USA > Pennsylvania > Delaware County > Chester > Historical sketch of Chester, on Delaware > Part 1
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¥c 74.802 :42a 1822021
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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 02223 8056
HISTORICAL SKETCH
OF
CHESTER, ON DELAWARE D ennsylvaira Pa. BY HENRY GRAHAM ASMMEAD.
WITH
1
MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
ALSO,
A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE WORK OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE OF THE PENN BI-CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION OF CHESTER; NAMES OF MEMBERS OF SAME AND OF SUB-COMMITTEES; LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO THE FUND; COMMEMORATIVE EXERCISES OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS, CHESTER, FIRST DAY, IOTH MONTH 22D, 1882; BI-CENTENNIAL. CELEBRATION, OCT. 23D. 1882; UNVEILING OF MEMORIAL STONE, NOV. 9TH, 1882, AND A LIST OF INDUSTRIES,
BY WILLIAM SHALER JOHNSON.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE HISTORICAL COMMITTEE.
CHESTER, PA. PRINTED AT THE REPUBLICAN STEAM PRINTING RONSE 1883.
1822021
ACED
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historicalsketch00ashm 0
HISTORICAL COMMITTEE.
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OLIVER TROTH, CHAIRMAN. WILLIAM SHALER JOHNSON, SECRETARY.
H. G. ASHMEAD, CHESTER.
COL. FRANK M. ETTING, CONCORD.
HENRY FRYSINGER,
R. M. JOHNSON, LOWER CHICHESTER,
JOHN SPENCER,
11
JOHN B. OKIE,
11
=
GEO. W. WHITLOCK,
JOSEPH CHADWICK, MEDIA.
ISAIAH H. MIRKIL
ADAM C. ECKFELDT, NORTH CHESTER.
THOMAS LEES,
WARD R. BLISS, UPLAND.
PREFACE.
The Historical Committee of the Penn Bi-Centennial Associa- tion of Chester, in the discharge of the duties confided to them, thought it but fitting that the people should have some enduring memorial of the celebration in our city of the Two Hundredth an- niversary of the landing of William Penn, the Founder of the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania-a memorial which could pass from father to son and keep alive, to some extent at least, the interest which the event had aroused and the lessons it had taught.
That memorial has taken the form of the present book. Be- ginning with small things it has grown to its present proportions- grown so that the Committee is actually giving to its subscribers a work of nearly double the size and quadruple the value of that at first contemplated.
In the hurry of preparation-for it must be borne in mind that all these materials have been gathered and put into their present form within three months, and by those actively engaged in the daily duties of life and business, and who also were deeply interested in the work of the Bi-Centennial Committee-it has been impos- sible to avoid some errors of construction and typography which would not have occurred had the book had, what it has been im- possible to give it, a thorough and careful revision.
To John M. Broomall, Wm. H. Egle, LL. D., Daniel B. Thomson, William Ward, William B. Broomall, David M. Johnson, John B. Hinkson, Henry B. Edwards, Edmund Pennell, George M. Booth and others, are due thanks for information given. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and individual members have also kindly given assistance, and the Society has increased the obligation by
€
IV
Preface.
permitting the use of the two original letters of William Penn, which appear in fac simile in this book, one of which has been but lately recovered and not before published in this form.
Smith's Atlas of Delaware County, Flavill's Map of Chester, with original deeds and surveys, have been the authorities for two of the maps while the third is almost a fac simile copy of a rough draft belonging to William B. Broomall, Esq., dated about 1765.
We are also indebted to the Evening News Publishing Company for the use of several plates kindly loaned by them.
V
.
The Maps.
.
THE MAPS.
The first map represents the older or Historical part of the city of Chester. The heavy black lines are the boundaries of old grants and patents of the Swedish Gov- ernment and the Proprietary. The lighter black lines define the course of the old roads. The dotted lines show the present course of Chester creek and the water front and the streets of the modern city. The notable historic spots are as follows:
A-Landing place of William Penn on Front street, fifty feet east of the east line of
Penn street. The spot is now marked by the Memorial Stone presented to the city by members of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Fenn Club. B-Old Well, Essex House.
C-Site of Essex House.
D-Site of Boar's Head Inn.
E-Site of the Sandeland Double House, in which the First Assembly convened. Be- tween this and the old Prison stood the first Friends Meeting House, built 1693. F-Site of Work House, 1724.
G-Site of Prison, 1724.
H-Site of David Lloyd's House, afterwards known as the Porter Mansion, built 1721. I-Site of Market House, Market Square.
K-Site of old House of Defence.
