A history of the townships of Byberry and Moreland, in Philadelphia, Pa. : from their earliest settlements by the whites to the present time, Part 1

Author: Martindale, Joseph C. cn; Dudley, Albert W
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: Philadelphia : G. W. Jacobs & Co.
Number of Pages: 462


USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > A history of the townships of Byberry and Moreland, in Philadelphia, Pa. : from their earliest settlements by the whites to the present time > Part 1


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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26



Gc 974.802 P53m 1136470


M. L


GENEALOGY COLLECTION


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02221 0436


1



Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016


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A HISTORY


OF THE


TOWNSHIPS


OF


BYBERRY AND MORELAND,


IN


PHILADELPHIA, PA.


FROM THEIR EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS BY THE WHITES TO THE 1


PRESENT TIME.


BY


JOSEPH C. MARTINDALE, M.D.


NEW AND REVISED EDITION


EDITED BY ALBERT W. DUDLEY, B. S.


PHILADELPHIA GEORGE W. JACOBS & CO. 103-105 S. FIFTEENTH STREET


PREFACE.


1136470


BYBERRY and Moreland have from time to time been made the subjects of various historical sketches. The pioneer in this work seems to have been Isaac Comly. He spent a large part of his time in collecting such material. In 1827, in the memoirs of the Historical Society of Penn- sylvania, appeared one of his first productions in this line. This being a short sketch and wishing to bring the subject more comprehensively before the public, he began work- ing on a more complete account of his native home. In 1847, he had the work in manuscript form. Owing to death soon after, the work was never published.


The good work was next taken up by Isaac Martindale, a relative of Isaac Comly. In an historical sketch of Moreland and Byberry written for the Germantown Tele- graph by that untiring student of local history, Rev. S. F. Hotchkin, appeared a letter of Isaac Martindale. In it he says: "I early imbibed a love for 'early times' by direct inheritance from my mother, who was Phebe Comly, daughter of Joseph Comly and granddaughter of Isaac Comly, who married Asenath Hampton of Wrights- town, Bucks County. Joseph Comly, my grandfather, and Isaac Comly, a noted writer of his day, became quite conspicuous in the affairs of the vicinity; and it is to these we are solely indebted for the preservation of the early records of Byberry and Moreland.


V111


PREFACE.


In early life, I took up the subject where it had been left by my uncle Isaac, who died in 1847, with the purpose of revising and ultimately publishing it, being encouraged by my mother, who possessed a very retentive memory. In a few years, I had familiarized myself with much of the early history of the townships and knew most of the land- marks. I had collected in manuscript a vast amount of interesting matter, had verified dates, etc., but the active duties of a farmer's life required most of my time. On one occasion, when my brother was visiting our old home, I brought to his knowledge the work I had in hand, and he became greatly interested in it, and having more leis- ure than myself, he proposed taking hold of it with me. About that time I left Byberry and went into a bank, and he carried out the publishing of the history. One small edition of three hundred and fifty copies was issued, it being my purpose subsequently to issue a revised edition, but that time has never come."


At almost the same time, appeared in the Memoirs of the Historical Society an account of Moreland by William T. Buck, Esq. Somewhat later appeared General W. W. H. Davis' "History of Bucks County." After this a manuscript history of the Lower Dublin Academy was written. And still later, appeared two of the Rev. S. F. Hotchkin's valuable historical works on "The York Road, Old and New, Fox Chase and Bustleton" and 'Bristol Pike."


In the preparation of the new edition, I have been much indebted to the above mentioned as well as numberless other sources of information. I am much indebted to Mahlon Carver for much valuable information, to the


a


ix


PREFACE.


Rev. S. F. Hotchkin, not only for historical matter, but also for constant assistance during the progress of the work, and lastly to Watson C. Martindale, a brother, and Mrs. Martindale, the widow, of the author, for the many kindnesses received at their hands.


PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.


