.77
49.62
43
5.57
18
11
12
7
22
70
150
45
1867
34
143
42
98
48
75
59.09
31.86
30
5.36
25
8
14
11
18
69
130
56
1868
26
148
45
104
43
64
38.45
46.31
44
5.48
30
19
13
8
21
70
137
42
1869
27
139
48
102
49
75
55.77
42.71
33
5.72
23
13
14
8
22
87
136
35
1870
35
152
50
44
67
43.77
32.30
33
5.25
23
25
14
15
19
56
149
29
1871
44
139
42
31
48
22.73
30.64
44
5.20
18
18
7
10
26
64
138
40
1872
21
161
41
84
59
59
45.33
28.53
30
5.31
19
18
9
11
22
74
145
47
1873
42
116
64
97
46
61
37.00
37.17
38
5.36
12
16
5
9
22
87
129
43
1874
43
140
72
75
35
37
26.86
34.03
25
5.13
26
20
12
12
23
67
122
40
1875
32
120
59
109
43
55
30.87
43.16
31
5.61
14
21
8
15
22
69
146
38
1876
32
143
53
99
31
39
41.53
41.93
45
5.73
18
19
12
12
28
76
125
44
Ann'l
Means 31.4 135.5
54.5
104
39.4 48.5 35.46
39.75 37.5
5.43
19
15
11
9
23
67
146
44
1863
28.85
28.94
28.82
28.76
28.88
28.83
28.74
28.81
28.83
28.86
28.87
28.90
28.88
28.98
28.87
28.83
28.91
28.85
28.10
29.36
1.26
1870
28.85
28.75
28.83
27.90
29.36
1.46
1871
28.95
28.82
28.85
28.12
29.34
1.22
1872
28.88
28.81
28 87
28.17
29.32
1.15
1873
28.79
28.81
28.83
28.73
28.78
28.82
28.89
28.86
28.88
28.89
28.90
28.88
28.86
28.86
28.04
29.52
1.48
1868
28.88
28.80
28.85
28.82
28.78
28.79
28.71
28.84
28.84
28.82
28.75
28.90
28.93
28.83
28.85
28.82
28.89
28.94
28.91
28.90
28.86
28.01
29.49
1.48
1869
28.84
28.79
28.84
28.89
29.01
29.04
28.84
28.85
28.96
28.89
28.79
28.96
28.87
28.17
29.47
1.30
28.80
28.81
28.82
28.90
28.92
28.92
28.89
28.82
28.85
28.80
28.87
28.12
29.40
1.28
28.79
28.88
28.88
28.93
28.95
29.02
29.00
28.95
28.96
28.16
29.53
1,37
1860
28.93
28.87
28.82
28.81
28.80
28.87
28.90
28.93
28.88
28.76
29.01 28.94 28.92
28.87
1862
28.89
28.67
28.87
28.89
28.82
28.85
28.92
28.96
28.91
28.89
28.87
28.91
28.90
28.88
28.87 28.87
28.93
28.87
28.92
28.89
28.86
Prevailing Course of Lower Clouds.
Clear.
Fair.
Cloudy.
Rain.
Snow.
Snow Covered
Quantity o
Quantity of
33
5.68
17
15
4
7
27
67
163
51
1858
21
119
82
1862
37
133
59
97
39
41
41.98
37.79
36
28.93
28.85
28.99
28.82
28.85
28.85
28.83
28.96
28.90
28.95
28.85
28.84
28.85
28.93
28.80
28.80
28.76
28.81
28.79
28.81
28.78
28.83
28.72
28.80
28.93
28.88
28.78
28.89
28.97
29.00
1861
28.90
120
23
32.59
39.77
36.51
of
35
84 99
L'w'st H'g'st Ann'l
273
HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
TABLE IV .-- RAINFALL AND WIND.
The quantity of rain in inches for each month and year, and the annual means for twenty-five years ; also the mean force of the wind each year, and the number of days the prevailing course of the wind was from eight points of the compass; and the number of days calm :
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Quantity.
Force and Prevailing Course of the Wind.
Mean
N.
N.E
S. E.
S. S. W
W. N. W
Calm.
