USA > Pennsylvania > Montgomery County > A brief history of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, with an accompanying map; > Part 1
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Court House & Public Office's ; Built in 1751
3
E
1854-Upper left hand corner
1787-Upper right hand corner
1876-Lower left hand corner
1902-Center, present building
THE COUNTY COURT HOUSE
A
BRIEF HISTORY of MONTGOMERY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA
WITH AN ACCOMPANYING MAP
PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERVISION of
THE SCHOOL DIRECTORS' ASSOCIATION
for
THE USE OF SCHOOLS
by H. W. KRIEBEL
NORRISTOWN THE SCHOOL DIRECTORS' ASSOCIATION 1923
- 157 .My Kg
Copyright, 1923, by H. W. Kriebel
Printed by Norristown Herald Printing and Publishing Company Norristown, Pa.
SEP 28 1923 CCIA 759166
PREFACE
-0-
The object of this publication, prepared by request under the supervision of The School Directors' Asso- ciation, is to provide for the use of the public schools of Montgomery County a text-book on local history. The book assumes on the part of teacher and pupil a general knowledge, acquired or to be acquired, of the history of the Indians, of state and nation, besides local, state, and national laws and government; in consequence some rele- vant topics are either merely referred to or entirely omitted. A successful use of the book in the classroom will necessitate work supplementary to what is provided by the text.
Misstatements of fact have probably crept into the text, either through insufficient original research or through acceptance of unverified data gleaned from many sources; for these the kind indulgence of teacher and pupil will be appreciated. Since accepted authorities differ, variations in punctuation, capitalization and orthography appear, the author not deeming himself called upon to decide where doctors disagree.
The author finds pleasure in acknowledging the ap- preciated encouragement and courteous assistance given by many individuals and officials-in particular by the school authorities of the county, the school superin-
tendent and his assistants, the school directors and the teachers. Without such hearty co-operation the work would not have been undertaken and could not have been completed. Specific acknowledgment is impossible under the limiting conditions of the book itself. For a like reason a citation of authorities is precluded.
The book is sent forth on its mission in the hope that it may help to awaken in the coming generation a consciousness of its precious heritage in the history of Montgomery County.
Pennsburg, Pa., July 6, 1923.
THE AUTHOR.
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
I-INTRODUCTION
11
II-HOW THE COUNTY WAS ACQUIRED 18
III-SETTLING THE COUNTY 29
IV-EARLY LIFE AND ACTIVITIES 49
V-FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY
73
VI-CHANGED HOME LIFE. 92
VII-THE WORLD AT LARGE 106
VIII-STATISTICS
123
IX-BIOGRAPHY 150
X-HISTORY HIKES 167
XI-NOTES ON NAMES 196
XII-THE MAP OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY
202
ILLUSTRATIONS
THE COUNTY COURT HOUSE Frontispiece
FARM IMPLEMENTS
13
FARM IMPLEMENTS
15
SEAL OF WILLIAM PENN 17
WILLIAM PENN
18
LETTER OF INTRODUCTION
20
INDIAN DEED
INDIAN DEED
MODERN HIGH SCHOOL BUILDINGS
BENJAMIN LAY
THE OLD SCHOOLHOUSE, VALLEY FORGE
A PIONEER'S HUT
EARLY LOG HOUSES
MANUSCRIPT VOLUMES
HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS
CONESTOGA WAGON.
AMERICAN STAGE WAGON
CRADLE, ROCKER, ETC.
TOOLS OF FLAX INDUSTRY
NORRITON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
PULPIT AND PEW, LUTHERAN CHURCH, TRAPPE.
