USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > A historical account of Christ Church, Philadelphia : from its foundation, A.D. 1695, to A.D. 1841 : and of St. Peter's and St. James's, until the separation of the churches > Part 15
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* Rev. Dr. Eaton's centennial sermon, delivered in Christ Church, Boston, Sunday, December 28th, 1823.
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278
. HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
knelt and received the pledges of the Redeem- er's love, in the consecrated symbols of his body and blood. . Here, when life's silver cord shall be broken, we hope to sleep with our kin- dred and friends, till the morning of the resur- rection, when, at the sound of the last trump, we shall rise to meet the Lord in the air, and to serve him day and night in his temple. Asso- ciated with so many impressive and interesting recollections and anticipations, can we fail to regard this sacred temple with the liveliest emotions of veneration and love ? Shall we not cherish towards it kindred sentiments with those of the Psalmist, when he exclaimed, " If I for- get thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand for- get her cunning. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth ; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy ?"
"Influenced by these sentiments, we shall be solicitous to preserve, as much as possible, this venerable monument of the zeal and piety of for- mer days, from the ravages of time, and to trans- mit it unimpaired, to posterity. Viewing it as a sacred deposite committed to our trust, not merely for our own benefit, but for that of future generations, we shall be anxious that it may pass from our hands, under circumstances which shall endear it to their affections, and recom-
279
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
mend it to their support; bearing the impress of our liberality, and perpetuating the lustre of our example. As a society, we shall study the things that make for peace. The only conten- tion among us will be ' that of the vine and the olive, which shall bear the most and the best fruit ;' who shall do most to advance the glory of God and the salvation of his fellow-creatures. Sensible that without him we can do nothing, our devout supplications will daily rise to the great Head of the church, who has promised to be with her, even unto the end of the world ; that peace may be a perpetual guest within her walls, and prosperity in all her palaces ; and, as an evidence of the sincerity of our prayers, the pious resolution of each individual will be, ' For my brethren and companions' sake, I will now say, peace be within thee. Because of the house of the Lord our God, I will seek to do thee good."
We are sure, that every one who reads this history, will sincerely respond to the above senti- ments ; as he will also yield a hearty amen to the wish, " that this house of prayer may prove, to each one of us, and to the thousands and tens of thousands, who may successively wor- ship within its walls, none other than the house of God, and the gate of heaven."
SUCCESSION
OF
RECTORS OF CHRIST CHURCH.
REV. MR. CLAYTON. 1695.
The Rev. Mr. Clayton under whose auspices the church was built, was sent out to Philadel- phia, by Dr. Henry Compton, Bishop of London, in 1695, through the influence of Dr. Bray, the Bishop's Commissary for Maryland. On his arrival here, Mr. Clayton found not more than fifty persons to make up his congregation, yet in two years it " was increased to seven hun- dred, and a handsome church erected." He died about two years after his arrival, of a con- tagious distemper caught in visiting the sick .*
REV. EVAN EVANS, D. D. 1700 to 1718.
Dr. Evans was sent out to Christ Church by the Bishop of London, in 1700, and continued in charge until 1718, when, on account of age
* The life and designs of the Rev. Dr. Bray.
-
281
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
and infirmities, he removed to Maryland, and soon after died there. He is represented as a faithful missionary, and very instrumental in establishing the church in this country.
REV. JOHN VICARY. 1719 to 1722.
The Rev. Mr. Vicary was licensed by the Bishop of London to take charge of Christ Church, and entered on his duties in September, 1719. His health failing him, at the close of the year, 1721, he does not appear to have officiated after that time. He probably died early in 1723.
REV. RICHARD WELTON, D. D. 1724 to 1726.
Dr. Welton, who had been consecrated in England, in 1723, by Ralph Taylor, one of the Nonjuring Bishops,* took charge of the church in July, 1724, by invitation of the vestry. He continued to officiate, with great acceptance to the congregation, until January 13th, 1726, when he was called home to England by the British government, in consequence of having exercised here the Episcopal functions. He, however, did not obey the summons, but retired to Portugal, where he died, in 1726.