XXX-Jasper Yeates' Granary.
BUILDINGS STILL STANDING.
I-Prothonotary's Office.
II-Court House, 1724.
III-Richard Barry's Tavern, 1735, now Columbia House.
IV-Pennsylvania Arms, now Washington Hotel, built 1747.
V-Hope Anchor Inn. David Cowpland.
VI-Morgan (Dr. Terrill) House.
VII-David Cowpland House, now Stacey House.
VIII-James Sandeland's prior to 1700, now Lafayette House. IX-Cobourn (Flickwir) House.
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.
VI
The Maps.
X-Old Log House.
XI-Blue Ball Inn. Francis Richardson. 1765.
XII-Francis Richardson, 1760, now Steamboat Hotel.
XIII-Thomas Barber's House.
XIV-Logan House. Jasper Yeates. 1700. XV-Dick House. Robert Barber. 1700.
XVI-David Lloyd's first House prior to 1703.
XVII-Francis Richardson. 1765.
XVIII-Ashbridge House. 1725. XIX-The Anderson Mansion. 1803.
XX-Graham House. Built by John Hoskins, 1688. Oldest house in Chester. XXI-Henry Hale Graham's Office.
XXII-Old Prison. 1695.
XXIII-Old Court House. 1685.
XXIV -- Pennsylvania Arms. 1720, now City Hotel.
XXV-Jacob Howell's House.
XXVI-Isaac Eyre's House.
XXVII-Johnson Tavern.
XXVIII-Jonas Sandelands, 1723.
XXIX-Black Bear Inn. Early part of last century.
XXXI-Friends' Meeting House. 1736.
The second map is also historical, giving the lines of old grants and patents and name of grantee, with dates; also old names of streams and roads. The scale, how- ever, is so reduced as to cover the entire ground now occupied by the city of Chester and adjacent boroughs.
The third map is almost a fac simile copy on a greatly reduced scale, of a rough draft in possession of W. B. Broomall, Esq., of Chester. It must date about 1765, and historically is very interesting.
ER: Harman,
with my Leve, this is Io Defire Ince to Dispatch aday & mettenger upon receipt- hereva, With the melofed layers touf Lever all Persons of Places they are directed to , y. So they may be at Newcastle a2 y lour 2 m 2% of gove - in with those will oflodge
Thy Loveing
upland 2g. fire: 1682. Saluta me Lochy wife is Kired Reigh- bours . Drie thecuslost bitters x scale them I will pay of Manfenger
UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF WILLIAM PENN.
Will: Carval Grown Thionville Go Milyard, Robert Stars
That are to Define you former me at newcastle next thursday Tocallof bring & 2 of november where I shall hoto a General Cours for the Settlement of vy fur the Quindiction of this parts in To losing you wel blair
Your Loving rpm 29-8: 1682.
off there be any persons of roLE other y defire to come, they m my freety, dove, of this, pray. frignagy
PENN'S LETTER FROM UPLAND.
ERRATA.
Page 8, line 23. Fort Cassimere is located near Wilmington-should be New Castle
.. 9, " 31, Hard-Knobbing Peter should be Hard-Kopping Peet.
" 19, " 34, for Proud's History of Penna., read Clarkson's Life of Penn.
:27, " 57, for Old Mixon read Oldmixon.
31, " 23, for Col. Custer, of 3d Va. Infantry, read Col. Cropper, 9th Va. Infantry.
38, " 26, for Northeasterly direction read Southeasterly.
39, 7, for ten bishels read ten barrels.
44, " 25, for Abgadon Mills read Algodon Mills.
" 45, " 36, for "to the coming of the first settlers of their names will be almost coeval which was of Penn himself," read "first settlers of their name which was almost coeval with that of Penn himself."
" 48, " 3, date 1665, read 1695.
" 52, " 15, for date "1874" read 1724; also line 28, for "William Beatty" read Frank Beatty.
" 54, " 28. the date "1819" should be October, 1821. Dr. Egle, the Historian, in- informs me that William Wilson lived and died in the Hummels- town cave, in the Swatara mountains, Dauphin county, at the time mentioned above.
70, for Zedemiah Wyatt read Zedekiah Wyatt.
.6 78, " 15, for "Charles Jackson," read Charles Thomson.
" 83, " 13, 14, 19, for Aubury Bevan read Aubrey Bevan.
86, " 16, for June 1, 1871, read June 1, 1870.
97, 18, it is stated that Jane Mather, after the death of her first husband, Dr. Paul Jackson, the following year married Dr. David Jackson, and on page 193, line 12, it is said that Jane married the latter three years after her first husband's death. The latter statement is correct. Her first husband died in 1767, and her second mar- riage took place in 1770.