OLD IRONSIDES
PERKIOMEN BRIDGE, COLLEGEVILLE
75
THE TOWN OF NORRIS
FIRST PASSENGER TRAIN IN AMERICA
LOCOMOTIVE BUILT 1914
ONE ROOM SCHOOLHOUSES
SPINNING WITH SPINDLE AND SPINNINGWHEEL
SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS
CONTINENTAL MONEY
FOUR TYPES OF RURAL BRIDGES
RURAL SCHOOLROOM SCENE
98 99
VIEW OF POTTSTOWN, 1835
104
CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL BUILDINGS
105
NATIONAL MEMORIAL ARCH, VALLEY FORGE 110
MUHLENBERG FAMILY 112
22 23 28 33 39 49 51 53 56 59 60 64 66 69 70 72
76 79 80 84 87 89 91 96
VETERAN TEACHERS, 1922
HOME OF FREDERICK ANTES 113
TYPICAL SCHOOL BUILDINGS 116
HEADQUARTERS OF GENERAL WAYNE. 119
MONUMENT, GENERAL NASH 121
LOG HUT
145
JOHN J. AUDUBON
150
ALEXANDER JOHNSTON CASSATT
152
ABRAHAM H. CASSEL
153 155
WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK
156
JOSEPH LEIDY
158
SAMUEL WHITTAKER PENNYPACKER
161
DAVID PORTER
162
DAVID RITTENHOUSE
163
FRANCIS RAWN SHUNK
165
VIEW OF VALLEY FORGE
170
WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, VALLEY FORGE
171
WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, INSIDE VIEW
171
THE GULPH MILLS 172
JEFFERSONVILLE HOTEL
174
LUTHERAN CHURCH, TRAPPE 175
CROOKED HILL TAVERN, ABOUT 1777 176
NORRITON HOME OF DAVID RITTENHOUSE. 179
HOME OF SAMUEL BERTOLET 180
HOME OF THE LATE S. W. PENNYPACKER
181
NEW GOSHENHOPPEN CHURCH
184
FRIENDS' MEETINGHOUSE, PLYMOUTH.
186
HOVENDEN STUDIO 187
HOPE LODGE, WHITEMARSH, OUTSIDE VIEW
188
HOPE LODGE, WHITEMARSH, INSIDE VIEW
189
FRIENDS' MEETINGHOUSE, HORSHAM
190
SIR WILLIAM KEITH 192
GRAEME PARK. 193
LIBRARY BUILDING, HATBORO
194
STRAW AND HICKORY BASKETS
195
JOHN FREDERICK HARTRANFT
122
HOSPITAL HUT, VALLEY FORGE
A BRIEF HISTORY
OF
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
PENNSYLVANIA.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The There are three periods in the life of insects ; Transformed Life the larva or masked period, the pupa or bandaged-baby period, the adult or full- grown period. The pest on wings that at night pipes a maligned melody into its victim's ear be- fore drawing its fill of blood from his bald head was once a swimmer in stagnant water that threw its outgrown skin aside to become a floating ball which it in turn burst and kicked off to fly away a mischievous, musical mos- quito. To understand the butterfly, one must know also the green, golden-spotted caterpillar which, after becom- ing a seemingly lifeless, headless and limbless body, was transformed into the beautiful, winged creature flitting from flower to flower on warm, summer days. In like manner, to understand a nation, a state, or a county, one must know its beginnings and the changes it has under- gone. Confucius said: "From the past learn the future." Patrick Henry said : "I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past." To appreciate Montgomery county and judge of its future one must know its past. Hence this book.
12
INTRODUCTION
Three Centuries Three centuries ago (A. D. 1623) there was no Montgomery county, no Keystone state, no Ago United States of America. Europe was turn- ing its back to the past in the East to face a New World dawning in the West. The men who were to explore, found, settle, and develop Pennsylvania were unborn. A few unlettered Indians were sustaining a precarious existence by hunting and fishing in the primeval forests and unpolluted streams of Montgomery county, which probably had not been seen by European eyes. What William Penn did see three score years later in the land that was to become Montgomery county he described in these words :
"The land is generally good, well water'd and not so thick of wood as imagin'd; there are also many open places that have been old Indian fields. The trees that grow here are the mulberry, white and red, walnut, black, gray, and hickory, poplar, cedar, cyprus, chestnut, ash, sassafras, gum, pine, spruce, oake, black, white, red, Spanish chestnut and swamp, which has a leaf like a willow and is most lasting. The food the woods yield is your elks, deer, raccoons, beaver, rabbits, turkeys, pheasants, heath-birds, pigeons, and partredges, unnumerably; we need no setting dogs to ketch; they run by droves into the houses in cold weather. Our rivers have also plenty of excel- lent fish and water fowl, as sturgeon, rock, shad, herring, catfish, or flatheads, sheepheads, roach, and perch and trout in inland streams; of fowls, the swan, white, gray and black goose, and brands, the best duck and teal I ever ate, and the snipe and the curlue with the snowbird are also excel- lent."