* Percival on Apostolical Succession, pp. 133, 134. 24*
282
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
REV. ARCHIBALD CUMMINGS. 1726 to 1741.
The Rev. Mr. Cummings arrived from Eng- land, September 8th, 1726, and the day follow- ing was received by the vestry as rector of this church. In April, 1728, he married Jane Eliz- abeth Assheton, of Philadelphia. He continued to officiate under a license from the Bishop of London, with good success, and great satisfac- tion to the people, until his death, in April, 1741. He was rector fourteen years and seven months ; and in that period there were 1728 baptisms, 851 marriages, and 1601 burials, registered in · his own handwriting ;. at all of which he appears to have officiated.
REV. ROBERT JENNEY, L. L. D. 1742 to 1762.
Dr. Jenney came to this country as a mis- sionary from the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in 1722; and was first settled in the county of Westchester, New York; and afterwards at Hempstead, on Long Island. Having served the society faithfully for twenty years, he was invited to Christ Church, and entered upon his duties as Rector, in November, 1742, by a license from the Bishop of London. He died at the advanced age of
283
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
seventy-five years, in January, 1762; having been fifty-two years in the ministry, and more than nineteen years rector of Christ Church. His remains lie beneath one of the aisles of the church.
REV. RICHARD PETERS, D. D. 1762 to 1775.
The Rev. Mr. Peter's came out to this coun- try, from England, in 1735, and assisted the Rev. Mr. Cummings for a few months after his arrival. He continued to reside in Philadelphia until Dr. Jenney's death, when he was unani- mously elected to the rectorship of Christ Church and St. Peter's. He continued rector of the united churches until September, 1775, when he resigned in consequence of age and infirmities. He was a gentleman of fortune, and a most liberal benefactor of the church. He died July 10th, 1776, aged 72 years. His remains lie beneath the centre aisle of Christ Church, near the chancel rail.
REV. JACOB DUCHÉ, D. D. 1775 to 1777.
Dr. Peters was succeeded by his senior assist- ant, the Rev. Mr. Duché, a native of Philadel- phia, who had been for sixteen years one of the
284
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
assistants in the united churches. He entered on the duties of rector, in September, 1775; and in December, 1777, he left and went to England, where he remained until the conclu- sion of peace. He returned to this country, but never after had any connexion with the churches in this city. He died January 3d, 1798, in the 60th year of his age. His remains, together with those of his wife, are interred in St. Peter's Church burial ground.
RIGHT REV. WILLIAM WHITE, D. D. 1779 to 1836.
Mr. White was an assistant in the united churches for seven years ; first to Dr. Peters, and afterwards to Dr. Duché. His election as rector took place April 15th, 1779; which office he held until his death, July 17th, 1836.
We collect from various sources, the follow- ing notices of this great and good man. "The Right Reverend William White, D. D., was born in the city of Philadelphia on the 4th of April, (N. S.) A. D. 1748. His father, Col. Thomas White, who was an emigrant from England, settled in Maryland, but prior to the birth of the son removed to Philadelphia. At the early age of fourteen his thoughts were directed to the ministry. He was educated in
285
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
Philadelphia College, and there graduated A. B. in May, 1765, and A. M. about three years afterwards. He was ordained by Dr. Philip Young, Bishop of Norwich, under letters di- missory from Dr. Richard Terrick, Bishop of London, on the 23d December, 1770, and priest by the same Bishop Terrick, on the 25th day of April, 1772. In this interval of time he had access to the society of many of the most illus- trious men of the age, among whom may be mentioned Dr. Kennicott, Dr. Lowth, Oliver Goldsmith, and Dr. Samuel Johnson.
Having, while in England, been conditionally nominated to the place of assistant minister of Christ Church and St. Peter's, he was regularly elected to the same, on the 30th day of No- vember, 1772, and was elected rector of said churches on the 15th day of April, 1779. He was graduated D. D. in the University of Penn- sylvania, on the 4th day of July, 1782; being the first person named for that degree in the said institution. He was elected bishop of the church in Pennsylvania, September 14, 1786 ; and was consecrated to the episcopacy on the 4th day of February, 1787, by Dr. John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by Dr. William Mark- ham, Archbishop of York, Dr. Charles Moss, Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Dr. John Hinch-
286
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
cliff, Bishop of Peterborough. In the war of In- dependence, he was Chaplain of Congress, and again, by the choice of the Senate, under the Federal Constitution, in the presidency of Washington, so long as Philadelphia was the seat of government.
