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Gc 974.802 Un3h 3127699
M. I
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
.7 ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02221 4677
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historyofunionto00hadd
James Hadden
A History of Uniontown
PA.
THE
.
COUNTY SEAT OF FAYETTE COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA
TER, IN
GC 974.802 UN3h By
JAMES HADDEN
--
Author of Washington's and Braddock's Expeditions
1913
1
COPYRIGHT, 1913, By JAMES HADDEN, UNIONTOWN, PA.
1127699
PREFACE.
IN presenting the following history of Uniontown to a reading public it is with the belief that such a work is desirable and that it will be given a cordial reception.
Every town has a history peculiar to itself, and that Union- town has is eminently so. Should the founders of this town be permitted once more to walk its streets and view the changes that have transpired since their day they certainly would be convinced that they had builded far better than they knew or had fondly dreamed.
The plan adopted in compiling this history is to take the reader a stroll over the town, locating the lots as originally laid out by the two Quaker brothers, Henry and Jacob Beeson, de- scribing the early buildings that occupied the same and reciting many reminiscences connected with the early residents.
The data for this work has been collected from the public records, old newspapers, tradition, old residents and from every other available source.
The author very gratefully acknowledges the many cour- tesies extended to him by the prominent citizens of the town, and for the interest they have manifested in the work, and that it may prove to be both entertaining and instructive is his most earnest hope.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGES.
Geology-Prehistoric Race-Indians-Penn's Grant- Controversy with Virginia-Conflict between the French and English for Supremacy in the Missis- sippi Valley 1-7
CHAPTER II.
Frontier Settlements-Advent of the Beesons-Found- ing of Uniontown-Erection of Fayette County- Incorporation of the Borough-List of Burgesses .. 8-20
CHAPTER III.
East Main Street, Both Sides, from Redstone Creek to the Court House, Comprising Lots Nos. 1 to 20, in- clusive 21-35
CHAPTER IV.
Main Street, South Side, from Meadow Alley to Morgantown Street, Comprising Lots Nos. 21 to 34, inclusive 36-75
CHAPTER V.
East Main Street, North Side, from Court Street to North Beeson Avenue, Comprising Lots Nos. 35 to 42, inclusive 76-103
CHAPTER VI.
West Main Street, North Side, from Middle Alley, now North Beeson Avenue, to Pittsburgh Street, Com- prising Lots Nos. 43 to 46, inclusive. .104-123
CHAPTER VII.
Jacob's Addition-Main Street, South Side, from Morgantown Street Westward to the County Home, Comprising Lots Nos. 1 to 3, and 15 to 20 inclusive. . 124-158
iii
iv
Contents.
CHAPTER VIII. PAGES.
West Main Street, North Side, from Pittsburgh Street West, Comprising Lots Nos. 4 to 8, and 21 to 23, inclusive, in Jacob's Addition-The Old Beeson Mill .159-200
CHAPTER IX.
East Main Street, East of the Eastern Bridge, Compris- ing Lots Nos. 1 to 10, in Henry's Addition. ... 201-216
CHAPTER X.
Cheat or Morgantown Street, East Side, Comprising Lots Nos. 1 to 20, inclusive, in Henry's Addition. ... .217-256
CHAPTER XI.
Cheat or Morgantown Street, West Side, Comprising Lots Nos. 1 to 16, inclusive, in Jacob's Second Addi- tion, and Lots Nos. 21 to 30, inclusive, in Henry's Addition .257-288
CHAPTER XII.
Peter Street - South Street - Mill Street - Berkeley Street-Union Street-Penn Street-Beeson Ave- nue - South Mount Vernon Avenue - Gallatin Avenue .289-315
CHAPTER XIII.
Fayette Street
316-335
CHAPTER XIV.
Market or Church Street, Beginning at Morgantown
Street . 336-357
CHAPTER XV.
Pittsburgh Street
358-365
CHAPTER XVI.
Additions to the Town
. 366-372
V
Contents.