" 100, " 27, for date "1686" read 1689.
" 106, " 16, for Northeast of Second and Market streets, read Northeast corner of Second and Market streets
" 144, " 4, "the present building, as well as the house in which Mrs. Gray still resides," should read "the present building in which Mrs. Gray still resides."
" 145, " 35, for in April, 1798, read 1789, and in line 38, for "it was in this year," read "it was in the year 1798.
" 181, " 12, for "Joseph Yeates," read "Jasper Yeates."
" 198, " 29, for "1776" read 1876.
" 212, " 15, for "composed of honorably discharged soldiers of the United States Army," read "composed of honorably discharged soldiers and sailors of the United States Army and Navy during the War of the Rebellion."
" 221, " 3, for "free public institutions," read "free public instruction."
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THIRD
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHESTER,
1644 -- 1682.
.
CHESTER BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF WII. PENN.
T THE City of Chester, located on the West bank of the Delaware river, is about four miles to the northward of the Delaware State line, and about eighteen miles below Philadelphia, when measured by the river from Market street wharf in one city, to the wharf of the like name in the other; while by the Philadelphia and Baltimore Post-road, from Front and Market streets, Philadelphia. where the Court House formerly stood, to the old Court House on Market street, in our city, the distance is fifteen miles. The stone, thus marked, is still to be seen against the foundation walls of the building, near the door at the foot of the staircase leading to the Mayor's office.
It is our boast that the first permanent colonization of Euro- peans in Pennsylvania was made in Delaware county, and certainly the first settlement, of which we have any authentic record, was at Tinicum Island, about four miles above the present City of Chester. The claim of Monroe county, that long before the arrival of Gover- nor Printz and the Swedes on the Delaware, the Dutch had made a permanent lodgement at Minisink, and had built a road extending from Esopus- founded, as we know, on the Hudson, in 1616-to the Delaware, communicating with mines near the Blue Mountains, and with numerous Dutch settlements along the flats above the Kit-
2
Historical Sketch of Chester.
tatinny, is not wanting in evidence to sustain the assertion. But, be that as it may, it is not germane to my purpose to discuss the early settlement on the Delaware, but shall limit myself to the City of Chester proper, and a few of the surrounding localities. The recent exhaustive historical researches into the records of the early colonists in this vicinity by Prof. Gregory B. Keen, furnishes us with much light on the early days of Upland, while it was a Swe- dish province, and I have freely drawn upon his labor.
In 1644, the present site of Chester, East of the creek of that name, was a tobacco plantation, occupied by farm servants in the employment of the Swedish company. About that time many of the colonists began to seek grants of the broad acres on the main lands, and the ground between Ridley and Chester creeks was se- lected by Joran Keen, and to him the Swedish government granted a patent for a tract of land one and a half miles inland, following the right bank of Chester creek above its mouth, and reaching along the Delaware eastward as far as Ridley creek. The plot at its north-western limit at the present "Crozer Theological Semi- nary," was a half mile in breadth, and a diagonal line ran thence eastwardly to Ridley creek. Joran Keen, or Kyn, (as his name was written by the Swedes and also from his peculiar complexion, known as "snohuitt" or " snow white ") was one of the earliest European residents upon the Delaware river within the boundaries of the present State of Pennsylvania, and for more than a quarter of a century, was the chief proprietor of lands at Upland, after- wards Chester. He was born in Sweden about 1620, and came to America, in company with Governor Printz, in the ship " Fama," which arrived at New Castle, February 15th, 1643, at " 2 o'clock in the afternoon," of that day. The new Governor removed to the more commanding port of Tutaeaenungh, or Tinicum, where he built a fort, provided it with considerable armament, which he named Nya Gortheborg, and " also caused to be built a mansion house and other conveniences," which was called by the proprietor Printzhoff." Here resided Joran Keen, a soldier whose duty was to attend daily upon the governor and travel with that dignitary wherever he might go, as one of his Excellency's body guard. As before stated, Keen received the grant of a royal tract of ground, and, it is believed, that when Colonel Printz left the colony to return
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Chester before the Arrival of Wm. Penn, 1644-1682. 3
to Sweden, Keen resigned his military position and gave his undi- vided attention to agriculture.