13
TWO CENTURIES AGO
Two Two centuries ago (A. D. 1723) there was no Centuries Montgomery county, no Keystone state, no Ago United States. Europe had come, seen, and appropriated the Western continent. Wil- liam Penn had lived, created a colony, planted therein an idea and gone to his eternal home. Penn's infant colony was composed of three vaguely defined counties; of Philadelphia, the most influential of these, Montgomery,
FARM IMPLEMENTS, MUSEUM OF THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
though not then formed or even dreamed of, was an im- portant part. Much of the future county, of all of which William Penn had become owner by charter grant of his king and by purchase from the Indians, had already passed into the hands of resident and non-resident pur- chasers. In nearly every one of the original townships, houses had been built, churches erected, schools opened, roads laid out, virgin forests transformed into fruitful fields and verdant meadows, and the ceaseless struggle for food, raiment, comfort, and provision against old age
14
INTRODUCTION
and the rainy day undertaken. Cares were many, call- ings few, comforts rare, cash scant.
One
One century ago (A. D. 1823) Montgomery
Century
county celebrated its thirty-ninth birthday.
The Indians, excepting the few allowed to re-
Ago main in Warren county, had disappeared from the state, having left the county many years pre- viously. "We, the people," of whom Montgomery county was not an insignificant part, had declared and successfully maintained our political independence from the Old World, and our inalienable right on both land and sea to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Improved roads crisscrossed the county; gristmills, sawmills, tanneries, stately churches, capacious barns, little red schoolhouses had become familiar sights. Com- forts and the rewards of honest labor sweetened toil; the foundations of fortunes were being laid; but yet the present-day conveniences, appliances, and luxuries in the home, on the farm, in the shop and behind the counter as well as the means of travel, and the mediums for con- veying knowledge that seem so indispensable today, were then unknown. In the ordinary farmer's home, there was no carpet on the floor, no papering on the wall, no hard or soft coal in the cellar, no sewing machine in the living room but instead a number of spinning wheels, no ready- made clothing nor shoe, no pipeless heating system but instead the open fireplace with crane and simmering pot, no electric, gas or kerosene light, no telegraph or tele- phone, no phonograph or photograph, no illustrated Sun- day paper with colored funny pages. On the farm there were no mowing machines, no self-binders, no hayrakes, no haytedders, no graindrills, no riding plows or harrows, no thrashing machines, no gasoline engines, no tractors, no silos, no elliptical springs for even the Sunday go-to-
15
ONE CENTURY AGO
meeting carriage, no Portland cement. As means of travel there were no bicycles, no automobiles, no rail- roads, no street car lines in cities, no aeroplanes, no trans- Atlantic steamship lines, no submarines. As mediums of education, there were no free schools, no free text-books, no steel pens, no consolidated schools, no daily morning and evening newspapers, lying beside the breakfast or supper plate, telling what has happened the whole world
FARM IMPLEMENTS, MUSEUM OF THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
over the past twenty-four hours, and what the evening wireless radio programs a thousand miles away will pro- vide.
Today men fly like birds, swim like fish, bur- Today row like moles. Their pathways of iron pass across mighty rivers, through massive moun- tains, and along miry river beds. They change night into day, winter into summer, culm and cinder into gold and make air, water, and electricity, old as creation, in ten thousand ways serve as hewers of wood and drawers of water for society. They embalm music and speech to be resurrected a hundred years hence none
16
INTRODUCTION
the worse for a century's sleep. Outstripping the flight of time they read at the six o'clock breakfast table the metropolitan daily, which relates things that happened half way around the globe at twelve o'clock of the same day.
Today Montgomery county counts school children by the ten thousand, citizens by the hundred thousand, ex- penses by the million, valuation by the hundred million. The county has been an asylum for the oppressed, a gate- way to the boundless West, a bread house for the hungry, a Samaritan for the suffering, a melting pot of divers nationalities. The county is and always has been a loyal constituent part of "We, the people of the United States," a mighty republic and yet only a growing youth sitting in the midst of the old nations of the world teaching them and asking questions.
There has been a change for which there is also a reason. Montgomery's sons and daughters speaking for themselves and their forbears can proudly and truthfully say, "We have been Trojans," but they can not say this effectively unless they know the history of Montgomery, which like sister counties came out of great tribulation.