PAGES.
CHAPTER XVII.
Establishment of the Courts of Fayette County-Her
Judges-Her First County Officers-Disbarment of Eight Members of the Fayette County Bar-Diffi- culties with Judge Baird-Fayette County Court Houses-Her Jails-The Bar of Fayette County. . . 373-417
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Postal Service-The National Road-The Tele- graph Service-The Railroad Service-The Trolly Service-The Telephone Service. .418-441
CHAPTER XIX.
The Banks of Uniontown
442-456
CHAPTER XX.
The Press 457-474
CHAPTER XXI.
The Schools
475-482
CHAPTER XXII.
Old Madison College
483-518
CHAPTER XXIII.
Old Military Companies-War of the Revolution-War of 1812-War with Mexico-War of the Rebellion- War with Spain-Fourth of July Celebrations. .... 519-565
CHAPTER XXIV.
The Fire Department-Markets-Public Square-Mu- nicipal Building .566-584
CHAPTER XXV.
The Whisky Insurrection-David G. Blythe and his Panorama of the Allegheny Mountains-Agricul- tural Exhibitions .585-608
-
:
vi
Contents.
PAGES.
CHAPTER XXVI.
The Colored Folks-The Cholera Scourge-Old Political Campaigns .609-622
CHAPTER XXVII.
Dr. John F. Braddee-The Great Mail Robbery-Dr. William Purnell 623-638
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Old Graveyards and Cemeteries
.639-686
CHAPTER XXIX.
Some of the Former Business and Professional Men of the Town-Industries and Utilities-Mills-Iron Works-The Coke Industry-Gas-Water-Light- ing the Town-Fayette County Fire - Insurance Company .687-707
CHAPTER XXX.
Churches-Great Bethel Baptist-Methodist Episcopal- First Presbyterian - Central Presbyterian, now Second Presbyterian - Cumberland Presbyterian, now Third Presbyterian-Methodist Protestant- Saint Peter's Protestant Episcopal-Saint Paul's A. M. E .- Saint John's Roman Catholic-John Wesley A. M. E. Zion-First German Baptist Brethren- First Brethren-Church of the Brethren-Salvation Army-Mount Olive-Minerd Chapel or Second Methodist Protestant-Saint Paul's Lutheran-Cen- tral Christian-Saint Mary's Slavonic Roman Catholic-Temple Israel-Mount Vernon Methodist Episcopal-Mount Rose Baptist-Tree of Life- Saint Joseph's Polish Roman Catholic-Saint John the Baptist Greek-Union-Hungarian Presby- terian-Presbyterian Slavish Mission 708-742
CHAPTER XXXI.
Distinguished Visitors-General George Washington- General Lafayette-Honorable John C. Calhoun- James Monroe-General Andrew Jackson-Jennie Lind
vii
Contents.
PAGES.
-P. T. Barnum-John C. Fremont-James K. Polk -General William Henry Harrison-Henry Clay- General Sam Houston-Thomas H. Benton-General Winfield Scott-James Buchanan-General Zachary Taylor-Abraham Lincoln-John J. Crittinden- General Pillow-Davy Crockett-Santa Anna-John Quincy Adams . 743-774
CHAPTER XXXII.
Personal Sketches - Honorable Andrew Stewart - Colonel Alexander McClean - General Ephraim Douglass-Dr. Solomon Drown-Henry Clay Dean -" Crazy Billy " 775-807
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Secret Orders-A Masonic Lodge in 1802-Laurel Lodge No. 215, F. & A. M .- Fayette Lodge No. 228, F. & A. M .- Union Royal Arch Chapter No. 165-Madison Lodge No. 419, K. of P .- Rising Star Lodge No. 533, I. O. O. F .- Tunnaleuka Lodge No. 365, I. O. O. F. -Royal Arcanum Council No. 388-Saint Omer's Commandery No. 3, Knights Templar-Uniontown Commandery No. 49, Knights Templar-Fort Neces- sity Lodge No. 245, I. O. O. F .- Fayette Encamp- ment, No. 80, I. O. O. F .- Laurel Lodge No. 9, I. O. O. S. M .- Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, 471- Royal Order of Lions, Den No. 600-Blue Lodge, Knights of Honor, No. 2614-Protective Home Circle-Red Men-B. P. O. of Elks-Royal Order of Moose, No. 20-Order of Owls, and Several Others-The Uniontown Hospital-The Old Henry Beeson Mansion .808-818
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Uniontown's Centennial - Uniontown's Old Home Coming
. 819-824
:
1
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGES.