Bishop White was rector of Christ Church and St. Peter's about fifty-seven years and three months ; and of St. James's from the time of its organization, about twenty-seven years. He was bishop of this diocese about forty-nine years and five months. And, on the decease of Bishop Seabury, February 25th, 1796, be- coming the senior bishop of our church, he con- tinued such about forty years and five months. His whole term in the ministry was about sixty- five years and seven months.
After no protracted illness, by the mere de- cay of age, he expired on Sunday the 17th of July, 1836, in the 89th year of his age; his mind unclouded, tranquil and serene, in meek reliance upon his Saviour. And on the 20th, his body was interred in the family vault, in Christ Church yard, amidst the testimonials of respect and affection of multitudes of mourning citizens."*
* Prot. Episcopalian, Vol. vii. p. 316-318,
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
287 REV. JOHN WALLER JAMES. 1836.
The Rev. Mr. James, the assistant minister, was elected rector on the decease of Dr. White, but survived his venerable predecessor only four weeks. He died August 14, 1836, aged 31 years, deeply lamented by his congregation, and by a large circle of friends. His remains were interred in Christ Church yard, near the family vault of Bishop White.
REV. BENJAMIN DORR, D. D. 1837.
The present rector was elected March 9th, 1837, and was instituted on ascension day, May 4th, of that year, by the Rt. Rev. Henry U. Onderdonk, D. D., bishop of the diocese of Pennsylvania. Morning prayers were read by the Rev. Dr. De Lancey, rector of the St. Pe- ter's church, and the bishop preached.
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SUCCESSION
OF ASSISTANT MINISTERS
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
REV. THOMAS HUGHS. 1718. The Rev. Mr. Hughs supplied the vacancy for one year, after the removal of Dr. Evans, the former rector, to Maryland.
REV. JOHN URMSTON. 1723.
The Rev. Mr. Urmston officiated about a year, on account of the sickness and death of the Rev. Mr. Vicary, the rector.
REV. RICHARD PETERS, D. D. 1736.
Dr. Peters was an assistant to the Rev. Mr. Cummings for a few months only. More than a quarter of a century after, he became the rector.
289
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
REV. ENEAS ROSS.
1741 to 1743.
Mr. Ross came from England in June 1741, and finding the church vacant by the death of the Rev. Mr. Cummings, he took charge of it, and officiated two years ; a part of the time as assistant to the Rev. Dr. Jenney. He resigned in July 1743, to become rector of the churches at Oxford and White-marsh.
REV. WILLIAM STURGEON. 1747 to 1766.
Mr. Sturgeon was a graduate of Yale college in Connecticut ; and having obtained orders in England, came out under the patronage of the society for propagating the Gospel in foreign parts, as " assistant to the rector, Dr. Jenney, and catechist to the negroes." In July, 1766, he resigned his office, as assistant minister in the united churches, in consequence of ill health.
-
REV. JACOB DUCHÉ. 1759 to 1775.
Mr. Duché was called as an assistant to Dr. Jenney, in 1759, and was elected rector in 1775, after holding the office of assistant min- ister for sixteen years.
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290
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
REV. THOMAS COOMBE. 1772 to 1778.
Mr. Coombe was a native of Philadelphia, and was chosen an assistant to Dr. Peters, at the same time with Mr. White. He went to England, in consequence of the revolutionary troubles, in 1778 ; and from that time his con- nexion with the churches ceased.
REV. WILLIAM WHITE. 1772 to 1779.
Mr. White was called to be an assistant, to Dr. Peters, in November, 1772; and after Dr. Duché and Mr. Coombe left for England, Mr. White remained alone, with the care of both churches, for nearly three years. He was elected rector in 1779.
REV. ROBERT BLACKWELL, D. D. 1781 to 1811.
The Rev. Dr. Blackwell was elected an as- sistant minister of the united churches, in Sep- tember, 1781, and continued to officiate in that station for thirty years.