Why Study Referring to the little log schoolhouse to which as a child he tramped fifty years be- fore, Daniel Webster in 1840 said in a public History speech : "I make it an annual visit. I carry my children to it, to teach them the hardships endured by the generations which have gone before." Philip Schaff said : "History is, and must ever continue to be, next to God's word, the richest fountain of wisdom, and the surest guide to all practical activity. To reject her voice is to rob ourselves of our own right to exist, or, at least, to condemn our own life; since we owe to her, in fact, whether we choose to do so or not, all that we are and all
17
WHY STUDY HISTORY
that we can become." Knowledge of one's native county, its origin and growth, its early struggles and hardships, its familiar scenes and places, the achievements of human skill, of the contributions made to welfare and progress, of the part played in local, state, and national affairs, must make more influential and patriotic citizens, more useful members of society, more noble men and women and prepare them the better to appreciate the history of other men, times and places.
Aim of Book
The aim of this book is to set forth in con- venient and attractive form for use in the school room and by the home fireside some data illustrating the rise and progress of Montgomery county.
It is hoped the book may become a means of develop- ing a more intimate and more appreciative knowledge of the history of Montgomery county; a warmer, keener, livelier civic love and pride of home, county, state and na- tion ; a more hearty and widespread compliance with the old but not antiquated command : "Honor thy father and mother [which implies the forbears long since at rest], that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee."
PENSILI
HERCY
EA
LOVE
RNOR
AND
IAM - PENY
HJDHL
PLE
SEAL OF WILLIAM PENN
CHAPTER II
HOW THE COUNTY WAS ACQUIRED
William William Penn (1644-1718), the self-sacrific- Penn ing, untiring, and unyielding Quaker, the the Man son of a distinguished naval commander, Sir William Penn, and his wife, a Dutch lady, Margaret Jasper was educated at Lincoln's Inn and at Oxford University whence he was expelled with other students on account of holding meetings for religious
WILLIAM PENN From Painting in Independence Hall, Phila- delphia, Pa.
worship. This youthful choice, to obey God and conscience rather than man and custom and to follow duty as he saw it no matter where it led, moulded his whole future life, influenced the history of Pennsylvania, and helped to
19
WILLIAM PENN, THE MAN
make the United States the world's grandest, richest, and most influential republic. He was turned out of doors at the age of eighteen, soon to be recalled and, in hope of ruin- ing his religion, sent to gay and profligate Paris and con- tinental Europe. On his return two years later he was placed in charge of his father's affairs in Ireland where his religion caused his imprisonment. He was expelled from home a second time at the age of twenty-four about which time he became a minister in the Society of Friends.
Three times he was imprisoned on account of his re- ligious convictions; three times he made missionary preaching tours through Holland and Germany; three different ways were chosen to set forth the faith that was in him, speech, pen and the founding of a province in the New World; three phases of activity marked his life ;- as a forceful speaker, as a voluminous writer, as the self-sacrificing and successful proprietor of a "free colony for all mankind," the future Keystone State.
He was married to Gulielma Maria Springett in the year 1672, who died in the year 1694, leaving as their chil- dren : Springett, who died in infancy; Letitia, and Wil- liam. In the year 1696 he was married to Hannah Cal- lowhill, who with their three sons, John, Thomas and Richard, survived him.
Wm. Penn To secure payment of debts due his father, William Penn, June 24, 1680, asked of the the king unoccupied crown land, "a tract of
Founder land in America north of Maryland, bounded on the east by the Delaware, on the west limited as Mary- land, northward as far as plantable." By the royal signature, March 24, 1681, the grant was given by char- ter and he became the proprietor of future Pennsyl-
20
HOW THE COUNTY WAS ACQUIRED
vania, "a tract of 390 miles by 160 of extreme fertility, mineral wealth and richness of all kinds."
"The charter having been granted Penn made im- mediate preparations to secure settlers for his province
Emperor of Canada.
I' Great God that made thee and me and all the Oporto Incline our hearts to love peace and Suffice that we may live friendly together as becomes the work manflip of the great God. The King of England who is a Great Prince Rath for divers Reasons granted to me a large country in America which however Sam willing to Enjoy upon friendly termes with thee. And this f will say that the people who comes with me are a just plain and honey people that weiller make mar upon others nor fear mar from others because they will be just. I have set up a Society of Traders in my Produce to frafick with thee and the people for your Commodities that you may be furnished with that which is good at reasonable rates And that Society hath ordered their President to treat with thee about a future Trade and have joined with me to fend this allefenger to the with certain frefonts from us to latify our Willingness to have a Nur Correspondance will thee . And nhất this Agent hall do in our names me mill done uno of hope thowith kindly Receive him and Complu milk his defires on our behalf both with Respect to Land and Trade. The Great 400 bes with thee. Amen
LETTER OF INTRODUCTION BY WILLIAM PENN "TO THE EMPEROR OF CANADA"
and to develop its resources. The Free Society of Traders was organized to promote both these objects; pamphlets were prepared by his own hand and widely circulated either as a whole or in part in Holland, Ger- many and France, as well as in England and Wales, presenting the advantages of his province as a home for
21
WILLIAM PENN, THE FOUNDER
all who were dissatisfied with their surroundings; an elaborate 'frame of government' for the province was also prepared by his own hand" (Swank). Sales of land were made. William Markham, cousin of William Penn and commissioner to establish his authority in the province, was sent to the province in the summer of 1681, and William Penn himself with about seventy col- onists arrived in the ship, Welcome, October, 1682. Philadelphia county was organized and defined Decem- ber 4, 1682, at Upland. In March, 1693, the General As- sembly first met in Philadelphia which then became the seat of government.
