USA > Pennsylvania > Warren County > History of Warren County, Pennsylvania, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of some of its Prominent Men and Pioneers > Part 1
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1800
HISTORY
OF
WARREN COUNTY
PENNSYLVANIA
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS
EDITED BY J. S. SCHENCK
ASSISTED BY W. S. RANN
SYRACUSE, N. Y. D. MASON & CO., PUBLISHERS 1887
wr. 3 n'oo.
PRESS OF D. MASON & CO., 63 WEST WATER ST., SYRACUSE, N. Y.
1-15986
PREFACE.
W WHILE it may seem to the uninitiated a task involving but little difficulty to prepare for publication a work no more comprehensive in character than this volume and containing the history merely of a single county, still it is not out of place here to assure all such readers that the work is one demand- ing a vast amount of labor and research, watchful care, untiring patience, and great discrimination. This need not be said to any person who has had ex- perience in similar work. In attempting the production of a creditable history of Warren County, the publishers and the editor did not underestimate the difficulties of their task, and came to it fully imbued with a clear idea of its magnitude, and a determination to execute it in such a manner that it should receive the commendation of all into whose hands it should fall. It is believed that this purpose has been substantially carried out, and that, while a perfect historical work has never yet been published, this one will be found to contain so few imperfections that the most critical reader will be satisfied.
It has been a part of the plans of the publishers in the production of this history to secure, as far as possible, assistance from parties resident in the county, either as writers, or in the revision of all manuscripts; the consequence being that the work bears a local character which could not otherwise be secured, and, moreover, comes from the press far more complete and perfect than could possibly be the case were it intrusted wholly to the efforts of com- parative strangers to the locality in hand. In carrying out this plan, the editor has been tendered such generous co-operation and assistance of various kinds, that to merely mention all who have thus aided is impossible; the satisfaction
2
PREFACE.
of having assisted in the production of a commendable public enterprise must be their present reward.
Those who have aided and encouraged in this work have been almost "legion "; and to all such the writer extends his grateful thanks, and hopes his efforts to present a truthful history will not prove fruitless, but that it may be a mile-stone of events reared upon our county's century course, and read by our youth and posterity with such profit that they, by their true patriotism, industry and frugality, may be enabled to add as worthy a record of their day and generation as the fathers of the county have here transcribed.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. OUR SUBJECT SOMEWHAT EXPLAINED.
The Beginning of Warren County's History - Date of Organization - Its Boundaries - Its Area and Streams- Origin of its Name - The System to be Pursued in Sneceed- ing Chapters . . .. 13
CHAPTER II. NATURAL FEATURES, ETC.
Topography - Character of Forests - The Soil - Its Products - Minerals - The Animal Kingdom - The Eries - The Kahquahs, or Neuter Nation -The Hurons - The Iroquois - Earlier Occupants - Inferences 15
CHAPTER III. EUROPEAN DISCOVERIES, ETC., 1534-1655.
The French in New Frauce - The Puritans in New England - The Dutch in New Nether- lands - Activity of the French - Dutch Progress - The Jesuits - The Company of a Hundred Partners- Capture and Restoration of New France - Great Extent of the Province of Massachusetts Bay - Brébœuf and Chaumonot- Destruction of the Kahquahs and Eries - Seneca Tradition - French Account - Indian Hatchets .. . . .
21
CHAPTER IV. THE IROQUOIS.
Their Name as Applied by Themselves - System of Clans-Its Importance - Its Probable Origin - The Grand Council - Sachems and War-chiefs- Line of Descent -Choice of Sachems - Religious Belief - Natural Attributes - Family Relations, etc. 28
CHAPTER V. FROM 1655 TO :1680.
The Iroquois Triumphant - Obliteration of Dutch Power - French Progress - La Salle Visits the Senecas -Greenhalgh's Estimates - La Salle on the Niagara - Building of the Griffin - Its First and Last Voyage - La Salle's Subsequent Career.
34
4
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VI. THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA.
Europeans Struggle for Supremacy Along the Atlantic Coast-Quakers Settle in New Jersey - William Penn Appointed a Trustee-His Labors in Their Behalf - An Early Description of the New Country - Admiral Penn - A Province Granted to His Son - It is Named Pennsylvania - Its Extent - A Miscalculation - Penn Pur- chases the Lower Counties - Outlines His Policy - Sends Governor Markham to Take Possession - Names Commissioners - Their Duties - An Address to the Indians- The Site for a New City Selected.