James Hadden Frontispiece
Henry Beeson, Founder of Uniontown 16
Beeson's Town Lottery 48
Uniontown as laid out by Henry and Jacob Beeson 64
East Main Street, 1840 96
The Dawson Law Building. 112
Jacob Beeson, Founder of Jacob's Addition and Jacob's Second Addition 144
The Thompson-Ruby Building 160
The Old White Swan Tavern.
The Old Round Corner 192
208
The Old Beeson Mill
240
F. M. Semans' Japanese Garden
256
The Greenland House 288
The Old Episcopal Church
304
The First Presbyterian Church
336
The Fayette County Court House.
352
Judge Thomas H. Baird
384
Judge John Bouvier
400
Bank Note of Union Bank 432
The First National Bank Building
448
The Old West School House 480
Uniontown High School Building 496
Jack Beeson's Medal 528
The Old Union Fire Engine 544
The Old Market House 576
The Municipal Building at Uniontown, Pa. 592
John Hollcroft or "Tom the Tinker " 624
Dr. William Purnell 640
Hon. Albert Gallatin 672
688
Hon. Andrew Stewart
General Ephraim Douglass 720
Dr. Solomon Drown 736
" Crazy Billy " . 768
The Old Henry Beeson Mansion 784
viii
CHAPTER I.
GEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC RACE-INDIANS-PENN'S GRANT-CON- TROVERSY WITH VIRGINIA-CONFLICT BETWEEN THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH FOR SUPREMACY IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
Uniontown lies three miles west of the western base of the Allegheny mountains and 79 degrees 44 minutes west longitude, and 39 degrees 54 minutes north latitude and at the base of the court house is 999 feet above mean tide of the Atlantic Ocean.
There is unmistakable evidence that the site of Uniontown has undergone marvelous geological changes in past epochs. From a seething mass of molten rock, through the varied strata, each reveals the wonderful changes that have transpired ages before vegetable or animal life was possible on this planet. Epoch after epoch has slowly stalked the earth, each leaving its stately steppings indelibly impressed upon the petrified strata by which the geologist is enabled to unfold a most marvelous history.
When the great Appalachian range reared its mighty form from the slumbering deep and rolled back the waves of the Atlantic to the east, and the floods of the great lakes and gulf to the west, barrier after barrier was forced to give way, leaving deposits of marine fossils and water-worn stones in their wake. Excavations display a subsoil of gravel and pebbles that have been worn by the floods from the mountain side and have been deposited in the valley below. Beneath these gravel beds are the stratified rocks, the sandstone quarry beds, the marine fossil beds, the Uniontown coal bed, the latter being an inferior vein of coal of about three feet in thickness and confined principally to the vicinity of the town, disappearing to the west. Beneath this is shale, then the Great Limestone bed which averages eight feet in thickness, beneath which lies the Sewickley coal vein. The Pittsburgh or nine foot vein of coking coal lies some four hundred feet below the surface, and the oil producing or Seneca shale lies several thousand feet under Uniontown.
PREHISTORIC RACE AND AMERICAN INDIAN.
That this country at a remote age was inhabited by a pre- historic race much superior in prowess and intellect to the
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History of Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
American Indian there is incontrovertible evidence. Their works of defense and implements of war which have been found indicate that this early race must have been numerous and to have occupied the land for many ages, and the repeated growths of forest trees that have occupied the site of their mounds and fortifications attest the fact that their builders have long since passed from the face of the earth, but when and by what means is altogether conjectural.