Purchase William J. Buck, in Scott's Combination of Montg. Co. Atlas Map of Montgomery County, describes the purchase of the land of Montgomery county in the following words :
"The earliest purchase by Penn of any part of what now constitutes Montgomery county was made June 25, 1683, of Wingebone, for all his right to lands lying on the west of the Schuylkill, begin- ning at the lower falls of the same, and so on up, and backwards of said stream as far as his right goes. The next purchase was made July 14th of the same year, from Secane and Idquoquehan and others, for all the land lying between the Mana- yunk or Schuylkill river, and Macopanackan or Chester river and up as far as Conshohocken hill, which is opposite the present borough of that name (Conshohocken). On the same day another purchase was made of Neneschickan, Malebore, Neshanocke, and Oscreneon for the lands lying between the Schuylkill and Pennepack, and extend- ing as far northward as Conshohocken, but now better known as Edge Hill. On June 3, 1684, all
-
22
HOW THE COUNTY WAS ACQUIRED
Henniefan Malefon as Peneaneuchhab Nechancede & Corendon Inocen Shusmake
slabo, so bares,6 casas, & poors of Pisadas, de paper of Road Não de us en Mand pues in campo marzioof es risolu ukaand Goose Messe wrounding'all Claims or Samanie ty us e har er Apprenaster spor uher to y promener . In Witness intownof nonposs howund Jed g hans tosally day & hogy first avere triton.
-
C
Char martins
remarks of nomsluchian
6221610210
Vlonianoche
INDIAN DEED TO WILLIAM PENN, 1683, REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL IN THE STATE LIBRARY HARRISBURG. PA.
Nº.18.
Mineclone thu an day ofy 4. nonAB Called Guns inty your according to y English account JOSS for my my Kiss &Afsigns dos fussis grownt &s difese of all my glands lying on (i Want for off shorfil For Begining frommy first Hals ofy famsall along upon y Rigs and Backyard gy Jums fo fare as my right gosto to William ...
Penn Propr Topriate and Gorsin' 08 Knusilvania Se: his hair & Afrique for Casi forty Geridoration of 30 much Hammum and offer Shings as Ro nal plaat to gues unto his howdy for me my hairs and alright rono wheing all (laim & Demands of anything ings forly future In nih sikrerod Shows Desunto soft my hand & Soul ha day's your first afor
(Shopmania of
Mingivens
INDIAN DEED TO WILLIAM PENN, 1683, REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL IN THE STATE LIBRARY, HARRISBURG, PA.
PURCHASE OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY
23
24
HOW THE COUNTY WAS ACQUIRED
the right of Maughausin to the land along the Perkiomen creek, was duly sold and conveyed, with an acknowledgment of goods received in sat- isfaction and a promise never to molest any Chris- tians that shall settle thereon. Four days after the aforesaid Mettamicont relinquishes all his right to the lands on both sides of the Pennepack. July 30, 1685, Shakhoppa, Secane, Malebore and Tangoras conveyed all their right to lands situ- ated between Chester and Pennepack creeks, and extending up into the country in a northeast di- rection from the sources of these streams, two full days' journey. This grant takes in almost the whole of the county, excepting only that por- tion lying east of the Pennepack. July 5, 1697, another purchase was made from Tamany, Wehee- - land, Wehequeekhon, Yaqueekhon, and Quena- mockquid for all their right to lands between the Pennepack and Neshaminy creeks, and extending in a northwest direction from the Delaware as far as a horse could travel in two days. Thus was fi- nally extinguished by purchase all the right and title of the Indians to any portion of the soil now embraced within the limits of Montgomery county."
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