IN presenting this History of the townships of By- berry and Moreland to the public, a few words in refer- ence to it will not be out of place here. The late Isaac Comly, of Byberry, was exceedingly fond of local history, and spent a great portion of his time in collecting and arranging all matters of local interest that came to his notice. He kept a regular account of all the more im- portant events which transpired in these and the adjoining townships, from about 1810 to the time of his decease, in 1847. Some years previous to his death, with the ma- terial then on hand, he wrote a history of Byberry, which, however, was never published. After his death, the man- uscript passed into the hands of his executors, Watson Comly, Charles B. Comly, and Dr. Isaac Comly. It was, however, far from being complete, and after some con- sultation we concluded to collect such additional matter as could be obtained and have it published. We therefore commenced the work in earnest, and after much labor and not a little trouble, on account of the indifference mani- fested by many persons, we have so far succeeded as now to be able to present a connected history of these town- ships from their earliest settlement by the whites to the present time.


In writing this history we have been influenced entirely


xii


PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.


by a desire to preserve many valuable historical records and interesting reminiscences connected with olden times, and have not "set down aught in malice" to any one.


The work embraces not only a history of the townships but also a sketch of their topography, geology, and min- eralogy, a few biographical sketches of prominent indi- viduals who resided in them, and a genealogical account of the Bolton, Carver, Comly, Duffield, Gilbert, Knight, Martindale, Saurman, Thornton, Tomlinson, Walmsley, Shearer, and Worthington families.


I cannot close this, however, without expressing my ob- ligations to Watson Comly and Isaac C. Martindale, both of Byberry, for the interest they have manifested in this history; to the former I am indebted for such informa- tion and assistance as could nowhere else have been ob- tained, and which has added much to the interest of these pages ; to the latter, who first engaged in preparing this history, and who has spent much time and labor in hunt- ing up old manuscripts, etc., too much credit cannot be given for the valuable assistance he has thus rendered.


We are well aware that this history is incomplete, and that mistakes in it have undoubtedly been made, but, as it is, we give it to the public, hoping that they may find much pleasure in perusing its records and reminiscences of bygone times.


to d r d


INTRODUCTION.


BY THE REV. S. F. HOTCHKIN.


IN introducing my young friend Mr. Dudley to the his- toric public, it is fitting to say that he deems it both a duty and a high privilege to perpetuate the history of the region in which he dwells, and where his family has long dwelt.


His careful additions to this volume will make a rare and valued book still more valuable.


The Reverend Charles Kingsley styled history "the track of God's footsteps through time"; and the country district as well as cities and empires may display these traces of Providence.


In the simple narrative before us the wild Indian is succeeded by the godly Friend, and other religious set- tlers, who turn the wilderness into a blooming "garden of the Lord."


English history here reproduces itself in a new land, with striking variations; and the rapid improvements of modern life make a story well worth the reading, while the old fact of the importance of individual character in forming a community is ever prominent. The desire to know how the forefathers lived is gratified, and the lesson of patience and integrity should leave a lasting impression on the minds of their children, to aid them in becoming a blessing to their descendants in this Christian land.


3


xiv


INTRODUCTION.


The interest in history is that of human life. An old chimney in a field recalls a bride and groom, who began housekeeping in the new abode; and the births and burials and joys and sorrows of a family until an accident left a ruin in place of a home.


Every valley and hillside has its own narrative of love and sorrow which affected a neighborhood ; and happy is he who can so repeat the tale as to make the present gen- eration receive and profit by it in their own life-struggles, and hardly-won successes, or instructive defeats, which only spur the earnest souls to bolder endeavors.


CONTENTS.


PAGE.


From the Earliest Settlements to the Close of the Revolu-


tion


17


The Free Society of Traders, Nicholas Moore and Moreland. 92


Churches I02 Preachers of Byberry Meeting III Schools I2I


Assessments


144


Events Relating to the War of 1812. 146 Agriculture I48 Roads


156


Post-Offices


158 160 16I


Burial Places


164


Philosophical Society I71


Adelphian Society I73


174


Authors


175


Diseases


177


Mills


178 182


Remarkable Occurrences


183


Large Trees 184


Big Woman I86


Births and Deaths 189


Notes from Old Manuscripts


190


Miscellaneous 195 Topography, Geology, etc. 213


Villages 219


Biographical Sketches 226


Bolton Family


254


Overseers of the Poor


Byberry Library


Distinguished Citizens


New County


xvi


CONTENTS.