CHAPTER VII. PENN IN PENNSYLVANIA.
38
William Penn Sails for America -- His Advice to His Family - The Voyage - Warmly Received at New Castle- The First Assembly - Penn Visits New York and Mary- land - Unsatisfactory Conference with Lord Baltimore - The Great Treaty with the Indians - The Walking Purchase - Great Influx of Colonists - Counties Formed - Meeting of the First General Assembly - Sitting of the First Grand Jury - First Conviction - Another Fruitless Interview with Lord Baltimore - Baltimore's Demand - Penn's Anxiety - His Liberal Offer - Baltimore's Adherents Invade the Lower Connties - Penn Determines to Return to England - His Farewell to His Colonists .. 49
CHAPTER VIII. FRENCH DOMINION.
A Slight Ascendeney - De Nonville Attacks the Senecas-Origin of Fort Niagara - Connt Frontenac in the Field - Treaty of Ryswick - Queen_Anne's War - The Iroquois Neutral - The Tuscaroras - Joncaire - Fort Niagara Rebuilt - French Power Increasing -Conflicting Claims -- Secret Instructions - De' Céleron Takes Possession of the Allegheny Valley - Buries a Lead Plate at Mouth of the Cone- wango - The Six Nations Alarmed - French Establish a Line of Forts - The Ohio Company - Virginia's Claim - Washington as an Envoy - French Build Fort Du Qnesne - Washington and his Virginians Captured - Braddock's Disastrous Campaign - The Final Struggle - French Defeated all Along the Line -Their Surrender of Power in the New World.
56
CHAPTER IX. ENGLISH DOMINION.
Pontiac's Conspiracy - The Devil's Hole - A Fight at Black Rock - Bradstreet's Expedi- tion - Sulky Senecas - The Troops Composing Bradstreet's Command - Israel Put- nam - The Revolution - Four Iroquois Tribes Hostile - The Treaty at Oswego - A Price for American Scalps - Brant, the Mohawk -- Principal Seneca Chiefs-Wyom- ing - Cornplanter Conspicuous - His Many Names, etc. - Cherry Valley - Ameri- cans Retaliate -- Brodhead's Expedition -Sullivan's Indian Campaign - Results - Close of the War, and of English Rule.
72
CHAPTER X. FROM 1783 TO 1790.
Forlorn Condition of the Scnecas at the Close of the Revolutionary War -Willing to Cede the Remainder of their Lands in Pennsylvania - Commissioners Appointed to Treat
5
CONTENTS.
with Them- A Sum Appropriated to Purchase Indian Goods -Quantity and Kind of Goods with which Purchase was Made - Treaty of Fort Stanwix -- Boundaries of the Tract Acquired by Pennsylvania-Cornplanter the Friend of the Whites - Subsequent Indignation of His Tribe-General Irvine Explores the New Purchase - Extracts from His Report -- Running the Boundary Line Between New York and Pennsylvania- Interesting Details - Early Names of Warren County Streams - In- dian Villages - Pertinent Suggestions - A Tract of Land Granted to Cornplanter - Survey of Lands of the Mouth of the Conewango - An Account of the First Official Exploration of the Head Waters of the Allegheny
83
CHAPTER XI.
CORNPLANTER AND OTHER INDIANS- 1790-91.
The Seneca Chieftain Invited to Visit Philadelphia - Letter from Thomas Mifflin - Ensign Jeffers's Letter - The Journey - Arrival in the Quaker City - Subsequent Proceed- ings- Cornplanter's Speech to the Supreme Executive Council - President Mifflin's Reply - Cornplanter; Meets President Washington - Returns to His Forest Home with Gifts and Various Supplies- Attempts on the Part of Pittsburgh Thieves to Steal the Same -Colonel Brodhead's Opinion of Early Pittsburgh Residents - Corn- planter Makes Choice of the Lands Granted Him - Their Location, etc. - Sketch of His Life.
96
CHAPTER XII. FROM 1791 TO 1800.
Troublous Times on the Border - Baneful British Influence - Uneasy Iroquois - Colonel Proctor Visits Them - Interesting Details Gathered From His Journal - His Mission a Failure -St. Clair Defeated - The Iroquois Become Insolent-Their Arrogant Demands-Cornplanter Joins the Malcontents- Extracts from Letters Written by Andrew Ellicott, Brant the Mohawk, and John Adlum - Wayne's Victory - Salutary Effects- Iroquois Ardor Cooled-The Treaty at Canandaigua - The British Retire from American Territory - Cornplanter's Speech at Franklin -The Holland Land Company - Town of Warren Laid Out by State Commissioners - Survey of Lands West of the Allegheny River - Advent of the First Settlers - A Block-house at Warren - Navigable Waters-Origin of the Reserve Tracts and Academy Lands .... 110
CHAPTER XIII.