1852
2.74 3. 13 4.99 5.69 4.41
4.21 3. 683.05
6.03 3.59 5.64 11. 16 58.84
1.24
14
24
28
34
43
60
99
49
15
1853
1.79 4.01 2.53 4.42 3.06
4.72 4.16 8.44
4.16 2.49 3. 67
1.75 45.20
1.63
37
36
16
11
45
73
80
51
16
1854
3. 61 3.76 5.41 5.75 6.02
2.80 1.67 1.99
1.97 4.46 2.62
1.29 41.35
1.87
25
26
27
17
44
76
88
45
17
1855
3.97 1. 66 3. 40 2.56 6. 72 10. 78 6.17 1.23
3.29 3.89 2.37
2.91 2.083.62
3.02 30.87
2.20
17
18
18
44
47
84
68
55
15
1857
1.16 3.20 1.85 1. 94 6. 41
3.05 4.234.63
1.843.27 5. 65
2.5439.77
2.08
11
23
18
36
62
76
73
46
20
1858
2.031.48
.96 3.86 7.50
5.26 3.60 4.36
1.97 1.783.39
4.80,40.99
1.97
9
30
23
46
59
65
76
47
10 6
1859
2.30 3.05 4.16 4.25 1. 61
4.18 .80 2.20
3.35 1.264.69
4.66 36.51
2.24
18
29
13
49
74
69
76
31
1860
1.85 2.05
.76 6.30 1.07
3.37 6.21 3.93
2.59 2.00 2.42
3.17 35.72
8
1861
1.97 1.62 2.95 3.95 4.35
4.193.69 2.29
3.42 2.88 2.83
1.21 36.35
11
1862
3.01 2.47 4.83 5.10 3. 70
3.20 4.02 2.33
.60 1.133.08
4.32|37.79
3
1863
6.36 3. 13 2. 50 1.69 3. 54
1.31 2.10 1.66
3.133.36 3.01
4.51 36.56
28
1864
1.89 .55 2. 33 2.31 2.21
3,82
.84 5.47
3.71 1.89 3. 53
3.64 32. 19
14
1865
1.55 1. 97 4.68 6.92 4. 11
5.06 4.62 6.66
5.32 1.22
.73
3.20 46.04
1 95
30
13
22
20
16
51
65
82
89
61
10
1868
2.44 1. 03 7.51 3. 35 6.19 10.38 1.88 5.21
3.81 1.17 1.77
1.57 46.31
1.85
34
23
17
15
50
75
85
55
12
1869
1.50 3.40 5.73 2.43 7.09
2.49 6.521.01
3.32 1.894.21
3.12 42.71
10
1870
6.66 2.02 4.26 1.14 .68
3. 65 2.45 6.48
. 25 1.20 3. 33
2.30 30.64
1.96
30
40
10
21
42
82
90
32 56
4
1872
1.21 1.32 1. 46 3. 28 1.34
1.24 7.33 4.96
.75 1.95 1.12
2.57 28.53
2.07
24
1.81
13
29
10
28
49
119
66
38
13
1874
4. 68 4.23 2.70 4.41 1.32
2.19 3.24 2.27
.53 3.19!
3.66 34.03
2.03
20
32
28
26
49
88
68
44
10
1875
1.25 2.13 2.61 1.67 3.09
6.69 9.69 3.74
2.54 2.943.72
3.09 43.16
2.07
22
29
17
27
42
1107
70
34
17
1876
5.62 2.99 4.24 3.04 2.66
2.83 6.71 4. 03
3.73 2.51 2.33
1.24 41.93
1.79
24
21
15
27
55
104
69
34
17
Means 2. 71 2.41 3.31 3.48 3. 61
4.16 4. 18 3.54
3.36 2.343.16
3.45 39.75
1.92
21.9 25.1 19.2 28.2 49.7:82. 2 82.3 44.0
12.7
TABLE V.
The return of migratory birds, and the early blossoming of trees and plants, and mean times, and the range of their appearance for 20 years.
Robin.
Blue Bird.
Meadow Lark.
Martin.
Brown
Spring
Peach.
Cherry.
Pear.
Flowering
Apple.
Red Bud.
Lilac.
Native Plum.
Native
1859 Feb. 25 Feb. 11 Mar.
1860 Feb. 22 Apr. 26 Mar. 1|Apr.
7
Apr.