Carver Family


263


Comly Family


270


Duffield Family


302


Gilbert Family


308


Knight Family


317


Martindale Family


337


Saurman Family


343


Townsend Family


347


Thornton Family


35I


Walmsley Family


353


Walton Family


363


Worthington Family


377


Tomlinson Family


384


Shearer Family 389


Conclusion


392


Index


395


THE HISTORY


OF


BYBERRY AND MORELAND.


PART I.


FROM THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION.


ALTHOUGH North America was discovered by the Ca- bots in the year 1497, and the whole coast was explored by contemporary navigators, yet the Delaware River was unknown to the civilized world until Henry Hudson, in 1607, made a visit to the coast and revealed its existence. This distinguished navigator spent several months in care- fully exploring every bay and inlet along the coast, and was amply rewarded for his toil in the discovery of the two noble streams-the Delaware and the Hudson-be- tween the thirty-sixth and forty-second degrees of north latitude, and the bay which bears his name further to the north. These discoveries made him justly celebrated as a navigator, and will serve as lasting monuments of his glory. The Hudson River was named the North, and the Delaware the South River. The name of the latter, how-


2


3 3 7


263 270 302 108 17 37 43 17


18


THE HISTORY OF


ever, was changed to Delaware,1 in honor of Lord Dela- ware, who sailed into the bay in the year 1610. At what time the first European entered the river is not now known, but in Roggerveen's map of New Netherlands, printed at Amsterdam in 1676, the course of the Delaware River, with most of its tributaries, among which is the Poquessing, is delineated with considerable accuracy.


The settlement of Pennsylvania is generally considered as having been commenced in 1681 by William Penn, but the Dutch and Swedes had made settlements on the west- ern bank of the Delaware previous to that time, and had given to the country now embraced in Delaware, Chester, Philadelphia and Bucks Counties, the name of "Upland County." William Penn changed this name to that of Chester soon after his arrival, and some time in the same year, the exact date of which is not known, he divided it into three counties,-Chester, Philadelphia, and Bucks. We find no account of any Swedish settlements having been made in the vicinity of Byberry, but it is quite prob- able that some such settlements were made, as we find in the list of "overseers for the highways nominated and elected by the Court, March 14th, 1682, for one year next ensuing, which is to be done within their respective pre- cincts before the last day of May 'ut sequitur,' the name of Erick Mullikay, as overseer for the district extending from Tawrony (Tacony) Creek to Poynessink ( Poques- sing) Creek." That there was a settlement made in By- berry previous to the arrival of Penn there can be but lit-


1 The Indians appear to have had a number of names for the Dela- ware River. The Lenni Lenape called it Lenape-wihittuck or the river of the Lenape. Nearer its mouth, the river was called Kit- hanne or main stream.


HENRY ENGLISH


SECTION OF


THOMAS


MAP


ABLE NOBLE


GEORGE RANDAL


NATHANEL ALLEN


JOHN HART


WN. POWELL


WILLIAM


JOHN RUSH SEN.


ISRAEL HOBS


AND MARY


THE


JOHN RUSH


BINGLEY


WID. SHORTER


SILAS CRISPIN


JOSH. CART


JNO. MARTIN


SNO. LUFFE


JOHN BARNES


ROB. PRESMORE


ELIS, MARTIN


OF


SARAH FULLER


MARKE


SAM.


ALLEN


BETRIS


TRINK


HOLME


MORELAND


INO. JONES


1


THOS . FARMA


ENOCH FLOW-


JOHN S WI FT


JOS. JONES DAR. MARSH


SAMEEL CLARRIDE


JOEL NOSTEN/


MANNER


PHIL. THENMAN


THOS. LLOYD


RICHARD WOOD WOOD


HOLME'S 1681.