THE ERA OF FORMATION, EARLY SETTLEMENTS, ETC., FROM 1800 TO 1819. Formation of Warren County - Its Original Boundaries - Temporarily Attached to Craw- ford County - Crawford County Organized - Erection of Brokenstraw Township - It Becomes the First Election District of Crawford- Warren County Annexed to Venango in 1805- Brokenstraw Still Continues as the Sole Township of Warren County - Its Taxable Inhabitants in 1806 - Who were the First Settlers- A Mooted Question - An Order to Erect New Townships - Early Inn-Keepers - Division of the County into Two Townships - Their Names and Boundaries - Their Taxable In- habitants in 1808 - Visited by Western Indians -- A Want of Confidence - Council Held with Cornplanter - Veterans of the War of 1812-15 - A Transfer of Lands by the Holland Land Company - Cornplanter as He Appeared in 1816 - The Taxables of the County During the Same Year - Subsequent Rapid Increase in Population .... 125
6
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIV. FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY UNTIL 1830.
Onerous Duties Imposed Upon Early Inhabitants - Passage of the Act of Organization --
Its Provisions - Initial Proceedings of County Commissioners - The First Term of Court -Its Officers - Jurors - Attorneys - Early Inn-keepers - Reminiscences Con- cerning the First Term of Court - Population of the County in 1820- New Town- ships formed in 182] - The Attempts to Collect Taxes from Cornplanter - The Old Chief Victorious -The Hook Murder Trial -Incidents Connected Therewith - Re- sults -Other Early Events 141
CHAPTER XV. FROM 1830 TO 1861.
The First Steamboat on the Upper Waters of the Allegheny - An Account of the Trip - Cornplanter a Passenger - Merchants and Inn-keepers in 1830 -- National Character of Early Settlers - The Scotch-Irish at First in the Ascendency - Origin of the Term Scotch-Irish - Those of English Descent in Final Control - Early Routes of Travel - A Remarkable Journey - Barefooted in Midwinter - An Influx of Alsatians - Death of Cornplanter -- Incorporators of Various Associations - Lumbering --- River Navigation - Store Goods -- Prices - Routes Pursued in Transit - Part of Mckean County Annexed to Warren - The Whigs and Democrats - The First Telegraph Line - Merchants of the County in 1850 -The Whigs Disband - Organization of the American Party - Temporary Success- Causes Leading to the Formation of the Republican Party - An Incident in the Career of Jeff. Davis - Republicans Gain Con- trol of the County in 1856 -- New County Scheme - Petroleum Discoveries - Titus- ville to the Front - Warren Men Also - Railroad Completed from Erie to Warren Tidioute Oil Field - Election in 1860 149
CHAPTER XVI. DURING AND SINCE THE LATE WAR.
Mutterings of the Coming Storm - The Outbreak - Call for Troops - Citizens of Warren in Council - Their Proceedings - The First Two Companies of Volunteers - Others in Readiness - Leaving Home for the Front - Brief Allusion to Other Orgamzations .- Number of Warren County Men in the Field to November 1, 1862- Events of 1863-Tribulations of the Stay-at-Homes in 1864-Relieved by Rebel Recruits -- The Draft of 1865 - Probable Total Number of Troops Furnished - Victorious Re- joieings-Ladies' Aid Society - Dedication of Cornplanter's Monument - An Influx of Scandinavians- Another New County Project Defeated -Gradual Development of Oil Interests -- Conclusion of Continuons History. 161
CHAPTER XVII. THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT -TENTH RESERVE.
Where Recruited- The Warren Gnards - Regimental Rendezvous - Organization of the Regiment - It Proceeds to Harrisburg-Thence to Washington - Brigade Assign- ment - General Ord in Command - The Fight at Dranesville - A Weary March to Fredericksburg - Transferred to the Peninsula - In Fitz-John Porter's Command - Battle of Mechanicsville -Gaines's Mill-Gallant Behavior of the Tenth Reserve - It Sustains Heavy Loss - White Oak Swamp - Men Completely Exhausted - Close of the "Seven Days' Fight" - The Reserves at Second Bull Run - South
7
CONTENTS.