REV. JOSEPH G. BEND. 1787 to 1791.
The Rev. Mr. Bend was called from New York, to be an assistant minister, in December,
291
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
1787; and resigned his station, in June, 1791, having been elected rector of St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, Maryland.
REV. JAMES ABERCROMBIE. 1794 to 1832.
Mr. (now Dr.) Abercrombie, was elected an assistant minister of the united churches, in June, 1794; and continued in that office, until November, 1832, a period of more than thirty- eight years. In the language of one who was for several years his associate in the ministry, Dr. Abercrombie was " long admired for his unrivalled excellence as a reader of our admi- rable liturgy, for his ability as a writer, and his eloquence as a preacher ; and exhibiting in his long continued, active and steady discharge of ministerial duty, an unbroken attachment to the cause of Christ and of his church."*
REV. JACKSON KEMPER. 1811 to 1831.
Mr. (now Dr.) Kemper, was elected an as- sistant minister, in May, 1811 ; and after filling the office very successfully for twenty years, he resigned, to become rector of St. Paul's Church, Norwalk, Connecticut. He was con-
* Sermon by Rev. Dr. De Lancey, preached in St. Peter's Church, June 30, 1833, p. 34.
292
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
secrated missionary bishop, for Missouri and Indiana, September 25, 1835 ; where he con- tinues to labour with untiring zeal, and with entire devotedness, in the great missionary work.
REV. JAMES MILNOR. 1814 to 1816.
Mr. (now Dr.) Milnor was chosen an assis- tant minister of the united churches, in Decem- ber, 1814 ; and resigned in June, 1816, to be- come rector of St. George's Church, New York ; which dignified and useful station, he still continues to occupy.
REV. WILLIAM A. MUHLENBERG. 1817 to 1820.
Mr. (now Dr.) Muhlenberg, became assis- tant to the rector in October, 1817, and after holding that station with much usefulness, for a little more than three years, he resigned, to take charge of St. James's Church, Lancaster. For several years past he has been eminently successful, as the founder and principal of the Flushing Institute, now St. Paul's college, Long Island.
REV. WILLIAM H. DE LANCEY. 1822 to 1836. Mr. (now Dr.) De Lancey was elected an
1
293
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
assistant to the rector in March, 1822. In 1823, he was elected an assistant minister of the united churches. In August, 1828, he was unanimously elected provost of the university of Pennsylvania, and professor of moral philo- sophy in that institution; which office he ac- cepted, and consequently resigned his station as assistant minister. In June, 1833, he was invited to St. Peter's church, then a separate and independent parish ; and on the decease of Bishop White, he became the rector. Having been chosen bishop of the diocese of western New York, he was consecrated to that office, May 9th, 1839.
REV. JOHN WALLER JAMES. 1832 to 1836.
The Rev. Mr. James was elected an assis- tant minister of Christ Church, in June, 1832, and served in that station for four years, to the great satisfaction and profit of the congrega- tion. On the decease of Bishop White, in July, 1836, Mr. James was unanimously chosen rec- tor. ,
25*
A LIST
OF THE
WARDENS OF CHRIST CHURCH,
FROM
EASTER, 1708, TO EASTER, 1841.
1708-1710.
Richard Anthony.
John Frogg.
1711-1714.
John Frogg.
Anthony Palmer.
1717-1720.
James Tutthill.
Charles Read.
1
1721-1722.
William Assheton.
Thomas Lawrence.
1723-1724.
Thomas Tresse.
William Fraser.
1725.
Samuel Hasell.
Robert Ellis.
1726.
Samuel Hasell.
Robert Bolton.
295
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
1727.
Robert Bolton. Thomas Leech.
1728.
Thomas Leech.
Peter Baynton.
1729.
Peter Baynton. Peter Evans.
1730.
Peter Evans. Thomas Bourne.
1731.
Thomas Bourne.
Joshua Maddox.
1732-1733.
Joshua Maddox. James Bingham.
1734. James Bradley.
1735.
William Pyewell.
Benjamin Morgan.
1736.
Benjamin Morgan. John Robinson.
1737-1738.