WALTER


ROBERT FAIRMAN


SILAS CRIST


THO. LIVESLY


JOHN MASON


RICH. VORRELL


ALIN FOSTER


ROBERT FAIRMAN


JOHN SUMMER


JAMES ATKINSON


JOHN CARVER


COLLE T


SAMUEL


JOHN


EDNA


GODWIN


GROWDEN


ROB. TURNER


SAM. CLARRIDG


HART


JOHN


ANDREW GRISCOMB


DANIEL JONES


ELLIS


THOMAS CROSS


GILES KNIGHT


LAWRENCE AND JOSEPH


JOS. ASH TOT


2


KAT


AS


GEORGE


TIBBY


NICHOL 1403018


JOHN GRAY ALS. FATHAM


HOL ME


THOS. HOLME


ANN SALTER


PET. RAMBO


LASE BORE


BEN. AEROL


JOHN GILBERT


JOSEPH GROWDEN


ALLEN


DUN ON WILLIAMS NATHANIEL HARDIN


SAMUEL


FRANCIS WALKE


CLAUS JOHNSON


NESHAMENAM


DELAWARE


RIVER


BOWEN


JOHN


NEW


JERSEY


SECTION OF THOMAS HOLME'S MAP.


ERICK MEELS


POTQUESSIN CREEK


MILL CREEK


FATHAM HOUSE


2300


PET. RAMBO


NATHANIEL


NEELS NELSON


WALTER FOREST


ELINOR


BUIN CREEX


MARTES


JOS. FISHER


THO.


YOUNG


!


4


ALLE N


19


BYBERRY AND MORELAND.


tle doubt ; and we learn from a communication made by Benjamin Kite to Roberts Vaux, that the Walton family settled within the limits of Byberry in the year 1675, seven years before Penn arrived in America. This family consisted of four brothers, Nathaniel, Thomas, Daniel, and William, who were all young and single men. They gave to the place the name of Byberry2 in honor of their native town, near Bristol, in England. They arrived at New Castle, from England, early in 1675, provided with axes, hoes, etc., ready for making a settlement in the wilder- ness. From New Castle they proceeded along the Dela- ware in search of a place for a settlement, and carried their whole stock of utensils, provisions, etc., on their backs. After some time spent in examining the country, they arrived at the Poquessing Creek, and were so highly pleased with the level lands in that vicinity, the abundance of good water, and the beautiful appearance of the coun-


" Concerning the origin of the name Byberry, there is more or less uncertainty. The most probable explanation is that the name was given to the place by the Waltons in honor of their home near Bris- tol, in England. At this Byberry, Henry VIII. erected a royal palace and lived there during a portion of his time.


"By" in Old English meant to build up or a building up. It is some- times used at the end of a word with the significance of town or village. "Berry" in Old English meant town.


In a manuscript written by Isaac Comly about 1847, we find the following: "It has been reported that the Waltons, who were among the first settlers, gave the place the name Byberry in reference to a place of that name where they dwelt in England. Another story says the new settlers determined upon the name by each of them causing that which he preferred to be written and deposited in a hat, and it was agreed, after being well shook up, the first drawn should be adopted ;- and it came out Byberry. We never read of any By- berry elsewhere, but it has been said, there is a small village so called in the neighborhood of Bristol, England. The word is an English compound and signifies a habitation or castle upon a hill."


20


THE HISTORY OF


try, that they determined upon making a settlement near the banks of that stream.3


Having neither the time nor the means for erecting a dwelling, they dug a cave in the earth and covered it with bark and dirt, in which they resided for several months, while they proceeded to prepare the land for their crops. Not having any wheat with which to sow their lands, two of the brothers, in the latter part of the same summer, walked to New Castle to procure a bushel of wheat for seed ; and, shouldering a half a bushel each, they carried it all the way home, a distance of nearly fifty miles. The land, for want of other utensils, was prepared with hoes, and the bushel of wheat sown, from which it is said they reaped sixty bushels at the next harvest. This was prob- ably the first wheat ever raised in the townships.


In 1678 we find there was surveyed to Peter Rambo,


3 I have been unable to discover the original authority for the statement that the Waltons came to Byberry in 1675. The name does not appear in the old documents until about the year 1685. Had they taken up their residence here, it is evident that John Carver would have been under no obligation of going to Chester for grain as is stated. Mary, his wife, would probably have applied to her white neighbors rather than rely on the uncertain hospitality of the savages. Numerous records of marriages found in the records of Abington tend to confirm the foregoing opinion. From Mahlon Carver, I learn that the Walton Tract belonged to James Pearman at the time of Penn's arrival.