The land on the West bank of Chester creek, extending along the river as far as Marcus Hook, Queen Christina, of Sweden, granted to Captain John Ammundson Besk, "his wife and heirs," by patent, dated August 20, 1653, in consideration of faithful ser- vices he had rendered to the State. Besk, who is believed to have been a man of large means, never entered into possession of this. vast tract of ground, and it seems to have been held and claimed by Armigart Papegoya, the daughter of the first Swedish Gover- nor, Printz. In a letter from the Dutch Vice Director, Beekman, under date of September 14, 1662, he writes : " I inquired into the situation of a certain lot of land on the Southwest side of Upland Kill, and was informed by the Swedish Commissaries and other an- cient inhabitants of said nation, that the aforesaid is called Printz's village, which has always been in possession during 16 years of the Swedish Governor, John Printz, and his daughter who owns it."
Many of the early Swedish settlers were not of a class to be de- sired as founders of a new empire, for the recent investigation of Professor Odhner, of the University of Lund, Sweden, among the archives of that nation, discloses the fact that quite a number of criminals and forest-destroying Finns were transported to the Delaware river settlements to rid the mother country of their pre- sence. The Finns just mentioned, had, in violation of the man- dates of the royal government, set fire to the forests in Varmland and Dal, that they might free the ground of trees to sow grain in the ashes, and for this act they were banished to the New World. Professor Odhner directly asserts that, in the Province of Skara- borg, a trooper, who was condemned to death for having broken into the monastery gardens at Varnhem, was permitted to make his selection between being hanged or embarking for New Sweden, and as late as 1653 a criminal, who had been convicted of killing an elk on the island D'Auland, was sentenced to transportation hither.
I have no doubt many of these felons safely landed, notwith- standing the assertion of Campanius that " when the European in- habitants (along the Delaware) perceived it, they would not suffer them to set foot on shore, but they were all obliged to return, so
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4
Historical Sketch of Chester.
that a great many of them perished on the voyage." Nor is it strictly correct, thit conveying convicts here " was after this for- bidden under a penalty * lest Almighty God should let His vengeance fall on the ships and goods, and the virtuous people that were on board." There can be no question that the better class of Swedes male earnest efforts to prevent the importation of these obnoxious emigrants, but at the same time it should not be overlooked that the inhuman criminal cole of every European na- tion, at that period, punished severely the encroachnients of the people on the exclusive privileges of the wealthy, as the governing . class looked upon the dawning spirit of liberty among the masses to be, andl hence many of those who were transported, in our day would have been regarded as innocent of any real crime against morals or the State. Indeed, Lieutenant-Colonel Johan Printz, the first Governor of the colony, so far as the permanent settlement of Pennsylvania was concerned, hd himself been dismissed the ser- vice, because of his dishonorable capitulation of the fortress of Chemnitz during the war between Sweden and Germany. What- ever had been his conduct as a soldier in Europe, his administra- tion of affairs in this country was that of a wise and able executive.
It is, doubtless, due to this criminal element among the early resi- dents of Upland-including at that time the whole settled part of Pennsylvania-that we find in that remote period of our history, in- temperance as a distinguishing infirmity, and, as I shall hereafter show, a vice in which the clergyman and the schoolmaster of that day indulged to a noticeable degree.
The houses of the early Swedish settlers were built of logs, and the doors were so low that a person of ordinary stature was com- pelled to stoop in entering or leaving the buildings, while the apart- ments within had low ceilings, hardly over six feet in the clear, and the roughly hewed joists supporting the attic, wherein a child could hardly stand upright, were devoid of laths and plaster. The windows were small, mere frames set in the logs, and although the families who indulged in more costly luxuries than their neighbors had the openings glazed with isinglass, in general only a rough board slide shut out the cold on extreme winter days, and was usu- ally closed during the night. The chimneys with huge fire-places, were occasionally built of gray sandstone, in the corners of the
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5
Chester before the Arrival of Wm. Penn, 1644-1682.
rooms, but oftener the stacks were erected of turf on the outside of the houses and in the middle of the gables. In many of the early dwellings, small rooms just large enough to spread a bed were partitioned off from the main lower apartments, and the floors were laid in stone, or, oftener, simply clay, which by constant use be- came very hard.
The usual dress of the Swedish people on the Delaware, of those primitive days, was strongly but rudely fashioned of skins of ani- mals, and their heads were covered with caps of the same material, the hair clinging to the hide. Their shoes, very similar in form to the Indian moccasins, were made from the skins of animals slain in the chase. The women were also compelled to employ the same material in making their jackets and petticoats, and the beds were covered with deer, wolf and bear skins. Many of the heads of families had the apparel they had worn at home in Europe safely packed away, which, on occasions of public festivals, were ceremo- niously brought forth and donned by the owner, to the admiration of the young people born in the colony. Unfortunately the Swedes, both men and women, were addicted to an over indulgence in in- toxicating liquors, and frequent mention is made of the trouble this propensity occasioned them in trivial suits and complaints be- fore the Courts of that day.