These Mound Builders, as they were called, it appears, entered this country near the gulf, as their settlements there were the most numerous and grew scarcer as they passed north and east. Their remains are found as far north as West Vir- ginia, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and Nebraska. In some of these states they had large towns and carried on weav- ing, spinning and other trades. It may be they disappeared by a scourge.
When the white man first set his foot upon the shores of the new continent he found it inhabited by a race of beings whom he erroneously supposed to be natives of India, to rectify which the name of the new race was called the American Indian.
This race, like the preceding one, having no written lan- guage, little of its history could be learned except by tradition ; but from the abundance of the implements of war and of the chase that have been found, this race too must have been numerous or have occupied the country for ages before the ad- vent of the white man.
A confederacy of Indian tribes known as the Five Nations, or as the French called them, the Iroquois, was composed of the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida and Mohawk tribes, all occupying lands within the state of New York, to which was subsequently added the Tuscaroras tribe of Virginia, after which the confederacy was known as that of the Six Nations, which by their combined strength conquered many other tribes and re- duced them to vassals, among which were the Shawanese and Delawares. These, by permission of the Six Nations, roamed the valley of the Monongahela and its tributaries in quest of game and fish, and here located their camps, and it was with these that the pioneer settlers west of the Allegheny mountains came in contact, and against whose incursions they were obliged to defend themselves.
It is estimated that the whole population of the various In-
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History of Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
dian tribes inhabiting North America at the time of the advent of the white man was not more than a million; there are now approximately 300,000 on the reservations of the United States, of whom not more than 26,000 are pure-bloods who adhere to their primitive mode of life.
PENN'S GRANT.
The Crown of England was indebted to Admiral William Penn for services rendered his country and also for money loaned to the amount of 16,000 pounds, to liquidate which Charles II, on the 4th day of March, 1681, granted unto the son, William Penn, a charter for a tract of land on the new continent, which he named Pennsylvania. This tract was to extend from the Delaware river westward five degrees of longi- tude, and from twelve miles distant northward from New Castle, Delaware, unto the forty-third degree of north latitude, and bounded on the south by a circle drawn at twelve miles distant from New Castle northward and westward unto the be- ginning of the fortieth degree of north latitude.
Charles the First had previously granted unto Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore), June 20, 1632, letters patent for a tract of land in America lying under the fortieth degree of north latitude, and running from the Delaware river westward unto a true meridian of the first fountain of the Potomac. It will be observed that this grant to Lord Baltimore was for all the territory lying under the fortieth degree of north latitude, while that to William Penn was limited on the south by the beginning of the said fortieth degree, thus making an overlap of one whole degree of latitude, which would now include all the state of Delaware and much of the built portion of the city of Philadelphia. This vagueness of title gave rise to the dispute between the proprietories of Pennsylvania and the heirs of Lord Baltimore until the 10th day of May, 1732, when an adjustment of their differences was made, and controversy was suspended until July 4, 1760, when the former agreement was ratified. The services of Messrs. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, celebrated mathematicians and surveyors of London, were engaged, who arrived in Philadelphia November 15, 1763, and under whose able jurisdiction, the following year, the line was run and permanently marked, and peace between the two provinces secured.
4
History of Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
FRENCH AND ENGLISH.