In regard to the Waltons, Gilbert Cope writes to me: "A deed on record at Trenton shows that the four brothers, Nathaniel, Thomas, Daniel and William Walton, were the sons of William Walton, of Oxhill, in the county of Warwick, England. Their arrival was probably in 1683, or possibly near the close of 1682, as Nathaniel claimed, in 1713, that he had paid his brother's passage 'thirty years and upward, prior to this date."


The date of Nathaniel Walton's marriage, as well as of several other marriages taken from the records of Abington Monthly Meet- ing, is erroneous, owing to a false construction of the minutes when they were revised years afterward. Nathaniel was married in Phila- delphia, 12mo., Ioth, 1685-6, to Martha Bonell, as shown by the re- corded marriage certificate.


ta 1 F


21


BYBERRY AND MORELAND.


Jr., a tract called "Ramsdorp," extending from the Penny- pack northeastwardly along the Delaware, and which con- tained three hundred acres. In the preceding year (1677), warrants were issued to Ephraim Herman, Pelle Rambo, and Captain Hans Moens, for three hundred acres each (making nine hundred acres) ; and, in 1678, to Ephraim Herman (who, in the following year, relin- quished his right to Laers Laersen), for the remainder of the land between the Pennypack and Poquessing Creeks. Poquessing is mentioned by Campanius as an Indian vil- lage, in which presided a chief or sachem. Its precise location has been lost, but was probably near the Byberry Creek, not far from Reuben Parry's meadow, as several Indian utensils and implements have been found in that vicinity.4


How many had settled in Byberry previous to 1682, is not now known, but in November, 1677, the whole num- ber of taxables north of the Schuylkill, including every male inhabitant of twenty-one years of age, amounted to sixty-five, and these were scattered over the whole coun- try between that river and the Neshaminy Creek. Among these we find the names of Lansey Bore, Hans Liken, and Andrew Benksen, probably persons of some note. Our accounts of these settlements are indeed meagre, yet there can be no doubt that such settlements were made, and that they continued until William Penn, on account of ser- vices rendered the crown of England by his father,


4 William J. Buck, in his account of Moreland, speaks of an Indian village on the Green Spring Plantation near Somerton. This may have been the village of which Campanius speaks in his history.


22


THE HISTORY OF


Admiral Penn, received the grant of Pennsylvania in let- ters patent from King Charles II., dated the 4th of March (May), 1681. In this grant the townships of Byberry and Moreland were included. Penn did not consider the grant of these lands from the king a sufficient title; therefore he purchased them from the Indians, in whose possession they were at that time, and they accordingly gave him a release from their claims. Those having re- ference to the tracts of land of which Byberry and More- land formed a part were as follows :


We, Essepanaike, Swanpees, Okettarico, and Wessa- poet, this 23d day of 4 month, called June, in ye year according to ye English account, 1683, for us and o'r heirs and assigns, do grant and dispose of all our lands lying betwixt Pemmapecka and Nesheminck Creeks, and all along Nesheminck Creek, and backward of same, and to run two days journey with a horse up into ye country as ye said river doth goe, To William Penn, Propriet'r and Govern'r of ye Province of Pensilvania, &c., His Heirs and Assigns for ever, for ye consideration of so much Wampum, and so many Guns, shoes, stockings, Looking-glasses, Blankets and other goods, as ye said William Penn shall be pleased to give unto us, hereby, for us, o'r heirs and assigns, Removing all claims or De- mands of anything in or for ye Premise for ye future, from him, His heirs and assigns. In Witness whereof we have hereunto sett o'r hands and seals, ye day and year


23


BYBERRY AND MORELAND.


first above written. Sealed and delivered in presence of


LASSE COCK, MENANE,


PHILIP TH. LEHNMAN,


HITTOKEN,


PIETER COCK,


RICHARD, SHOCKHANNO.


Jos. CURTEIS,


The mark of X ESSEPENAIKE,


The mark of X SWANPEES,


The mark of X OKETTARICKOW,


The mark of X WESSAPOAT.