John Robinson.
William Chancellor.
296
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
1739.
William Chancellor.
William Till.
1740-1741.
William Pyewell.
Thomas Bourne.
1742.
William Pyewell.
John Ross.
1743.
John Kearsley. Richard Parker.
1744.
John Kearsley.
William Maugridge.
1745.
John Ross. Thomas Leech.
1746-1747.
Thomas Leech.
Jacob Duché.
1748.
Jacob Duché. Evan Morgan.
1749-50.
Evan Morgan. Townsend White.
1751.
William Pyewell. Joseph Redman.
1752-1753.
Henry Harrison.
James Humphreys.
297
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
1754-1755.
John Baynton. George Okill.
1756-1757. Redmond Conyngham. John Sayre.
1758.
Evan Morgan.
Redmond Conyngham.
1759.
Evan Morgan.
Alexander Stedman.
1760-1762.
Henry Harrison.
Alexander Stedman.
1763.
William Plumsted. Edward Duffield.
1764.
Edward Duffield.
Charles Stedman.
1765.
Townsend White. Charles Stedman.
1766.
Joseph Swift. Joseph Sims.
1767.
James Humphreys. William Bingham.
1768.
James Humphreys. Joseph Stamper.
298
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
1769.
Joseph Swift.
Joseph Stamper.
1770-1771.
rancis Hopkinson. Benjamin Wynkoop.
F
1772.
Joseph Swift.
John Wilcocks.
1773.
Joseph Redman. John Wilcocks.
1774.
Joseph Redman. James Sparks.
1775.
John Morgan.
Jonathan Browne.
1776.
Jonathan Browne. Thomas Cuthbert.
1777.
Thomas Cuthbert.
James Reynolds.
1778.
James Reynolds.
Samuel Powell.
1779.
Samuel Powell.
Richard Bache.
1780.
Richard Bache.
John Chaloner.
-
299
OF CHRIST CHURCH.
1781.
John Chaloner.
William Adcock.
1782.
William Adcock.
Wooddrop Sims.
1783.
Gerardus Clarkson.
William Pollard.
1784.
Wooddrop Sims. William Pollard.
1785.
Wooddrop Sims. Joseph Swift.
1786.
Joseph Swift. Tench Coxe.
1787.
Tench Coxe. Robert Towers.
1788.
Benjamin Wynkoop. Robert Towers.
1789-1791.
Robert Towers.
John Wilcocks.
1792.
Joseph Swift.
John Wilcocks.
1793-1794.
John Wilcocks.
Thomas Cumpston.
300
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
1795-1803.
Joseph Swift. Thomas Cumpston. 1804-1812.
Thomas Cumpston.
Peter De Haven.
1813-1814.
William Tilghman.
Thomas Cumpston.
1815-1819.
William Tilghman. John B. Wallace.
1820-1826.
William Tilghman. .
John Read.
1827-1828.
Horace Binney.
John C. Lowber.
1829-1831.
Horace Binney. William Meredith.
1832-1834.
Horace Binney. Henry J. Hutchins.
1835.
Horace Binney. Moses Kempton.
1836.
Moses Kempton. Charles Wheeler.
1837.
Moses Kempton. Philip H. Nicklin.
1838-1841.
Horace Binney.
Moses Kempton:
OFFICERS
OF
CHRIST CHURCH, 1841.
WARDENS.
HORACE BINNEY.
MOSES KEMPTON.
VESTRYMEN.
PHILIP H. NICKLIN.
WILLIAM SMITH.
JOHN WHITE.
WADE T. SMITH.
ELLIS CLARK. JOB BACON.
JAMES Y. HUMPHREYS.
THOMAS C. HAND.
ROBERT S. JOHNSON.
FRANCIS WEST, M.D.
ORGANIST. J. C. B. STANDBRIDGE.
SEXTON. ROBERT R. BRINGHURST.
26
APPENDIX.
" The vaulted roof that trembled oft Above the chaunted psalm ; The quaint old altar where we owned Our very Paschal Lamb ; The chimes that ever in the tower Like seraph-music sung, And held me spell-bound in the way When I was very young." CHRISTIAN BALLADS.