While England lay dormant as to her interests west of the Alleghenies France was active in establishing her forts, missions and trading posts throughout the Mississippi valley, establish- ing her claims by prior explorations and settlements. To an- ticipate this action on the part of France a company was formed in 1748, known as the Ohio Land Company. Among the mem- bers of this company were Robert Dinwiddie, governor of Virginia, Lawrence and Augustine Washington, brothers of George Washington and John Hamburg, a wealthy merchant of London. This company secured a royal grant for a tract of five hundred thousand acres of land to be located on the Ohio river, and Governor Dinwiddie was also authorized to use the militia of the state to secure the company in its rights. Major George Washington was sent as an envoy to inquire into the intentions of the French in penetrating the Ohio valley. The French commandant informed Washington that the French had not only come to stay, but further, intended to eject every English trader from the Ohio valley. Immediate steps were taken to establish an English fort at the Forks, but the French descended the Allegheny river in such numbers that the un- finished fort was surrendered without a blow. The following spring a small force was sent out under the command of Major Washington to recover, if possible, what had been lost at the Forks, and upon the hills of Fayette county he encountered a French force under the command of Ensign Jumonville. Here the first conflict at arms took place in the great French and Indian war, and which was known in Europe as the Seven Years' war. Here Washington fought his first battle, and from here arose the star of Washington to attract the wonder and the admiration of the world. Although victory crowned this first engagement, about five weeks after, Washington was com- pelled to capitulate to a superior French and Indian force under the command of de Villiers, a half brother to Jumonville. The following year General Edward Braddock was sent over to recover what had been lost to the French. He had under his command two regiments of English regulars to which were added several companies of provincials. He met a most dis- astrous defeat where the city of Braddock now stands, and upon the retreat of the remnant of his army the French flag floated in triumph from the Alleghenies to the Mississippi. This
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History of Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
triumphal possession, however, was of short duration, for in three years after, General John Forbes advanced on Fort Du- quesne with an army, upon the approach of which the French exploded their magazines, set fire to the buildings and fled by water and by land, leaving the Ohio valley in the possession of the English.
CONTROVERSY WITH VIRGINIA.
Ambiguity in Penn's charter gave rise to a controversy with Virginia as it had with Maryland.
The Forks of the Ohio was regarded as a stragetic point by both the French and the English for supremacy in the Ohio valley. The proprietories of Pennsylvania learning that the authorities of Virginia were preparing to build a fort at the Forks to repel an expected invasion of the French, instructed Governor Hamilton to assist in the undertaking, but at the same time exacting from Virginia an acknowledgment that such action would not prejudice the rights of the Pennsylvania pro- prietories. This appears to have been the first open declaration of the claims of the two commonwealths for the territory west of the Alleghenies. The controversy of jurisdiction over the territory west of the mountains thus begun, lasted, with more or less animation, frequently to the verge of hostility and blood- shed, until in June, 1780, when the two colonies ratified an agreement by which the boundary controversy was closed.
Virginia had insisted that the western line of Maryland be extended due north to the fortieth degree of north latitude, thence along that line due west to five degrees of longitude com- puted from the Delaware.
By compliance with this proposition Pennsylvania would have lost to Virginia a parallelogram 55.2 miles in length and 19.2 miles in width, including the historic spots of Washington's first battle field; the grave of Jumonville, the first officer who fell in the initial conflict between the French and English in the struggle for supremacy west of the Alleghenies; the site of Fort Necessity where Washington made his only surrender to a foe; and the grave of General Braddock, who met his defeat at the battle of the Monongahela, in his attempt to cap- ture Fort Duquesne, and would have thrown the site of Union- town seven and a half miles within her borders. This proposi- tion was rejected by Pennsylvania.
Virginia always contended that the western line of Pennsyl-
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History of Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
vania would fall fifty miles east of the Forks of the Ohio and proposed that the line be run as follows: from the northwest corner of Maryland to Braddock's road; by it to the Great Cross- ings of the Youghiogheny; down that river to the Chestnut Ridge mountain; along its crest to Greenlick Run branch of Jacob's creek; by the road and its continuation towards Pitts- burg to the Bullock Pens (a little north of the present site of Wilkinsburg), and thence by a straight line to the mouth of Plum creek on the Allegheny river, thus reserving unto herself all the valuable part of Western Pennsylvania. This proposi- tion was also promptly rejected by Pennsylvania.