Mountain - Antietam - Fredericksburg - Gettysburg - Winter Quarters 1863-64 - In the Wilderness - On Hand at Spottsylvania Court-House - Bethesda Church the Tenth Reserve's Last Battle-Field-Muster Out-Roster of its Members from Warren County
169
CHAPTER XVIII. FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT - BUCKTAIL RIFLES.
Manner of Recruiting Its First Companies- The Unique Material of Which It Was Com- posed - Woodsmen to the Front - Floating Down the Susquehanna - Captain Stone's Raftmen - The First Company to Leave Warren - To Pittsburgh in Boats of Their Own Make-By Rail to Harrisburg -- Regimental Organization - Captain Stone Promoted - The First March - On the Upper Potomac- The Bucktails Join the Pennsylvania Reserves -- Gallant Conduct at Dranesville - Captain McNeil of Warren Chosen as Colonel - A Temporary Division of the Regiment - Major Stone's Battalion in the "Seven Days' Fight "- Winning Imperishable Honors - But at Great Loss of Life -- Wonderful Bridge Building Feat - The Rifles of the Bucktails Again in Use at Second Bull Run -- Services Rendered by Lieutenant-Colonel Kane's Battalion in the Shenandoah - The Regiment Again United - Its Services at South Mountain - Antietam - Death of Colonel McNeil - An Incident in His Military Career - Freder- icksburg - Gettysburg - Death of Colonel Taylor, McNeil's Successor -- In the Wilder- ness - At Spottsylvania - Bethesda Church - Expiration of Term of Service - Roster of the Warren County Men. 179
CHAPTER XIX. FIFTY-EIGHTH AND EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENTS.
Colonel Curtis, of Warren, Authorized to Raise a Regiment - Is but Partially Successful - Its Consolidation with Another Fractional Command - The Field Officers -- Regiment Proceeds to Fortress Monroe - Its Services in that Department - Ordered to Beau- fort, N. C. - Transferred to the Army of the James - Charging Fort Harrison -- Subsequent Services - Muster Out- Eighty-Third Regiment - Where Recruited - Becomes Part of the Fifth Corps - Hotly Engaged During the Peninsula Campaign - Its Losses -- Second Bull Run - Fredericksburg - Holding Little Round Top at Gettysburg -- Worthless Substitutes and Drafted Men - Final Movements .. 192
CHAPTER XX. ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH REGIMENT.
In What Counties Recruited - Its Warren County Companies - Regimental Rendezvous - Original Field Officers - Equipped at Harrisburg - Proceeds to Baltimore -- Thence to Harper's Ferry - Assigned to Banks's Second Corps - In Action at Cedar Mountain - Heroic Daring Displayed at Antietam - Assigned to the Twelfth Corps - Winter Quarters I862-63- At Chancellorsville -Gettysburg - Transferred to the Army of the Cumberland - Attacked at Midnight in the Wauhatchie Valley - Rebels Defeated -Lookout Mountain - Re-enlisting for a Second Term - Eleventh and Twelfth Corps Consolidated as the Twentieth - The Atlanta Campaign - Hard Marching and Fighting of Daily Occurrence - Before Atlanta -Death of Colonel Cobham -- Atlanta Occupied - The March Through Georgia - Savannah Falls - Sweeping Northward Through the Carolinas- The Round-up at Washington, D. C. -- Final Duties -- Muster Out - Names and Record of Its Warren County Members. . 196
8
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXI.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH AND ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENTS.
The One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment of the Line or Twelfth Cavalry - Organized Near Philadelphia - Joins Pope in Virginia-Subsequent Services in the Shenandoah Valley - The First Command to Discover Lee's Northward Movement in 1863 - Nearly Surrounded at Winchester - Cutting its Way Out - On the Upper Potomac - In Pursuit of Early - Its Last Battle - Muster Out-Roster of Company K - One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment - Company F Recruited at Tidioute - The Regi- ment is Ordered to the Front Without Adequate Equipments - In Line at Antietam - Assigned to the Second Corps- Its Desperate Struggle at Fredericksburg - Great Losses -- Chancellorsville -- With Hancock at Gettysburg - In the Wilderness with Grant -- Charging the Enemy's Works at Spottsylvania - Cold Harbor -- Petersburg - Part of the Regiment Captured -Other Movements and Battles - Names, Etc., of Its Warren County Members. 214
CHAPTER XXII.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIRST AND ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENTS.