Among the most prominent of the early Swedish settlers was Dominie Laurence Lock-his name appears in several ways on the old records-who comported himself with such freedom of behavior in his ministerial office that even, although nearly two centuries have elapsed since his death, the scandal which his deeds occa- sioned has descendod to the present time. He is stated by Mr. Clay, in his Annals-most excellent authority on all matters apper- · taining to the Swedish Church on the Delaware-to have come to this country during the time of Governor Printz; that he had preached at Tinicum and Christiana, and was for many years "the only clergyman the Swedes had." In the year 1661, the Dominie's wife, yielding to the dulcet pleading and more youthful attraction of one Jacob Young-or as it was sometimes written, Jacob Jough -- fled with the latter to the dwelling of Andries Hendricssen, a Finn, of notoriously bad character in Upland. The clergyman, when he discovered that his wife had eloped and had gone to Hen-
6
Historical Sketch of Chester.
dricssen's house, followed them thither, but too late to overtake the runaways. The Dominic, finding that the door to one of the rooms was closed, broke it open with an axe, and with the sune imple- ment unlocked a trunk belonging to Jacob Young, which he found in the apartment The trunk contained very little of value belong- ing to his wife, save a few pairs of stockings, which the clergyman carried away with him, leaving an inventory of the articles he had taken. The keen sense of the magisterial dignity among the justi- ces was shocked by this attempt on the part of the Dominie to take the righting of his wrongs in his own hands, and the Dutch Vice Di- rector Beekman, as Sheriff, brought suit against the clergyman for having infringed on his office. The case was tried at Altona (now New Castle, Del.) Vice Director Beekman was the Presiding Judge, with three others as associate justices. The unfortunate defendant was convicted of usurping the authority of the Court, and the manner in which the Presiding Judge managed to settle all of the male fu- gitive's outstanding accounts in the sentence was remarkable. Jacob Young, it seems, had been intrusted with two hundred gild- ers to buy corn for the Dutch Company, and he also owed a Mr. Dicker, and Judge Beekman, forty beaver skins, and, as he had fled with Lock's wife, the abandoned husband, for having broken open Young's trunk, was compelled to make good all the debts which the latter had left unpaid, and " besides, an award of forty guilders for having usurped the authority of the Court."
The justices believed that the fugitives had fled to Maryland, and sent an express there in search of them. In that opinion the Court was correct, for, in 1693, this Jacob Young, who had settled in Cecil county, was appointed one of the Commissioners of Mary- land to treat with the Delaware Indians. The impetuous Dominie, believing that it was not good for man to live alone, in three weeks after his wife eloped, procured a divorce, and by his authority as minister, on Sunday married himself -- personally performing the ceremony-to a young girl of about seventeen summers. The di- vorce, seeming to be irregular, at his trial Andreas Hudde, as Sec- retary, informed him that his last marriage was illegal. The per- plexed clergyman petitioned the Governor for relief, but with what success I have failed to learn.
In 1664, Rev. Abelius Zetscoven was called by the congregation,
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7
Chester before the Arrival of Wm. Penn, 1644-1682.
who had become weary of Dominie Lock and desired a new minis- ter and schoolmaster, but the latter was loath to relinquish his charge The new clergyman preached at Tinicum Church on the last Monday of Pentecost, at the request of the Swedish Commis- sioners, but the opposition of the incumbent was so vehement that the Commissioners had to threaten Mr. Lock with a protest to the Government, before he would permit the candidate to occupy the pulpit. The Dominie was the owner of much land in Chester, and seems to have had an eye to turning a penny wherever he could, which inclination brought him before the Court in 1676, on a charge of selling liquor to the Indians, which was prohibited by law. Not only did he sell it, but as one of the annalists of those early times narrates, his " great infirmity seems to have been an over-fondness for intoxicating drinks. It may, however, be in- ferred that he became refornied in his later years, for in 1674, he purchased property formerly occupied by Olle Stille, at the mouth of Ridley creek, (now Eddystone,) and, we are informed by Cam- panius, that he died in the Lord, in 1688." Three years before his death, in a case tried at a Court held January 11, 1685, the Reve- rend gentleman was, in the testimony, accused of attempting to suborn a witness in respect to a birgain and sale he had made of his house in Upland, to Justa Anderson. The jury found a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, with costs of suit and twenty pounds damages.
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