It will be remembered that Mason and Dixon having ex- tended their line from the northwest corner of Maryland to the third crossing of Dunkard creek without any authority from Virginia, that province did not recognize the line as the boun- dary of her jurisdiction, but continued all the while acting on the aggressive while Pennsylvania was acting on the defensive and in the meantime trying to hold jurisdiction west of the mountains.
Notwithstanding Pennsylvania had established her courts of justice west of the mountains in 1773, Dr. John Connolly, a shrimp and willing dupe and cringing tool of Lord Dunmore, was sent to Fort Pitt in 1774, took possession of the fort and changed its name to that of Fort Dunmore, and issued his proclamation calling the militia together. For this act of im- perialism Arthur St. Clair, then a magistrate of Westmoreland county, issued a warrant and had him committed to the jail at Hannastown. He was soon released on bail, but returned in March with both civil and military power, and with one hundred and fifty armed men, arrested the justices of the Westmoreland court and sent them under guard to Staunton, Virginia ; released the prisoners and committed other acts befitting only a tyrant. At the mutterings of the Revolutionary war Dunmore skulked aboard an English man-of-war and his cringing cur followed.
Augusta county, Virginia, was erected in 1738 and included all the territory west of the Blue Ridge mountains, the western part of which acquired the name of West Augusta district from the fact of its remote western location.
Virginia's next move was to divide this West Augusta dis- trict into three distinct counties, to take effect in December, 1776. These counties were named Ohio, Monongalia and Yoho-
History of Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
gania ; much of the former two and nearly all of the last was composed of Pennsylvania territory. The last took in what is now the county seats of Washington, Fayette, Westmoreland and Allegheny counties, and under this arrangement, civil and military authority was exercised from 1776 to 1780; but upon the completion of the Mason and Dixon line it was found that the greater part of Yohogania county fell within the limits of Pennsylvania, and what was left of it was absorbed by Ohio county, and Yohogania became extinct.
The court for Monongalia county was held in a shop on the land of Theopilus Phillips in Springhill township; that of Ohio, at Black's cabin near West Liberty, and that of Yohogania on the plantation of Andrew Heath, on the western bank of the Monongahela river, about where the line of Washington and Allegheny counties strike that river. Thus bitter contentions continued until a commission representing the two contending provinces met at Baltimore and on August 31, 1779, reached the agreement that the Mason and Dixon line should be extended to the distance of five degrees westward from the Delaware and this should be the southern boundary of Pennsylvania, and -that a meridian drawn from the western extremity thereof should be the western limit forever. Thus ended the boundary contro- versy that had been waging so long between these two sister provinces. It remained yet to run and mark the line left un- finished by Mason and Dixon to the southwest corner. This, however, was done in 1782, and in the fall of 1784, after the most exacting and scientific manner then known, the perma- nent stone was set, and in 1786, the western boundary was finished to Lake Erie.
CHAPTER II.
FRONTIER SETTLEMENTS-ADVENT OF THE BEESONS-FOUNDING OF UNIONTOWN-ERECTION OF FAYETTE COUNTY-INCORPORATION OF THE BOROUGH-LIST OF BURGESSES.
During the time the proprietories of Pennsylvania were contending for their rights with Cecilius Calvert and the prov- ince of Virginia there were other important matters transpiring west of the mountains. What is now the territory of Fayette county became the home of the first white settlers in the Monon- gahela valley. Wendell Brown and his two sons, Maunus and Adam, who settled here in 1751 or '52, and Christopher Gist who followed a year later, were the pioneer settlers west of the Allegheny mountains. From this time forward immigration began to flow into the Monongahela valley, and by 1768, some one hundred and fifty families, comprising some eight hundred souls, had found new homes in the Redstone settlement. This caused the proprietories some anxiety lest it cause an uprising on the part of the Indians whose claims to this part of the com- monwealth had not as yet been extinguished. Commissioners were sent to warn the settlers off, and threatened those who re- fused to obey the warning with dire punishment, even death. Some removed but soon returned, not fearing an uprising of the Indians.
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