One Hundred and Fifty-first Regiment-Company F Recruited in Warren County - Regimental Organization - Colonel Harrison Allen, of Warren, in Command - Joins the Army of the Potomac - Assigned to the First Corps - The Chancellorsville Cam- paign - The Weary March to Gettysburg - The Battle - Heroic Conduct During the First Day's Fight - Frightful Losses - Retiring through the Town to a New Position - Continuance of the Battle - Victory, Though at a Fearful Cost - The Regiment Highly Complimented by General Doubleday - Its Warren County Men - One Hun- dred and Fifty-ninth Regiment, Otherwise Fourteenth Cavalry - Names of Its War- ren County Members - Regiment Organized at Pittsburg - Its Field Officers -Ordered to Harper's Ferry -Campaigning in the Shenandoah Valley - Attached to General Averell's Command- A Series of Raids and Battles- Brilliant Success Attending the Raid on the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad - Great Destruction of Rebel Prop- erty - A March over the Alleghenies in Midwinter -Swimming Icy Torrents and Swollen Rivers - Co-operating with General Crook - Hunter's Lynchburg Campaign - Another Terrible March Accomplished -- Details of Other Feats Performed and Battles Fought - Close of the War - Transferred to Fort Leavenworth - Muster Out 227
CHAPTER XXIII.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SECOND REGIMENT AND OTHER COMMANDS.
One Hundred and Eighty-second of the Line, Otherwise the Twenty-first Cavalry - Its Warren County Contingent - Serves a Six Months' Term - Reorganized to Serve for Three Years -- For Four Months Renders Gallant Service as an Infantry Regiment of the Fifth Corps- Its Battles - Remounted and Assigned to Gregg's Division - Subsequent Marches and Engagements- Names, Etc., of the Warren County Men - One Hundred and Ninety-third Regiment -- Part of Company I Recruited in Warren County - Regiment Serves One Hundred Days-Two Hundred and Eleventh Regi- ment - Term One Year - Contains a Full Warren County Company - In Virginia - Makes a Brilliant Record - Roster of Company G - Captain James's Independent Company - An Account of Its Services - Names of Members - Captain Baldwin's Company of Militia of 1862 -- List of members. 238
1
9
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIV. COUNTY BUILDINGS, ETC.
Utilizing the Rooms of Private Dwellings for Public Purposes- The First Jail -- The Village School-House Used as a Court-Room - Reminiscences Concerning Jail Breakers -- The First Court-House -- The Second Jail -Stone Office Building - Destruction of Same by Fire -- Another Erected of Brick -The Third or Present Jail -The New Court-House - County Farm. 253
CHAPTER XXV. TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATIONS.
Brokenstraw the Original Township of the County - Conewango Organized in 1808 -- Spring Creek, Sugar Grove, Pine Grove, Kinzua, and Deerfield in 1821 - Columbus in 1825-Limestone in 1829-Elk in 1830-Sheffield and Freehold in 1833 - Pleasant in 1834 - Southwest in 1838-Eldred in 1843- Glade in 1844- Corydon in 1846- Mead, Cherry Grove, and Pittsfield in 1847 - Farmington in 1853 - Triumph in 1878- Watson in 1880- Borough Incorporations. 259
CHAPTER XXVI. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES.
The First " Agricultural Show " -- Organization of the Warren County Agricultural Society - Its Officers -- First Annual Fair --- Names of Those to Whom were Awarded Pre- miums - Extract from Judge Wetmore's Address -- Subsequent Fairs, Officers, etc .- Organization of the Union Agricultural Society - Sugar Grove its Headquarters - The Warren County Agricultural Fair Association Organized - Its Officers - Annual Exhibitions -- Remarks. 269
CHAPTER XXVII. THE PRESS.
A Description of Warren's First Printer and Publisher - The Conewango Emigrant - Its First Editor - Interesting Details - The Warren Gazette - Its Editors, Publishers, etc .- Voice of the People -The Union - Warren Bulletin - Democratic Advocate - Warren Standard - Warren Ledger - People's Monitor -Warren Mail -Youngsville Express -Tidioute Publications -- Warren Mirror - Clarendon Record - Evening Paragraph -- Sugar Grove News - Bear Lake Record .. . 276
CHAPTER XXVIII. PETROLEUM.