9 Apr. 12 Apr. 18 Apr. 18 Apr. 24 Apr. 21
1861
1862 Feb. 27 Feb. 13 Feb. 27 Apr. 14
Apr. 12 Apr. 22 Apr. 24 May
1 May
5 May
8 May 11 May 10 May
4 May 16
1863 Feb. 20 Mar. 6| Mar. 28 Apr. 13
Apr. 22 Apr. 23 Apr. 29 May
1 May
3 May
6 May
6 May 12 May 10 May 18
1864 Mar. 2 Feb. 29 Feb. 28 Apr. 16
Apr. 24
May
8 May
7 May
9
May 10
May 18 May 10 May 21
1865 Mar. 2 Feb. 24 Feb. 24 Apr.
6
Apr. 7 Apr. 17
Apr. 17 Apr. 20 Apr. 24 Apr. 28 Apr. 24
Apr. 27 Apr. 24 May 11
1866 Feb. 25 Feb. 20 Mar. 2 Apr.
4 Apr. 11
4 pr. 17 Apr. 30 May
1 May
6 May
2 May
7 May
5 May
7 May 13 May
7 May 20
1869 Mar. 1 Feb. 24 Mar. 9 Apr. 19 Apr. 16 Apr. 22 Apr. 28 Apr. 29
May
4 May
8 May 10 May
9 May 7 May 10 May 23
1870 Feb. 25 Feb. 12 Mar. 12 Apr. 30 Apr. 21
Apr. 23 Apr. 25 May 11 May
2 May
2 May
5 May
2 May 13
1871 Feb. 24 Feb. 23 Mar. 4 Apr. 11 Apr. 19 Apr.
9 Apr. 8 Apr.
9 Apr.
11 Apr.
16 Apr. 18 Apr. 15
6 May
2 May
9 May 12
1873 Feb. 20 Feb. 18 Mar. 9 Apr. 30
Apr. 19 May
1
May
8 May
9 May 12 May 13 May 13
1874 Feb. 24 Feb. 16 Mar. 11 Apr. 13 Apr. 10 Apr. 22 May
May 10 May 12 May 12 May 12 May 14 May 12 9
1875 Feb. 24 Mar. 13 Apr. 8 Apr.
5
Apr. 27 May 16 May
9 May 10
May 14 May 18
May
8 May
8
May 11
May 17
1877 Feb. 24
Apr.
6
Apr. 17 Apr. 18 May 2
May
2 May
2 May 13 May 15 May 16 May
9 May 19
1878 Feb. 19 Mar. 7 Mar. 19
Mar. 31 Apr. 2 Apr. 11 Apr. 13 Apr. 14 Apr. 21 Apr. 21 Apr. 21 Apr. 24
Apr. 20
...
M'ns
Feb. 24 Feb. 23 Mar. 10
30
40
26
18
30
38
30
29
27
30
34
28
22
26
:9
41
59
91
79
44
9
8. 76.3.18 5.18|
3.86 57.47
2.33
11
22
21
30
40
65
60
82
67
70 74
86
86
36
12
1866
3.39 2.25 3.511.36 1.59
1867
1.56 3. 85 3. 08 3.48 2. 27
4.08 2. 87 2.08
.32 2.01 2.14
4.09,31.86
1.98 1.72
24
13
22
28
14
43
99
107
37
12
1871
1.55 1. 85 2.74 2.84 2.00
2.83 6.76 1.19
. 47 4.00 1.90
3.1332.30
1.67
27
37
25
13
27
32
124
74
42
5
1873
2.78 1.14 2.42 3. 44 3.40
Thrush.
Beauty.
Apr.
1 Apr. 11
Apr. 19 Apr. 24
May
1 May
2 Apr. 30
May 15
1867 Feb. 9
Feb. 16 Mar. 9 Apr. 11 Apr. 27
9 May 13 May
3 May 12 May 28
1868 Feb. 20 Feb. 21 Mar. 12 Apr. 21 Apr. 13 Apr. 22 Apr. 29
1872 Mar. 2 Feb. 23 Mar. 10 Apr. 13
Apr. 10 Apr. 28 Apr. 28 Apr. 30 Apr. 30 May
7 May
Apr. 14 Apr. 17 Apr. 17 Apr. 24 Apr. 27 Apr. 28 May
3 May
5 May
5 May
8 May
5
May 17
R'ng'
21
May 14
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