I, Tamanen, 23 day of 4 month, called June in ye year according to ye English account, 1683, for me, my heirs and assigns, do grant and dispose of all my lands lying betwixt Pemmapecka and Neshamincks Creeks, and all along Neshamincks Creek, to William Penn, Propriet'r and Govern'r of Pensilvania, &c., his heirs and Assigns for Ever, for ye Consideration of so much Wampum, so many guns, shoes, stockings, Looking-glasses, Blankets, and other goods, as he, ye said William Penn, shall please to give unto me : and my Parcell being much smaller than Ossepenaikes and Swanpees, Hereby for me, my heirs and Assigns, renouncing all claims or demands, of or in, and for ye future, from Him, his heirs and Assigns. In Wit- ness whereof I have hereunto sett my hand and seal, ye day and year first above written.


TAMMANENS, X his mark.


Received, moreover, all matchcoats, stockings, shirts


e V


let- rch Try he e;


24


THE HISTORY OF


and blankets, besides several guilders in silver, and I ac- knowledge I have sold all my lands as above.


LASSE COCK, JOIIN BLUNSTON, Jos. CURTEIS.


Indians present.


RICHARD, SHOCKHUPPO, MESSAMEQUON. The mark of X TAMMANENS.


Witness-CRILBERT HILLEELER.


23 of ye 4 month, 1683.


We, Tammanen and Metamequan, do hereby acknowl- edge to have received of William Penn, Propriet'r and Govern'r of Pensilvania, &c., these following goods, be- ing the consideration for our tract of land Betwixt and about Pemmapecka and Neshaminck Creeks, and all along Neshaminck Creek, sold and granted unto ye said Wil- liam Penn, Propriet'r and Govern'r, &c., as by a deed dated ye 23 of ye 4 month, in ye year 1683, doth more plain appear, bearing ye date hereof, with w'h we doe hereby hold o'selves fully contented and satisfied.


5 p. Stockings, 16 knives, 10 Glasses, 20 fish-hooks, 20 Barrs Lead, 100 Needles, 5 Capps, 10 Tobacco Tongs, IO Tobacco Boxes, 15 Combs, 5 Hoes, 10 pr. Sissers, 6 Coats, 2 Guns, 9 Gimbletts, 7 half Gills, 8 Shirts, 2 Ket- tles, 6 Axes, 2 Blanketts, 4 Handsfull Bells, 12 awles, 5 Hatts, 20 Handsfull of Wampum, 25 lbs. powder, 4 gal. Strong Water, 38 yds. Duffills, and I peck Pipes.


In Witness whereof we have hereunto sett o'r Hands.5


TAMMANEN, X his mark. METAMEQUAN, X his mark.


5 Indian treaties for purchase of land appear to have been very numerous. From Acrelius, we learn that a party of Swedes reached Delaware in April, 1638, on the ships "Key of Calmar" and "Bird


a


C


te


COM


25


BYBERRY AND MORELAND.


Among the settlers who came over in the ship "Wel- come," which left England 8 mo. 30, 1682, and arrived at New Castle on the Delaware, two months afterwards, and who settled in Byberry, were Giles Knight, from Glouces- tershire, Mary, his wife, and their son Joseph, and John Carver, maltster, from Hertfordshire,6 Mary, his wife, and their daughter, Mary, who was born near Philadel- phia four days after landing at New Castle. About the same time John Hart, his wife Susannah, and several children, arrived from Oxfordshire; Richard Collett, with his wife Elizabeth, and Josiah Ellis, also arrived, and all located within the present limits of Byberry. Some time during the next year (1683) John Rush, an elderly Friend from Oxfordshire, arrived with his family, con- sisting of five sons and one daughter. One son, William, brought his wife Aurelia and three children. Soon after


Griffin," and that-"A purchase of land was immediately made from the Indians and it was determined that all the land on the west side of the Delaware from the point called Cape Inlopen or Hinlopen (Delaware Bay) to the fall called Santickan (Trenton) and all the country inland as much as was ceded should belong to the Swedish crown forever. Posts were driven into the ground as landmarks, which were still seen in their places sixty years afterward. A deed was drawn up for the land thus purchased. This was written in the Dutch because no Swede was yet able to interpret the language of the heathen. The Indians subscribed their hands and marks. The writing was sent home to Sweden to be preserved in the royal archives. Maus Kling was the surveyor. He laid out the land and made a map of the whole river, with its tributaries, islands and points which is still to be found in the royal archives of Sweden. Their clergyman was Reorus Torkillus of East Gothland."




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