The "Fontaine de Bitume " -- The Earliest French Missionaries Aware of its Existence- Also the English-Early References to the Same-Washington and Jefferson Speak of " Bituminous Oil" in Virginia-Evidences that the French Gathered the Oil at Titus- ville-It is Known to Early Inhabitants as "Seneca Oil" -- An Account of the First Producer and Refiner of Petroleum in Pennsylvania-He Terms it "Carbon Oil "- Colonel Drake's Discovery-Descriptions by Correspondents-Great Excitement at Titusville-Warren Men as Pioneer Operators-Subsequent Developments of Oil Pro- ducing Territory-Handsome Profits-Tidioute Field Opened -- Squatters -- Early Man- ner of Shipments-Annual Production of Pennsylvania and New York Fields Since 1859 285
IO
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIX. CIVIL LIST.
Members of the United States House of Representatives - Judge United States Court of Claims - United States Consul - Lieutenant-Governor - Auditor-General - Member of State Constitutional Convention - State Senators - Members of Assembly - Presi- dent Judges- Sheriffs -County Commissioners - Prothonotaries -County Treas- nrers - Registers and Recorders - County Commissioners' Clerks -Jury Commission- ers-Coroners-Justices of the Peace. 294
CHAPTER XXX. RIVER NAVIGATION, ETC., WAGON ROADS, RAILROADS.
Source of the Conewango -- Navigable Waters of the County-Asking Aid for Their Im- provement-Survey of the Allegheny by U. S. Engineers-Its Length and Fall from Olean to Pittsburgh-Early Manner of Transporting Freight and Passengers-Keel- boats-Their Great Usefulness-Shipping Lumber to New Orleans -- Names of Steam- boats Engaged in the Warren and Pittsburgh Trade-An Immense Raft-Description of Rafting-Nathan Brown's Ventures-Wagon Roads Laid Out by the Pioneers- Present Condition of Highways- Railroads- Celebrating the Opening of Railway Communication with Erie-Date of Completing Other Railroads. 302
CHAPTER XXXI. THE BENCH AND BAR.
Interesting Memoirs of the President Judges now Deceased-Full Mention of Those Who Survive-The Bar-A Complete Roll of Attorneys Admitted Since the Organization of the County-Remarks Concerning Some of the Earliest Resident Attorneys-Notes Relating to Present Attorneys in Active Practice 311
CHAPTER XXXII.
HISTORY OF THE BOROUGH OF WARREN 324
CHAPTER XXXIII.
HISTORY OF CONEWANGO TOWNSHIP 39
CHAPTER XXXIV.
HISTORY OF BROKENSTRAW TOWNSHIP 401
CHAPTER XXXV.
HISTORY OF SUGAR GROVE TOWNSHIP 420
CHAPTER XXXVI.
HISTORY OF PINE GROVE TOWNSHIP 443
CHAPTER XXXVII.
HISTORY OF DEERFIELD TOWNSHIP. 453
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
HISTORY OF SPRING CREEK TOWNSHIP
. 407
CHAPTER XXXIX
HISTORY OF KINZUA TOWNSHIP' 475
II
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XL.
HISTORY OF COLUMBUS TOWNSHIP
483
CHAPTER XLI.
HISTORY OF LIMESTONE TOWNSHIP 493
CHAPTER XLII.
HISTORY OF ELK TOWNSHIP
498
CHAPTER XLIII.
HISTORY OF SHEFFIELD TOWNSHIP ..
CHAPTER XLIV.
523
HISTORY OF FREEHOLD TOWNSHIP
CHAPTER XLV.
HISTORY OF PLEASANT TOWNSHIP
532
CHAPTER XLVI.
HISTORY OF SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIP
537
CHAPTER XLVII.
HISTORY OF ELDRED TOWNSHIP
545
CHAPTER XLVIII.
HISTORY OF GLADE TOWNSHIP
550
CHAPTER XLIX.
HISTORY OF CORYDON TOWNSHIP 559
CHAPTER L.
HISTORY OF PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP
566
CHAPTER LI.
HISTORY OF MEAD TOWNSHIP
576
CHAPTER LII.
HISTORY OF CHERRY GROVE TOWNSHIP
.
583
CHAPTER LIII.
586
CHAPTER LIV.
HISTORY OF TRIUMPH TOWNSHIP
593
CHAPTER LV.
597
HISTORY OF WATSON TOWNSHIP
CHAPTER LVI.
BIOGRAPHICAL
599
BRIEF PERSONALS 691
511
HISTORY OF FARMINGTON TOWNSHIP
12
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Allen, Orren C.,
facing 354
McKinney, Peter, facing 572
Barnes, Erastus, . facing 512
McGraw, Michael,
facing 594
Beaty, David,
facing 554
Marsh, William S.,
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