APPENDIX.
CHURCH EDIFICE.
CHRIST Church is situated on the west side of Second street, between Market and Arch streets. The lot on which it stands is about 140 feet in front, by 132 feet deep. The main building is of brick, 90 feet in length, by 61 feet in breadth, with a projecting tower at the west end 28 feet square; the extreme length, includ- ing the tower, is therefore 118 feet. The walls of the tower are of stone, 4 feet thick; but are cased with brick, to correspond with the main building. The steeple was built by Robert Smith, at an expense of more than £3000. It was commenced in 1751 and finished in 1755. Its height is 196 feet 9 inches from the base to the mitre; and about two hundred feet to the top of the lightning rod. When the steeple was painted, in 1838, the vane, balls and mitre, which are all of copper, were taken down to be regilded ; and at that time the size of each was accurately ascertained. The largest ball measures seven feet nine inches in circumference, and is said to contain sixty gallons. The four smaller balls, which indicate the cardinal
26*
306
APPENDIX.
points of the compass, are each one foot ten inches in circumference, and are three feet ten inches apart. The vane is seven feet seven inches in length, and two feet two inches in breadth. The mitre is two feet six inches in height and four feet in circumference. Upon it are thirteen stars, the number of the original states, with the following inscription : viz.
" The Right Rev. William White, D. D. consecrated Bishop of the Episcopal Church of Pennsylvania, Feb- ruary 4th, 1787."
This steeple is regarded by competent judges as one of peculiar beauty. It is " thus extolled by Joseph Sansom, Esq., who had seen numerous similar architectural ornaments abroad, viz. : ' It is the hand- somest structure of the kind, that I ever saw in any part of the world ; uniting in the peculiar features of that species of architecture the most elegant variety of forms, with the most chaste simplicity of combi- nation.' "*
For the present beautiful appearance of the interior of the church, we are chiefly indebted to Thomas U. Walter, Esq., a distinquished architect in Philadelphia, whose taste and skill were employed in restoring it to what seemed to be the original design of the person who first planned it. The style of architecture, which is well preserved throughout, is appropriate; and the effect of the lofty arches, supported by six large fluted columns, is strikingly beautiful. The extreme length of the interior, from the door fronting the cen-
* Watson's Annals, p. 331.
307
CHURCH EDIFICE.
tre aisle, to the large window back of the chancel, is ninety feet, and the width fifty-seven feet. The height of the centre arched ceiling is forty-seven feet.
The whole appearance is chaste, simple, and ele- gant; and there is throughout a quiet grandeur and sublimity, which at once inspire sentiments of devotion and awe. We think no one can enter it without feel- ing that he is in a temple consecrated to the service of Jehovah.
The pulpit and desk stand within the chancel, which is formed in a recess, 24 feet wide, and 15 feet deep, at the east end. The whole is lighted by a large win- dow immediately over the altar. Two mural tablets, one on each side of the chancel, contain, the one the Creed and Lord's Prayer, and the other the Ten Com- mandments. On the north side of the chancel is the vestry-room, and on the south side is a room of cor- responding size, which serves for the meetings of a bible class. A large room over the chancel, the en- trance to which is through the south gallery, has been fitted up for the Church Library.
There are, upon the ground floor of the church, one hundred and thirty-four pews, and thirty-six pews in the gallery. The large chandelier, which is suspended over the centre aisle, was purchased in 1744, and cost £56.
Upon the north wall are three tablets; one to the memory of Robert Meade, who died May 3d, 1796 ; another to the memory of John Cox, who died Febru- ary 20th, 1713; and the third to the memory of the late rector, the Rev. J. W. James ; a particular de- scription of which will be given hereafter. On the
308
APPENDIX.
south wall is a tablet to the memory of Mrs. Mary Andrews, a considerable benefactress to this church, who died March 29, 1761.
When the recent improvements were made in the church, it was found necessary to cover with the floor- ing those tomb stones which lay in the aisles ; in con- quence of which, two marble tablets have been placed on either side of the front entrance, beneath the gallery, to preserve, as far as practicable, the inscriptions so covered up. The names and dates on the stones, as far as they are legible, are as follows :
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